atoms are the building blocks of all matter and the smallest unit of a chemical element that still retains the properties of that element.(1 point) true false

7413.32 J much heat is needed to change 22 g of water at 20∘C into water vapor at the boiling point i.e. 100∘C.

To determine the amount of heat required to change 22 grams of water at 20°C into water vapor at the boiling point, we need to consider the following steps:

1. Heat the water from 20°C to 100°C to turn it into steam at the boiling point

2. Add the heat of vaporization to turn the steam into water vapor

Let's first calculate the heat required to raise the temperature of the water from 20°C to 100°C.

We can use the equation:-

Q = mcΔT,

here Q is heat added,

m is mass of water,

c is specific heat capacity of water,

and ΔT is change in temperature.

Hence,

=> Q = m x c x ΔT

= 22 g x 4.184 J/g°C x (100°C - 20°C)

= 7363.6 J

Next, let's calculate the heat of vaporization of water. The heat of vaporization of water is the amount of heat required to turn water into steam or water vapor at the boiling point. The heat of vaporization of water is approximately 40.7 kJ/mol.

The molecular wt. of H2O is 18 g/mol,

The heat of vaporization per gram is

= 40.7 kJ/mol x 1 g/mol / 18 g/mol

= 2.26 J/g.

Hence,

=> Q_vap = m x q_vap

= 22 g x 2.26 J/g

= 49.72 J

Therefore, the total amount of heat required to change 22 grams of water at 20°C into water vapor at the boiling point is

= Q + Q_vap

= 7363.6 J + 49.72 J

= 7413.32 J.

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Molarity of aqueous magnesium bromide solution would reach the limit for this membrane while assuming RT=25 L, is 0.03 M. hence, the correct option is (e).

Osmotic pressure is a measure of the pressure required to prevent the flow of water across a semi-permeable membrane due to a difference in concentration of solutes on either side of the membrane.

The formula of osmotic pressure:

= π

= MRT

here π is osmotic pressure in atmospheres,

M is molarity of solution,

R is gas constant (R = 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K),

T is temperature in Kelvin.

Given that:-

The membrane can withstand an osmotic pressure of 0.75 atm

and assuming T = 298 K,

To solve for molarity:

= Molarity

= π / R T

= 0.75 atm / (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K x 298 K)

= 0.75 / (0.0821 x 298)

= 0.75 / 23.54

= 0.0318 M

Rounding to the first decimal place, we have:

= Molarity

= 0.0318 M

= 0.03 M

So the molarity of the aqueous magnesium bromide solution that would reach the limit for the membrane is 0.03 M. The correct answer is (e) 0.03 M.

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The 42.0 liters of SO₂ gas are collected at the STP. The number of  moles are in this amount is 1.8 mol.

According to the ideal gas equation we get :

P V = n R T

V = volume of the gas = 42.0 L

n = moles

R = gas constant = 0.823 atm L / mol K

At STP ,

T = temperature  = 273.15 K

P = pressure = 1 atm

substituting the values, we get :

n = P V / R T

n = ( 1 × 42 ) / ( 0.0823 × 273.15)

n = 1.8 mol

Thus, the moles at STP for the volume of 42 L is 1.8 mol.

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Answer:

Found in every nucleus of a persons many trillions of cells, the human genome consists of tightly coiled threads of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and associated protein molecules, organized into structures called chromosomes.

Answer:

The complete set of instructions for making a human being can be found in the human genome, which is the complete set of genetic material present in all human cells. The human genome is made up of DNA, which is composed of four nucleotide bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). These nucleotides are arranged in a long, linear sequence, and the order of these sequences determines the instructions for making proteins and other molecules in the body.

Propanone is a ketone with skelton  CH₃COCH₃. Butanoic acid is a 4 carbon carboxylic acid and methyl propanoate is an ester as given un the image.

Ketones are organic compounds having the functional group of CO. Propanone is a ketone with three carbons including the CO group. Carboxylic acids are compounds containing COOH group.

Butanoic acid is a carboxylic acid with 4 carbon atoms including the carbon atom in the COOH group. Carboxylic acids are different in properties from the inorganic acids.

Esters are formed by the reaction of acids with alcohol with the functional group COOR, where R can be any alkyl group. Methyl propanoate is an ester with 4 carbon atoms.

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In the event that a thermometer breaks, the most important action to take is to pick up the broken glass and dispose of it properly.

You should also clean the area to ensure that there are no remaining pieces of glass. Additionally, it is important to tell the teacher about the accident right away and not try to save the red alcohol or pay for a replacement thermometer, as this is not necessary.

Calling 911 is not necessary, unless someone is injured by the broken thermometer. When cleaning up a mercury spill, it is important to use caution and protective gear, such as gloves, goggles, and a face mask, to reduce the risk of exposure to mercury vapors. You should also make sure to keep any children and pets away from the spill area.

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Explanation:

(1) To show that the percentage by mass of potassium in K2CO3 is 56.6%, we can use the formula weight of the compound. The formula weight of K2CO3 is 138.20 g/mol. The molar mass of potassium is 39.10 g/mol and the molar mass of carbon and oxygen is 99.10 g/mol. Therefore, the percentage by mass of potassium in K2CO3 is (2 x 39.10) / 138.20 x 100 = 56.6%.

(ii) The percentage of potassium in the hydrate is lower than the value stated in (i) because the hydrate contains water molecules, which also contribute to the overall mass of the compound. Therefore, the percentage of potassium in the hydrate is diluted by the mass of the water molecules and will be lower than the value for the anhydrous compound.

The pH of a 2.45 x10-3 m sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution is 4.90*10^-3 M.

1 mol of H2SO4 given 2 mol of H+

So, [H+] = 2*[H2SO4]

= 2*2.45*10^-3 M

= 4.90*10^-3 M

The pH scale is a useful tool for illustrating how basic or acidic a solution is. By taking the negative logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration, or pH = -log[H3O+], we can determine the pH of a solution. The pH is measure of acidity or basicity of a solution by measuring the concentration of OH- and H+ in the solution. Highly basic solution have a pH value near 14 and that of acidic solution is near 1. H2SO4 is an higly acidic solution its pH is usually seen near 1. H2SO4 is diluted using water to make it less acidic and used in labs.

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The m/z ratio of the M+ ion peak gives the relative molecular mass of the molecule.

correct option is B

The molecular ion, M+, in a mass spectrum is the precursor ion of the molecule before fragmentation.

The m/z ratio of the M+ ion peak in a mass spectrum gives the relative molecular mass of the molecule.

The m/z ratio is the ratio of the mass of the ion to its charge, and for the M+ ion, this value is equal to the molecular mass of the compound.

By measuring the m/z ratio of the M+ ion peak, it is possible to determine the relative molecular mass of the molecule, which is a crucial piece of information for identifying and characterizing a compound.

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The pair of molecules which interacts through the hydrogen bonding is the H₂O and NH₃ .

The hydrogen bonding is the type of the intermolecular force of the attraction  that occurs because of the dipole dipole interaction.  The hydrogen bonding occur between the hydrogen atom of the one molecule attached to the high electronegative atom and the other high electronegative atom. There is two types one is intermolecular hydrogen bonding and the other is intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The hydrogen bonding is shown as :

                        H                          

                        |

H - O - H ------ : N - H

                          |

                         H

Thus, the water and the ammonia interacts through the hydrogen bonding.

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Salinity levels in the body are still at 1 mg. As it is digested, glucose produces CO2 and water.

The mass equilibrium of these two chemicals is upset by the addition of water and CO2 during glucose metabolism. Both metabolites need to be either expelled or subjected to additional metabolising in order to maintain mass balance.

The main type of sugar found in blood is glucose, which serves as the body's cells' principal source of energy. Our bodies can also produce glucose from other compounds or from the foods we consume. In the blood, glucose which is transported to the cells in the blood. Your blood's primary sugar is known as blood sugar or glucose. It is the primary source of energy for your body and is obtained from the food you consume.

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The wire in the fuse heats up quickly and melts if a short circuit happens or even if too many appliances are connected to one wire, allowing too much current to flow. This breaks the circuit and stops a fire from starting.

In plainer terms, short circuits occur when a hot wire makes contact with a conductive object that it shouldn't. A short circuit can harm appliances, cause electrical shock, or even start a fire.

The main causes of fuse operation include device failure, overloading, mismatched loads, and short circuits. A short circuit will form, and the fuse will melt if a damaged live wire comes into contact with a grounded metal case.

Thus, If the domestic circuit develops a short circuit then the fuse wire linked in the circuit will melt.

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The three gas laws are Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law. Each of these laws are supported by a variety of empirical evidence.

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Answer: (d) 59.25%

Explanation: :D

The law of conservation of mass states that the total mass of a system remains constant, regardless of the changes that occur within the system. This means that the total mass of the products of a physical change must be equal to the total mass of the reactants.

For example, consider the process of melting a block of ice. When the ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid, but its total mass remains the same. The mass of the water that results from the melting of the ice must be equal to the mass of the ice that was present before the change.

Similarly, other physical changes such as evaporation, condensation, sublimation, and freezing also follow the law of conservation of mass. In each of these processes, the total mass of the system remains constant, even though the physical state of the substance changes.

In conclusion, the law of conservation of mass applies to physical changes as well as chemical reactions, and requires that the total mass of the system remains constant, regardless of the changes that occur within the system.

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Answer:

I'm pretty sure that it's B but maybe Im wrong

In first reaction material is oxidized then in second it is reduced and in last there is no change in oxidation state.

The oxidation state changes in carbon atom as,

C-C⇒O

C-O-H⇒+1 due to O atom

C=O⇒+2 due to O atom

Redox reactions in organic chemistry take on a slightly different appearance. In an organic redox reaction, electrons frequently move as hydride ions, which include a proton and two electrons. These reactions, in which a proton is transferred together with the hydrogenation or dehydrogenation of a hydride, are known as hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. Remember, hydration and dehydration relate to the gain and loss of a water molecule, respectively (and are not redox reactions), whereas the terms hydrogenation and dehydrogenation refer to the gain and loss of a hydrogen molecule.

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The magnitude of the attractive force between two adjacent sodium and chloride ions in the crystal is 4.18 x 10^-8 N.

The magnitude of the attractive force between two adjacent sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions in a crystal can be calculated using Coulomb's law. Coulomb's law states that the force between two point charges is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance between the charges.

The formula for the force between two charges is:

F = k * q1 * q2 / r^2

Where:

k = Coulomb's constant (8.99 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2)

q1 and q2 are the magnitudes of the charges of the ions

r is the separation distance between the ions (0.28 nm)

F is the force between the ions.

For sodium and chloride ions, q1 = +1e and q2 = -1e, where e is the elementary charge (1.60 x 10^-19 C).

Substituting these values into the formula, we get:

F = 8.99 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2 * 1.60 x 10^-19 C * 1.60 x 10^-19 C / (0.28 x 10^-9 m)^2

F = 4.18 x 10^-8 N

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The coordination numbers of cobalt(III) is 3, platinum(II) is 5, and platinum(IV) is 7 in complexes refer to the number of ligands or atoms that are bonded to the central metal ion in the complex.

The coordination number can vary depending on the nature of the ligands and the oxidation state of the metal ion.

For cobalt(III), the most common coordination numbers are 6 and 8, with octahedral and square-planar geometries being the most common.

For platinum(II), the most common coordination number is 6, with octahedral geometry being the most common.

For platinum(IV), the most common coordination number is 6, with square-planar geometry being the most common.

It's important to note that these are general trends, and the actual coordination number can vary depending on the specific complex.

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The kinetic theory of matter state that all particles of matter are in constant motion.

Matter is made up of particles which are constantly moving. The energy level of these particles depend upon the temperature possessed by the matter and the frequency of movement of these particles helps us to determine whether that matter is in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state.

Matter is something that takes up space having volume and can be weighed.

Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body.

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The net charge present on a glycine molecule in the human blood at pH equals to 7.4 is equal to zero.

Glycine can be categorized as one of the amino acids which are present in the human body. It consists of one hydrogen (H) atom as its side chain. Glycine is the simplest amino acid.

At a pH value lesser than 2,  both the oxygen as well as the nitrogen are protonated and hence the charge on glycine is equal to +1 whereas over the pH value of 9, both oxygen as well as nitrogen will get deprotonated to give glycine a net charge of -1 .

At the value of pH between 3 and 9, the oxygen on the molecule will get deprotonated but the nitrogen present will still be protonated and this will provide the glycine a neutral charge or we can say the net charge of glycine is 0.  Hence, we can say that at pH = 7.4 the net charge on glycine will be zero.

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The concentration of hydroxide (OH⁻) ions in a solution is 0.1 µM. The pH of the solution is 7.

The concentration of the hydroxide ion, OH⁻ = 0.1 µM

The concentration in Molar = 1 × 10⁻⁷M

The pH formula is expressed as :

pOH = - log (OH⁻)

pOH = - log (  1 × 10⁻⁷M )

pOH = 7

Therefore , the pOH is 7, the pH and the pOH relation expressed as :

pH + pOH = 14

pH = 14 - pOH

pH = 14 -7

pH = 7

The pH is 7 , which is the neutral pH.

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We can see here that organizing the information, we have:

Order from the Sun:

Atmosphere: Jupiter and Saturn have thick atmospheres composed mainly of hydrogen and helium, while Uranus and Neptune have thick atmospheres containing methane.

Moons: Jupiter has 79 moons, Saturn has 82 moons, Uranus has 27 moons, Neptune has 14 moons, Pluto has 1 moon (Charon).

A planet is a celestial body that orbits around a star, is spherical in shape, and has cleared its orbit of other debris. To be considered a planet, the object must be massive enough for its own gravity to pull it into a roughly spherical shape and it must dominate its orbit, meaning it has cleared its orbit of other debris.

In our solar system, there are eight officially recognized planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

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The the molar concentration of the potassium dichromate is 0.014 M and the molar concentration of the K⁺ is 0.028 M and Cr₂O₇²⁻ ion is 0.014 M.

The dissociation of the K₂Cr₂O₇ is as :

K₂Cr₂O₇   ---->   2K⁺   +  Cr₂O₇²⁻

The mass of the K₂Cr₂O₇ = 2.335 g

The moles of the K₂Cr₂O₇ = mass / molar mass

                                            = 2.335 / 294.1 g/mol

                                            = 0.007 mol

The volume of the solution = 500 mL = 0.500 L

The molarity expression is as :

Molarity = moles / volume

Molarity = 0.007 / 0.500

              = 0.014 M

The molar concentration of [K⁺] = 2 × 0.014

                                                    = 0.028 M

The molar concentration of [Cr₂O₇²⁻] =  0.014 M

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Sulfanilamide in a vial, the best method of transferring the compound and determining the exact mass transferred, the correct option is (d) Tare the balance with a Craig tube, transfer the solid into the Craig tube.

Then re-weigh is the best method of transferring the compound and determining the exact mass transferred. This is because taring the balance with the Craig tube minimizes the chance of spillage or contamination, and allows for a precise measurement of the mass of sulfanilamide transferred. A Craig tube is a type of weighing container used in laboratory settings for accurately measuring the mass of powders, granules, or other solid materials. It is a small, cylindrical container with a lid, typically made of metal or plastic, and is commonly used in analytical chemistry and other scientific fields where precise measurement of small quantities of materials is important. The Craig tube is placed on a balance and tared, or zeroed, to account for its own mass, allowing the exact mass of the material inside to be determined.

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From the structure of the helium atom, the mass number of the helium atom is 4.

The mass number of an element is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of an element.

The mass number of the helium atom is determined from the atomic structure of the helium atom.

A helium atom has a group of four spheres in the center and a circle around it with two tiny spheres.

The small spheres at the center of the helium atom are the proy=os and the neutrons. Hence, the mass number of helium is 4.

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There are other ways to find isotopes besides mass such as subtracting the atomic number (the number of protons) from the rounded atomic weight.

This is referred to as atoms that have the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons and therefore have different physical properties.

They can be found using mass through mass spectrometry but the method of subtracting the atomic number (the number of protons) from the rounded atomic weight can also be used thereby making it the correct choice in this scenario.

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When an oxygen atom forms a chemical bond with another oxygen atom, a molecule (O₂) is formed which is covalently bonded.

A covalent bond is defined as the bond that consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms. Generally, these electrons are simultaneously attracted by the two atomic nuclei.

Basically, there are two types of covalent bonds which are polar and nonpolar. Nonpolar covalent bonds are usually formed between two atoms of the same element or between different elements that share the electrons equally. Lets consider an example, when an oxygen atom makes bond with another oxygen atom to fill their outer shells, a non - polar covalent bond arises between two oxygen atoms which forms an oxygen molecule.

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The advantage of making a solvent unblocking lightly nonpolar is to increase the solubility of polar and ionic compounds.

The solubility of a solute in a solvent is largely determined by the relative polarity of the solute and solvent. Polar solvents dissolve polar solutes, while nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes. Making a solvent unblock lightly nonpolar increases its ability to dissolve polar and ionic compounds by reducing the difference in polarity between the solvent and solute.

This allows polar and ionic compounds to be dissolved in a nonpolar solvent, which can be useful in various applications, such as chromatography and chemical reactions.

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The correct option is "d". The origins of homochirality might be extraterrestrial.

The discovery of chiral amino acids in the Murchison meteorite, which landed in Australia in 1969, has led to the hypothesis that the origins of homochirality might be extraterrestrial in origin. This hypothesis suggests that homochirality might have been introduced to Earth by meteorites, which could have provided the necessary organic molecules for life on Earth to form.

Homochirality means the fact that most molecules are composed of only one version of a particular chiral molecule, rather than a mix of both.

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