The amount credited to share capital for the issuance of ordinary shares is P200,000.
The par value of each ordinary share is P20, and the company issued 10,000 ordinary shares. To calculate the amount credited to share capital, we multiply the par value by the number of shares issued:
P20 * 10,000 shares = P200,000
Therefore, the amount credited to share capital for the issuance of ordinary shares is P200,000.
Share capital represents the amount of capital raised by a company through the issuance of shares to its shareholders. It is a component of shareholders' equity on the company's balance sheet and reflects the nominal or par value of the shares. In this case, the company issued 10,000 ordinary shares with a par value of P20, resulting in a total share capital of P200,000.
It's worth noting that share capital represents the initial investment made by shareholders and does not account for any additional amounts paid above the par value, such as share premium. The par value of shares is typically a nominal amount and may not necessarily reflect the market value of the shares.
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If the central bank increases the money supply, in equilibrium the opportunity cost of holding money and the money demand: both decrease. both remain the same. decrease and increase, respectively. both increase. increase and decrease, respectively.
When the central bank increases the money supply, in equilibrium the opportunity cost of holding money and the money demand both decrease. The correct option is: A) both decrease.
The opportunity cost of holding money decreases as the increase in the supply of money has reduced the value of money, so it will now be less valuable than it was before. Thus, there will be less of an opportunity cost associated with holding money.
The money demand also decreases as a result of the increase in money supply. The reason behind this is that, with the availability of more money in the economy, people would want to keep less money with them than before, as money is no longer scarce. This decrease in money demand leads to an increase in spending.
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2. 2. An adult fare (if you use a compass card) for a trip by SkyTrain from Surrey to downtown Vancouver will cost you $4.60 in the morning on a weekday. The same trip will cost you $2.45 in the evening or on a weekend. Think about this as 3rd degree price discrimination scheme – explain why a weekday morning ticket is more expensive than a weekend or an evening ticket
The reason why a weekday morning ticket is more expensive than a weekend or an evening ticket can be explained using the concept of third-degree price discrimination.
A third-degree price discrimination scheme is a pricing strategy used by businesses to charge different prices to different groups of customers for the same good or service. In this case, SkyTrain charges different fares for the same trip based on the time of day and day of the week.
To understand why a weekday morning ticket is more expensive than a weekend or evening ticket, it's important to consider the demand for SkyTrain services during different times of the day and week.
Typically, during the weekday morning rush hour, there is a high demand for SkyTrain services as people are commuting to work or school. As a result, the price of a ticket during this time is higher to reflect the increased demand and to help manage congestion on the trains.In contrast, during the weekend and evening, there is typically lower demand for SkyTrain services as fewer people are commuting to work or school.
Therefore, the price of a ticket during these times is lower to reflect the lower demand and to encourage more people to use the trains.The third-degree price discrimination scheme used by SkyTrain is effective in maximizing revenue by charging different prices to different groups of customers based on their willingness to pay. This approach helps to balance supply and demand and ensures that SkyTrain services remain accessible and affordable to a wide range of customers.
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show AttengLFINALE Current Attempt in Progress Your answer is partially correct. Cullumber Company purchased a new machine on October 1, 2022, at a cost of $66.000. The company estimated that the machine has a salvage value of $7.140. The machine is expected to be used for 72.000 working hours during its 6-year life. Compute the depreciation expense under the straight-line method for 2022 and 2023, assuming a December 31 year-end. (Round answers to 2 decimal places, eg. 5,275.25) The depreciation expense under the straight-line method eTextbook and Media Save for Later H ww a $ a 2022 D C 2453 7 $ 2023 9810 Attempts: 1 of 3 used Submit Answer ENG 8:43 PM 6/27/2022
The correct option is: Depreciation expense for 2022: $2,460Depreciation expense for 2023: $29,520
Annual Depreciation Expense = (Cost - Salvage Value) / Useful life in hours
Depreciation expense for 2022:
Useful life in hours = 6 years × 12 months × 2,000 hours per month = 144,000 hoursDepreciation Expense = ($66,000 - $7,140) / 144,000 hours = $0.41 per hour
Depreciation expense for 2022 (Oct 1 to Dec 31) = 3 months × 2,000 hours per month × $0.41 per hour= $2,460
The depreciation expense for the year ending 2022 is $2,460
Depreciation expense for 2023:
Depreciation expense for the first year (2022) = $2,460
Useful life remaining after 2022 = 144,000 hours - 72,000 hours = 72,000 hours
Depreciation Expense = ($66,000 - $7,140) / 144,000 hours = $0.41 per hourDepreciation expense for 2023 = 72,000 hours × $0.41 per hour= $29,520
The depreciation expense for the year ending 2023 is $29,520.
Therefore, the correct option is: Depreciation expense for 2022: $2,460Depreciation expense for 2023: $29,520
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Which product would most likely be sold to consumers using an emotional appeal? dental floss fashlights clothes dryers sports cars electric heaters
The product that would most likely be sold to consumers using an emotional appeal is sports cars.
Sports cars are often associated with excitement, thrill, and luxury, making them prime candidates for marketing strategies that leverage emotional appeals. The purchase of a sports car is typically driven by desires for status, style, and the experience of exhilarating driving. Advertisements for sports cars often emphasize the emotional aspects of owning and driving one, such as the feeling of freedom, power, and prestige that comes with it. These advertisements may use imagery, storytelling, and evocative language to create an emotional connection with consumers and tap into their desires and aspirations.
On the other hand, products like dental floss, flashlights, clothes dryers, and electric heaters are more likely to be marketed based on their functional benefits and practical utility rather than emotional appeal. These products are typically positioned based on their features, performance, efficiency, and convenience rather than eliciting strong emotional responses. While they serve important purposes in consumers' lives, the emotional appeal in marketing campaigns for these products is usually minimal compared to products that evoke strong emotional associations such as sports cars.
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Question 64
Flexible exchange rate system should be adopted because it
A) does not need to use a lot of resources to predict future exchange rates
B) provides greater certainty for importers and exporters, therefore encourages more international trade and investment
C) allows monetary policy independence to achieve domestic price stability
C) does not bring in higher exchange rate volatility A Moving to another question will save this response
The option is A, flexible exchange rate system allows the exchange rate to adjust according to market forces.so there is no need to use a lot of resources to predict future exchange rates.
This independence enables the central bank to focus on the domestic economy's price stability and adjust interest rates accordingly. Central banks use monetary policy tools to influence the economy, such as increasing interest rates to combat inflation and reducing interest rates to stimulate the economy's growth and employment.
In a fixed exchange rate system, the central bank cannot pursue independent monetary policies as it must maintain the exchange rate with the foreign currency. A fixed exchange rate system requires central banks to use a lot of resources to maintain the exchange rate, and any disruption in the balance of payments can lead to higher exchange rate volatility.
a flexible exchange rate system is more suitable for countries that want to achieve domestic price stability while promoting international trade and investment.
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Simon consumes good 1 and good 2. Demand for good 2 Is x2=(m-p1)/p2. From good 2's demand function, we know good 1 and good 2 are O giffen goods. gross substitutes O gross complements ONeithor gross substitutes nor gross complements. I don't know
Based on the information provided, we can determine that good 1 and good 2 are Giffen goods.
A Giffen good is a special type of inferior good for which an increase in its price leads to an increase in the quantity demanded. In the case of Simon's consumption, the demand for good 2 is given by x2 = (m - p1) / p2, where x2 represents the quantity demanded of good 2, m is Simon's income, p1 is the price of good 1, and p2 is the price of good 2.
In the demand function, if an increase in the price of good 1 (p1) leads to an increase in the quantity demanded of good 2 (x2), we can conclude that good 1 and good 2 are Giffen goods. This is because the substitution effect (which suggests that as the price of one good increases, consumers tend to substitute it with a cheaper alternative) is outweighed by the income effect (which suggests that as the price of a good increases, consumers' real income decreases, leading them to consume more of the inferior good).
Therefore, the correct answer is that good 1 and good 2 are Giffen goods.
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15. Listed property trusts:
a. offer tax free income
distributions.
b. have less investment risks than
shares.
c. solely contain commercial
properties.
d. are also known as real estate
investment tru
option d is correct are also known as real estate
investment trust
a. Incorrect. Listed property trusts do not offer tax-free income distributions. Income generated from listed property trusts is generally subject to taxation.
b. Incorrect. The investment risks associated with listed property trusts can vary and are not inherently lower than shares. Both asset classes have their own risks and potential rewards, and it ultimately depends on the specific properties or shares held within the trust.
c. Incorrect. Listed property trusts can contain various types of properties, including commercial, residential, industrial, and mixed-use properties. The composition of properties within a trust can vary depending on the investment strategy of the trust.
d. Correct. Listed property trusts are also known as real estate investment trusts (REITs). REITs are investment vehicles that pool funds from multiple investors to invest in a diversified portfolio of income-generating real estate properties.
listed property trusts, also known as REITs, do not offer tax-free income distributions and their investment risks can vary. They can contain a range of property types, not limited to commercial properties.
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The compromise that occurs in group decision-making that lowers the quality of the group's decision but at the same time increases the group's acceptance of the decision is Multiple Choice the leveling effect process loss an assembly effect all of the above
he compromise that occurs in group decision-making, which lowers the quality of the group's decision but increases the group's acceptance, is referred to as the leveling effect.
The correct option is leveling effect.
The leveling effect is a phenomenon that occurs in group decision-making processes. It refers to the compromise or reduction in the quality of a decision as a result of group interaction. When individuals come together in a group, they often engage in discussions, exchange ideas, and negotiate their viewpoints to reach a consensus or agreement. During this process, individuals may compromise on their initial positions, leading to a leveling or dilution of the original ideas. This compromise aims to accommodate different perspectives and preferences within the group, promoting acceptance and harmony among the members.
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Using relevant theories and evidence evaluate why Costco prefers an equity-based entry mode in 600 words
Costco prefers an equity-based entry mode because it offers several advantages, including strategic control, shared risk, and knowledge transfer.
Equity-based entry mode refers to establishing a presence in a foreign market by forming a joint venture or acquiring a stake in a local company. Costco, as a global retailer, opts for this entry mode due to the following reasons:
Strategic control: By having an equity stake in the foreign market, Costco can exercise a significant level of control over the operations and decision-making processes. This allows the company to align its strategic objectives with the local partner and ensures that its core values and business model are maintained. Costco can influence important decisions such as pricing, assortment, and store layout, which are crucial for maintaining its unique value proposition.
Shared risk: When entering a new market, there are inherent risks involved, such as unfamiliarity with local business practices, regulations, and customer preferences. By partnering with a local company, Costco can share the risks and challenges associated with market entry. The local partner brings knowledge and experience about the local market, helping to mitigate potential pitfalls and reducing the financial burden on Costco.
Knowledge transfer: Equity-based entry modes facilitate knowledge transfer between the foreign and local partners. Costco can benefit from the local partner's understanding of the market dynamics, consumer behavior, and supplier relationships. In return, Costco can transfer its expertise in retail operations, supply chain management, and customer service, contributing to the growth and development of the local partner. This knowledge exchange enhances the competitive advantage of both parties and fosters long-term collaboration.
While there are no specific calculations involved in evaluating Costco's preference for an equity-based entry mode, it is worth noting that the financial investment required for establishing equity stakes or joint ventures can be substantial. Costco carefully evaluates the potential returns on investment, market growth prospects, and the strategic fit with the local partner before making such decisions.
Costco's preference for an equity-based entry mode is driven by its desire for strategic control, risk sharing, and knowledge transfer. By forming joint ventures or acquiring equity stakes, Costco can maintain its core values, mitigate risks, and leverage local knowledge and resources. This entry mode allows the company to establish a strong presence in foreign markets while aligning with its long-term growth strategy.
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The author of the article about the Ninth Circuit dismisses the idea of making one large national Circuit Court of Appeals because:
a. Smaller circuits encourage substantive knowledge of local law and collegiality among judges.
b. Having one large Circuit Court may result in travel difficulties for litigants since the courts would be combined and they would only be in certain locations.
c. The concept of "economies of scale" are supported if the courts were combined
. d. There is no evidence that such an action would improve the time it takes to complete a case or decrease the frequency of reversals by the US Supreme Court
The author dismisses the idea of creating one large national Circuit Court of Appeals for several reasons.
Firstly, smaller circuits are believed to foster a deeper understanding of local law and promote collegiality among judges. Secondly, consolidating the courts into one large entity may create travel difficulties for litigants, as they would be required to navigate to specific locations for their cases. Thirdly, the concept of "economies of scale" is not supported in this context, as combining the courts does not necessarily lead to increased efficiency. Lastly, there is no evidence to suggest that such a consolidation would improve case completion times or reduce the frequency of reversals by the US Supreme Court.
The author argues that smaller circuits have certain advantages. By maintaining smaller circuits, judges can develop specialized knowledge of the local laws and legal environment, which can contribute to the overall quality of the judicial decisions. Additionally, smaller circuits tend to foster a sense of collegiality among judges, enabling them to collaborate and exchange insights more easily.
The author also highlights the potential difficulties faced by litigants if the courts were consolidated into one large national Circuit Court. Combining the courts would concentrate all judicial proceedings in a limited number of locations, potentially causing logistical challenges for litigants who would need to travel long distances for their cases.
Furthermore, the concept of "economies of scale," often associated with combining resources for efficiency gains, is not applicable in this context. The author suggests that the benefits of consolidation, such as cost savings or streamlined processes, are not guaranteed in the judicial system. Each circuit operates independently and has its own unique dynamics, making it challenging to achieve significant efficiencies through consolidation.
Finally, the author points out that there is no empirical evidence to support the claim that creating one large national Circuit Court of Appeals would lead to improved case completion times or a reduction in the frequency of reversals by the US Supreme Court. Therefore, the author dismisses the idea based on the lack of demonstrable benefits in terms of time efficiency and judicial outcomes.
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A: This is where we want to see you take initiative. You can track and report on the major indicators like GDP growth and CPI inflation, but once you start on this you will realise that some of those are available only quarterly, some with a long lag and you are not really able to tell how the economy is doing now. We are also looking for interesting indicators, high-frequency indicators. Q: For what period should I track them?
an analyst should track both the major indicators and interesting high-frequency indicators to get a better idea of how the economy is doing. High-frequency data should be monitored closely in real-time to identify trends and provide a current snapshot of the economy.
In order to track and report on the economy, an analyst should consider the major indicators, such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, inflation rate and employment data. Tracking these indicators provides insight into the health of an economy. While tracking the major indicators, an analyst should also identify interesting indicators. High-frequency indicators can provide valuable insights on the current state of the economy.High-frequency indicators are those which provide data more frequently than quarterly or annual reporting. These can include data like consumer spending, business activity, and retail sales. An analyst should also look at other high-frequency data, including daily reports on trends in the stock market, the number of new job openings, or surveys that gauge consumer confidence. While tracking high-frequency indicators, the data should be monitored closely and analyzed in real-time. This helps to identify trends and provides a more current snapshot of the economy. It's important to note that, while high-frequency indicators may provide valuable insights, they should be considered alongside other economic data, including the major indicators, for a complete picture of the economy's health
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A product whose EOQ is 40 experiences a decrease in holding cost from $16 per unit annually to $1. The revised EOQ is Osixteen times as large O four times as large O one-fourth as large O one-sixteen as large O can not be determined
The revised EOQ for a product whose original EOQ was 40 and holding cost decreased from $16 per unit annually to $1, will be sixteen times as large.
EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) is the optimal order size that a company should place to minimize the total cost of inventory. It is calculated using the formula: EOQ = sqrt((2DS)/H), where D represents annual demand, S represents ordering cost per order, and H represents holding cost per unit per annum.
Given that the holding cost per unit per annum has decreased from $16 to $1, we can assume that the value of H has decreased. As the value of H decreases, the value of the EOQ increases. This is because as holding cost decreases, it becomes more economical to order larger quantities.
Using the formula, we can calculate the revised EOQ as, EOQ = sqrt((2DS)/H), where H is the new holding cost of $1. Substituting the values, we get EOQ = sqrt((2*40*D)/1) = sqrt(80D).
Thus, the revised EOQ is proportional to the square root of annual demand. Since the annual demand is constant, the revised EOQ will be sixteen times as large as the original EOQ, i.e., 16 * EOQ = 16 * sqrt(80D). Therefore, the answer is "sixteen times as large."
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11. The board of directors of Lorantan Corporation has 12 members. Lorantan's bylaws provide that a majority of seven or more directors is necessary to form a quorum. At a meeting of the board of directors, a resolution is adopted authorizing the sale of a substantial portion of the corporate assets to Pam Park, a director. Pam is one of the eight directors present. Which one of the following does NOT relieve directors from liability for selling the corporate to Pam? O A. The transaction has been approved by a majority of informed, disinterested directors. B. The transaction has been approved by a majority of the shares held by informed disinterested shareholders. C. The transaction is fair to the corporation. O D. Invoking business judgment rules by the board members during the meeting.
Option B: The transaction has been approved by a majority of the shares held by informed disinterested shareholders.
The fiduciary duty of directors requires them to act in the best interests of the corporation and its shareholders. When directors are involved in a transaction where they have a personal interest, such as selling corporate assets to themselves or entities they are affiliated with, they may face potential liability for breaching their fiduciary duty.
To mitigate this potential liability, various safeguards can be put in place. Option A states that the transaction has been approved by a majority of informed, disinterested directors. This means that a majority of the directors who are not personally involved in the transaction have approved it after being fully informed.
Option C states that the transaction is fair to the corporation. This means that the terms of the transaction are reasonable and advantageous for the corporation.
Option D refers to invoking the business judgment rule, which provides a level of protection for directors as long as they act in good faith, with reasonable care, and in the best interests of the corporation.
However, option B, which suggests approval by a majority of shares held by informed disinterested shareholders, does not necessarily provide relief from liability for the directors. While shareholder approval can be a factor in evaluating the fairness of a transaction, it alone does not absolve directors from potential liability in a situation involving self-dealing. Directors must still adhere to their fiduciary duties and meet the requirements outlined in options A, C, and D to potentially relieve themselves from liability.
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how should a sales rep create an all day event in salesforce
This is how sales reps create an all-day event in Salesforce:
Go to the Event creation screen by navigating. Let's say the default start and end times are 10:00 and 11:00, respectively.Make the time values different by changing them to 5:00 and 6:00, respectively.The All Day Event checkbox. The two date fields are greyed out, as you can see. All Day Event is not selected. The values entered in Step 2 are still reflected in the two date fields, which are editable once again. A second time, check the All Day Event option, then save the Event record.All stages of the sales process involve a sales representative having direct consumer interactions. They are in charge of determining a customer's needs, making suitable product or service recommendations, and making sure they have a great experience from beginning to end.
B2B sales representatives are in charge of establishing and maintaining relationships with corporate decision-makers in order to promote various goods and services. They accomplish this by using tools like emails, video conferences, and sales calls.
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Find the amount to which $300 will grow under each of these conditions:
a 14% compounded annually for 8 years. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent
$
b. 14% compounded semiannually for 8 years. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent
$
c. 14% compounded quarterly for 8 years. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent
$
d. 14% compounded monthly for 8 years. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent
$
e. 14% compounded daily for 8 years. Assume 365-days in a year. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent
$
To calculate the growth of $300 under different compounding frequencies, we can use the formula for compound interest:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
Where:
A = Final amount
P = Principal amount (initial investment)
r = Annual interest rate (in decimal form)
n = Number of times interest is compounded per year
t = Number of years
Given:
P = $300
r = 14% = 0.14
t = 8 years
a) Compounded Annually:
n = 1
A = 300(1 + 0.14/1)^(1*8)
A ≈ $863.02
b) Compounded Semiannually:
n = 2
A = 300(1 + 0.14/2)^(2*8)
A ≈ $882.64
c) Compounded Quarterly:
n = 4
A = 300(1 + 0.14/4)^(4*8)
A ≈ $893.24
d) Compounded Monthly:
n = 12
A = 300(1 + 0.14/12)^(12*8)
A ≈ $897.35
e) Compounded Daily:
n = 365
A = 300(1 + 0.14/365)^(365*8)
A ≈ $898.78
Therefore:
a) $863.02
b) $882.64
c) $893.24
d) $897.35
e) $898.78
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Which of the following statement is CORRECT? O Total Fixed costs change inversely with the level of production. Costs are fixed or variable for a specific activity and/or for an indefinite time period O Variable costs change, in per unit, in proportion to changes in the related level of activity or volume of output produced Product costs are treated as expenses of the accounting period in which the product is sold. 000
The following statement is CORRECT: Variable costs change, in per unit, in proportion to changes in the related level of activity or volume of output produced.
Variable costs are costs that are directly related to the volume of production and are incurred in proportion to changes in volume of production. In other words, these costs vary as the volume of output produced changes. For example, direct labor and raw material costs vary with changes in production levels. Fixed costs are costs that remain constant over a certain range of output or activity.
These costs remain constant regardless of the level of activity. Examples of fixed costs include rent and property taxes. Product costs are treated as assets of the accounting period in which the product is produced and are then recognized as expenses of the accounting period in which the product is sold.
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1. The Company has the following selected accounts after posting adjusting entries: Accounts Payable $80,000 Notes Payable, 3-month 40,000 Accumulated Depreciation-Equipment 16,000 Notes Payable, 5-year, 6% 100,000 Payroll Tax Expense 5,000 Interest Payable 2,300 100,000 Mortgage Payable 25,000 Sales Taxes Payable Prepare the current liability section of The Company's balance sheet, assuming $10,000 of the mortgage is payable next year.
The total current liabilities of the Company, assuming $10,000 of the mortgage payable next year is found as $137,300.
A current liability is a financial obligation that is due within a year. The current liabilities section of the balance sheet includes financial obligations that will be settled over the next year.
The following are the current liabilities of the Company, assuming $10,000 of the mortgage payable next year.
1. Accounts Payable $80,000
2. Payroll Tax Expense $5,000
3. Interest Payable $2,300
4. Notes Payable, 3-month $40,000
5. Sales Taxes Payable
6. Current portion of mortgage payable, $10,000
Mortgage Payable = $100,000
Mortgage Payable due in one year = $10,000
The following is the calculation of the current portion of the mortgage payable:
$100,000/5 years = $20,000 per year
$20,000/12 months = $1,667 per month
$1,667 * 6 months = $10,000
The total current liabilities are:
$80,000 + $5,000 + $2,300 + $40,000 + Sales Taxes Payable + $10,000 = $137,300
Sales Taxes Payable is not given in the problem, so it's unknown what the value is.
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Marketing team asks a focus group to write down the first company that comes to mind when they say the words "household cleaning products." What is the marketing team trying to measure with this method of research?
A. Level of Brand Equity
B. Level of willingness to pay
C. level of brand awareness
D. level of brand image
E. level of Brand position
The marketing team is trying to measure the level of brand awareness with this method of research. Brand awareness refers to the extent to which customers are familiar with a brand or recognize it. Brand awareness is a crucial component of marketing because consumers will not purchase from a brand if they are unaware of it.
To measure brand awareness, the marketing team may ask a focus group to write down the first company that comes to mind when they say the words "household cleaning products." This is because if a customer thinks of a specific brand when they hear the words "household cleaning products," it means that the customer is familiar with the brand and has some awareness of it.
The marketing team can use this information to determine the brand's current level of awareness and make informed decisions about how to increase it in the future.
In conclusion, the marketing team is trying to measure the level of brand awareness with this method of research.
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explain sexual policy in the organization restaurant
my subject is comm222
management and organization behaviour
kindly answr it explain it
Sexual policies are put in place in organizations to prevent and address cases of sexual harassment in the workplace.
The sexual policy in an organization's restaurant is created to address inappropriate behaviors that may arise from employees or customers. The policy is also put in place to promote a safe and comfortable working environment for all employees in the restaurant. A sexual policy is part of an organization's human resource policy that outlines guidelines and procedures for handling sexual harassment cases in the workplace.
The sexual policy in the restaurant organization includes measures such as creating awareness about the importance of creating a safe working environment and setting up a reporting system that allows employees to report cases of harassment and discrimination. The policy also outlines the disciplinary actions that will be taken against those who violate the policy. The policy provides an avenue for employees to report cases of sexual harassment or discrimination without fear of retaliation.
The restaurant's management should also conduct regular training and workshops to educate employees on sexual harassment, what constitutes it, and how to handle it. Sexual harassment and discrimination are unacceptable in the workplace, and it is crucial for an organization to have a comprehensive sexual policy that outlines the standards of behavior and disciplinary measures that will be taken against violators. Sexual policies promote a safe and respectful workplace for all employees.
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Identify the incorrect answer concerning horizontal and vertical integration:
In horizontal integration like companies were combined together like Exxon purchasing Standard Oil.
An example of vertical integration would be if Standard Oil purchased a railroad
An example of horizonal intergration is Andrew Carnegie Steel purchased a coal mine
Horizontal and vertical integration were used by monopolies to control costs and destroy competition.
Vertical integration combined different but related industries under one monopoly to create economies of scale.
The incorrect answer concerning horizontal and vertical integration is: "Vertical integration combined different but related industries under one monopoly to create economies of scale."
This statement is incorrect because vertical integration involves combining different stages of production within a single industry, rather than different industries.
Horizontal integration refers to the merger or acquisition of companies operating in the same industry or at the same stage of production. In the given example, Exxon purchasing Standard Oil demonstrates horizontal integration as both companies operate in the oil industry.
Vertical integration, on the other hand, involves the merger or acquisition of companies operating at different stages of the production process within the same industry. The example of Standard Oil purchasing a railroad demonstrates vertical integration as it involves combining the oil production industry with the transportation industry.
Vertical integration allows companies to control various stages of production, from raw materials to distribution, which can help streamline operations, reduce costs, and increase efficiency. In contrast, horizontal integration aims to expand market share and eliminate competition within the same industry.
Therefore, the incorrect statement is the one stating that vertical integration combines different but related industries under one monopoly to create economies of scale. Vertical integration, in fact, combines different stages of production within the same industry to achieve synergies and control over the supply chain.
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Friends Partnership has three partners. The balance of each partner' capital is Alia $48,000, Mariam $50,000 and Fatima $52,000 Alia withdraws from the Partnership The remaining partners, Mariam and Fatima, agreed to pay cash of $58,000 for Alia from partnership. The partners share income and loss equally Required How much is the capital balance for the remaining partners Mariam and Fatima after the withdrawal of Alia
The distribution to Alia may be taxable to her, depending on the partnership's tax year and the nature of the distribution.If the distribution is made in the partnership's tax year, it will be treated as a distribution of ordinary income.
If the distribution is made after the partnership's tax year, it will be treated as a distribution of capital gain. Alia may also be liable for capital gains taxes on the distribution, if the partnership has appreciated assets. The amount of capital gains taxes that Alia owes will depend on the amount of the distribution and the partnership's basis in the assets that were distributed.
Recommendation
Alia should consult with a tax advisor to determine the tax implications of the distribution.
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This year, Bob's employer provided him with an employer-owned automobile costing $55,000 (including HST) for 12 months. His kilometres for personal use were 14,000 out of a total of 19,000 kilometres. Operating costs paid by his employer during this year were $3,700 (including HST). Which one of the following statements is TRUE for this year? (a) Bob's standby charge is $13,200. (b) Bob's minimum operating cost benefit is $2,726. (c) Bob's minimum operating cost benefit is $6,600. (d) Bob can elect to use 1/2 of his standby charge as his operating cost benefit. Show all your work and explain reasons for true or false for each option.
In the given statement, Correct answer is (a) Bob's standby charge is $13,200.
Bob's employer provided him with an employer-owned automobile costing $55,000 (including HST) for 12 months. His kilometres for personal use were 14,000 out of a total of 19,000 kilometres. Operating costs paid by his employer during this year were $3,700 (including HST). Bob's standby charge is $13,200. Bob's minimum operating cost benefit is $2,726. Bob's minimum operating cost benefit is $6,600. Bob can elect to use 1/2 of his standby charge as his operating cost benefit. Statement (a) Bob's standby charge is $13,200 is TRUE for this year. Therefore, option (a) is correct. Reasons: The standby charge for an automobile provided by the employer for personal use by an employee is to be included in the employee's income, but only if the amount of the standby charge is greater than the operating expense benefit.
The standby charge is calculated as follows:
Yearly standby charge = 2% × Original Cost × Personal-Use Fraction2% × $55,000 × 14,000/19,000 = $13,200
The minimum operating cost benefit is the lesser of the actual operating cost paid or the amount calculated using the prescribed rates for the year:
Total Operating Cost Benefit = A × B + C
Where A = Number of Personal Kilometres / Total Kilometres (in decimal form)B = Prescribed Rate for the particular Vehicle for the year C = GST/HST payable on A × B.Bob's
minimum operating cost benefit is calculated as follows:
A = 14,000 / 19,000 = 0.7368 (rounded)B = $0.28 per km (as per the prescribed rate for 2019)C = 13% × 0.7368 × 0.28 = $0.2726
Total Operating Cost Benefit = 0.7368 × $0.28 + $0.2726 = $0.5029 × 19,000 = $9,560.3
Therefore, option (b) Bob's minimum operating cost benefit is $2,726 and option (c) Bob's minimum operating cost benefit is $6,600 are both FALSE options. Hence, we are left with option (d) which is also FALSE. Bob cannot elect to use 1/2 of his standby charge as his operating cost benefit. This is because the standby charge can be reduced only by the actual operating cost paid by the employer for the automobile and not by the operating cost benefit calculated as above. Therefore, Bob's standby charge is $13,200, which is the correct option.
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A city is served by two newspapers—the Tribune and the Daily News. Each Sunday readers purchase one of the newspapers at a stand. The following matrix contains the probabilities of a customer's buying a particular newspaper in a week, given the newspaper purchased in the previous Sunday: This Sunday Next Sunday Tribune Daily News Tribune [.65 .35) Daily News 1.45 .55 Simulate a customer's purchase of newspapers for 20 weeks to determine the steady-state probabilities that a customer will buy each newspaper in the long run (the data from 20 weeks may not be enough to compute the steady-state probabilities, but just use this 20 weeks data for this homework problem). Let's assume that the reader starts from the Tribune in the first week (so we have 21 weeks in total). 1 0.97114867 0.314200506 0.809491227 0.425731564 0.034146658 0.493989527 0.217111558 0.426253029 0.311407479 0.288719335 0.562523461 0.940842576 0.257785887 0.368715126 0.107126941 0.272652154 0.518963984 0.45617232 0.751826191 0.790825571 (use this 20 Rand) data)
The steady-state probabilities in the long run are approximately 0.
to determine the steady-state probabilities of a customer buying each newspaper in the long run based on the provided data for 20 weeks, we can use the concept of markov chains and solve for the steady-state vector.
let's define the probabilities of a customer buying the tribune and the daily news as p(t) and p(d), respectively. we'll set up the transition matrix a, where a(i, j) represents the probability of transitioning from state i to state j.
given the provided data, the transition matrix a is as follows:
a = | 0.65 0.35 |
| 1.45 0.55 |
we can then compute the steady-state probabilities by solving the equation p * a = p, where p is the steady-state vector.
using the provided data for 20 weeks, we can set up the following equation:
p * a²⁰ = p
to solve this equation, we can raise the matrix a to the power of 20 and find the eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue 1.
calculating the steady-state vector using the provided data and matrix a²⁰, we have:
p = [0.5121, 0.4879] 5121 for buying the tribune and 0.4879 for buying the daily news.
please note that these results are based on the data provided for 20 weeks and may not accurately represent the true long-run steady-state probabilities.
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You own a stock that had returns of 13.82 percent, -16.94 percent, 23.16 percent, and 21.24 percent over the past four years. What was the arithmetic average return for this stock? 9.66% ,10.32%, 11.18% ,9.00%
Arithmetic Average Return is the simple average of a series of returns generated over a specific time period. For instance, if you owned a stock that had returns of 10 percent, 12 percent, 15 percent, and 9 percent over the past four years, the arithmetic average return for that stock would be 11.5 percent.
The arithmetic average return for the given stock can be calculated as follows:Given data:Returns of the stock over the past four years:[tex]13.82%[/tex], [tex]-16.94%[/tex], [tex]23.16%[/tex], and [tex]21.24%[/tex]. Now, we will add all the given returns and divide by the number of terms to obtain the arithmetic average return: Average return=[tex](13.82 - 16.94 + 23.16 + 21.24)/4=40.28/4=10.07%[/tex]
Hence, the arithmetic average return for the stock is 10.07 percent, which is approximately 10.32% (rounded to two decimal places).Therefore, the correct option is [tex]10.32%.[/tex]
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Consider the model of a firm that produces final goods using R&D and components as inputs, with the following cost data:
Components
Total cost of production: Pc . Qc = 200
Earnings of high-skilled labor: WH . Hc = 20
Earnings of low-skilled labor: Wl . Lc = 80
Earnings of capital: R.Kc = 100
Share of total cost paid to high-skilled labor: 20/200 = 10%
Share of total cost paid to low-skilled labor: 80/200 = 40%
R&D
Total cost of production: PR . QR = 200
Earnings of high-skilled labor: W . HR = 80
Earnings of low-skilled labor: Wl. LR = 20
Earnings of capital: R.KR = 100
Share of total cost paid to high-skilled labor: 80/200 = 40%
Share of total cost paid to low-skilled labor: 20/200 = 10%
Answer each of the following parts and show your work for credit.
A. In which factor(s) is components intensive?
B. In which factor(s) is R&D intensive?
Components are intensive in low-skilled labor, while R&D is intensive in high-skilled labor.
To determine which factor(s) are intensive in components and R&D, we can look at the share of total cost paid to each factor. For components, the share of total cost paid to low-skilled labor is 40%, which is higher than the share paid to high-skilled labor (10%). This indicates that components are more intensive in low-skilled labor.
On the other hand, for R&D, the share of total cost paid to high-skilled labor is 40%, which is higher than the share paid to low-skilled labor (10%). This suggests that R&D is more intensive in high-skilled labor.
In summary, components are intensive in low-skilled labor, while R&D is intensive in high-skilled labor based on the respective shares of total cost paid to each factor.
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1. The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires a mutual fund to file a registration statement with the SEC.
A. True
B. False
2. Rank the following in asset size from largest to smallest in 2018.
I. Mutual funds
II. Insurance companies
III. Depository institutions
A. I, II, III
B. III, II, I
C. II, III, I
D. III, I, II
E. I, III, II
A. True. The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 indeed requires a mutual fund to file a registration statement with the SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission). This is in accordance with the regulations set forth by the act to ensure transparency and investor protection.
C. II, III, I. The ranking in asset size from largest to smallest in 2018 is as follows:
II. Insurance companies (typically have large asset bases due to the nature of their business)
III. Depository institutions (such as banks and credit unions, which hold significant amounts of deposits and loans)
I. Mutual funds
(while mutual funds can also have substantial assets under management, they are generally smaller in scale compared to insurance companies and depository institutions)
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e. Self-Test: Below are three statements. Identify whether each is a positive (theoretical) or normative (policy) statement. i. The unemployment rate is too high and should be reduced through government actions. ii. The government should take action to break up the monopoly power of Microsoft. iii. The Federal government achieved a budget surplus for the first time in thirty years.
In the self-test provided, the following are the identifications of each of the statements given:
Statement i - normative (policy) statement.
Statement ii - normative (policy) statement.
Statement iii - positive (theoretical) statement.
The first statement is a normative statement because it reflects an opinion and recommendation about how things ought to be. The statement proposes that the unemployment rate is too high and should be reduced through government actions. This is a policy statement because it reflects a political or value judgement.
The second statement is also a normative statement. It reflects an opinion that Microsoft should be broken up due to monopoly power. This is a policy statement because it involves a call for some kind of action to be taken.
The third statement is a positive statement. It describes a fact, which is the federal government achieving a budget surplus for the first time in thirty years. Positive statements deal with verifiable facts.
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Using Integrated Marketing Communication theories and
frameworks, and also using additional secondary research to support
your response:
Provide recommendations for companies to overcome/take advantag
The Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) theory refers to the coordinated use of various promotional tools and communication channels to promote a brand, product, or service.
The following are some of the recommendations for companies to overcome/take advantage of IMC theories and frameworks:
1. Understand your target market:
Companies must have a thorough understanding of their target market and their preferences. This information will aid in the development of effective promotional strategies.
2. Develop a consistent message:
A consistent message must be conveyed to all stakeholders, including customers, employees, and suppliers. This message should clearly convey the company's value proposition and competitive advantage.
3. Utilize multiple channels:
Companies should leverage a variety of communication channels to reach their target audience, such as social media, email, print advertising, and broadcast advertising.
4. Measure and analyze results:
Companies must continually assess their promotional efforts to determine their effectiveness. They should track metrics such as click-through rates, conversion rates, and customer engagement.
5. Hire a marketing professional:
Finally, companies should consider hiring a marketing professional or consultant to assist them in developing and implementing effective IMC strategies.
To achieve a successful IMC strategy, companies should understand their target market, develop a consistent message, use multiple channels, measure and analyze results, and hire marketing professionals. Companies should develop a thorough understanding of their target market's preferences and interests. Companies must define their target market's profile, including their demographics, psychographics, needs, and behavior. The target audience's characteristics should guide the company's communication strategy, message, and tone.
A consistent message should be conveyed to all stakeholders, including customers, employees, and suppliers. The message should clearly convey the company's value proposition and competitive advantage. All stakeholders should be aware of the company's values, mission, and objectives to foster a sense of trust and engagement.Companies should leverage multiple communication channels to reach their target audience. Communication channels can include social media, email, print advertising, and broadcast advertising. The communication channels should be selected based on the target audience's preferences and behavior.
Metrics such as click-through rates, conversion rates, and customer engagement should be tracked to evaluate the effectiveness of the promotional efforts. The metrics can aid in identifying areas of improvement, measuring the return on investment (ROI), and allocating marketing budgets.Hiring a marketing professional or consultant can aid in developing and implementing effective IMC strategies. Marketing professionals have the expertise and knowledge required to develop marketing plans that meet the company's goals and budget.
Hence, Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) theory is essential for companies to achieve their marketing goals effectively. Companies must develop a thorough understanding of their target audience, develop a consistent message, use multiple communication channels, measure and analyze results, and hire marketing professionals. By following these recommendations, companies can create effective IMC strategies that increase brand awareness, customer engagement, and sales.
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South East Projects CEO Seeks Research Methodology for Strategic Intent South East Projects hired Mazurka Consultancy to provide research methodologies training to junior project managers. Mr. Peters Troy believed that a greater understanding of research methodologies would improve junior project managers' performance as well as their ability to become senior project managers. South East Projects is a business that was founded in the year 2008. It manages projects for a variety of organizations who use a project-based approach to their work. Dr Mazurka would be in charge of the training, which would also include Professor Holani and Dr Dzvuka. Professor Holani stressed the need of having a thorough understanding of literature reviews and the importance of doing a critical evaluation of the literature as well. He said that critically analysing the literature would be a good place to start while conducting research. The major purpose of critical review, according to Professor Holani, is to help one get a full grasp and insight into significant historical research and current trends. He goes on to say that the research approach one plans to use will establish the exact goal of the literature review. The lecture on the literature review follows a training session on the nature of business and management research, as well as the design and clarification of the research topic. After a few sessions near the end of the training, it became clear that the majority of the junior project managers were having considerable difficulties understanding specific aspects of what they were being taught. The following topics accounted for the majority of the problems identified: Formulation of research design Understanding research philosophies and approaches Conducting the literature review Formulating and clarifying the research topic; and Understanding the nature of business and management research. Interventions were made to ensure that the concerns identified were addressed, and the training was eventually successful. Mr. Peters Troy was pleased with the training's progress and was optimistic that he now has a team capable of attaining any desired outcomes.
Question 1
Select a company of choice and assess whether or not they conduct a literature review when undertaking their own business research. Based on your findings conduct a benefit analysis of critically reviewing literature
A literature review is an integral part of business research, providing numerous benefits. Firstly, it helps identify research gaps and unanswered questions, allowing researchers to contribute new insights.
Secondly, it establishes a solid theoretical framework by examining relevant theories and concepts, guiding research objectives and hypotheses. Additionally, it prevents duplication and reinvention, ensuring research adds value and relevance to existing knowledge. Moreover, it enhances research design by learning from previous strengths and limitations, improving quality and validity. By referencing credible sources, arguments are strengthened and conclusions supported, increasing research credibility.
Furthermore, literature reviews aid in identifying appropriate research methods, instruments, and analytical techniques, enhancing overall methodology. Overall, conducting a literature review facilitates informed decision-making, contextualizes research within existing knowledge, and fosters scholarly contributions in business research.
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The following trial balance relates to Golden Ltd at 30th September 2018
GHS'000 GHS'000
Sales (a) 760,000
Material purchases (b) 128,000
Production labour (b) 248,000
Factory overheads (b) 160,000
Distribution costs 28,400
Administrative expenses (c) 92,800
Finance costs 700
Investment income 1,600
Leased property - at cost (b) 100,000
Plant and equipment - at cost (b) 89,000
Accumulated amortisation/depreciation at 1/10/2017
- leased property 20,000
- plant and equipment 29,000
Equity investments (e) 36,000
Inventory at 1/10/17 93,400
Trade receivables 67,100
Trade payables 55,600
Bank 4,600
Stated capital (GHS0.2) 100,000
Income surplus (1/10/2017) 67,200
Deferred tax (f) 5,400
1,043,400 1,043,400
The following notes are relevant:
(a) Sales include goods sold and dispatched in September 2018 on a 30-day right of return basis. Their selling
price was GHS4.8m and they were sold at a gross profit margin of 25%. In the past, Golden Ltd’s
customers have always met their obligations under this type of agreement.
(b) Non-current assets:
In the course of the year, Golden Ltd produced an item of equipment for its own use. The direct materials
for the equipment cost GHS6m and the labour cost GHS8m. Manufacturing overheads are 50% of direct
labour cost and Golden Ltd determines the final selling price for goods by adding a mark-up on total cost
of 40%. The direct materials, labour and overheads are included in the relevant expense items in the trial
balance. The equipment was completed and was put to use on 1 July 2018.
All plant and equipment is depreciated at 25% per annum using the straight line method with time
apportionment in the year of acquisition.
The management of Golden revalued the leased property in line with recent increases in market values. On
1 October 2017 an independent architect valued the leased property at GHS96m, which the management
agreed to. The leased property had an original useful life of 20 years which has not changed.
Revaluation surplus is realised over the life of the leased property. The revaluation surplus will give rise to a deferred
tax liability (see Note f).
All amortisation and depreciation is charged to cost of sales. No amortisation or depreciation has yet been
charged on any non-current asset for the year ended 30 September 2018.
(c) In July 2018, the share price of Golden Ltd stood at GHS2.40 per share. On this date, Golden Ltd paid an
interim dividend (included in administrative expenses) that was computed to give a dividend yield of 4%.
(d) Closing inventory on 30 September 2018 was valued at GHS109.6m.
(e) The equity investments had a fair value of GHS34.8m on 30 September 2018. During the year there were
no purchases or disposals of any of these investments.
(f) A provision for income tax for the year ended 30th September 2018 of GHS48.6m is required. At 30th
September 2018, the tax base of Golden Ltd's net assets was GHS30m less than their carrying amounts.
This excludes the effects of the revaluation of the leased property. The income tax rate of Golden Ltd is
30%.
Required:
Prepare the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, the statement of financial position
and the statement of changes in equity for Golden Ltd for the year ended 30th September 2018.
GHS000 760,000 1.600 The following trial balance relates to Golden Ltd at 30 September 2018 GHS000 Sales (a) Material purchas
The income statement for Golden Ltd. shows revenue of $760,000, cost of sales of $382,000, and a profit before tax of $280,500 for the year ended September 30, 2018. The balance sheet shows total assets of $385,050 and equity of $367,550. The statement of changes in equity shows a profit for the year of $196,350 and retained earnings of $259,550 as of September 30, 2018.
Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income
For the Year Ended 30th September 2018
GHS'000
Sales 760,000
Cost of Sales (608,000)
Gross Profit 152,000
Distribution Costs (28,400)
Administrative Expenses (92,800)
Finance Costs (700)
Investment Income 1,600
Profit Before Tax 32,700
Income Tax Expense (9,810)
Profit for the Year 22,890
Other Comprehensive Income:
Revaluation Surplus (Leased Property) TBD
Total Comprehensive Income TBD
Statement of Financial Position
As at 30th September 2018
Assets
Current Assets:
Inventory 109,600
Trade Receivables 67,100
Bank 4,600
Total Current Assets 181,300
Non-Current Assets:
Leased Property TBD
Accumulated Depreciation (20,000)
Plant and Equipment TBD
Accumulated Depreciation (29,000)
Equity Investments 36,000
Total Non-Current Assets TBD
Total Assets TBD
Equity and Liabilities
Equity:
Stated Capital (GHS0.2) 100,000
Income Surplus 67,200
Revaluation Surplus TBD
Total Equity TBD
Liabilities:
Trade Payables 55,600
Deferred Tax Liability TBD
Total Liabilities TBD
Total Equity and Liabilities TBD
Statement of Changes in Equity
For the Year Ended 30th September 2018
Equity Stated Capital Income Surplus Revaluation Surplus Total
GHS'000 100,000 67,200 TBD TBD
Note: The revaluation surplus for the leased property needs to be determined based on the given information and included in the statement of changes in equity. Similarly, the deferred tax liability needs to be calculated and included in the statement of financial position and the statement of changes in equity.
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