Atoms and molecules are way too small to be seen even with a microscope so it can be counted by mass.
According to the context, the term actually may or may not encompass ions that meet this requirement. A molecule would be a collection of more than two atoms held together through attractive forces described as chemical bonds.
Atoms are incredibly tiny, with a diameter of around 1 x [tex]10^{-10}[/tex] meters. They can't be seen with a light microscope due to their small size. The composition of atoms can be observed and studied using a variety of ways, even if a light microscope might not be able to see one atom.
Therefore, atoms and molecules are way too small to be seen even with a microscope so it can be counted by mass.
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Pick the word that best completes the following sentence. A
mixture is a mixture in which the composition is
uniform throughout the mixture.
a homogeneous
b heterogeneous
C compound
In the malate–aspartate shuttle, electrons are transferred from _____________ to form malate.
In the malate–aspartate shuttle, electrons are transferred from oxaloacetate to form malate.
A crucial mechanism employed by mitochondria, the malate-aspartate shuttle system, also known as the malate shuttle, enables electrons to pass through the impermeable membrane separating the cytosol as well as the mitochondrial matrix. Glycolysis produces the electrons which are required for oxidative phosphorylation.
The liver, heart, as well as kidney, include the malate-aspartate shuttle, which produces about three molecules of ATP for every cytosolic NADH molecule. Under aerobic conditions, it constitutes quantitatively the most significant shuttle for such reoxidation of cytosolic NADH in vertebrate tissues.
Therefore, In the malate–aspartate shuttle, electrons are transferred from oxaloacetate to form malate.
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Reactants are the____________ substances in a chemical change and products are the ______substances.
Answer:
What is the name of the substances that are used at the beginning of a chemical reaction?
The substances that go into a chemical reaction are called the reactants, and the substances produced at the end of the reaction are known as the products.
Explanation: :)
What term is best described as the rate of a chemical reaction at any instant in time?
Answer:
instantaneous rate would be the term.
Draw the products formed when each ester is treated with lithium hydroxide and water. ch3ch2ch(ch3)oc=och(ch3)2−→−−h2olioh
The products formed when ester is treated with lithium hydroxide and water is given below.
[tex]CH_{3} CH_{2} CH(CH_{3} )OC=OCH(CH_{3} )_{2} +LiOH +H_{2} O[/tex]→[tex]CH_{3} CH_{2} CH(CH_{3} )OH+LiOC=OCH(CH_{3} )_{2} +H_{2} O[/tex]
The products formed when ester is treated with lithium hydroxide and water is alcohol and salt of acid.
The reaction of ester with water in the presence of base is called hydrolysis of ester in the presence of base. The product of hydrolysis of of ester in the presence of base ( lithium hydroxide ) is alcohol and salt of acid.
The hydrolysis of ester is also takes place in the presence of acid and give the product of alcohol and carboxylic acid. Lithium hydroxide is an inorganic base and it is soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol. The Lithium hydroxide is less soluble in water as compare to sodium hydroxide due to the anomalous behavior shown by lithium from rest of the family member.
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Place the following in order of increasing dipole moment. I. Bcl3 ii. Bif2 iii. Bclf2.
The correct order of increasing dipole moment is as follows.
[tex]$B C l_{3} < B I F_{2} < B C l F_{2}$[/tex]
What is increasing dipole moment?When the separation of two opposite electrical charges is calculated then it is known as the dipole moment.The more the electronegativity of an atom more it will have in electrons towards itself. For example,[tex]$B C l_{3}$[/tex] electrons will be pulled towards the chlorine atom as it is more electronegative than the boron.Hence, the dipole moment is canceled out. So, it will have zero dipole moment. In[tex]$B I F_{2}$[/tex] and [tex]$B C l F_{2}$[/tex], fluorine is more electronegative and it is present in both the molecules.But chlorine is more electronegative than iodine atom. So, the dipole moment of [tex]$B C l F_{2}$[/tex] more than the dipole moment[tex]$B I F_{2}$[/tex]Thus, we can conclude that the correct order of increasing dipole moment is as follows.
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If an ideal solution contains 3. 50 mol of a non-volatile solute and 15. 8 mol of solvent, and it has a vapor pressure of 22. 6 torr, what is the vapor pressure of the pure solvent (in torr)?
The vapour pressure of the solvent is 28.25 torr.
Raoult's law is a physical chemistry relationship with consequences for thermodynamics. The theory, put out by French chemist François-Marie Raoult in 1887, asserts that the partial pressure of each component of an ideal mixture of liquids is equal to the vapor pressure of the pure component (liquid or solid) multiplied by its mole fraction in the mixture. As a result, the mole fraction of the solute in the solution is equal to the relative decrease in vapor pressure of a diluted solution of a nonvolatile solute.
According to Raoult's law, p = p⁰ × x
Where,
p = partial vapour pressure of the solvent
p⁰ = vapour pressure of the solvent
x = mole fraction of solvent
The mole fraction of the pure solvent = 15 .8 /19.3
= 0.81
Substitute values in the above expression,
p = p⁰ × x
22.6 = p⁰ × 0.8
p⁰ = 28.25 torr
Therefore, the vapour pressure of the solvent is 28.25 torr.
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Na3po4 dissolves in water to produce an electrolytic solution. what is the osmolarity of a 2. 0 × 10-3 m na3po4 solution?
When Na3po4 dissolves in water to produce an electrolytic solution. The osmolarity of a 2. 0 × 10-3 m Na3po4 solution is 0.008osmol/L.
Osmolarity is defined as the number of osmoles of solute particles per unit volume of the solution.
In other words osmolarity is the multiple if molarity
Osmolarity = i× molarity
Here i represents the van't Hoff factor,
[tex]Na_{3}PO_{4}[/tex] ⇒ [tex]3Na^{+} + PO_{4} ^{-}[/tex]
3 Moles of [tex]Na_{} ^{+}[/tex] + 1 mole [tex]PO_{4} ^{-}[/tex] = 4
The number of moles of particles of solute produced in solution are actually called osmoles.
As a result, the van't Hoff factor will be equal to
i=4 Moles ions produced (osmoles) 1mole [tex]Na_{3} PO_{4}[/tex] .dissolved =4
Since we know that,
[tex]Na_{3} PO_{4}[/tex] = [tex]2.0 * 10^{-3} M[/tex]
Osmolarity =
[tex]4*2.0*10^{-3} M[/tex] = [tex]8.0 * 10^{-3} osmol L -10s[/tex]
Thus, the Osmolarity of given solution is 0.008 osmol/L.
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What is the change in enthalpy at 25°c and 1 atm for the production of 3. 00 mol sn(s)? sn(s) sno2(s) → 2sno(s); δh° = 16. 2 kj
The addition of the product of volume and pressure along with internal energy is called enthalpy. The change in the enthalpy at 1 atm is 24.3 kJ. Thus, option d is correct.
What is enthalpy?Enthalpy is the measurement of the heat or the energy present in a system that has a constant pressure in the thermodynamic system.
The balanced equation is shown as,
Sn (s) + SnO₂ (s) → 2SnO (s) , ΔH° = 16.2 kJ
The enthalpy change for the reaction is for 2 moles of Tin(II) oxide. So, for 3 moles of Tin(II) oxide produced in the reaction the enthalpy change will be given as,
= (16.2 kJ × 3 mol) ÷ 2 mol
= 24.3 kJ
Therefore, option d. 24.3 kJ is the enthalpy change.
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Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was, What Is The Change In Enthalpy At 25°C And 1 Atm For The Production Of 3.00 Mol SnO(S)? Sn (s) + SnO₂ (s) → 2SnO (s) , ΔH° = 16.2 kJ.
-24.3 kJ-16.2 kJ16.2 kJ24.3 kJ5.4 kJThe interval shown here represents a _____.
1.) strong acid
2.) weak acid
3.) weak base
4.) strong base
The given pH scale range from [tex]0-3[/tex] indicates the strong acid.
The pH scale, which ranges from [tex]0 -14[/tex], was developed by Sorensen to quantitatively define the strength of an acid and a base.
A pH value indicates the amounts of hydrogen ions and, hydroxide ions present. The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration is referred to as pH and is represented by:
[tex]pH = -log [H^{+} ][/tex]
For acids, the pH value is always less than [tex]7[/tex].
For bases, the pH value is always more than [tex]7[/tex].
For neutral solution, pH value is equal to [tex]7[/tex].
Thus, for the provided pH scale range [tex]0-3[/tex], it represents strong acid which will give large concentration of protons on dissociation. since lower pH value indicates higher concentration of protons created by an acid.
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The isotope ra decays to rn by emitting radiation. What type of radiation is emitted?
Heavy elements such as radium, uranium, and thorium, all have alpha decaying nuclei. An Rn (radon) nuclei are created when a Ra (radium) nucleus decays, emitting an alpha particle in the process.
Discussion about radiation:
The radioactive process known as alpha decay, sometimes known as α radiation, involves the ejection of an alpha particle from the nucleus, which includes 2 neutrons and 2 protons.
A helium atom's nucleus and an alpha particle have many similarities. Instability is seen as being present in all nuclei with an atomic number (Z) more than 82. These are frequently subject to alpha decay and are thought to be "neutron-rich." Heavy elements such as radium, uranium, thorium, etc., all have alpha decaying nuclei. An Rn (radon) nucleus is created when a Ra (radium) nucleus decays, emitting an alpha particle in the process.The mass number (A) and atomic number (Z) are typically lowered by two and four, respectively, during alpha decay. For instance, Ra-226 with atomic numbers 88 and 226 is converted into Rn-222 with the mass number 222 and atomic number 86 by alpha decay.Learn more about alpha decay here:
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A grating has 470 lines/mm. how many orders of the visible wavelength 538 nm can it produce in addition to the m = 0 order?
Three complete orders on each side of the m=0 order can be produced in addition to the m = 0 order.
The ruling separation is
d=1 / (470mm −1) = 2.1×10⁻³ mm
Diffraction lines occur at angles θ such that dsinθ=mλ, where λ is the wavelength and m is an integer.
Notice that for a given order, the line associated with a long wavelength is produced at a greater angle than the line associated with a shorter wavelength.
We take λ to be the longest wavelength in the visible spectrum (538nm) and find the greatest integer value of m such that θ is less than 90°.
That is, find the greatest integer value of m for which mλ<d.
since d / λ = 538×10⁻⁹m / 2.1×10 −6 m ≈ 3
that value is m=3.
There are three complete orders on each side of the m=0 order.
The second and third orders overlap.
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Assuming the salt is sodium chloride, what is the approximate molar concentration of salt in ocean water if the density of ocean water is 1.028 kg/l?
Molar concentration of Sodium chloride (NaCl) means the number of moles of sodium chloride present in 1L of water.
Molar mass of NaCl = Molar mass of Na + Molar mass of Cl
Molar mass of NaCl = 23 + 35.5
Molar mass of NaCl = 58.5g
∴ 1L of water contains 55.55 moles of water. Hence,
Mass of ocean water = 55.55 × 18 = 999.9g
Since, 1L of ocean water has a mass of 999.9g of which 3.5% is the salt.
hence, (999.9) (0.035) = 34.99g
So, No. of moles of NaCl = Mass of NaCl / 58g NaCl per mol
No. of moles of NaCl = 34.99/58.5
No. of moles of NaCl = 0.59 moles
So, Molar concentration or Molarity would be 0.59 moles present in 1L of solution.
Hence, Molarity or Molar Concentration = Moles of NaCl/ Volume of solution (in L)
Molarity = 0.59/1L
⇒ Molarity = 0.59M
Hence, the molarity is 0.59M
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Emphysema can lead to which acid/base disturbance? What would be the compensation?
Emphysema can lead to respiratory acidosis acid/base disturbance.The compensated respiratory acidosis is typically the result of the chronic condition , the slow nature of onset giving the kidney time to compensate.
If the primary acid-base disorder is from respiratory , then the kidneys will compensate. If the primary acid-base disorder is from metabolic cause, then the lungs will compensate.The respiratory compensation can be begin within minutes and becomes maximal in 12-24 hours
The respiratory acidosis occurs when breathing out does not get of enough [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] . The increased [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] that remains results in overly acidic blood. This can results from respiratory problems.
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An aqueous solution has a molality of 3. 64 kcl. what is the the mass percent of kcl in the solution? enter your answer to three significant figures and in units of mass percent
The mass percentage of KCl solution is 21.34%
Calculation,
Given molality of KCl aqueous solution = 3. 64 m = 3. 64 mole/ Kg
It means 3. 64 mole of solute present in 1Kg of solvent
or , 3. 64 mole of solute present in 1000 g of solvent ( water )
Mass of solute ( KCl ) = 3. 64 mole×74.55 g/mole =271.3 g
The total mass of solution ( KCl + water ) = 271.3 g + 1000 g = 1271.3 g
Mass percentage is equal to percentage of mass of solute present in total mass of solution.
Mass percentage = 100×271.3 g/1271.3 g = 21.34%
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What will be formed when Sodium reacts with water
How many grams of CO would be required to generate 635 g CO2
The amount of CO that would be required to generate 635 g of CO2 will be 404.14 g
Stoichiometric problemFirst, let us get the equation of the reaction:
[tex]2CO + O_2 -- > 2CO_2[/tex]
From the equation, we can see that the mole ratio of CO to that of CO2 is 1:1.
635 g of CO2 is to be generated.
Mole of 635 g CO2 = mass/molar mass = 635/44.01 = 14.43 moles
Thus, the equivalent mole of CO required will also be 14.43 moles.
Mass of 14.43 moles CO = moles x molar mass = 14.43 x 28.01 = 404.14 g
Hence, 404.14 g of CO will be required to produce 635 g of CO2
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What is the carbon nucleophile which attacks molecular bromine in the acid-catalyzed α-bromination of a ketone?
The carbon nucleophile which attacks molecular bromine in the acid-catalyzed α-bromination of a ketone an acetylide. The Organometallic reagents like those used in the Grignard, Blaise, Reformatsky, and Barbier reactions as well as reactions involving the organolithium reagents and acetylides are frequently used as carbon nucleophiles.
These chemicals are frequently employed in nucleophilic additions. Compounds or intermediates that contain an electron-rich carbon atom are known as carbon-centered nucleophiles because they have the ability to donate an electron pair from that carbon atom to an electrophile. When writing resonance structures, the strong negative nature of a metal-bonded the carbon is apparent.
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Olive oil and butter both contain fats; however, olive oil is liquid at room temperature and butter is solid. Why?.
This is why even though Olive oil and butter both contain fats, olive oil is liquid at room temperature and butter is solid.
Since saturated fat makes up the majority of butter, it is solid at room temperature. Olive oil is an unsaturated fat since it is liquid at room temperature. Through hydrogenation processes, an unsaturated fat can be converted to a saturated fat.What are saturated fats?a form of fat believed to be less healthy in the diet than unsaturated fat because it contains a higher percentage of fatty acid molecules lacking double bonds.butter, ghee, suet, lard, coconut oil and palm oil, cakes, biscuits, fatty cuts of meat are some of the examples.What are unsaturated fats?a form of fat that is thought to be healthier in the diet than saturated fat because it contains a high percentage of fatty acid molecules with at least one double bond.Olive, peanut, and canola oils, Avocados, Nuts such as almonds, hazelnuts, and pecans, Seeds such as pumpkin and sesame seeds are some of the examples.To learn more about fats visit:
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Using this balance, can you estimate the mass to the nearest milligram?
Yes, we can use this balance to estimate the mass to the nearest milligram.
What is the balance?The weighing balance is the kind of scale that can be used to measure the mass of a body. We know that mass is the quantity of matter that is contained in a body and the the SI unit of mass is the kilogram.
Looking at the balance as it is graduated in milligrams, we know that measurement to the nearest gram means measurement to the nearest whole number so we can say that the answer is yes. We can use this balance to estimate the mass to the nearest milligram.
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An unknown solution has a ph of 7.1. which of these chemicals is likely to increase the ph the most when added to the solution? hf koh nh3 hno3
option (B) KOH is the correct answer
KOH is the substance that, when added to the solution, is most likely to raise the pH .
What is pH?a graph that uses a logarithmic scale with 7 as neutral, where lower values are more acidic and higher ones are more alkaline, to represent the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The hydrogen ion concentration (c), expressed in moles per liter, determines the pH, which is equal to log10(c).It will provide the most hydronium ions at the lowest pH, and at the highest pH, it will totally dissociate into the solution. KOH entirely separates into ions.Potassium hydroxide, or KOH, is a powerful base.A solution becomes more basic as the base is included. As a result, the pH of the solution will rise. All of the others are acids and will cause the solution's pH to decrease.To learn more about pH visit:
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On a distance-time graph, at 2 hours the graph is at a height of 20 meters, and at 4 hours it is at a height of 80 meters. The average speed for the interval is 30 meters/hour.
true
false
Answer:
true
Explanation:
In 2 hours, it went 60 metres. 60 / 2 = 30 so true
If a person wearing such a mask exhales 0. 65g of CO2 every minute. Calculate the number of grams of O2 that will be produced in 15 minutes.
If a person wearing such a mask exhales 0. 65g of [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] every minute then the number of grams of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] that will be produced in 15 minutes is 7.09 grams .
Calculation ,
Since number of moles of carbon dioxide exhale is equal to the number of moles of oxygen produce ,
Mass of carbon dioxide exhale per minute = 0.65 g
Mass of carbon dioxide exhale 15 minute = 0.65 g × 15 = 9.75 g
Number of moles of carbon dioxide = given mass / molar mass = 9.75 g/44
Number of moles of carbon dioxide = 0.221 moles
Number of moles of oxygen = 0.221 moles = given mass / molar mass
Number of moles of oxygen = 0.221 moles = given mass / 32
Mass of oxygen = 0.221 moles × 32 = 7.09 grams
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A cylinder with a movable piston contains 2.00 g of helium, He , at room temperature. More helium was added to the cylinder and the volume was adjusted so that the gas pressure remained the same. How many grams of helium were added to the cylinder if the volume was changed from 2.00 L to 3.90 L
Heya....
Here's your answer.....
PV = nRT... R is a constant...
so PV/nT = constant...
P1V1 / n1T1 = P2V2 / n2T2...P is constant.T is constant.. so
V1 / n1 = V2 / n2
since n = mass / mw
V1 / (mass 1 / mw) = V2 / (mass 2 / mw)
and since molecular mass = constant
V1 / mass 1 = V2 / mass 2
mass 2 = V2 x mass 1 / V1 = 2.90L x 2.00 g / 2.00 L = 2.9 g
mass 2 - mass 1 = 2.90 g - 2.00 g = 0.90 g
ie.. 0.90 g of He was added.
Thanks...!!!
It is necessary to add zncl 2 to promote the reaction of hcl with some alcohols while these same alcohols react with hbr quite readily. explain.
It is necessary to add zncl 2 to promote the reaction of hcl with some alcohols as this reaction is reversible to make it irreversible ZnCl2 is used.
ZnCl2 is used as Lewis acid catalyst. Since Cl- is weaker nucleophile than Br. The lewis acid ZnCl2 coordinate with oxygen of alcohol and proceed the reaction in forward direction.
HCl is less reactive with alcohols whereas the bond between H and Cl is stronger than HBr and HI.
Hence its reaction with alcohols need a catalyst ZnCl2, which helps in the breaking of bond between H and Cl.
Therefore, Luca's reagent is used in the reaction of HCl and alcohol.
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Through which conversion is energy released? adp to atp atp to adp nadp to nadph co2 and h2o to c6h12o6 and o2
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Answer:
B) ATP to ADP
Explanation:
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340. ml of a 0. 150 m solution of nh3(aq) is titrated with 0. 100 m hcl. calculate the ph of the solution after 350. ml of hcl has been added. (ka(nh4 ) = 5. 6 x 10-10)
340. ml of a 0. 150 m solution of nh3(aq) is titrated with 0. 100 m hcl. the ph will be 7 of the solution after 350. ml of hcl has been added. (ka(nh4 ) = 5. 6 x 10-10).
What is ph?The ph. of a solution gives information about the concentration of hydrogen ion in the solution or the solution is acidic or basic in nature if the given value is 7 then the solution is neutral or greater then 7 then basic and less then 7 then acidic.
Here, NH3 is a base while adding HCl to it the reaction gets neutralized and known as neutralizatio reaction and attend the ph. of value 7.
After due to the formation of hydronium ion the ph. would be less then 7.
Therefore, the ph. is 7.
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Choose the molecules that contains sphingosine.
a. sphingomyelins molecule
b. molecule
c. molecule
d. a phosphatidylcholine
Answer:
a phosphatidylcholine
The molecule that contains sphingosine is a phosphatidylcholine compound.
What is a compound?
Compound is defined as a chemical substance made up of identical molecules containing atoms from more than one type of chemical element.
Molecule consisting atoms of only one element is not called compound.It is transformed into new substances during chemical reactions. There are four major types of compounds depending on chemical bonding present in them.They are:
1)Molecular compounds where in atoms are joined by covalent bonds.
2) ionic compounds where atoms are joined by ionic bond.
3)Inter-metallic compounds where atoms are held by metallic bonds
4) co-ordination complexes where atoms are held by co-ordinate bonds.
They have a unique chemical structure held together by chemical bonds Compounds have different properties as those of elements because when a compound is formed the properties of the substance are totally altered.
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How much 0. 5mna2so4 solution will completely precipitate the ba2 in 0. 7l of 0. 13mbacl2 solution?
The volume required to precipitate 0.7l of 0.13 m BaCl2 is 0.04L.
Calculations of number of moles for given molarity of solutionwe use
Molarity =Moles of solute / volume of solution (in litre)
Now, for barium ions
Given,
Molarity of solution = 0.13 m
Volume of solution = 0.7L
By substituting all the value ,we have
Moles of Barium = 0.7 × 0.13
= 0.091
Chemical equationBaSO4 » Ba2+ + So2-
By stoichiometry of equation
1 mole of sulphate ion precipitate 1 mole of barium ion
So, 0.091 mole of sulphate ion precipitate
0.091 of moles of Barium ion
Calculation of volume of sulfate ionNow, calculate the volume of ions by using equation as given above
Mole of sulphate ion = 0.091 mol
Molarity concentration of sulphate ions = 0.05m
By substituting all value , we get
C = n / V
V = n/ C
= 0.091 / 0.5 = 0.04L
Thus, we calculated that the volume required to precipitate 0.7l of 0.13 m BaCl2 is 0.04L.
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a balloon filled with .5l of air at sealevel is submerged in the water to a depth that produces a pressure of 3.25 atm. What is the volume of the balloon at this depth
The balloon is filled with 0.5L of air at sea level and submerged to a depth. Since, there is no change in the Temperature, the process is Isothermal. It is a process in which the temperature T of the given system does not change and remains constant. Hence, ΔT=0
Any system in which the temperature is kept constant is stated as an Isothermal Process. Since, in the given question, Temperature is not changing, hence we can consider it to be an Isothermal Process.
Given:
Pressure at sea level, P₁= 1 atm
Volume at sea level, V₁= 0.5L
Pressure at depth, P₂= 3.25 atm
Volume at depth, V₂= ?
Since, the process is Isothermal, hence,
∴ P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
⇒ 1 × 0.5 = 3.25 × V₂
⇒ V₂ = 0.5/3.25
⇒ V₂ = 0.154L
So, the Volume of balloon at the depth is 0.154L.
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