The paper should include the identification and rationale for two influential leadership strengths, reflections on possible fatal flaws, completed during the class, and other important lessons learned.
The assignment provides an opportunity for class members to reflect on their understanding of leadership and their own leadership abilities. Each person is required to identify and explain two of their most influential leadership strengths, providing a rationale for their choices. Reflecting on possible fatal flaws allows individuals to critically assess areas where they may need improvement in their leadership style or behavior.
The discussion of at least three influential assessments completed during the class encourages class members to reflect on their self-insights and the feedback received through the assessments. These assessments may provide valuable information about their leadership strengths, weaknesses, and areas for growth.
The assignment also encourages class members to share any other important lessons learned throughout the course. This allows individuals to integrate their knowledge and experiences, providing a comprehensive understanding of leadership and personal growth as a leader.
Overall, the assignment serves as a platform for class members to synthesize their understanding of leadership, evaluate their own leadership abilities, and reflect on their growth throughout the course. It promotes self-reflection, critical thinking, and the application of learned concepts in the context of leadership development.
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A worker's utility depends on her consumption level and her leisure time L according to the utility function: U(CL) = 2CL which implies that the marginal utility of leisure time is 2C and the marginal utility of consumption is 21. The hourly wage is 8 and the worker receives 150 non-labor income. There are 110 hours in a week to be distributed between work and leisure time. A. Determine the worker's optimal number of hours worked B. Suppose that the government is introducing the following policy mix: levies a 20% tax on the labor income and pays 100 to everybody, independently of work status. Theoretically, what are the different effects of this policy on the labor supply of the individual? C. Compute the worker's labor supply after the policy is introduced. Which effect dominates?
A. The worker's optimal number of hours worked is 60 hours.
B. The policy mix of a 20% tax on labor income and a $100 payment to everyone would theoretically decrease the individual's labor supply.
C. After the policy is introduced, the worker's labor supply decreases due to the combined effect of the tax and the income payment.
A. To determine the worker's optimal number of hours worked, The worker's optimal consumption level is 84. The worker's optimal number of hours worked is 110 - L, where L represents leisure time.
2(84) = 21(110 - L), 168 = 2310 - 21L
21L = 2310 - 168
21L = 2142
L = 102
Therefore, the worker's optimal number of hours worked is 110 - 102 = 8 hours.
B. The tax on labor income would reduce the net wage received by the worker, making work less attractive. The $100 payment, regardless of work status, provides an additional income that reduces the necessity to work for monetary rewards. These combined effects would theoretically decrease the individual's labor supply.
C. After the policy is introduced, the worker's labor supply decreases. The tax on labor income reduces the net wage, making work less rewarding. Additionally, the $100 payment provides an alternative source of income that reduces the need to work for monetary gains. Both factors contribute to a decrease in labor supply.
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Please discuss impact on the dispatch rules on the operation
performance and relate back to Operations Strategy being discussed
in early weeks of the course.
The dispatch rules in operations management have a significant impact on operational performance.
These rules determine the order in which tasks or jobs are assigned to resources or workstations within a production system. The choice of dispatch rules directly affects factors such as throughput, efficiency, resource utilization, and overall system performance. In the context of operations strategy, dispatch rules play a crucial role in determining how effectively and efficiently resources are allocated to meet production goals and objectives.
Dispatch rules can impact operational performance in several ways. Firstly, the choice of dispatch rules affects throughput and cycle time. Certain rules, such as First Come First Serve (FCFS), prioritize jobs based on their arrival time. This may result in longer cycle times if high-priority or time-sensitive jobs get delayed behind a queue of lower-priority jobs. On the other hand, rules like Shortest Processing Time (SPT) prioritize jobs based on their processing time, which can lead to shorter cycle times and higher throughput.
Secondly, dispatch rules impact resource utilization. Rules like Highest Available Capacity (HAC) allocate jobs to resources with the highest capacity, ensuring efficient utilization of resources. This can result in higher productivity and overall system efficiency. Conversely, rules like Least Slack Time (LST) allocate jobs to resources with the least slack time, which helps balance workloads and prevent bottlenecks.
In the context of operations strategy, dispatch rules are aligned with the broader strategic goals of the organization. For example, if the focus of the operations strategy is on delivering orders quickly, a dispatch rule prioritizing urgent orders or those with tight delivery deadlines can be implemented. On the other hand, if the strategy is centered around cost efficiency, dispatch rules that optimize resource utilization and minimize idle time may be preferred.
Overall, the choice of dispatch rules has a direct impact on operational performance and should be aligned with the goals and objectives of the operations strategy. By selecting appropriate dispatch rules, organizations can optimize throughput, cycle time, resource utilization, and overall system performance, thereby supporting the achievement of their strategic goals.
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In the real world of business, delays happen, financial problems can crop up, and other unexpected events can occur. Therefore, a principal owes a duty to ________ the agent for any losses the agent suffers because of the principal. This duty usually arises where an agent is held liable for the principal's misconduct.*
a) ratify
b)indemnify
c) vilify
d)rectify
The correct answer is b) indemnify. In the real world of business, a principal owes a duty to indemnify the agent for any losses the agent suffers because of the principal.
Indemnification means compensating or reimbursing someone for losses or damages incurred.
It is a way of protecting the agent from the consequences of the principal's actions or misconduct. By indemnifying the agent, the principal takes responsibility for any financial harm caused to the agent as a result of their relationship or the principal's actions.
This duty is often outlined in contracts or legal agreements between the principal and agent to ensure fairness and protection for both parties.
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Which of the followings are correct regarding choice screen auctions?
i) Per appearance auction results in higher likelihood that the dominant platform be chosen by the users.
ii) Per install auction results in higher likelihood that the dominant platform be chosen by the users.
iii) Per appearance auction favors search engines that generate higher revenue per user instead of that are more popular but generate less revenue.
iv) Per install auction favors search engines that generate higher revenue per user instead of that are more popular but generate less revenue.
a. (ii) and (iii) only
b. (ii) and (iv) only
c. (i) and (iv)
d. (i) and (iii) only
The correct option regarding choice screen auctions is (b) (ii) and (iv) only.
Choice screen auctions are mechanisms used by platforms or search engines to allocate slots or positions to different providers or applications. These auctions determine the order in which providers appear on a choice screen and aim to provide fair and competitive opportunities for different providers.
(i) Per appearance auction results in higher likelihood that the dominant platform be chosen by the users. - This statement is incorrect. Per appearance auctions allocate positions based on the number of appearances or impressions, rather than the dominant platform. It does not necessarily favor the dominant platform but provides an opportunity for all providers to be displayed.
(ii) Per install auction results in higher likelihood that the dominant platform be chosen by the users. - This statement is correct. Per install auctions allocate positions based on the number of installations or downloads. In this type of auction, the dominant platform, which is likely to have more installations, has a higher likelihood of being chosen by users.
(iii) Per appearance auction favors search engines that generate higher revenue per user instead of those that are more popular but generate less revenue. - This statement is incorrect. Per appearance auctions are based on the number of appearances, not revenue per user. It aims to provide equal visibility to different providers, regardless of their revenue per user.
(iv) Per install auction favors search engines that generate higher revenue per user instead of those that are more popular but generate less revenue. - This statement is correct. Per install auctions allocate positions based on the number of installations or downloads. Providers that generate higher revenue per user are likely to have more installations, giving them a higher likelihood of being chosen by users.
Therefore, the correct options are (ii) and (iv) only.
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If the budget equation is the following 19529 x₁ + 9443 x2 = 15714. What is the maximum amount of x2 that the consumer can buy?
The maximum amount of x2 that the consumer can buy is 1.6674, assuming x1 = 0.
Given the equation:
19529 x₁ + 9443 x2 = 15714
To find the maximum amount of x2 that the consumer can buy, we have to solve for x2
Step 1:Let's move the 19529x₁ to the right-hand side by subtracting from both sides:
9443x2 = 15714 - 19529x₁
Step 2:To get x2 alone, we divide by 9443 on both sides:
x2 = (15714 - 19529x₁) / 9443
Step 3:If the maximum amount of x2 that the consumer can buy, then x1 should be 0.
This is because if x₁ has any value, it will consume some of the budget, and less x2 can be purchased.
To find the maximum value of x2, we put x₁ = 0 in the above equation:
x2 = (15714 - 19529(0)) / 9443 = 1.6674
Therefore, the maximum amount of x2 that the consumer can buy is 1.6674, assuming x1 = 0.
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AT&T is scheduled to instal digital cable at 6391 San Antonio area homes in January and February. The installation charge is 505 per home. The terms require payment within 30 days of instalation AT&T completed 4720 instaliations described in above in January, the rest were completed in February AT&T received 97042 payment from customers for the January installations described above. What is the revenue that will be recognized in January AT&T uses the accrual method of accounting?
The revenue that will be recognized in January is $2,384,600. To determine the revenue that will be recognized in January using the accrual method of accounting. Here's how we can calculate it:
Step 1: Calculate the total revenue from installations completed in January:
Total revenue = Number of installations completed in January * Installation charge per home
Total revenue = 4,720 * $505 = $2,383,600
Step 2: Calculate the portion of revenue that will be recognized in January:
To determine the revenue that will be recognized in January, we need to consider the payments received within the same period. Since AT&T received $97,042 in payment for the January installations, we can recognize that amount as revenue in January.
Therefore, the revenue that will be recognized in January for the installations completed in January is $97,042.
It's important to note that the revenue recognized in January may not match the total revenue from installations completed in January since some payments may have been received after the 30-day payment window, and thus, will be recognized in subsequent periods.
Therefore, the revenue that will be recognized in January is $2,384,600.
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H Price in dollars MC-MSC 25 K: 20 15 10 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Smoke detectors (millions per year) Refer the the graph above to answer the following quesitons: a. Is this graph representating a positive or negative externality Explain how you know. (1 points) b. What is the SOCIALLY OPTIMAL price and quantity of this product when the externality is taken into account? (1 points) c. What are some ways that policy makers could step in and address the externality represented in the graph?
a. The graph represents a negative externality because the marginal cost (MC) of producing the good is less than the marginal social cost (MSC), which indicates that the negative externalities of the good have not been taken into account.
b. When the externality is taken into account, the socially optimal price and quantity of this product is where the marginal social cost (MSC) equals the marginal social benefit (MSB). In this case, the socially optimal quantity is 8 million smoke detectors per year, and the socially optimal price is $10 per smoke detector.
c. Policymakers could intervene in a number of ways to address the externality depicted in the graph. One approach is to impose a tax on the production or consumption of smoke detectors, which would increase the cost of producing the good and reduce the quantity produced. Another option is to set a limit on the quantity of smoke detectors that can be produced, which would reduce the quantity of the good produced and increase its price. Alternatively, policymakers could provide subsidies or tax incentives to companies that produce smoke detectors with lower negative externalities.
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The records of Gemology, Inc., included the following information: Total assets, January 1, 2015 Total assets, December 31, 2015 Net sales Gross margin Net income $125,000 75,000 850,000 300,000 400,000 Question 1 of 1 The company's total asset turnover is closest to
The total asset turnover can be calculated by dividing the net sales of the company by the average total assets of the company. We have the data of total assets of the company at the beginning of the year and at the end of the year.
So, the average total assets of the company can be calculated by adding total assets of the beginning of the year and total assets at the end of the year and dividing the sum by 2.
Average total assets = ($125,000 + $75,000) / 2
= $100,000Now, the total asset turnover can be calculated by dividing the net sales of the company by average total assets. Total asset turnover
= Net sales / Average total assets
= $850,000 / $100,000
= 8.5So, the company's total asset turnover is 8.5.
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In Bill’s product workshop, a particular job, known as SG45, consumed £9,300 of materials, and incurred 80 hours of direct labour, as well as 40 machine-hours, during November 20X3. The relevant total production data during November 20X3 were as follows. Production department Direct wages (£) 240,000 Budgeted overheads chargeable (£) 180,000 Direct labour hours worked 12,000 Machine hours operated 6,000 Required: Calculate, to the nearest £, the total production cost of job SG45 if overheads are absorbed on the basis of machine-hours
Calculation of total production cost of job SG45 if overheads are absorbed on the basis of machine-hours is given below;
Overhead absorption rate = Budgeted overheads chargeable / Machine hours operated= £180,000 / 6,000 hours= £30/hour Direct labour cost = Direct labour hours worked × Direct wages per hour= 12,000 × £20= £240,000Machine cost = Machine hours × Overhead absorption rate per hour= 40 × £30= £1,200
Material cost = £9,300Total production cost of job SG45= Direct labour cost + Machine cost + Material cost= £240,000 + £1,200 + £9,300= £250,500Therefore, the total production cost of job SG45 if overheads are absorbed on the basis of machine-hours is £250,500.
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Ouellette & Associates began operations on January 1, 2021. Its fiscal year end is December 31 and it prepares financial statements and adjusts its accounts annually. Selected transactions for 2021 follow: 1. On January 10, bought office supplies for $3,600 cash. A physical count at December 31, 2021, revealed $ 840 of supplies still on hand. 2. Paid cash for a $ 8,340, one-year insurance policy on February 1. The policy came into effect on this date. 3. On March 31, purchased equipment for $ 21,120 cash. The equipment has an estimated eight-year useful life. 4. Rented office space on September 1 for a one-year period for $540 per month. Paid annual rent of $ 6,480 in cash. 5. On October 15, received a $ 1,755 advance cash payment from a client for accounting services expected to be provided in the future. As at December 31, one third of these services had not been performed. 6. On November 1, rented out unneeded office space for a six-month period starting on this date, and received a $ 1,755 cheque for the first three months' rent.
To analyze the transactions for Ouellette & Associates in 2021:
The purchase of office supplies for $3,600 on January 10 is recorded as an expense. However, at the end of the year, $840 worth of supplies remains on hand and should be considered an asset.
The cash payment of $8,340 on February 1 for a one-year insurance policy is recorded as a prepaid expense. It will be gradually recognized as an expense over the course of the year.
The cash purchase of equipment for $21,120 on March 31 is recorded as a long-term asset, with an estimated useful life of eight years.
The cash payment of $6,480 on September 1 for a one-year rental of office space is recorded as a prepaid expense. It will be recognized as an expense over the rental period.
The advance cash payment of $1,755 on October 15 for accounting services expected to be provided in the future is recorded as unearned revenue. As of December 31, one third of the services remains unearned.
The receipt of a $1,755 check on November 1 for renting out unneeded office space for a six-month period is recorded as rental revenue.
These transactions reflect the appropriate recording of expenses, assets, and revenues in Ouellette & Associates' financial statements for the year 2021.
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does that comes in handy in your opinion? 3. Can we say that a manager is the strategist of the company? And how often as a manager have you had to make decisions on strategy formulation and implementation?
In my opinion, understanding strategy and being able to contribute to strategic decision-making is beneficial for a manager, regardless of their specific role within the company.
While it may not be the sole responsibility of a manager to develop the overall corporate strategy, being familiar with strategic concepts and contributing to the strategy formulation process can enhance their effectiveness in managing their respective teams or departments.
A manager plays a crucial role in implementing the company's strategy within their area of responsibility. They translate the broader strategic objectives into actionable plans, allocate resources, set goals, and monitor progress towards achieving strategic targets. By aligning their team's efforts with the overall strategy, managers ensure that the organization moves in the intended direction.
However, it's important to note that strategy formulation and implementation are typically collaborative efforts involving multiple stakeholders, including executives, senior leaders, and cross-functional teams. While managers are involved in decision-making and implementation, they often work alongside others in the organization to develop and execute strategic initiatives.
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briefly discuss both management’s as well as the auditor’s responsibility as it relates to discovering fraud within an organization.
Management and auditor responsibilities regarding discovering fraud within an organization. Both the management and auditor are responsible for discovering fraud within an organization. The management is responsible for ensuring that the organizational environment is conducive for the prevention and detection of fraud. On the other hand, the auditor is responsible for providing an independent assessment of the organization's internal controls and processes in place to prevent and detect fraud.
Managements' responsibilities in discovering fraud within an organization:Management has a significant responsibility when it comes to detecting fraud. They must create a strong control environment within the organization that would help detect and prevent fraud. The management should develop an ethical culture within the organization, promote communication and training of all stakeholders, and ensure that appropriate systems and controls are implemented in the organization to prevent and detect fraud. Management must create a strong internal control structure within the organization to help detect and prevent fraud. This can be done by establishing an internal audit function and creating policies and procedures to guide employees on the ethical conduct of business.Auditors' responsibilities in discovering fraud within an organization:Auditors have the responsibility of providing an independent assessment of the internal controls of an organization. Auditors are required to have a deep understanding of the nature of fraud, the types of fraud, and the potential risks that may be associated with fraud. An auditor's primary responsibility is to detect fraud, either material or immaterial, and provide an opinion on the truth and fairness of the financial statements. Auditors can detect fraud by testing internal controls, conducting analytical procedures, and testing for specific fraud risks.They should also assess the risk of material misstatement due to fraud when planning the audit and perform the audit procedures designed to detect material misstatements due to fraud.For such more questions on organization
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Payments received by the owner of a tax qualified variable annuity are:
A. 100% taxable as investment income
B. only taxable to the extent of earnings above the holder's cost basis
C. only taxable to the extent of the holder's cost basis
D. non-taxable
The correct option is B, only taxable to the extent of earnings above the holder's cost basis. A tax qualified variable annuity provides the investor with a tax-deferred investment. The payments received by the owner of a tax-qualified variable annuity are only taxable to the extent of earnings above the holder's cost basis.
Explanation:Variable annuities are financial products that provide investors with tax-deferred growth on their investments. They provide tax benefits in the long run and provide a higher return on investment. A variable annuity has a death benefit feature, which allows the beneficiary to receive payments in case of the death of the investor.The payments received by the owner of a tax-qualified variable annuity are only taxable to the extent of earnings above the holder's cost basis.
The cost basis of the investor is the amount they have invested in the variable annuity. Any earnings made on the investment are taxed, but only to the extent that the earnings exceed the investor's cost basis. Therefore, only the earnings portion of the variable annuity payments is taxable.The tax treatment of variable annuities is complicated. The investment's tax treatment is based on how the payments are made, the source of the funds used to purchase the variable annuity, and the distribution method used. In general, the investor must pay taxes on their gains when they withdraw money from a variable annuity.
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"Future-proofing sustainable recovery and sustainable development is only possible when sound environmental responses, plans and policies are given the importance they deserve." (UNEP, 2020).
Discuss how Small Island Developing States (SIDS), such as Mauritius, can strike the balance between economic development and social/environmental objectives
Striking a balance between economic development and social/environmental objectives in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) like Mauritius requires integrated planning and sustainable policies.
SIDS can achieve this by adopting a holistic approach that recognizes the interdependencies between economic, social, and environmental aspects. SIDS like Mauritius can implement strategies that promote sustainable economic growth while preserving their unique natural resources and cultural heritage. This can be done by diversifying the economy through sectors that align with sustainable development, such as renewable energy, eco-tourism, and sustainable agriculture. By investing in these sectors, SIDS can create job opportunities, boost income, and enhance social well-being while minimizing negative environmental impacts.
Additionally, SIDS can prioritize the conservation and management of their natural resources, including marine ecosystems and biodiversity. This can be achieved through the establishment of protected areas, sustainable fisheries management, and promoting sustainable practices in sectors such as waste management and land use. Engaging local communities, indigenous peoples, and stakeholders in decision-making processes is crucial to ensure that social and environmental concerns are addressed.
By embracing sustainable development principles, SIDS like Mauritius can effectively balance economic growth with social and environmental objectives, ensuring a resilient and prosperous future for their people and ecosystems.
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Read the scenario below.
2- Answer the questions.
Scenario:
You are the top managers in charge of a chain of stores selling high-quality, high-priced men’s and women’s clothing. Store sales are flat, and you are increasingly concerned that the clothing your stores offer to customers is failing to satisfy changing customer needs.
You think that the purchasing managers are failing to spot changing fads and fashions in time, and you believe store management is not doing enough to communicate to purchasing managers what customers are demanding. You want to revitalize your organization’s product development process, which, in the case of your stores, means designing, selecting, and stocking the products that customers want.
Questions:
A- Outline the way you will create a program to increase creativity and intrapreneurship at the store and corporate level. For example, how will you encourage input from employees and customers, and who will be responsible for managing the program?
B- How will you make use of IT and organizational structure to facilitate the innovation process?
To increase creativity and intrapreneurship at the store and corporate level, a program can be created that encourages input from employees and customers.
This program can involve various initiatives such as suggestion boxes, regular brainstorming sessions, employee innovation competitions, and customer feedback mechanisms. The responsibility for managing the program can be assigned to a dedicated innovation team or department, which will oversee the implementation of creative ideas, monitor progress, and facilitate collaboration across different levels and departments within the organization. To facilitate the innovation process, IT and organizational structure can play vital roles. Information technology can be utilized to collect and analyze customer data, trends, and preferences, enabling the organization to stay updated with changing fads and fashion. This can involve implementing customer relationship management (CRM) systems, social media listening tools, and data analytics platforms. Moreover, the organizational structure can be designed to foster cross-functional collaboration and communication.
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Consider the following cost information for a pizzeria:
Quantity: 0 dozens pizzas, 1,2,3,4,5,6
Total cost: $300,$350,$390,$420,$450,$490,$540
Variable cost: $0,$50,$90,$120,$150,$190,$240
a. What is the pizzeria's fixed cost?
b. Construct a table in which you calculate the marginal cost per dozen pizzas using the information on total cost. Also, calculate the marginal cost per dozen pizzas using the information on variable cost. What is the relationship between these sets of numbers?
(a) The pizzeria's fixed cost is $300.
(b) The relationship between the marginal cost per dozen pizzas calculated using total cost and variable cost is that they are the same since fixed costs do not change with the level of production.
(a) To determine the fixed cost, we look at the total cost when the quantity of pizzas is 0 dozen. In this case, the total cost is $300, which represents the fixed cost component.
(b) To calculate the marginal cost per dozen pizzas, we find the difference in total cost or variable cost between consecutive quantities and divide it by the change in quantity.
Using the information on total cost:
Marginal Cost = (Total Cost[i] - Total Cost[i-1]) / (Quantity[i] - Quantity[i-1])
Using the information on variable cost:
Marginal Cost = (Variable Cost[i] - Variable Cost[i-1]) / (Quantity[i] - Quantity[i-1])
Constructing a table with the given information, we find that both sets of marginal cost per dozen pizzas are equal at every quantity level. This occurs because fixed costs do not change with the quantity of pizzas produced. Therefore, the relationship between the marginal cost per dozen pizzas calculated using total cost and variable cost is one of equivalence, reflecting the fact that changes in quantity only affect the variable cost component while fixed costs remain constant.
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The pizzeria's fixed cost is $300. The marginal cost per dozen pizzas, calculated using either total cost or variable cost, is $50, $40, $30, $30, $40, $50, evidencing that these calculations yield the same results.
Explanation:a. The pizzeria's fixed cost can be determined by subtracting the variable cost from the total cost when no pizzas are made. This gives us: $300 - $0 = $300, so the fixed cost for the pizzeria is $300.
b. To calculate the marginal cost per dozen pizzas, we need to know how the total cost changes with the production of one more dozen pizzas. Here're the calculations based on total cost and variable cost:
When increasing from 0 to 1 dozen, the total cost increases by $50. Therefore, the marginal cost per dozen pizzas is $50. The same principle is applied for the changes from 1 to 2 to 3 to 4 to 5 to 6 dozens. The marginal costs per dozen using total cost are: $40, $30, $30, $40, $50. The same calculations can be done using variable costs with the results being: $50, $40, $30, $30, $40, $50.
The relationship between these sets of numbers is that they're identical, which means that marginal cost per dozen pizzas is the same whether we calculate it using total cost or variable cost.
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in the short run,if marginal cost is greater than average total cost,which of the following must be true as production increases;
1.the marginal cost is decreasing
2.the average total cost is increasing
3.the marginal cost is less than average variable cost
4.the average total cost is decreasing
5.the average fixed cost is increasing
In the short run, if marginal cost is greater than average total cost, the average total cost must be increasing as production increases. The correct answer is option 2.
This is because the average total cost (ATC) is the sum of average variable cost (AVC) and average fixed cost (AFC). The relationship between ATC, AVC, AFC, and marginal cost (MC) can be expressed as follows: ATC = AFC + AVCMC = ΔTC / ΔQ, where TC is total cost and Q is quantity produced. In the short run, if MC is greater than ATC, it means that the cost of producing an additional unit is higher than the average cost of all units produced. This suggests that the cost per unit is increasing as production increases, which can be caused by diminishing marginal returns. Thus, the correct answer is option 2: the average total cost is increasing.
Option 1, the marginal cost is decreasing, is incorrect because it would imply that MC is below ATC, which contradicts the premise of the question. Option 3, the marginal cost is less than average variable cost, is also incorrect because it does not reflect the relationship between MC and ATC. Option 4, the average total cost is decreasing, is incorrect because it contradicts the premise of the question. Finally, option 5, the average fixed cost is increasing, is also incorrect because it is not related to the relationship between MC and ATC.
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Assume that you are a Management Negotiator and the union presents the following proposal. Any overtime assignment will be guaranteed a minimum of two hours at time-and-a-half the base hourly rate for the classification. Previously, employees working overtime received time-and-a-half pay for the hours they worked but no two-hour guarantee. Does the Union have the legal duty to bargain in "good faith" for the new overtime rate? Explain why legal duty to bargain in "good faith" appears to be the most important consideration in the collective bargaining process.
No, the Union does not have a legal duty to bargain in "good faith" for the new overtime rate.
In the scenario presented, the Union does not have a legal duty to bargain in "good faith" for the new overtime rate because the proposed change benefits the employees by guaranteeing a minimum of two hours at time-and-a-half pay for any overtime assignment.
Bargaining in "good faith" refers to the obligation of both parties, the employer and the union, to engage in sincere and honest negotiations with the intention of reaching a mutually acceptable agreement.
However, in this case, the proposed change by the union is more favorable for the employees, providing additional benefits compared to the previous arrangement. The legal duty to bargain in "good faith" is an important consideration in the collective bargaining process because it ensures fairness and transparency in negotiations, promotes collaboration, and protects the rights and interests of both parties.
By negotiating in "good faith," employers and unions can work towards mutually beneficial outcomes and maintain a positive labor-management relationship.
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types of business environments: differentiate between domestic and international business environments by defining and providing key characteristics of each type, using supporting evidence.
example organizations: identify examples of domestic and international organizations and explain how they meet the criteria for each type of organization, using supporting evidence.
benefits of expansion: explain the key benefits of international and global expansion for domestic businesses, providing specific examples and using supporting evidence.
ethical considerations: explain the role of ethics in making business decisions regarding expansion to a new market and how ethical decision-making frameworks can be used to help make these decisions. use supporting evidence as appropriate.
Domestic business environments focus on operating within a single country, adhering to local laws, and meeting the needs of the domestic market. International business environments involve conducting operations across national borders, dealing with diverse cultures and regulations, and serving customers in multiple countries.
International expansion offers benefits such as accessing new markets, diversification, and economies of scale.
Ethical considerations play a crucial role in making business decisions regarding expansion, including compliance with local laws, sustainable practices, and respecting local cultures and communities.
Business environments can be broadly classified into domestic and international categories based on the geographic scope of operations. Here are the key characteristics of each type:
Domestic Business Environment:
Domestic business environments refer to the operations and activities of a company within a single country.
Key characteristics include adherence to local laws and regulations, familiarity with the local culture, and a focus on meeting the needs of the domestic market.
Domestic organizations primarily operate within their home country and cater to the specific demands and preferences of local customers.
Example: Walmart is a prominent domestic organization in the United States. It operates thousands of stores within the country, tailoring its product offerings and marketing strategies to suit the preferences of American consumers.
International Business Environment:
International business environments involve conducting business activities across national borders, engaging in trade and investment with foreign countries.
Key characteristics include dealing with diverse cultures, navigating international laws and regulations, managing global supply chains, and adapting to different market conditions.
International organizations operate in multiple countries and serve customers from various cultural backgrounds.
Example: Coca-Cola is an international organization with operations in more than 200 countries. It adapts its products and marketing campaigns to suit the tastes and preferences of consumers in each country, making it a prominent player in the global beverage industry.
Benefits of International Expansion for Domestic Businesses:
Access to new markets and customers: Expanding internationally allows domestic businesses to tap into new customer bases, leading to increased revenue and growth opportunities.
Diversification and risk reduction: International expansion helps businesses diversify their operations geographically, reducing risks associated with dependence on a single market.
Economies of scale: Operating on a global scale enables businesses to achieve economies of scale through increased production volume, reduced costs, and enhanced competitiveness.
Example: Apple Inc., originally a domestic company based in the United States, expanded globally and now sells its products in various countries. This expansion has allowed Apple to access a broader customer base, diversify its revenue streams, and achieve economies of scale.
Ethical Considerations in Business Expansion:
Ethical decision-making in expansion involves considering the impact of business activities on various stakeholders, including local communities, employees, and the environment.
Businesses must respect local laws and regulations, ensure fair treatment of employees, engage in sustainable practices, and uphold ethical business conduct.
Ethical expansion involves conducting thorough research on local cultures and customs, engaging with local communities, and adapting business practices to align with local norms and values.
Example: When Starbucks expanded internationally, it prioritized ethical sourcing of coffee beans, community engagement programs, and fair treatment of workers. These practices helped the company build a positive reputation and fostered sustainable growth in new markets.
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An economist estimated the following linear demand function for Steve’s car fuel consumption: Q = 195 – 0.43P where Q represents the litres of fuel Steve consumes every month (in litres), and P represents the average price of this fuel over the month in cents per litre. If over a given month the average price of fuel is 130c per litre, predict the quantity of fuel Steve will demand in litres (to the nearest whole litre).
The quantity of fuel Steve will demand when the average price of fuel is 130c per litre (to the nearest whole litre) is 131 litres.
Step-by-step explanation: Given that the linear demand function for Steve’s car fuel consumption is given by;Q = 195 – 0.43Pwhere Q represents the litres of fuel Steve consumes every month (in litres), and P represents the average price of this fuel over the month in cents per litre.
When the average price of fuel is 130c per litre, we can substitute this value into the equation above to obtain the quantity of fuel Steve will demand. We have;Q = 195 – 0.43PQ = 195 – 0.43(130)Q = 195 – 55.9Q = 139.1Therefore, the quantity of fuel Steve will demand when the average price of fuel is 130c per litre (to the nearest whole litre) is 139 litres. However, since we are asked to round to the nearest whole litre, the answer is;Q = 139 ≈ 131 litres (rounded to the nearest whole litre)
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What are the designated groups in which employment equity promotes recruitment and retention of workers?
a.
women, visible minorities, First Nations peoples, and people with disabilities
b.
visible minorities, First Nations peoples, women, and unemployed workers
c.
First Nations people, people with disabilities, women, and international workers
d.
immigrants, First Nations people, unemployed minorities, and people with physical handicaps
The designated groups in which employment equity promotes recruitment and retention of workers are women, visible minorities, First Nations peoples, and people with disabilities.
Employment equity is a policy and practice aimed at ensuring fairness and equal opportunities in the workplace. It seeks to address historical disadvantages and systemic barriers faced by specific groups. The designated groups identified in option (a) align with the recognized categories under employment equity legislation and initiatives. Women, visible minorities (including racial and ethnic minorities), First Nations peoples (indigenous populations), and people with disabilities are considered designated groups because they have historically faced discrimination and underrepresentation in the workforce.
These designated groups are targeted for recruitment and retention efforts to promote diversity, inclusion, and equal representation within organizations. Employment equity measures may include implementing inclusive hiring practices, providing accommodations for individuals with disabilities, offering training and advancement opportunities, and fostering inclusive work environments. By actively promoting the recruitment and retention of workers from these designated groups, companies strive to create a more equitable and diverse workforce that reflects the broader society and provides equal opportunities for all individuals.
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If demand is ________ with respect to price, a price decrease will ________ total revenue.
Not enough information is provided.
elastic; decrease
inelastic; increase
elastic; increase
If demand is elastic with respect to price, a price decrease will increase total revenue. When demand is elastic with respect to price, it means that the percentage change in quantity demanded is greater than the percentage change in price.
In other words, a small change in price leads to a relatively larger change in quantity demanded.
When a price decrease occurs in an elastic demand scenario, it leads to a relatively larger increase in quantity demanded. As a result, the increase in quantity demanded outweighs the decrease in price, leading to an overall increase in total revenue. This is because the higher quantity sold at the lower price more than compensates for the decrease in price per unit.
The elasticity of demand plays a crucial role in determining the direction and magnitude of the revenue change. When demand is elastic, consumers are highly responsive to changes in price, and a price decrease stimulates a substantial increase in quantity demanded, resulting in higher total revenue.
In summary, if demand is elastic with respect to price, a price decrease will lead to an increase in total revenue. The responsiveness of consumers to price changes in elastic demand causes the quantity increase to outweigh the price decrease, resulting in a positive effect on overall revenue.
If demand is elastic with respect to price, a price decrease will result in an increase in total revenue. This is because the increase in quantity demanded due to the price decrease outweighs the decrease in price per unit, leading to a net gain in total revenue.
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Suppose that Big Bucks Bank has the simplified balance sheet shown below. The reserve ratio is 10 percent. Assets (1) (2) (1') (2¹) Liabilities and net worth Checkable deposits Reserves $ 23,000 $ 100,000 Securities 38,000 39,000 Loans Instructions: Enter your answers as a whole number. a. What is the maximum amount of new loans that Big Bucks Bank can make? Using the table above, show in columns 1 and 1' how the bank's balance sheet will appear after the bank has lent this additional amount by inserting the new values into the gray shaded cells of the given table. b. By how much has the money supply changed? c. How will the bank's balance sheet appear after checks drawn for the entire amount of the new loans have been cleared against the bank? Show the new balance sheet in columns 2 and 2' by inserting the new values into the gray shaded cells of the given table. d. Using the original figures, revisit questions a, b, and c based on the assumption that the reserve ratio is now 5 percent. Assets (3) (3¹) Liabilities and net worth Checkable deposits Reserves $ 23,000 $ 100,000 Securities Loans 38,000 39,000 What is the maximum amount of new loans that this bank can make? Show in columns 3 and 3' how the bank's balance sheet will appear after the bank has lent this additional amount. Add the new values into the gray shaded cells of the given table. By how much has the money supply changed? $ How will the bank's balance sheet appear after checks drawn for the entire amount of the new loans have been cleared against the bank? Show the new balance sheet in columns 4 and 4' in the table above. Add the new values into the gray shaded cells of the given table.
Given balance sheet of Big Bucks Bank:Assets (1) (2) (1') (2¹) Liabilities and net worth Checkable deposits Reserves $ 23,000 $ 100,000 Securities 38,000 39,000 LoansThe reserve ratio of the bank is 10%.a) The maximum amount of new loans that Big Bucks Bank can make is calculated below
Maximum amount of new loans = Checkable deposits × Reserve ratioMaximum amount of new loans = $23,000 × 0.1 = $2,300After lending the additional amount, the bank's balance sheet will appear as follows:Assets (1) (2) (1') (2¹) Liabilities and net worth Checkable deposits $ 23,000 $ 23,000 Reserves $ 100,000 $ 102,300 Securities 38,000 39,000 Loans $ 23,000 $ 25,300b) The money supply will change by the same amount as the new loans made, i.e., $2,300.c) After checks drawn for the entire amount of the new loans have been cleared against the bank, the new balance sheet will appear as follows:Assets (1) (2) (1') (2¹) Liabilities and net worth Checkable deposits $ 20,700 $ 20,700 Reserves $ 100,000 $ 100,000 Securities 38,000 39,000 Loans $ 23,000 $ 23,000The new amount of checkable deposits is calculated as follows:New amount of checkable deposits = Old checkable deposits − Amount of new loansNew amount of checkable deposits = $23,000 − $2,300 = $20,700d) If the reserve ratio of Big Bucks Bank is now 5%, then the balance sheet of the bank will appear as shown below:Assets (3) (3¹) Liabilities and net worth Checkable deposits $ 23,000 Reserves $ 50,000 Securities $ 38,000 Loans $ 39,000The maximum amount of new loans that the bank can make is calculated as follows:Maximum amount of new loans = Checkable deposits × Reserve ratioMaximum amount of new loans = $23,000 × 0.05 = $1,150After lending the additional amount, the bank's balance sheet will appear as follows:Assets (3) (3¹) Liabilities and net worth Checkable deposits $ 23,000 $ 24,150 Reserves $ 50,000 $ 51,150 Securities $ 38,000 $ 39,000 Loans $ 39,000 $ 40,150The money supply will change by the same amount as the new loans made, i.e., $1,150.After checks drawn for the entire amount of the new loans have been cleared against the bank, the new balance sheet will appear as follows:Assets (3) (3¹) Liabilities and net worth Checkable deposits $ 21,850 $ 21,850 Reserves $ 50,000 $ 50,000 Securities $ 38,000 $ 39,000 Loans $ 39,000 $ 39,000The new amount of checkable deposits is calculated as follows:New amount of checkable deposits = Old checkable deposits − Amount of new loansNew amount of checkable deposits = $23,000 − $1,150 = $21,850
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a. The maximum amount of new loans that Big Bucks Bank can make can be calculated by using the following formula. Maximum Amount of New Loans = Excess Reserves / Reserve Ratio.
where, Excess Reserves = Actual Reserves - Required Reserves.
The required reserves can be calculated by using the following formula: Required Reserves = Checkable Deposits × Reserve Ratio.
In the given problem, Checkable Deposits = $23,000,
Reserve Ratio = 10%, Actual Reserves = $100,000,
Required Reserves = $23,000 × 10% = $2,300,
Excess Reserves = Actual Reserves - Required Reserves= $100,000 - $2,300 = $97,700.
Maximum Amount of New Loans = Excess Reserves / Reserve Ratio= $97,700 / 10%= $977,000
After making the new loan, the bank's balance sheet will appear as follows: Assets (1) (2) (1') (2¹) Liabilities and net worth Checkable deposits $23,000 $23,000.
Reserves $100,000 $100,000.
Securities $38,000 $38,000.
Loans $977,000 $1,063,000.
b. The money supply has changed by $977,000.
c. After the checks drawn for the entire amount of the new loans have been cleared against the bank, the bank's balance sheet will appear as follows:
Assets (1) (2) (1') (2¹) Liabilities and net worth Checkable deposits $1,063,000 $86,000
Reserves $85,300 $14,700
Securities $38,000 $38,000
Loans $977,000 $977,000
d. If the reserve ratio is 5%, then,
Required Reserves = Checkable Deposits × Reserve Ratio= $23,000 × 5% = $1,150
Excess Reserves = Actual Reserves - Required Reserves= $100,000 - $1,150 = $98,850
Maximum Amount of New Loans = Excess Reserves / Reserve Ratio= $98,850 / 5%= $1,977,000
After making the new loan, the bank's balance sheet will appear as follows: Assets (3) (3¹) Liabilities and net worth Checkable deposits $23,000 Reserves $100,000
Securities $38,000
Loans $1,977,000
The money supply has changed by $1,977,000. After the checks drawn for the entire amount of the new loans have been cleared against the bank, the bank's balance sheet will appear as follows: Assets (3) (3¹) Liabilities and net worth Checkable deposits $1,977,000.
Reserves $99,350
Securities $38,000
Loans $1,977,000
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Costs that change across decision alternatives are: Multiple Choice O O O accounting costs. activity-based costs. differential costs. capital costs. The manager of Hampton, Inc. is trying to decide whether to make or buy a component of the product it sells. Which of the following costs and benefits is not relevant to the decision? Multiple Choice Direct labor cost involved in making the component The purchase price of the component if it is bought Variable manufacturing overhead involved in making the component The selling price of the product You wish to take an Excel course. You may enroll at one within your school or you may take a community class at the local library. You've gathered the following information to aid in your decision-making process. Costs/Benefits College Course Community Course $1,000 Cost $3,000 Distance to course 0.25 miles (walking distance) 15 miles (driving distance) Timing of course Weekday Weekend 16 8 Number of meetings Qualitative Convenience, quality of instruction Flexibility, brief duration considerations Which of the following is not relevant to the decision? Which of the following is not relevant to the decision? Multiple Choice O Enrollment cost Distance to course Perceived value of convenience Apartment rent
Costs that change across decision alternatives are differential costs. Differential costs refer to the difference between the costs of two alternative decisions.
This is the cost that would be incurred for one option that would not be incurred for another option. An elaborated answer that is more than 100 words explaining the question and its options is given below.
The manager of Hampton, Inc. is trying to determine if they should make or purchase a component of the product they are selling.
Various costs and benefits of making or buying the component need to be evaluated to make the best decision.Direct labor cost involved in making the component is relevant to the decision as it is the cost of the labor force used to manufacture the component.
If the component is made in-house, the cost of direct labor is incurred. On the other hand, if it is bought, this cost will be avoided.
Variable manufacturing overhead involved in making the component is also relevant as it is an additional cost incurred when the component is made in-house.
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Given the following parameters: Perfect Competition in Labour Market Perfect Competition in Output Market (Short Run) Wage = W = $10 Price = P = $20 Q = 6(L^0.5) Calculate the optimal amount of labour O a. 44 O b. 24 c. 32 d. 16 e. 36
To calculate the optimal amount of labor, we need to find the level of labor that maximizes the firm's profit. In perfect competition, profit is maximized when marginal cost equals marginal revenue, which is also equal to the wage rate.
The given production function is Q = 6(L^0.5), where Q represents output and L represents labor.
The marginal product of labor (MPL) is the derivative of the production function with respect to labor:
MPL = dQ/dL = 3(L^(-0.5))
The marginal cost (MC) is equal to the wage rate (W):
MC = W = $10
In perfect competition, the firm's revenue is equal to the price (P) multiplied by the quantity (Q):
Total revenue (TR) = P * Q = $20 * Q
The optimal amount of labor is determined by equating the marginal cost to the marginal revenue (MR), which is equal to the marginal product of labor multiplied by the price:
MR = MPL * P
Setting MC equal to MR, we have:
W = MPL * P
$10 = 3(L^(-0.5)) * $20
Simplifying the equation, we get:
0.5 / L^0.5 = 0.5
L^0.5 = 1
L = 1^2
L = 1
Therefore, the optimal amount of labor is 1. Since none of the given options match this result, it seems there might be an error in the provided options.
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How do your chinese cultural beliefs, values and experiences
affect your own behaviour, your relationships with others and your
social expectations of others from different cultures?
I can explain how someone's Chinese cultural beliefs and values might influence their behavior and relationships.
Chinese culture, with its emphasis on respect, family values, and harmony, can significantly affect individual behavior and expectations of others. Someone brought up in Chinese culture might show a deep respect towards elders and authority figures, as it's a fundamental value in Chinese society. This respect extends into their relationships, affecting how they interact with others. They might also value harmony, often prioritizing the group's interests over personal ones, influencing their social expectations. When interacting with people from different cultures, they might expect reciprocal respect and understanding.
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Suppose the production function is Cobb-Douglas f(x1, x2) = x1^1/2*x2^3/2.
a. Write the expression for the marginal product of x1 at the point (x1,x2).
The expression for the marginal product of x1 at the point (x1, x2) in the Cobb-Douglas production function f(x1, x2) = x1^(1/2) * x2^(3/2) is (1/2) * (x2^(3/2)) * (x1^(-1/2)).
The marginal product measures the rate of change in output with respect to a change in the input variable. In the Cobb-Douglas production function, to find the marginal product of x1 at the point (x1, x2), we need to take the partial derivative of the function with respect to x1.
Taking the partial derivative of f(x1, x2) = x1^(1/2) * x2^(3/2) with respect to x1 gives us:
∂f/∂x1 = (1/2) * (x2^(3/2)) * (x1^(-1/2))
This expression represents the marginal product of x1 at the given point. It shows the change in output resulting from a small change in the input x1, while keeping x2 constant.
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Consider the following two-person game. LCR S T 4,0 1,2 2,1 5,1 B 2,4 2,1 4,2 6,0 M 1,4 1,2 3,7 7,1 D 2,2 0,1 1,2 9,0 (a) (2 marks) Iteratively eliminate all strongly dominated actions of the players until no strongly dominated action is left. Which strategies left at the end of this elimination process? Show your work. [Note: We use the phrases "strongly" and "strictly" interchangeably for dominance relationship.] (b) (5 marks) Find all pure and mixed strategy Nash equilibria of this game. Show your work. [Hint: Note that any strategy that is strongly dominated in the iterative elimination process cannot be part of NE.]
(a) To iteratively eliminate strongly dominated actions, we compare the payoffs for each action against the payoffs of other available actions. If an action has a strictly lower payoff compared to another action, it is considered strongly dominated and can be eliminated.
In this game:
LCR S T 4,0 1,2 2,1 5,1 B 2,4 2,1 4,2 6,0 M 1,4 1,2 3,7 7,1 D 2,2 0,1 1,2 9,0
First, we eliminate strictly dominated actions for Player 1:
- In the second row, action B has a strictly higher payoff than action LCR for Player 1, so LCR is eliminated.
Next, we eliminate strictly dominated actions for Player 2:
- In the first column, action T has a strictly higher payoff than action S for Player 2, so S is eliminated.
The remaining strategies after the elimination process are:
Player 1: M, D
Player 2: T
(b) To find the pure and mixed strategy Nash equilibria (NE) of the game, we examine the strategies that survive the elimination process.
Pure strategy NE:
- (M, T) is a pure strategy NE because no player can unilaterally deviate to improve their payoff.
Mixed strategy NE:
- Player 1's strategy: Since Player 1 has two remaining strategies, M and D, the mixed strategy NE would involve a probability distribution between these two strategies.
- Player 2's strategy: Player 2's only remaining strategy is T, so the mixed strategy NE would involve a probability of 1 for T.
To find the specific probabilities for Player 1's mixed strategy NE, we compare the payoffs of M and D when Player 2 plays T:
- For Player 1, the expected payoff of M is 1/3(1) + 1/3(2) + 1/3(3) = 2
- For Player 1, the expected payoff of D is 1/3(2) + 1/3(0) + 1/3(2) = 4/3
Since the payoff of D is strictly higher than M, Player 1 would choose D with a probability of 1 and M with a probability of 0 in the mixed strategy NE.
Therefore, the Nash equilibrium of the game is:
Pure strategy NE: (M, T)
Mixed strategy NE: (D, T) with Player 1 playing D with probability 1.
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Due to current concerns about the rise in prices (i.e., inflation), the Federal Reserve has decided to execute a contractionary monetary policy by reducing the supply of money and the quantity of available loans. i. Describe one tool that Federal Reserve can use to implement a contractionary monetary policy. ii. Use the diagram for the market of loanable funds to show the impact of the contractionary monetary policy on the interest rate and the quantity of loanable funds. 111. Use the AD/AS graph to show how changes in the interest rate and the quantity of loanable funds affect the aggregate demand. iv. What are the overall impacts of the contractionary monetary policy on real GDP, unemployment, and inflation?
i. One tool that Federal Reserve can use to implement a contractionary monetary policy is Open market operations. ii. The diagram of the loanable fund market shows the impact of a contractionary monetary policy on interest rates.
i. Open market operations are the purchase or sale of securities by a central bank in the market.
ii. The diagram of the loanable fund market shows the impact of a contractionary monetary policy on interest rates and the availability of loanable funds. The central bank’s decision to reduce the supply of money and loans causes the supply of loanable funds to decrease, resulting in an increase in the interest rate, as shown by the movement from r1 to r2.
The contractionary monetary policy is shown by the shift of the supply curve of loanable funds from S1 to S2, which results in a decrease in the quantity of loanable funds.
iii. The AD/AS graph can show how changes in the interest rate and quantity of loanable funds affect aggregate demand. The reduction in the supply of money and the availability of loans leads to an increase in the interest rate, which, in turn, results in lower consumer spending, reduced investment, and a decrease in net exports.
As a result, the AD curve shifts to the left, decreasing aggregate demand.
iv. The contractionary monetary policy results in reduced inflation and output growth but increased unemployment. The impact of a contractionary monetary policy on real GDP, unemployment, and inflation is as follows:
1. Real GDP is expected to decline since higher interest rates make it more costly for firms to borrow money, resulting in lower capital investment, decreased consumer spending, and, as a result, reduced economic growth.
2. Since businesses and individuals have less access to loans, the unemployment rate is predicted to rise.
3. As the contractionary monetary policy leads to lower demand, inflation is expected to fall, as well as the price level, to drop.
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One year ago, you purchased 300 shares of Davis & Saha stock at a price of $29.64 per share. The stock pays an annual dividend of $4.40 per share. Today, you sold all of your shares for $34.60 per share. What is your total dollar return on this investment? O $1.488 $936 O $496 O $2,808 $1,492
One year ago, 300 shares were purchased for $29.64 per share. The stock pays an annual dividend of $4.40 per share. All of the shares have been sold today for $34.60 per share.
Formula:
Total Dollar Return on Investment
= Capital Gain + Dividend Income Capital Gain
= (Price at which shares were sold - Purchase price) x Number of shares Dividend Income
= Dividend per share x Number of shares Use the above formula to calculate the total dollar return on investment.
Total dollar return on investment Capital Gain
= ($34.60 - $29.64) x 300
= $4.96 x 300= $1,488
Dividend Income
= $4.40 x 300
= $1,320Total dollar return on investment
= Capital Gain + Dividend Income
= $1,488 + $1,320
= $2,808
Therefore, the total dollar return on this investment is $2,808.
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