To properly report the equity securities purchased by Ayayai Corporation, an adjusting entry needs to be made. Assuming the securities are classified as available-for-sale, the adjusting entry would be as follows:
Date: [End of the accounting period]
Debit: Available-for-Sale Securities (Asset) - $64,500
Credit: Unrealized Holding Gain or Loss (Stockholders' Equity) - $64,500
This adjusting entry reflects the fair value of the equity securities at the end of the accounting period and recognizes any unrealized holding gain or loss. The specific amount would depend on the fair value of the securities at the end of the period.
Equity securities are financial instruments that represent ownership interests in a company. These securities are typically in the form of common stock or preferred stock issued by corporations. By purchasing equity securities, an investor becomes a shareholder and obtains certain rights and privileges within the company.
the compete question is Ayayai Corporation purchases equity securities costing $64,500.
At December 31, the fair value of the portfolio is $55,300.
Prepare the adjusting entry to report the securities properly,
assuming the securities are classified as available-for-sale.
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Re-solve problem 3 considering the following: the student should
not assign more than 2 days to course 3; she could consider not to
assign days to courses 2, 3 and 4 and she should assign at least
one
In order to solve problem 3 considering the new constraints, let's reassess the allocation of days to courses.
Since the student should not assign more than 2 days to course 3, we can allocate 2 days to course 3.
To meet the condition of not assigning days to courses 2, 3, and 4, we will not assign any days to these courses.
Finally, we need to assign at least one day to one of the courses. We can assign one day to course 1.
Considering these constraints, the revised allocation of days to courses is as follows:
Course 1: 1 day
Course 2: 0 days
Course 3: 2 days
Course 4: 0 days
By adhering to these constraints, the student ensures that she does not assign more than 2 days to course 3, does not assign days to courses 2, 3, and 4, and assigns at least one day to one of the courses
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Nicanor is a civil engineer. His reported total gross receipts in 2020 amounted to Php 4,250,000.00 while the cost of service and operating expenses were Php 2,150,000.00 and Php 1,000,000.00, respectively. Since he does not keep receipts of his purchases, his Accountant advised to avail of the 40% OSD in his 1st Quarter ITR which he did. Total tax withheld (expanded withholding tax) by his clients is equivalent to 10% from which he received tax certificates (BIR Form 2307s). During filing annual ITR, without the getting professional advice, he filed his own return and opted 8% preferential taxation. What is Nicanor's CORRECT income tax payable in 2020? Disregard payment in his original return filed O d. 241,000 O c. 666,000 O b. 320,000 O a. Overpayment of 205,000
He overpaid his income tax by Php 205,000.00. So, option (A) Overpayment of 205,000 is the right answer.
The Gross Receipts (GR) of Nicanor, a civil engineer, was Php 4,250,000.00 in 2020, and the cost of services (CS) and operating expenses (OE) were Php 2,150,000.00 and Php 1,000,000.00, respectively.
Calculation of Net Taxable Income total income after the OSD has been subtracted from the gross receipts is the net taxable income (NTI).
NTI = GR - OSD - (CS + OE)
= 4,250,000 - 1,700,000 - (2,150,000 + 1,000,000
)= Php 400,000.00
Calculation of Income Tax using 8% Preferential TaxationIn the absence of professional advice, Nicanor opted to use 8% preferential taxation to compute his income tax. Therefore, he is subject to a flat 8% tax rate based on his gross receipts. Net Taxable Income (NTI) is disregarded because the tax rate is fixed.
Tax payable at a flat rate of 8% = 8/100 × Php 4,250,000.00 = Php 340,000.00
Calculation of Income Tax using the Tax Table
Now we'll look at the appropriate tax table to see if Nicanor's tax liability is less than the tax calculated using the 8% preferential taxation scheme. From the table, we see that Nicanor's taxable income falls in the first tranche, and he is subject to a tax rate of 20% on the excess of Php 250,000.00 (Php 400,000.00 - Php 150,000.00).
Thus, Tax payable on the amount over Php 250,000.00
= 20/100 × (Php 400,000.00 - Php 250,000.00)
= Php 30,000.00
Add this to the tax payable on the first Php 250,000.00, which is Php 42,500.00.
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Tian Semiconductors has a required rate of return of 11%, the marginal investor expects its next dividend to be $1.00, its expected growth rate is a constant 5.0%, and the stock's current market price is $20 per share. What is Tian's equilibrium price?
a $15.84
b $16.67
c $17.50
d $18.38
e $19.30
Tian Semiconductors' equilibrium price is approximately $18.38. To calculate the equilibrium price, we can use the Gordon Growth Model.
It is also known as the dividend discount model (DDM). The formula for the Gordon Growth Model is:
Equilibrium Price = Dividend / (Required Rate of Return - Growth Rate)
In this case, the expected next dividend is $1.00, the required rate of return is 11%, and the expected growth rate is 5.0%.
Plugging in these values into the formula:
Equilibrium Price = $1.00 / (0.11 - 0.05) = $1.00 / 0.06 ≈ $16.67
However, the given information states that the stock's current market price is $20 per share. The equilibrium price should equal the current market price for the stock to be in equilibrium. Therefore, we can conclude that the correct answer is d) $18.38, as none of the given options matches the calculated equilibrium price of $16.67.
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Which of the following is not a Deming's point Constantly improve the system Set performance objective Adopt a new philosophy Institute education and self-improvement E. Break down barriers between departments Deming emphasizes that training should be A. Hands on B. Mandatory C. Available to everyone D. Based on employee performance E. Self-paced
The exception is that E. Break down barriers between departments is not a Deming's point. The Option E.
Which Deming's point is not emphasized?Deming's points are a set of principles for management that emphasize continuous improvement and quality. While the other points listed are part of Deming's philosophy, "Break down barriers between departments" is not explicitly mentioned as one of his points.
Deming focused on the importance of teamwork, cooperation, and collaboration across departments to create a more efficient and effective organization. By breaking down barriers, organizations can foster better communication, coordination, and problem-solving leading to improved overall performance.
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ProForm acquired 70 percent of ClipRite on June 30, 2020, for $840,000 in cash. Based on ClipRite's acquisition-date fair value, an unrecorded intangible of $600,000 was recognized and is being amortized at the rate of $19,000 per year. No goodwill was recognized in the acquisition. The noncontrolling interest fair value was assessed at $360,000 at the acquisition date. The 2021 financial statements are as follows: ProForm ClipRite Sales $ (940,000 ) $ (880,000 ) Cost of goods sold 605,000 470,000 Operating expenses 240,000 170,000 Dividend income (42,000 ) 0 Net income $ (137,000 ) $ (240,000 ) Retained earnings, 1/1/21 $ (1,800,000 ) $ (990,000 ) Net income (137,000 ) (240,000 ) Dividends declared 240,000 60,000 Retained earnings, 12/31/21 $ (1,697,000 ) $ (1,170,000 ) Cash and receivables $ 540,000 $ 440,000 Inventory 430,000 840,000 Investment in ClipRite 840,000 0 Fixed assets 1,600,000 1,300,000 Accumulated depreciation (500,000 ) (200,000 ) Totals $ 2,910,000 $ 2,380,000 Liabilities $ (413,000 ) $ (410,000 ) Common stock (800,000 ) (800,000 ) Retained earnings, 12/31/21 (1,697,000 ) (1,170,000 ) Totals $ (2,910,000 ) $ (2,380,000 ) (Note: Parentheses indicate a credit balance.) ClipRite sold ProForm inventory costing $83,000 during the last six months of 2020 for $230,000. At year-end, 30 percent remained. ClipRite sold ProForm inventory costing $270,000 during 2021 for $390,000. At year-end, 10 percent is left. Determine the consolidated balances for the following: (Input all amounts as positive values.) Sales Cost of Goods Sold Operating Expenses Dividend Income Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest Inventory Noncontrolling Interest in Subsidiary, 12/31/21
To determine the consolidated balances for the given items, we need to combine the financial information of ProForm and ClipRite, taking into account the ownership percentage and any intercompany transactions.
Consolidated Sales:
Sales: ProForm ($940,000) + ClipRite ($880,000) = $1,820,000
Consolidated Cost of Goods Sold:
Cost of goods sold: ProForm ($605,000) + ClipRite ($470,000) = $1,075,000
Consolidated Operating Expenses:
Operating expenses: ProForm ($240,000) + ClipRite ($170,000) = $410,000
Consolidated Dividend Income:
Dividend income: ProForm ($42,000) + ClipRite ($0) = $42,000
Consolidated Net Income:
Net income: ProForm ($137,000) + ClipRite ($240,000) = $377,000
Consolidated Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest:
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest: ClipRite ($240,000) * 30% = $72,000
Consolidated Inventory:
ProForm's inventory: 30% of ($430,000 - $83,000 - $270,000) = $37,500
ClipRite's inventory: 10% of ($840,000 - $270,000) = $57,000
Consolidated inventory: $37,500 + $57,000 = $94,500
Consolidated Noncontrolling Interest in Subsidiary, 12/31/21:
Noncontrolling interest in subsidiary: ClipRite ($360,000) * 30% = $108,000
Note: The consolidated balances are calculated by adding up the corresponding values from ProForm and ClipRite, considering the ownership percentage and eliminating any intercompany transactions.
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Explain conventional and unconvential monetary policies briefly.
How does Central Bank affect the reserves in the banking system? Explain what are these vehicles and how they affect the reserves.
What does liabilities mean for the balance sheet of any bank? Explain briefly.
Explain off-balance sheet activities briefly.
Conventional monetary policies refer to the methods that central banks use to influence the economy. This includes setting interest rates, reserve requirements, and buying or selling government securities. Unconventional monetary policies, on the other hand, refer to strategies used when conventional policies are not sufficient.
This can include quantitative easing, negative interest rates, and targeted lending programs. The Central Bank affects the reserves in the banking system by controlling the supply of money. If the bank wants to increase the amount of reserves, it can buy government securities from banks, giving them more money to lend out. Conversely, if it wants to decrease reserves, it can sell securities to banks, reducing the amount of money available for lending. Vehicles such as open market operations, discount window lending, and reserve requirements affect reserves by providing banks with liquidity and affecting the demand for money. For example, if the discount rate is lowered, banks are more likely to borrow from the Central Bank, increasing reserves. Liabilities for the balance sheet of any bank refer to the debts and obligations that the bank owes to others. This includes deposits, loans, and other financial liabilities. On the balance sheet, liabilities are typically listed on the right side and reflect what the bank owes to its creditors. Off-balance sheet activities are transactions or investments that a bank engages in that do not appear on the balance sheet. These can include things like loan commitments, letters of credit, and derivatives. These activities are not recorded on the balance sheet because they do not involve the exchange of assets or liabilities, but they still have an impact on the bank's financial position.
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For a construction contractor, the wages of carpenters would be classified as factory overhead cost.
a. true
b. false
The statement is False.
Factory overhead costs include indirect expenses incurred in manufacturing operations. Factory overhead expenses include indirect materials and labor, rent, insurance, property taxes, and other expenses incurred in the manufacturing process. These costs are indirect and cannot be directly linked to the production process. The wages of carpenters would not be classified as factory overhead cost because carpenters are directly involved in the construction process. The wages of carpenters would be classified as direct labor costs.
Direct labor costs are the expenses associated with workers who are directly involved in the production process. Wages, salaries, overtime pay, bonuses, and other expenses paid to workers who are directly involved in the production process are considered direct labor costs. Carpenters, electricians, masons, and other construction workers are all examples of direct labor. Direct labor costs are used to calculate the cost of goods sold (COGS) and are an essential part of any business's profit and loss statement.
To conclude, the statement "For a construction contractor, the wages of carpenters would be classified as factory overhead cost" is False.
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Present value) What is the present value of the following future amounts? a. $900 to be received 9 years from now discounted back to the present at 9 percent. b. $300 to be received 6 years from now discounted back to the present at 8 percent. c. $1,000 to be received 12 years from now discounted back to the present at 3 percent. d. $1,200 to be received 5 years from now discounted back to the present at 18 percent. a. What is the present value of $900 to be received 9 years from now discounted bagk to the present at 9 percent S(Round to the nearest cent.)
The present value of $900 to be received 9 years from now, discounted back to the present at 9 percent, is approximately $436.38.
To calculate the present value of future amounts, you can use the formula for present value:
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Interest Rate)^n
Where:
Future Value = Amount to be received in the future
Interest Rate = Discount rate
n = Number of years
a. $900 to be received 9 years from now discounted back to the present at 9 percent:
Present Value = $900 / (1 + 0.09)^9
Present Value = $900 / (1.09)^9
Present Value ≈ $436.38 (rounded to the nearest cent)
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An entrepreneur decides to open a fish burger restaurant in a highly competitive area where many fish restaurants operate. He plans to involve customers in the service and creates an enjoyable ceremony for them. Which strategy is he using? O Differentiation - Customer Service O Differentiation - Product O Cost Leadership O Blue Ocean Strategy
The entrepreneur who decides to open a fish burger restaurant in a highly competitive area where many fish restaurants operate, plans to involve customers in the service and creates an enjoyable ceremony for them is using the Differentiation - Customer Service strategy.
Differentiation is the technique used to make a company's product or service stand out from the competition. Differentiation is the process of distinguishing a product or service from others in the market to make it more desirable to potential customers.
Customer service is the act of taking care of the needs and demands of customers by providing professional, helpful, and high-quality service before, during, and after a purchase. Customer service entails everything from assisting customers with orders to resolving their concerns and grievances.
Differentiation strategy refers to the ability of a company to separate itself from its rivals in a meaningful way. Differentiation strategy is an approach in which a company develops specific product or service features that distinguish it from its competitors. Differentiation - Customer Service is a strategy that helps a company stand out from its competitors by providing exceptional customer service.
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2 Year Plant, Property, Equipment (Gross) Accumulated depreciation reported in 2020 Annual depreciation for 2020 year 2016 $710,000 $520,000 $50,000 Find the average remaining life of Plant Property, Equipment (PPE).
Plant, Property, Equipment (Gross) 2 Year Accumulated depreciation $710,000 $520,000 Annual depreciation for 2020 year $50,000To find: The average remaining life of Plant Property, Equipment (PPE). Average Remaining Life is the ratio of accumulated depreciation to the annual depreciation expense.
It represents the average age of the asset. Therefore, the formula to calculate the Average Remaining Life is as follows: Average Remaining Life = (Gross Cost - Accumulated Depreciation) / Annual Depreciation In the given question: Average Remaining Life = ($710,000 - $520,000) / $50,000Average Remaining Life = $190,000 / $50,000Average Remaining Life = 3.8 years Therefore, the average remaining life of Plant Property, Equipment (PPE) is 3.8 years. The average remaining life of Plant Property, Equipment (PPE) is 3.8 years. Average Remaining Life is the ratio of accumulated depreciation to the annual depreciation expense. It represents the average age of the asset.
The formula to calculate the Average Remaining Life is: Average Remaining Life = (Gross Cost - Accumulated Depreciation) / Annual Depreciation Here, the Gross cost of the Plant Property Equipment is $710,000. The Accumulated Depreciation is $520,000 and the Annual Depreciation for the 2020 year is $50,000.Now, let's calculate the average remaining life of Plant Property, Equipment (PPE).Average Remaining Life = ($710,000 - $520,000) / $50,000Average Remaining Life = $190,000 / $50,000Average Remaining Life = 3.8 years Therefore, the average remaining life of Plant Property, Equipment (PPE) is 3.8 years. Average Remaining Life is the ratio of accumulated depreciation to the annual depreciation expense. It represents the average age of the asset. The formula to calculate the Average Remaining Life is: Average Remaining Life = (Gross Cost - Accumulated Depreciation) / Annual Depreciation Here, the Gross cost of the Plant Property Equipment is $710,000. The Accumulated Depreciation is $520,000 and the Annual Depreciation for the 2020 year is $50,000.
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You must always have a quantitative forecast before you launch the data. The data must be quantitative, and observations are qualitative thus not valid for a reliable forecast. You need quantitative data for a new product, and none exists. There are techniques that will get you access to the quantitative data you need. What is the technique and how does it work?
The technique to acquire quantitative data for a new product is through market research surveys. This involves conducting surveys and questionnaires to gather relevant information on the market and target audience.
Market research surveys are a powerful tool for obtaining quantitative data on a new product.
Through these surveys, a company can gather information on market trends and consumer behavior, such as buying patterns and preferences.
This data can be used to develop a reliable forecast for the new product, based on the insights gained from the survey results.
Surveys can be conducted through various channels, including online, by phone, or in-person.
The questions included in the surveys must be carefully crafted to ensure that they provide the necessary information and insights required for forecasting the success of the new product.
Additionally, the target audience for the survey must be carefully chosen to ensure that the data collected is representative of the actual consumer market.
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You have an opportunity to make an investment that promises to pay $21,000 in 7 years. If investments of similar risk yield 3.0%, what should you be willing to pay for this investment today? You should be willing to pay $ (Round the final answer to two decimal places. Enter the answer without symbols (ie. if the answer is $1.35 enter 1.35 in the answer box) What is the approximate yield to maturity on a Canada Savings Bond 5.5 trading at 97.5 that matures in 15 years? The approximate yield to maturity (in decimal form) is (Round to four decimal places as needed.) You have $6,000 to invest, and your broker has set a margin requirement of 80%. What is the total value of the investment you can make? The total value of your investment is $ Enter a whole number with no decimal places.
He should be willing to pay $16,535.21 for the investment today. The approximate yield to maturity of the bond is 0.0588 or 5.88% (approx). The total value of the investment that he can make would be $7,500.
Given the following data:
Principal = $21,000
Time to maturity = 7 years
Yield on investments of similar risk = 3%
We have to calculate the present value of the bond using the formula for present value of an investment.
The formula for present value of an investment is:
PV = FV / (1 + r)n
Where,
PV = Present value of the bond
FV = Future value of the bond
n = Time to maturity of the bond
r = Yield on investments of similar risk
Putting the given values in the above formula, we get:
PV = $21,000 / (1 + 0.03)7PV = $16,535.21
Therefore, you should be willing to pay $16,535.21 for this investment today.
Given the following data:
Par value of Canada Savings Bond = $100
Trading price of Canada Savings Bond = 97.5
Maturity period of the bond = 15 years
We have to calculate the approximate yield to maturity of the bond using the formula for yield to maturity of a bond. The formula for yield to maturity of a bond is:
YTM = [(C + (FV - PV) / n) / ((FV + PV) / 2)] * 100 Where,
YTM = Yield to maturity of the bond
C = Annual coupon payment
FV = Par value of the bond
n = Time to maturity of the bond in years
PV = Trading price of the bond
Putting the given values in the above formula, we get:
YTM = [(5.5 + (100 - 97.5) / 15) / ((100 + 97.5) / 2)] * 100YTM = [(5.5 + 2.5 / 15) / (197.5 / 2)] * 100YTM = (5.8 / 98.75) * 100YTM = 0.0588 or 5.88% (approx)
Therefore, the approximate yield to maturity of the bond is 0.0588 or 5.88% (approx).
Given the following data:
Margin requirement = 80%
Amount to invest = $6,000
We have to calculate the total value of the investment that you can make using the formula for margin.
The formula for margin is:
Total value of investment = Amount to invest / Margin requirement
Where,
Total value of investment = Total value of the investment that you can make
Amount to invest = Amount to be invested
Margin requirement = Margin required by the broker
Putting the given values in the above formula,
we get:
Total value of investment = $6,000 / 0.8
Total value of investment = $7,500
Therefore, the total value of the investment that you can make is $7,500.
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Dell Dell revolutionized the personal computer category by selling directly to customers via the telephone and later the Internet. Customers could custom-design the exact PC they wanted, and rigorous cost cutting allowed for low everyday prices. Sound like a winning formula? It was for almost two decades. But by 2006, the company was encountering problems that led to a steep stock price decline. First, reinvigorated competitors such as HP narrowed the gap in productivity and price. Always focused more on the business market, Dell struggled to sell effectively to the consumer market. A shift in consumer preferences to buying in retail stores didn't help, but self-inflicted damage from an ultra-efficient supply chain model that squeezed costs and quality out of customer service was perhaps the most painful. Managers evaluated call center employees primarily on how quickly they finished each call - a recipe for disaster as scores of customers felt their problems were ignored or not properly handled. A drop in R&D spending that hindered new-product development and led to a lack of differentiation didn't help either. Clearly, Dell had entered a new chapter in its history. A fundamental rethinking of its channel strategy and its marketing approach as a whole would consume the company for the next five years. Source from: Kotler, P. and Keller, K., 2012. Marketing Management. 14th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Retrieved date: 4 April 2022 Question: 1) Discuss TWO (2) importance of marketing channel. Provide examples for your discussion. 2) In your opinion, explain TWO (2) challenges of Dell of using direct marketing channel for the sales of computers to the end customers. Concur your discussion with examples.
Marketing channel can be defined as the path that goods and services follow from producers to consumers. These channels have different advantages that make it important for companies to choose the right channel for their products.
Dell, a computer company, had encountered a number of issues that led to a decline in its stock price. This essay aims to discuss the importance of marketing channels and explain two challenges of Dell using direct marketing channels. 1. Importance of marketing channel Marketing channels play an important role in the distribution of goods and services. One of the main benefits of marketing channels is that they provide a link between the producer and the consumer. This enables consumers to access products they need with ease and convenience.
This is a significant challenge that has led to a decline in Dell's stock price. The second challenge is that Dell's direct marketing channels have led to a poor customer experience. Dell's call center employees were evaluated based on how quickly they finished each call. This led to customers feeling that their problems were ignored or not properly handled. Dell should have improved its customer service by investing in employee training and increasing R&D spending to develop new products and improve customer satisfaction. In conclusion, it is important for companies to choose the right marketing channels to achieve their marketing objectives.
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Fast-moving Consumer Good (FMCG) They are non-durable consumer goods that sell like hotcakes as they usually come with a low price and high usability. These products are usually stacked up on the shelves of the supermarkets. Less durability, high demand, and low price are some FMCG traits that enable them to be sold off quickly. These goods (FMCG) are non-durable by nature. They have a huge demand and are affordable for most everyone. Sometimes, they are also called consumer packaged goods or CPG, as many are packaged goods. Proper planning, innovation, localization, diversification, and investment are the reasons behind many FMCG brands' success. Here are several types of fast-moving consumer goods products. # 1 - Processed Foods They come in a package. Some serve as a cooking ingredient; some are ready-to-eat food, while some have nutritional value. For example, tinned vegetables, cereals, flavored yogurt, cheese, tofu, canned beans, etc. Almost all kinds of food are processed. Some of them contain artificial flavors and preservatives to increase their shelf life. Almost all kinds of food undergo some form of processing. For example, even a can of fresh diced tomatoes undergoes cleaning, dicing, and packaging. Also, sometimes vitamins are added to dairy products to boost their nutritional levels. 2. Examine the scenario on how a Fast-moving Consumer Good can be distributed by their organization: With suitable example based on scenario a) Manufacturer's background. b) Functions of marketing channel. [3 marks] [12 marks]
Fast-moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) are non-durable consumer goods that have high demand, low price, and quick turnover. They are typically sold in supermarkets and are known for their affordability and convenience. Examples of FMCG include processed foods like canned vegetables, cereals, flavored yogurt, and cheese.
Fast-moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) are consumer goods that are non-durable by nature, meaning they are consumed or used up quickly. They have a high demand and are affordable for most people, contributing to their rapid sales. FMCG products are often referred to as consumer packaged goods (CPG) due to their packaging. The success of FMCG brands is often attributed to proper planning, innovation, localization, diversification, and investment.
One type of FMCG product is processed foods. These products come in packages and serve various purposes, such as cooking ingredients or ready-to-eat meals.
Examples of processed foods include tinned vegetables, cereals, flavored yogurt, cheese, and canned beans. Processing techniques are applied to most types of food, even for basic tasks like cleaning, dicing, and packaging fresh diced tomatoes. In some cases, artificial flavors, preservatives, or added vitamins are used to increase shelf life or enhance nutritional levels.To distribute FMCG products, the manufacturer plays a crucial role. They are responsible for producing and packaging the goods, ensuring quality, and establishing distribution networks. The functions of the marketing channel, which includes various intermediaries such as wholesalers and retailers, help in the distribution process. These intermediaries facilitate the movement of FMCG products from the manufacturer to the end consumers through activities like warehousing, transportation, promotion, and retailing. The marketing channel functions enable efficient distribution and availability of FMCG products to meet consumer demands.
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In the light of the main theories of capital structure, provide
a discussion of the evolution of the capital structure of Snap in
the initial three years after its IPO.
Snap's capital structure has evolved over the years, moving from an equity-oriented structure to a more balanced mix of debt and equity. The company has used the proceeds from its financing activities to finance its operations and investments and to repay its existing debt, balancing the benefits and costs of debt financing, and equity financing.
The capital structure of a company refers to the way it finances its operations and investments, using both equity and debt. The primary objective of the capital structure is to achieve an optimal balance between debt and equity that maximizes the company's value and minimizes its cost of capital.
In light of the main theories of capital structure, the two main theories are the trade-off theory and the pecking order theory. The trade-off theory suggests that companies aim to balance the benefits and costs of debt financing, while the pecking order theory proposes that companies prefer internal financing first, then debt, and finally equity as a last resort.
Snap's capital structure in the first year after its IPO was primarily composed of equity, with no long-term debt. This aligns with the pecking order theory, which suggests that companies prefer internal financing and equity over debt.
In the second year after its IPO, Snap's capital structure shifted towards a more balanced mix of debt and equity, as the company issued convertible notes worth $1.3 billion.
In the third year after its IPO, Snap's capital structure became more debt-oriented, as the company issued $1 billion worth of senior unsecured notes. This aligns with the trade-off theory, which suggests that companies aim to balance the benefits and costs of debt financing. Snap used the proceeds from the senior unsecured notes to finance its operations and investments and to repay its existing debt.
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Suppose initially there are no opportunities for intertemporal trade in 301land and that these opportunities are subsequently introduced. Which of the following statements makes the most accurate comparison between an economic agents opportunities to shift consumption across time before and after the introduction of opportunities for intertemporal trade?
A. In the absence of intertemporal trade, economic agents in 301land can transform units of current consumption into units of future consumption at a rate of one for one but are unable to transform future consumption into current consumption. However, the introduction of opportunities for intertemporal trade allows households to transform units of current consumption into units of future consumption at a rate of 1 for 1/(1+r) and to transform units of future consumption into units of current consumption at a rate of 1 for (1+r).
B. In the absence of intertemporal trade, economic agents in 301land can transform units of current consumption into units of future consumption at a rate of one for one but are unable to transform future consumption into current consumption. However, the introduction of opportunities for intertemporal trade allows households to transform units of current consumption into units of future consumption at a rate of 1 for (1+r) and to transform units of future consumption into units of current consumption at a rate of 1 for 1/(1+r).
C. In the absence of intertemporal trade, economic agents in 301land can transform units of current consumption into units of future consumption at a rate of one for one and transform units of future consumption into units of current consumption at a rate of one for one. However, the introduction of opportunities for intertemporal trade allows households to transform units of current consumption into units of future consumption at a rate of 1 for (1+r) and to transform units of future consumption into units of current consumption at a rate of 1 for 1/(1+r).
D. In the absence of intertemporal trade, economic agents in 301land can transform units of current consumption into units of future consumption at a rate of one for one and transform units of future consumption into units of current consumption at a rate of one for one. However, the introduction of opportunities for intertemporal trade allows households to transform units of current consumption into units of future consumption at a rate of 1 for 1/(1+r) and to transform units of future consumption into units of current consumption at a rate of 1 for (1+r).
The most accurate statement is:
B. In the absence of intertemporal trade, economic agents in 301land can transform units of current consumption into units of future consumption at a rate of one for one but are unable to transform future consumption into current consumption. However, the introduction of opportunities for intertemporal trade allows households to transform units of current consumption into units of future consumption at a rate of 1 for (1+r) and to transform units of future consumption into units of current consumption at a rate of 1 for 1/(1+r).
Before the introduction of opportunities for intertemporal trade, economic agents in 301land can only convert current consumption into future consumption on a one-to-one basis. This means that for every unit of current consumption they give up, they receive one unit of future consumption. However, they are unable to transform future consumption back into current consumption.
After the introduction of intertemporal trade opportunities, households can convert units of current consumption into units of future consumption at a rate of 1 for (1+r), where "r" represents the interest rate. This implies that to obtain one unit of future consumption, they need to give up more than one unit of current consumption, reflecting the time value of money.
Furthermore, with the introduction of intertemporal trade, households can also transform units of future consumption into units of current consumption at a rate of 1 for 1/(1+r). This means that to obtain one unit of current consumption, they need to give up less than one unit of future consumption, again considering the time value of money.
The introduction of opportunities for intertemporal trade in 301land allows economic agents to exchange consumption across time at different rates than the one-to-one ratio present in the absence of intertemporal trade. It enables households to convert current consumption into future consumption at a rate reflecting the interest rate, and vice versa.
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A service can be defined as "any activity or benefit that one party can offer another that is essentially intangible and that does not result in the ownership of anything."
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
A. TRUE. A service can be defined as "any activity or benefit that one party can offer another that is essentially intangible and that does not result in the ownership of anything.
A service can be defined as an activity or benefit that one party offers another. A service does not result in the ownership of anything. Instead, it provides intangible value to the recipient of the service. A service can be considered an activity that is performed to produce a certain outcome.
A service does not result in the possession of a physical object, but rather the results of the activity performed. As such, a service is generally considered intangible. A product, on the other hand, is something that can be touched, held, and possessed. Products are tangible and can be owned by the purchaser.
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Suppose you want a device (joint probability distribution) to formulate libertarian 2 equilibrium for the above game. write down the maximization problem with the constraints. you do not need to solve the problem.
The maximization problem to formulate the libertarian 2 equilibrium for the given game involves finding the optimal joint probability distribution that maximizes the objective-function, subject to certain constraints.
To formulate the maximization problem, we need to define the objective function and the constraints. In this case, the objective is to find the joint probability distribution that represents the libertarian 2 equilibrium. The joint probability distribution specifies the probabilities associated with each combination of strategies chosen by the players.
The constraints in the maximization problem typically involve ensuring that the probabilities sum up to 1 and that each player's strategy choices are consistent with the equilibrium concept. For example, in a libertarian 2 equilibrium, the players may choose strategies that maximize their own payoffs while respecting the constraints imposed by the game.
The specific formulation of the maximization problem will depend on the details of the game, including the payoff matrix and the equilibrium concept being applied. It involves defining the decision variables, the objective function to be maximized, and the constraints that must be satisfied.
The maximization problem for formulating the libertarian 2 equilibrium involves finding the joint probability distribution that maximizes the objective function while satisfying the necessary constraints. Solving this problem would provide the optimal probabilities for each combination of strategies chosen by the players, leading to the desired equilibrium outcome in the game.
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1. The reasons of using social media & technology are different according user’s
objectives. Especially for the businesses, they need the budget for distributing the
product’s news to the customers. Characterize FIVE (5) social media IMPACT
towards Small Medium Enterprise in Malaysia. (10 Marks)
There are various reasons for using social media and technology, which depend on the user's objectives. Businesses require a budget for disseminating their products' news to customers. This paper describes five social media impacts on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia.
Social media is a powerful tool for SMEs in Malaysia to reach out to their customers. Following are the five social media impacts on small medium enterprises in Malaysia:
1. Improve Brand Awareness: Social media platforms have enormous potential for promoting businesses. They help in enhancing brand recognition, increasing brand visibility and reaching a broader audience with their content. Social media marketing also allows SMEs to develop their unique brand identity that distinguishes them from competitors.
2. Increase Web Traffic: Social media is an excellent tool for driving web traffic to a company's website. SMEs in Malaysia can improve their web traffic by sharing links to their website on their social media pages.
3. Better Customer Engagement: Social media platforms have become a two-way communication channel between businesses and their customers. SMEs in Malaysia can use social media to connect with their customers, listen to their feedback, and respond to their queries.
4. Cost-Effective Marketing: Social media platforms offer cost-effective marketing solutions to SMEs. They can advertise their products and services at a much lower cost than traditional advertising methods.
5. Increased Sales: Social media can play a significant role in boosting sales for SMEs in Malaysia. Social media provides businesses with an opportunity to target their ideal customers and generate leads. SMEs can leverage social media platforms to create campaigns that appeal to their target audience and encourage them to make purchases.
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Brown Company is considering the purchase of Orange Company. Orange Company has supplied the following information: Book Value of Identifiable Assets: 882000 Estimated Market Value of Identifiable Assets: 759000 Total Liabilities: 208000 Total cumulative net cash earnings for the past eight years of 583000 includes extraordinary cash gains of 78000 and nonrecurring cash losses of 74000. Brown Company expects a return on investment of 15%. Brown uses cash earnings to estimate its offering price and it estimates valuation of Orange to be equal to the present value of cash-based earnings, discounted over 8 years. 1. The offering price that Brown is willing to pay is 324769.9 0324768.3375 and goodwill associated with this amount is 226230.10 X 2. If final purchase price is 888000, the amount of goodwill actually recorded is 329000 x
The offering price that Brown is willing to pay for Orange Company is $324,769.90, with associated goodwill of $226,230.10. If the final purchase price is $888,000, the amount of goodwill actually recorded is $329,000.
1. The offering price that Brown is willing to pay is $324,769.90, and the goodwill associated with this amount is $226,230.10.
Brown Company determines its offering price based on the present value of cash-based earnings, discounted over 8 years, and their desired return on investment of 15%. The total cumulative net cash earnings for the past eight years are $583,000, which includes extraordinary cash gains of $78,000 and nonrecurring cash losses of $74,000. To calculate the offering price, Brown discounts these cash earnings over 8 years at a rate of 15% and arrives at a present value of $324,769.90. The goodwill associated with this offering price is the difference between the offering price and the estimated market value of identifiable assets, which is $226,230.10.
2. If the final purchase price is $888,000, the amount of goodwill actually recorded is $329,000.
In this scenario, the final purchase price of Orange Company is $888,000. The goodwill actually recorded is calculated by subtracting the estimated market value of identifiable assets from the final purchase price. The estimated market value of identifiable assets is $759,000, as provided. Therefore, the goodwill actually recorded is $888,000 - $759,000 = $329,000.
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Problem 17-47 (Algo) (LO 17-6) The City of Wolfe issues its financial statements for Year 4 (assume that the city uses a calendar year). The city's general fund is composed of two functions: (1) education and (2) parks. The city also utilizes capital projects funds for ongoing construction and an enterprise fund to account for an art museum. The city also has one discretely presented component unit. The government-wide financial statements indicate the following Year 4 totals. Education had net expenses of $652,000. Parks had net expenses of $143,000. Art museum had net revenues of $73,750. General revenues were $960,250. The overall increase in net position for the city was $239,000. The fund financial statements for Year 4 indicate the following: The general fund had an increase of $41,000 in its fund balance. The capital projects fund had an increase of $63,500 in its fund balance. The enterprise fund had an increase of $78,250 in its net position balance. Officials for the City of Wolfe define "available" as current financial resources to be paid or collected within 60 days. On the first day of Year 4, the city receives a painting as a gift that qualifies as a work of art. It has an expected life of 30 years, is worth $19,500, and is displayed by the city at one of the local parks. The accountant accidentally capitalizes and depreciates it although Officials for the City of Wolfe define "available" as current financial resources to be paid or collected within 60 days. On the first day of Year 4, the city receives a painting as a gift that qualifies as a work of art. It has an expected life of 30 years, is worth $19,500, and is displayed by the city at one of the local parks. The accountant accidentally capitalizes and depreciates it although officials wanted to use the allowed alternative. Respond to the following questions: a. According to the information provided, the general fund reported a $41,000 increase in its fund balance. If the accountant had used the allowed alternative, what would the city report as the change in fund balance for the general fund for the year? b. According to the information provided, the parks reported net expenses of $143,000. If the accountant had used the allowed alternative, what would the city report as the correct net expense for parks for the year? c. Assume the same information except that the art was given to the art museum but then not recorded at all. What should have been the overall change in net position for Year 4 on government-wide financial statements, assuming that officials still preferred the allowed alternative? a The change in fund balance for the general fund is b. Net expense for parks for the year is C The overall change in net position for year 4 is
a) According to the information provided, the general fund reported a $41,000 increase in its fund balance. If the accountant had used the allowed alternative, the city would report the change in fund balance for the general fund for the year as:
[tex]\[\text{Change in fund balance for general fund} = \$41,000 - \$19,500 = \$21,500\][/tex]
b) According to the information provided, the parks reported net expenses of $143,000. If the accountant had used the allowed alternative, the city would report the correct net expense for parks for the year as:
[tex]\[\text{Correct net expense for parks} = \$143,000 - \$0 = \$143,000\][/tex]
c) Assume the same information except that the art was given to the art museum but then not recorded at all. The overall change in net position for Year 4 on government-wide financial statements, assuming that officials still preferred the allowed alternative, would be:
[tex]\[\text{Overall change in net position for Year 4} = \$239,000 - \$73,750 = \$165,250\][/tex]
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Explain what effect an increase in the unemployment rate will
have on the real wage based on: a)the wage setting (WS) relation
b)the price setting(PS) relation
a) An increase in the unemployment rate is likely to put downward pressure on wages, leading to a decrease in the real wage.
When the unemployment rate increases, it generally indicates a higher supply of labor relative to the demand for labor.
In this situation, job seekers may face more competition for available positions, leading to a decrease in their bargaining power.
b) An increase in the unemployment rate may lead to downward pressure on prices.
When the unemployment rate increases, it generally indicates a weakening labor market and potentially lower consumer demand.
In response to these conditions, firms may face challenges in selling their products or services, and they may experience lower revenues and profit margins. In order to maintain profitability, firms may be inclined to reduce their costs, including labor costs.
Thus, firms may also adjust their prices by lowering them to stimulate demand and attract customers.
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QUESTION 30 Distribution of income-wages, rent, interest, profits - is dependent upon the ownership of property- land and capital. True False QUESTION 31 An increase in price of a product will lead to an increase in quantity supplied and a decrease in quantity demanded in a market in competition. True False
The distribution of income in an economy is dependent on the ownership of property is true and An increase in price of a product will lead to an increase in quantity supplied and a decrease in quantity demanded in a market in competition is false.
Distribution of income-wages, rent, interest, profits - is dependent upon the ownership of property- land and capital.The given statement is True. The distribution of income in an economy is dependent on the ownership of property.
Wages, rent, interest, and profits are the primary source of income. The distribution of these incomes is primarily based on the ownership of property. Capital and land are the two significant factors that determine the distribution of income in the economy.
Rent is the amount paid for the use of land, while wages refer to the payment for labor. Interest is paid for the use of capital while profits are the excess returns earned by the business owners after deducting all the expenses.
An increase in price of a product will lead to an increase in quantity supplied and a decrease in quantity demanded in a market in competition.The given statement is False. An increase in the price of a product will lead to a decrease in the quantity demanded of that product. This relationship is known as the law of demand.
Quantity supplied, on the other hand, increases with an increase in the price of a product. This relationship is known as the law of supply.
In conclusion, The distribution of income in an economy is dependent on the ownership of property is true and An increase in price of a product will lead to an increase in quantity supplied and a decrease in quantity demanded in a market in competition is false.
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For a company to translate its performance of value chain activities into a competitive advantage, it must
a
have at least three distinctive competencies.
b
undertake ongoing and persistent efforts to be cost-efficient and develop differentiation advantages.
c
have more core competencies than rivals.
d
have competencies that allow it to produce the highest-quality product in the industry.
e
have more competitive assets than competitive liabilities.
For a company to translate its performance of value chain activities into a competitive advantage, it must- B. undertake ongoing and persistent efforts to be cost-efficient and develop differentiation advantages.
What is the reason?Value chain activities of a company involve the activities undertaken to make a product or service from its conception to delivery. Value chain activities that a company performs can be categorized into two broad categories: Primary activities and Support activities.
Primary activities include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service.Support activities include procurement, technology development, human resource management, and infrastructure.A company can translate its performance of value chain activities into a competitive advantage by undertaking ongoing and persistent efforts to be cost-efficient and develop differentiation advantages.
A cost-efficient firm can offer products or services at lower prices than its rivals, making it an attractive option for consumers. On the other hand, differentiation advantages are achieved when a firm offers unique features and benefits that its competitors do not.
These differentiation advantages may include higher quality products or services, better customer service, or faster delivery times.
Hence, option b. is correct.
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Waterway Company borrowed $950000 from Bank Two on January 1.2020 in order to expand its mining capabilities The five-year note required annual payments of $257042 and carried an annual interest rate of 10%. What is the amount of interest expense Waterway must recognize on its 2021 income statement? O $78795.80 $73015.80 $65852.80 $95000.00
The amount of interest expense Waterway must recognize on its 2021 income statement is $69295.80.
Waterway Company borrowed $950000 from Bank Two on January 1, 2020, to expand its mining capabilities. The five-year note required annual payments of $257042 and carried an annual interest rate of 10%.Here is how to calculate the amount of interest expense Waterway must recognize on its 2021 income statement; As of the end of 2020, Waterway would have paid Bank Two one annual payment of $257042 and would still owe four annual payments. The principal remaining on the loan at the end of 2020 will be $950000 minus $257042 = $692958.
To find the amount of interest expense Waterway must recognize on its 2021 income statement, we need to calculate the interest on the outstanding balance of the loan as of the end of 2020. The formula for calculating interest is: Interest = Principal × Rate × Time The principal at the end of 2020 was $692958. The rate is 10%. We need to calculate the time period from the end of 2020 to the end of 2021. It is one year. So, Interest expense = $692958 × 0.10 × 1= $69295.80.
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At 1 September 2012 Riskit had an insurance prepayment of $9,200. On 1 January 2013 the company paid $42,000 for insurance for the year ended 31 December 2013. What figures should appear for insurance in Riskit's financial statements for the year ended 31 August 2013?
Riskit's insurance expense figure for the year ended 31 August 2013 must be $32,400. A balance sheet at 31 August 2013 should show a prepayment of $6,800 for insurance.
To solve the given question, we need to calculate the insurance expenses and prepayments. Let's first calculate the insurance expenses:Insurance expenses = $42,000 - $9,200 (prepaid at 1 September 2012)= $32,800We can conclude that the insurance expenses are $32,800.
Now, let's calculate the insurance prepayment.The balance sheet should show an insurance prepayment of $6,800 ($9,200 - $2,400), which is calculated as follows:Insurance prepayment at 1 September 2012 = $9,200 Insurance expense for 2012/2013 = $42,000 - $9,200 = $32,800Insurance prepayment at 31 August 2013 = $9,200 - $32,800 = $-23,600This means that the company no longer has any prepaid insurance at the end of 31 August 2013.
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2.- Seat has a debt–equity ratio of 1
Its WACC is 10 percent, and its cost of debt is 5 percent.
The corporate tax rate is 25 percent.
Find cost of equity capital
What is the unlevered cost of equity capital?
What would the cost of equity be if the debt–equity ratio was 2?
To find the cost of equity capital, we can use the formula:
Cost of Equity = WACC - (Debt/Equity) * (WACC - Cost of Debt) * (1 - Tax Rate)
Given that Seat has a debt-equity ratio of 1, WACC of 10%, cost of debt of 5%, and a corporate tax rate of 25%, we can substitute these values into the formula:
Cost of Equity = 10% - (1/1) * (10% - 5%) * (1 - 0.25)
= 10% - 5% * 0.75
= 10% - 3.75%
= 6.25%
So the cost of equity capital for Seat is 6.25%.
To find the unlevered cost of equity capital, we need to remove the impact of debt from the cost of equity calculation. The unlevered cost of equity is the cost of equity assuming the company has no debt. In this case, the unlevered cost of equity would be equal to the cost of equity capital:
Unlevered Cost of Equity Capital = 6.25%
If the debt-equity ratio was 2, we can use the same formula to find the new cost of equity:
Cost of Equity = 10% - (2/1) * (10% - 5%) * (1 - 0.25)
= 10% - 10% * 0.75
= 10% - 7.5%
= 2.5%
So if the debt-equity ratio was 2, the cost of equity would be 2.5%.
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Craig Corporation has just paid dividends of $2.25. per share, which the company projects will grow at a constant rate of 5% percent forever. If Craig Corporation's shareholders require a 10 percent rate of return, what is the price of it's common stock. O $36.50 O $45.75 O $42.00 O $47.25
To calculate the price of Craig Corporation's common stock, we can use the Gordon Growth Model (also known as the Dividend Discount Model.
In this case, the dividend per share is $2.25, and the growth rate is 5%. The required rate of return is 10%.Therefore, the price of Craig Corporation's common stock is $45.75. Let's recalculate the price of Craig Corporation's common stock assuming a constant growth rate.The formula for the Gordon Growth Model (Dividend Discount Model) with constant growth is as follows In this case, the most recent dividend paid is $2.25, the growth rate is 5%, and the required rate of return is 10%.
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Louise McIntyre’s monthly gross income is $3,900. Her employer withholds $860 in federal, state, and local income taxes and $410 in Social Security taxes per month. Louise contributes $260 each month to her IRA. Her monthly credit payments for VISA and MasterCard are $145 and $185, respectively. Her monthly payment on an automobile loan is $295.
a. What is Louise's debt payments-to-income ratio? (Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)
Monthly gross income = $3,900.Income Taxes = $860.Social Security Taxes = $410.Monthly contribution to IRA = $260.Credit payment for VISA = $145.Credit payment for MasterCard = $185.Monthly automobile loan payment = $295.To calculate the debt payments to income ratio of Louise McIntyre, we need to calculate her total monthly debt payments and then divide it by her monthly gross income.Total Monthly Debt Payments = Monthly payment for VISA + Monthly payment for MasterCard + Monthly automobile loan paymentTotal Monthly Debt Payments = $145 + $185 + $295Total Monthly Debt Payments = $625Debt Payments to Income Ratio = (Total Monthly Debt Payments / Monthly Gross Income) × 100Debt Payments to Income Ratio = (625 / 3900) × 100Debt Payments to Income Ratio = 0.160256 × 100Debt Payments to Income Ratio = 16.03%Therefore, Louise's debt payments-to-income ratio is 16.03%.
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During 2012, Bascom Bakery Inc. paid out $23855 of common dividends. It ended the year with $194723 of retained eamings versus the prior year's taimed namings of $125578 How much net income did the firm eam during the year?
Bascom Bakery Inc. earned a net income of $92,000 during the year 2012.
Use this formula to calculate the net income of Bascom Bakery Inc. during 2012:
Net Income = Retained Earnings at the End of the Year - Retained Earnings at the Beginning of the Year + Dividends Paid
Retained Earnings at the Beginning of the Year (prior year) = $125,578
Retained Earnings at the End of the Year = $194,723
Dividends Paid = $23,855
Net Income = $194,723 - $125,578 + $23,855
Net Income = $92,000
Therefore, the net income is $92,000 during the year 2012.
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