1. Lack of thorough documentation: The company does not require additional supporting documents for credit facility applications, which increases the risk of inaccurate information and potential fraud.
2. Inadequate credit evaluation: The automatic granting of credit facilities to major clients without proper assessment may lead to higher credit risks and potential bad debts.
3. Inefficient billing process: The immediate handover of job orders to the billing department may result in errors or delays in creating accurate sales invoices.
4. Insufficient credit collection procedures: Reliance on phone calls as reminders and absence of formal demand letters may weaken the credit collection process and reduce effectiveness in recovering overdue payments.
5. Lack of clear bad debt classification procedures: The absence of defined criteria for identifying and handling bad debt clients can result in delays in recognizing and addressing uncollectible accounts.
ii. Possible impacts on Royal V.:
1. Financial losses: Inaccurate or fraudulent credit facility applications can lead to higher default rates and financial losses for the company.
2. Cash flow problems: Inefficient billing processes and lenient credit terms can result in delayed or non-payment by clients, affecting the company's cash flow and liquidity.
3. Increased bad debts: Insufficient credit collection procedures and unclear bad debt classification can lead to higher levels of uncollectible accounts, negatively impacting the company's profitability and financial stability.
For verifying purchases and trade payables balances, the auditor can perform the following substantive procedures:
1. Reviewing purchase orders, invoices, and receiving reports: The auditor can examine these documents to ensure the accuracy and validity of recorded purchases and the completeness of payables balances.
2. Confirming balances with suppliers: The auditor can directly communicate with suppliers to confirm the amounts owed, terms, and any disputes or adjustments related to trade payables.
3. Analyzing accounts payable aging schedule: By reviewing the aging schedule, the auditor can assess the classification of payables and identify any overdue or potentially unrecorded liabilities.
4. Testing accounts payable cutoff: The auditor can select a sample of transactions near the year-end and verify if they are recorded in the correct period, ensuring proper cutoff and accurate financial reporting.
These procedures help the auditor assess the completeness, accuracy, and valuation of purchases and trade payables, ensuring that they are fairly stated in accordance with accounting standards.
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" In conventional banking , Ointeresto predetermines a fixed rate of return on a loan advanced by the financier irrespective of the profit carmed or loss suffered by the debtor . As interest is deemed impermissible in islam , the Musharaka contract does not envisage a fixed rate of return Explain the Mushoraka contract and how its uses in Islamic Banking .
The Musharaka contract is a fundamental concept in Islamic banking that avoids the use of interest. Unlike conventional banking, where a fixed rate of return is predetermined, Musharaka involves a partnership where both the financier and the debtor share in the profits and losses.
The Musharaka contract is an important component of Islamic banking, which operates based on principles derived from Islamic law (Shariah). In conventional banking, interest (known as "Riba") is charged on loans, regardless of the financial outcome of the debtor. However, Islam prohibits the charging or receiving of interest as it is considered exploitative. In contrast, the Musharaka contract promotes a fair and equitable partnership between the financier and the debtor.
Under the Musharaka contract, the financier provides the capital, while the debtor contributes their skills, labor, or other assets. Both parties share in the profits and losses of the venture in predetermined ratios, reflecting their respective contributions. This arrangement aligns with the principles of risk-sharing and encourages shared responsibility.
Islamic banks utilize the Musharaka contract in various ways. It is commonly used for financing business ventures, real estate projects, and trade transactions. In a business partnership, the bank and the entrepreneur become partners, sharing the profits or losses based on their agreed-upon ratios. The bank's role is that of a capital provider, while the entrepreneur manages the operations. In real estate, the bank and the client can enter into a Musharaka agreement to finance the purchase or development of properties, with profits and losses distributed accordingly. This partnership-based approach ensures a more ethical and equitable financial system that adheres to Islamic principles.
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Company BW has 50,000 shares of preferred stock outstanding. The par value is $10 and dividend rate is 12%. Dividends are paid every six months and the current market price of the preferred is $8.76 per share. Find the annual effective cost of preferred stocks.
In the given statement, The annual effective cost of preferred stocks is 13.7%.
The preferred stock is a kind of stock that has a higher claim on the assets and earnings of the corporation than common stock. Preferred stock is a form of capital stock that pays a fixed dividend and has priority over common stock in terms of dividends and claims on assets. Preferred stockholders get paid their dividends before common stockholders, and they also have a higher claim on the company's assets. Companies issue preferred stock to raise funds and meet investment goals. Preferred stock is known for its predictable dividend payouts, which makes it an attractive investment option for investors.
The annual effective cost of preferred stocks is the dividend rate or yield of the preferred stock. The annual dividend paid on a preferred stock is equal to the dividend rate times the par value per share. The annual dividend paid on a share of preferred stock is calculated by multiplying the par value of the stock by its dividend rate. In this scenario, the par value of the stock is $10 and the dividend rate is 12%.
The dividend paid on a share of preferred stock is:
Annual dividend paid = Par value * Dividend rate Annual dividend paid
= $10 * 12% = $1.20 per share
The current market price of the preferred stock is $8.76 per share.
We can calculate the annual effective cost of preferred stocks by dividing the annual dividend by the current market price.
Annual effective cost of preferred stocks = Annual dividend paid / Current market price Annual effective cost of preferred stocks = $1.20 / $8.76Annual effective cost of preferred stocks
= 0.137 (rounded to three decimal places) or 13.7%
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Dana Company manufactures and sells a single product. The following costs were incurred during the company's first year of operations: Variable costs per unit: Manufacturing Direct materials $18 Direct labor $7 Variable manufacturing overhead $2 Variable selling and administrative $2 Fixed costs per year: Fixed manufacturing overhead $200,000 Fixed selling and administrative expenses $ 110,000 During the year, the company produced 20,000 units and sold 16,000 units. The selling price of the company's product is $50 per unit. Required: Assume that the company uses absorption costing a) Compute the unit product cost. (3 marks) (5 marks) b) Prepare an income statement for the year (use the detailed format of income statement which shows the calculation of the cost of goods sold).
The income statement for the year using absorption costing shows a net operating loss of -$22,000. a) To compute the unit product cost using absorption costing, we need to include both variable and fixed manufacturing costs in the calculation.
Variable costs per unit:
Direct materials: $18
Direct labor: $7
Variable manufacturing overhead: $2
Variable selling and administrative: $2
Total variable cost per unit: $18 + $7 + $2 + $2 = $29
Fixed costs per year:
Fixed manufacturing overhead: $200,000
Fixed selling and administrative expenses: $110,000
Total fixed costs: $200,000 + $110,000 = $310,000
Total units produced: 20,000
Unit product cost = (Total variable cost + Total fixed costs) / Total units produced
Unit product cost = ($29 x 20,000 + $310,000) / 20,000
Unit product cost = ($580,000 + $310,000) / 20,000
Unit product cost = $890,000 / 20,000
Unit product cost = $44.50
Therefore, the unit product cost using absorption costing is $44.50.
b) Income Statement (using the detailed format):
Sales:
Units sold: 16,000
Selling price per unit: $50
Total sales revenue: 16,000 x $50 = $800,000
Cost of Goods Sold:
Units sold: 16,000
Unit product cost: $44.50
Total cost of goods sold: 16,000 x $44.50 = $712,000
Gross Profit: $800,000 - $712,000 = $88,000
Operating Expenses:
Fixed selling and administrative expenses: $110,000
Net Operating Loss: $88,000 - $110,000 = -$22,000
Therefore, the income statement for the year using absorption costing shows a net operating loss of -$22,000.
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The Amelia Corporation was incorporated on January 1, 2005, with the following authorized capitalization: . 40,000 shares of common stock, no par value, stated value $40 per share · 10,000 shares of 5 percent cumulative preferred stock, par value $10 per share During 2005, Amelia issued 24,000 shares of common stock for a total of $1,200,000 and 6,000 shares of preferred stock at $16 per share. In addition, on December 20, 2005, subscriptions for 2,000 shares of preferred stock were taken at a purchase price of $17. These subscribed shares were paid for on January 2, 2006. What should Amelia report as total contributed capital on its December 31, 2005, balance sheet?
Total contributed capital on its December 31, 2005, balance sheet should be $1,560,000. Amelia Corporation has been authorized with 40,000 shares of common stock with no par value but with a stated value of $40 per share and 10,000 shares of 5 percent cumulative preferred stock, with a par value of $10 per share.
During 2005, Amelia issued 24,000 shares of common stock for a total of $1,200,000 and 6,000 shares of preferred stock at $16 per share. Furthermore, subscriptions for 2,000 shares of preferred stock were taken at a purchase price of $17 on December 20, 2005. These subscribed shares were paid for on January 2, 2006.
Therefore, the total contributed capital on its December 31, 2005, balance sheet should be $1,560,000. This is due to the fact that the number of shares issued by Amelia and their corresponding prices, which total $1,200,000 for 24,000 shares of common stock and $96,000 for 6,000 shares of preferred stock. And the subscription price for 2,000 shares of preferred stock at $17 per share will total $34,000.
Therefore, the sum of all of these is $1,560,000, which is the total contributed capital for Amelia Corporation as of December 31, 2005, for its balance sheet.
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a. Any employee who works more than 8 hours per day must be paid overtime. 1. True 2.False b. A corporation is a legal entity created and recognized by federal law. 1.True 2.False c. A law that has any impact on religion is unconstitutional. 1.True 2.False
a. True, according to federal law, employees who work more than 8 hours per day must be paid overtime.
b. True, a corporation is a legal entity created and recognized by federal law, separate from its owners or members.
c. False, laws can have an impact on religion as long as they do not violate the First Amendment's protections of freedom of religion.
a. Any employee who works more than 8 hours per day must be paid overtime. Answer: TrueExplanation: According to the federal law, if an employee works more than 8 hours per day, he or she should be paid overtime. The overtime pay is 1.5 times their normal rate of pay.b. A corporation is a legal entity created and recognized by federal law. Answer: TrueExplanation: A corporation is a legal entity created and recognized by federal law. It has its own rights, powers, and obligations separate from those of its owners or members. The process of incorporating a company involves filing the necessary paperwork with the state government in which the company wishes to incorporate.c. A law that has any impact on religion is unconstitutional. Answer: FalseExplanation: A law that has any impact on religion is not necessarily unconstitutional. The First Amendment to the US Constitution protects freedom of religion, but it does not mean that laws cannot impact religion at all. Laws can impact religion in various ways as long as they do not prohibit the free exercise of religion or establish a religion.
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(1) Everything that has happened up until this moment is part of history. Historians reconstruct the past based on documents and artifacts that are available to them, and what may be available to a given historian may differ depending on a variety of factors.
In this unit, we have been learning about Native Americans and European encounter.
For this journal entry, imagine what a historian conducting research 150 years from now would want to know about what is happening in the United States today. Write for 15 minutes, A minimum of 250 words, about what you think that historian would want and need to know. ( Yes I will run a program to count words!) Think of your journal entry as a "primary source document" that will be uncovered in 150 years - your journal entry will help that historian understand the United States today. Make sure you do RESEARCH and give solid numbers and statistics and facts as well as your own personal opinions. CITE your sources at the end of your entry. The citation need not be formal but does NOT count in your 250 word count.
A historian researching the United States 150 years from now would be interested in a wide range of topics. Understanding the demographic composition, political landscape, economic conditions, technological advancements, and environmental efforts would provide valuable insights into the state of the nation in the early 21st century.
Journal Entry: June 10, 2023
As a historian conducting research 150 years from now, seeking to understand the United States in the early 21st century, there are several key aspects that would be of great importance. These aspects revolve around demographics, politics, the economy, technology, and the environment.
First and foremost, the historian would want to know about the demographic composition of the United States. They would seek information on population growth, ethnic and racial diversity, and immigration patterns.
According to the United States Census Bureau, as of July 2021, the estimated population of the United States is approximately 332 million people, with projections suggesting a steady increase over the next few decades. The historian would be interested in understanding the ongoing changes in racial and ethnic demographics, as well as the impact of immigration on the country's cultural landscape.
The political landscape would be another crucial area of interest. The historian would want to know about the major political parties, their ideologies, and the key issues of the time.
They would analyze the impact of political events and the policies implemented. Currently, the United States has a two-party system dominated by the Democratic and Republican parties. However, the rise of third parties and the increasing polarization within the political arena would be significant topics for investigation.
Furthermore, the historian would seek to understand the state of the economy during this time period. They would examine key economic indicators such as GDP, unemployment rates, and income inequality.
As of the second quarter of 2023, the United States has been experiencing a period of economic recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic. The GDP growth rate has rebounded, and unemployment rates have declined. However, income inequality remains a persistent issue, with a significant wealth gap between different socioeconomic groups.
Technological advancements would also be a major area of interest for the historian. They would examine the development of artificial intelligence, automation, and the impact of technology on various sectors such as healthcare, transportation, and communication. The historian would analyze the role of major tech companies and their influence on society.
Finally, the historian would want to explore the state of the environment and the efforts made towards sustainability. They would investigate the impact of climate change, renewable energy adoption, and conservation initiatives.
The United States has been actively engaged in environmental discussions and has set ambitious targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote clean energy sources, and protect natural resources.
Sources:
United States Census Bureau: www.census.gov
Bureau of Economic Analysis: www.bea.gov
Pew Research Center: www.pewresearch.org
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: www.epa.gov
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Your Competitive Intelligence team is predicting that the Chester Company will invest in adding capacity to their Coat product this year. Assume Chester's product Coat invests in increasing its capacity by 10% this year. Because of this new information, your company anticipates all other products in the Core segment will increase their capacity by the same amount. How much can the industry produce in the Core segment the next year? Consider only products primarily in the Core segment last year. Ignore current inventories. Figures in thousands (000). Select : 1 Save Answer 8,064 3,628 4,890 8,435 9,414 13,728 7,085
The expected industry capacity of the Core segment next year would be 70,400.
If Chester Company invests in increasing its Coat product capacity by 10%, then it is expected that all other products in the Core segment will also increase their capacity by the same amount. It is expected that the industry can produce the following number of units in the Core segment the next year. Chester company is anticipated to add a capacity of 3,000*10% = 300 units next year.
Therefore, their expected production of Coat for the next year will be
3,000+300 = 3,300 units.
Just like Chester Company, all the other companies in the Core segment are also anticipated to increase their capacity by 10% next year.
Therefore, the expected industry capacity of the core segment would be equal to the previous year's total capacity plus the new added capacity.
From the last year, the total capacity was 64,000 units.
Therefore, this year the industry can produce 64,000*10% = 6,400 additional units.
Thus, the expected industry capacity of the Core segment next year would be
64,000+6,400 = 70,400 units.
Hence, the correct option is 70,400.
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Provide any two measures to reduce the undesirable effects of
absorption costing.
Absorption costing is a method of accounting for costs where all direct and indirect costs are charged to the products. This type of costing is highly affected by changes in production volume, which could lead to undesirable effects. Here are two measures to reduce the undesirable effects of absorption costing:
1. Activity-based costing is an alternative costing method that allocates costs based on activities instead of production volume. It identifies the cost drivers for each activity and uses them to allocate costs to products. By using this method, the cost of each activity is accurately measured and charged to products, leading to a better understanding of the cost structure.
2. Increase inventory turnover rate increasing the inventory turnover rate will reduce the impact of fixed overhead costs on products. Fixed overhead costs are allocated to products based on production volume, so if the inventory turnover rate is increased, the fixed overhead costs will be spread over a larger number of products. This will lead to a lower cost per unit and a more accurate representation of the true cost of production.
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The Federal Budget 2022-23 has halved the excise tax for the next six months on petroleum from 44 cents per litre to reduce the cost of living. i. Explain the impact of the cut in fuel excise tax on inflation. (3 Marks) ii. Explain the impact of the cut in fuel excise tax on government spending (3 Marks) iii. Explain the impact of the cut in fuel excise tax on the demand, supply, and prices of the petroleum products. (4 Marks)
i. The cut in fuel excise tax is likely to have a downward impact on inflation. The excise tax reduction lowers the cost of petroleum products, such as gasoline, which are commonly used in transportation and production.
As the cost of fuel decreases, it can lead to lower transportation costs for businesses, reducing their production costs. This, in turn, can result in lower prices for goods and services, contributing to a decrease in inflationary pressures. Additionally, lower fuel costs can also reduce the costs of commuting and transportation for households, potentially reducing their overall expenses and easing inflationary pressures on consumers.
ii. The cut in fuel excise tax will have an impact on government spending. With the reduction in excise tax, the government will receive less revenue from the taxation of petroleum products. As a result, there may be a decrease in the funds available to the government for expenditure on various programs and services. This reduction in revenue could lead to budgetary constraints and potentially require adjustments in government spending priorities or other sources of revenue to compensate for the loss.
iii. The cut in fuel excise tax can impact the demand, supply, and prices of petroleum products.
Demand: A decrease in fuel excise tax reduces the price of petroleum products, making them more affordable for consumers. This can stimulate an increase in demand for these products as consumers are incentivized to purchase and use more fuel.
Supply: The reduction in excise tax may lead to an increase in the supply of petroleum products as producers and distributors may find it more profitable to offer higher quantities of fuel at the lower taxed price. This could result in greater availability and supply of petroleum products in the market.
Prices: The decrease in fuel excise tax is likely to lead to lower prices for petroleum products. The tax cut reduces the cost of production and distribution, which can be passed on to consumers in the form of lower prices at the pump. However, other factors such as global oil prices, supply and demand dynamics, and market competition can also influence petroleum product prices.
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Question: Discuss four (4) advantages of life cycle costing for Proton Holding.
The feature most associated with the waterfall software development methodology is that the client knows what their final product will look like in advance.
The waterfall methodology is a traditional, sequential approach to software development that follows a linear progression from one phase to another. One of the distinctive features of the waterfall methodology is that the client knows what their final product will look like in advance. This means that extensive planning and requirements gathering are conducted at the beginning of the project, and the entire scope of the project is defined and documented upfront.
Unlike agile methodologies that embrace change and deliver features continuously, the waterfall methodology aims to provide a clear and fixed plan. It emphasizes a comprehensive understanding of the project requirements and expectations from the outset, aiming to minimize the need for changes or iterations once development begins. The focus is on following the predetermined plan, completing each phase sequentially, and delivering the final product that matches the initial specifications.
While this approach can provide stability and predictability in terms of project scope and deliverables, it may not be as flexible or adaptable to changing requirements or evolving client needs. The waterfall methodology suits projects where the client's requirements are well-defined and unlikely to change significantly throughout the development process.
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2.Did the group assignment strengthen members understanding of
the course materials, and if so, how?
Yes, the group assignment can strengthen members understanding of the course materials.
Strength: Completing a group assignment helps to strengthen each member's understanding of the course materials. They can do so by pooling their collective knowledge and sharing their thoughts and opinions, which allows each member to gain a deeper understanding of the course material.
Group assignments also promote discussion and interaction among group members, which can help them develop strong analytical, research, and communication skills.
Understanding: A group assignment can enhance a member's understanding of the course material in several ways. First, working in groups encourages members to interact with others, which can help them develop a better understanding of the topic.
Second, group assignments help members to gain different perspectives on a particular subject, leading to a better understanding of the material. Third, group assignments can help members to identify their strengths and weaknesses in relation to the course material.
Course materials: The group assignment can strengthen members understanding of the course materials by allowing them to apply the knowledge gained from the course materials in real-life situations. By working in a group, members can use their course materials to analyze and solve complex problems, which can help them develop a better understanding of the course material.
Finally, group assignments encourage members to do research and engage in critical thinking, which can help them to gain a deeper understanding of the course material.
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Joe's firm evaluates all projects with IRR The current proposed project has cash flows of -$37048, 516,850, $15,700, and $19,300 for Years 0 to 3. respectively. The cost of capital is 19 percent. What is the IRR? Should the fire accept or reject the project? 16.05 percent, accept. 16.05 percent, reject. 18.42 percent reject. 18 42 percent accept. 21.08 percent, reject.
The correct answer is 18.42 percent, accept.IRR stands for internal rate of return which is used to evaluate the profitability of an investment.
The IRR is the discount rate at which the present value of future cash flows of an investment equals the initial investment. It is considered to be one of the most reliable methods of calculating the worth of an investment.Joe's firm evaluates all projects with IRR, the proposed project has cash flows of -$37048, 516,850, $15,700, and $19,300 for Years 0 to 3 respectively. The cost of capital is 19 percent. What is the IRR?To calculate the IRR of the project we will have to use the formula:
NPV = -Initial Investment + (Cash flows / (1+IRR) ^ year))NPV (Net Present Value) is the sum of all the discounted cash flows of the project. When the NPV of the project is zero, the IRR is obtained. Here, the NPV of the project at 19 percent is $33,745.50. The NPV is positive at 18.42 percent and negative at 21.08 percent. Therefore, the IRR of the project is between 18.42 percent and 21.08 percent. Calculation for IRR is shown below:
-$37048 + (516,850/ (1+IRR)^1) + $15,700/ (1+IRR)^2 + $19,300 / (1+IRR)^3 = 0
After solving the above equation, we get IRR as 18.42%.Should the firm accept or reject the project?The firm should accept the project if the IRR of the project is greater than the cost of capital. In this case, the IRR (18.42 percent) is greater than the cost of capital (19 percent) hence the firm should accept the project. Therefore, the correct answer is 18.42 percent, accept.
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the government has decided to stimulate the economy by spending money to update the fleet of vehicles owned by the government.
The government's decision to stimulate the economy by spending money to update its fleet of vehicles is an example of fiscal policy aimed at boosting economic activity. This type of government spending can have several potential impacts:
Increased Demand: The government's investment in updating its vehicle fleet creates additional demand for automobiles, which can positively impact the automotive industry.
Multiplier Effect: Government spending on vehicle updates can have a multiplier effect on the economy.
Technological Advancement: Updating the government fleet provides an opportunity to incorporate newer technologies, such as electric vehicles or vehicles with improved fuel efficiency.
Infrastructure Development: In some cases, the update of the government vehicle fleet may also require improvements in infrastructure, such as charging stations for electric vehicles or maintenance facilities. Government Efficiency: Upgrading the government's vehicle fleet can lead to increased operational efficiency and cost savings over the long term.
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(j) Explain the events that occur in the economy that transition the economy from the original equilibrium to the new equilibrium. Please be sure that this is an explanation of the economy and not an explanation of the math or the graph. (k) The central bank is interested in returning the economy to the original level of output. What kind of open market operation should it engage in? (1) What will happen to the real interest rate as a result of the central bank policy? (m) Explain (in economic terms) how the central bank action will return the economy to the original level of output.
(j) In the economy, the transition from the original equilibrium to the new equilibrium occurs due to various events and adjustments in the economy. These events can include changes in consumer spending, investment levels, government policies, or external factors such as changes in international trade or technology. When there is a shift in any of these factors, it affects the aggregate demand (AD) or aggregate supply (AS) in the economy, leading to a new equilibrium.
For example, if consumer confidence increases and households start spending more, it leads to an increase in consumption expenditure, shifting the AD curve to the right. This increase in demand can cause output and prices to rise, moving the economy away from the original equilibrium. Conversely, if there is a decrease in investment spending or a decline in exports, it can shift the AD curve to the left, leading to lower output and prices.
Similarly, changes in costs of production, such as wages or raw material prices, can affect the AS curve. If there is an increase in production costs, it can lead to a decrease in supply, shifting the AS curve to the left and resulting in lower output and higher prices.
(k) To return the economy to the original level of output, the central bank should engage in expansionary open market operations. This involves buying government securities, such as bonds, from the market. By purchasing these securities, the central bank injects money into the economy, increasing the money supply. This increase in the money supply stimulates spending and investment, which helps boost aggregate demand.
(1) As a result of the central bank's policy, the real interest rate is likely to decrease. When the central bank buys government securities, it increases the demand for these securities, pushing their prices up and their yields (interest rates) down. This decrease in the real interest rate encourages borrowing and investment, which helps stimulate economic activity and increase aggregate demand.
(m) The central bank's action of engaging in expansionary open market operations and increasing the money supply helps restore the economy to the original level of output. By injecting money into the economy, it increases the availability of funds for consumption and investment purposes. This stimulates spending and investment, leading to an increase in aggregate demand. As aggregate demand increases, firms are encouraged to produce more, increasing output levels. With increased output, the economy moves towards the original level of output, reducing the output gap. The decrease in the real interest rate also supports borrowing and investment, further aiding the recovery process.
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i) Use two (2) coincidental indicators to explain the conditions that are experienced in a nation during a recession.
ii) Examine the causes of business cycle fluctuations in a nation.
Suppose the following information was published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2017:
Item Amount (AUD billion)
Household consumption 5,029.81
Government consumption 20,340.92
Exports 1,386.39
Value of cocaine seized at Sydney Airport 20,500
Value of intermediate goods in tractor manufacturing 502,003
Gross private domestic investment 352.69
Imports 386.95
Components used in the manufacture of cars 40,000
Gifts 15,236
Government investment 88.19
Value of second-hand goods 500.00
Value of banned endangered species elephant tasks seized at Melbourne Airport 600.00
iii) Use the information provided to calculate Australia’s GDP in 2017
To calculate Australia's GDP in 2017, we need to add up the values of all the components of GDP: household consumption, government consumption, exports, gross private domestic investment, and imports. Australia's GDP in 2017 was $27,723.86 billion.
We exclude items such as the value of cocaine seized, value of intermediate goods in tractor manufacturing, gifts, value of second-hand goods, and value of banned endangered species seized as they are not directly related to the calculation of GDP.
The components that contribute to GDP are as follows:
Household consumption: $5,029.81 billion
Government consumption: $20,340.92 billion
Exports: $1,386.39 billion
Gross private domestic investment: $352.69 billion
Imports: $386.95 billion
To calculate GDP, we use the formula:
GDP = Household consumption + Government consumption + Gross private domestic investment + Exports - Imports
Substituting the values, we have:
GDP = $5,029.81 + $20,340.92 + $352.69 + $1,386.39 - $386.95
= $27,723.86 billionTherefore, Australia's GDP in 2017 was $27,723.86 billion.
Explanation: GDP represents the total value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders during a specific period. In this case, we added up the values of household consumption, government consumption, gross private domestic investment, and exports, while subtracting imports to calculate Australia's GDP. The excluded items, such as seized goods and gifts, are not considered as part of GDP since they do not reflect production or income generated within the country.
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Please judge the statement is true or false and give explanation. ( explanation is important !)
There are two possible states in period 2. Your initial wealth is $500 and you will buy 10 shares of stock A and 5 shares of stock B in period 1. From this combination of shares you buy for the two stocks, in period 2, if state 1 arises, your wealth is $0 and if state 2 arises, your wealth is $1200. The price of a primary security on state 2 (a unit claim on state 2) is $24.
Initial [tex]wealth = $500Stock A (buy) = 10[/tex]shares Stock B (buy) = 5 shares State 1 (s1) [tex]wealth = $0State 2 (s2) wealth = $1200Price[/tex] of a primary security on state 2 (a unit claim on state 2) = $24Therefore,State 1 occurs if we get returns from stocks
A and B, both less than the original buying price, hence the state 1 [tex]returns = (10 * $10) + (5 * $20) = $200[/tex]
In state 1, there are no returns, thus our wealth will be initial wealth minus the amount spent on buying shares of stocks A and [tex]B = $500 - $300 = $200[/tex]
In state 1, the net wealth will be $200.Now, in State 2, the returns will be (10 * $20) + (5 * $40) = $400. So the net wealth in State 2 will be original wealth plus
[tex]returns = $500 + $400 = $900[/tex]
But it is given that the price of a primary security on state 2 (a unit claim on state 2) is $24.
Number of securities that can be bought in [tex]State 2 = (total wealth in State 2) / (price of a primary security on state 2) = $900/$24 = 37.5[/tex]So, we can buy only 37 securities and remaining money is lost. Hence, net wealth in state 2 will be [tex]($24 * 37) = $888.[/tex]
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Question 11 4 pts • The risk of overreliance is 5%, EDR is 2, TRD is 5, and the number of deviations found is 3. The auditor should: 1. Conclude that controls are not operating effectively. 2. Conclude that controls are operating effectively. 3. Conclude that tolerable misstatement has been exceeded. 4. Conclude that CR
As per the given data, the risk of overreliance is 5%, EDR is 2, TRD is 5, and the number of deviations found is 3. Therefore, the auditor should conclude that the controls are not operating effectively.
The auditor has identified that the rate of deviation is higher than the expected rate of 2%. Thus, the risk of overreliance is 5%. If the number of deviations found in the audit sampling process is more than the expected rate of deviation or EDR, then the auditor should conclude that the control is not operating effectively. As a result, the auditor should reduce the assessed level of control risk. If the auditor is unable to reduce the assessed level of control risk, the auditor must conclude that it is necessary to expand substantive testing.In conclusion, we can say that the answer to the given problem is option 1, which means the auditor should conclude that the controls are not operating effectively.
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which of the following are common responses of employees when faced with change?
Common responses of employees when faced with change are resistance, fear, and anxiety. Anxiety might manifest itself as a reluctance to accept new assignments or as a sense of unease or tension.
Change is not always a comfortable prospect for employees. When changes are announced, people's reactions can vary widely, from welcoming to resisting or feeling anxious or frustrated. Here are the common responses of employees when faced with change: Resistance: Resistance is a typical response when change is perceived as threatening to employees' security, comfort, and/or control.
Employees may resist change by denying its relevance, criticizing it, or actively fighting it. Fear: Change often poses a potential danger to employees, whether it's the possibility of losing one's employment or of being unable to execute the new tasks required. Fear may lead to negative feelings such as worry, mistrust, and doubt, all of which might hinder progress. Anxiety: The mere thought of change may cause anxiety for some employees, especially if they are uncertain about what will happen in the future.
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Ken Smith wants to start a deck and fence company. To start the business, Ken plans to invest $70,000 in a pick-up truck and tools. The truck and tools are in Class 43 with a depreciation rate of 30%. Ken is forecasting that he will build 100 decks in the first year and 120 decks in years 2 and 3. He anticipates that the average deck will be priced at $5,500. Ken estimates that the cost of lumber for the typical deck is $2,000. Ken estimates that rent, office expenses, vehicle expenses, wages, and salaries will total $351,400 per year. The corporate tax rate is 30%. What are operating cash flows in the second year of the business? Round your answer to the nearest dollar.
The operating cash flows in the second year of the business are approximately $54,320.To calculate the operating cash flows in the second year of the business, we need to consider the revenues and expenses associated with the business activities.
Here's the breakdown:
Revenue:
Number of decks built in the second year: 120
Average price per deck: $5,500
Total revenue in the second year: 120 * $5,500 = $660,000
Expenses:
Cost of lumber per deck: $2,000
Cost of lumber for 120 decks: $2,000 * 120 = $240,000
Rent, office expenses, vehicle expenses, wages, and salaries: $351,400
Depreciation:
Depreciation expense on the truck and tools: $70,000 * 30% = $21,000
Taxable Income:
Revenue - Cost of lumber - Depreciation - Expenses
$660,000 - $240,000 - $21,000 - $351,400 = $47,600
Taxes:
Taxable Income * Tax rate
$47,600 * 30% = $14,280
Operating Cash Flows:
Taxable Income - Taxes + Depreciation
$47,600 - $14,280 + $21,000 = $54,320
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Asset X Asset Y Asset Z
Expected Return 9.5% 8.8% 9.5%
Standard Deviation 4.9% 5.5% 5.5%
If an investor must choose between investing in either Asset X or Asset Y, then:
a) She will always choose Asset X over Asset Y
b) She will always choose Asset Y over Asset X
c) She will be indifferent between investing in Asset X and Asset Y
d) None of the above.
If an investor must choose between investing in either Asset X or Asset Y, then She will be indifferent between investing in Asset X and Asset Y. Thus the correct option is C.
Asset X and Asset Y both have an anticipated return of 9.5%. Asset Y has a standard deviation of 5.5%, whereas Asset X has a standard deviation of 4.9%. As a result, asset X represents a less hazardous investment than asset Y.
Asset X over Asset Y will appeal to risk-averse investors since it carries a lower level of risk while offering a comparable projected return. However, a risk-taking investor will like Asset Y over Asset X because of its greater potential for profit.
Therefore, option C is appropriate.
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Which of the following is true? When a company takes out a loan:_________. Choose the Correct Option: A)Cash decreases, liabilities decrease B)Cash increases, owner's equity stay the same C)Liabilities increase, owner's equity increases D)Cash increases, owner's equity decrease
The correct option is D. When a company takes out a loan, cash increases and owner's equity decreases. This is because the company has borrowed money from a lender, which increases its liabilities.
The company then uses this money to purchase assets, which increases its assets. However, the company also has to pay interest on the loan, which decreases its profits. This decrease in profits is reflected in a decrease in owner's equity. Here is an example:
A company takes out a loan of $100,000. The company uses this money to purchase a new machine. The machine costs $100,000. The company has to pay interest on the loan of $10,000 per year. The company's profits are $100,000 per year. The company's owner's equity is $100,000.
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An important principle of the control environment is the organization's commitment to ethics and integrity (COSO Principle 1). How might an auditor test the operating effectiveness of a client's com- mitment to ethics and integrity?
To test a client's commitment to ethics and integrity, an auditor can inquire about compliance, review posted codes of conduct, observe employee behavior, verify management's handling of ethical concerns, and evaluate staff training on ethics and integrity policies.
An important principle of the control environment is the organization's commitment to ethics and integrity (COSO Principle 1). An auditor might test the operating effectiveness of a client's commitment to ethics and integrity by the following ways:Auditor can make inquiries from the clients, regarding the compliance of clients with ethics and integrity policies as well as their daily operations. Auditor can also review the codes of conduct that are posted in common areas, such as break rooms or lobbies.Auditor can observe the employee's behavior in the company and scrutinize any sign of unethical behavior among them.The auditor should also verify the identification, prioritization, and treatment of ethical concerns and frauds that have been brought to management's attention.Auditor may review the record of staff training sessions conducted by the management and evaluate whether the staff was properly trained on the ethics and integrity policies.
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Timmothy Ltd. obtained a loan from the bank for $120,000 and is required to repay the loan with monthly payments of $3,500. This type of loan is an example of which one of the following? a. fixed principal payment b. blended payment c. fixed interest payment d. Bond payment
The loan obtained by Timmothy Ltd. with monthly payments of $3,500 is an example of a blended payment. Option B.
A blended payment loan, also known as an amortizing loan, is a type of loan where the periodic payments consist of both principal and interest portions. Each payment made by the borrower includes a portion that goes towards reducing the outstanding principal balance and another portion that covers the accrued interest.
In this case, the monthly payment of $3,500 includes both the repayment of the principal amount borrowed and the interest charged by the bank. As each payment is made, a portion of the payment goes towards reducing the principal balance of $120,000, while the remaining portion covers the interest on the outstanding balance.
This is different from other types of loan payments:
a. Fixed principal payment: In a fixed principal payment loan, the borrower would make equal payments towards the principal balance, meaning the amount allocated to principal would remain constant throughout the loan term. In this scenario, the monthly payment of $3,500 does not remain constant, indicating it is not a fixed principal payment loan.
b. Fixed interest payment: In a fixed interest payment loan, the borrower would make periodic payments covering only the interest charged on the loan, while the principal balance remains unchanged. In this scenario, the monthly payment of $3,500 includes both principal and interest, suggesting it is not a fixed interest payment loan.
d. Bond payment: Bond payments refer to the periodic interest and principal payments made by a bond issuer to its bondholders. While the loan obtained by Timmothy Ltd. may have similarities to bond payments, it is not specifically a bond payment.
Therefore, the loan with monthly payments of $3,500 obtained by Timmothy Ltd. is an example of a blended payment loan, as the payments include both principal and interest portions. Option B is correct.
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Risk-free rate= 0.016
Market rate= 0,136
Tax rate= 0.30
A firm has a $50,000,000 loan with a interest rate of 4%, a $54,100,000 bond issue with a yield to maturity of 3% and 10,000,000 shares of stock selling at $3.47 a share. The stock's required return is 14.8%. Find the firms cost of capital.
A. 5.6%
b. none of these are correct
c. 6.3%
d. not enough information
The best option is option c that is 6.3%. A firm has a $50,000,000 loan with an interest rate of 4%, a $54,100,000 bond issue with a yield to maturity of 3%, and 10,000,000 shares of stock selling at $3.47 a share. The stock's required return is 14.8%. The cost of capital represents the minimum required return rate that a company must obtain on its investment so as not to lose the investment capital. The cost of capital is calculated using the following formula:
Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) = [(Cost of equity * % of equity) + (Cost of debt * % of debt) * (1 - Tax rate)]
First, let's calculate the cost of equity using the CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model). The CAPM formula is: Cost of equity = Risk-free rate + (Beta * Market rate - Risk-free rate) The Risk-free rate = 0.016 Market rate = 0.136 Cost of equity
= 0.016 + (1.48 * (0.136 - 0.016))
= 0.20016 (20.02%)
Next, let's compute the weight of equity %, debt %, and tax rate.% of equity = (Market value of equity / Total market value) * 100 Market value of equity = 10,000,000 shares * $3.47 per share
= $34,700,000 Total market value
= $34,700,000 + $50,000,000 + $54,100,000 = $138,800,000% of equity
= ($34,700,000 / $138,800,000) * 100
= 25.03%% of debt = (Market value of debt / Total market value) * 100 Market value of debt = $50,000,000 + $54,100,000
= $104,100,000% of debt
= ($104,100,000 / $138,800,000) * 100
= 74.97% Tax rate
= 0.30 Plugging the values into the WACC formula: WACC = [(Cost of equity * % of equity) + (Cost of debt * % of debt) * (1 - Tax rate)] WACC
= [(0.20016 * 25.03%) + (0.04 * 74.97%) * (1 - 0.30)] WACC
= (0.05012 + 0.01998 * 0.70) WACC
= 0.0631 or 6.31% Therefore, the company's cost of capital is 6.31% .
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A corn farmer hedged corn futures. He initially entered the futures market at $7.00/bu and exited at $5.80/bu. Assume basis is -$0.20. What is the final net price received by the farmer? Type in $ format like $6.00
the final net price received by the corn farmer would be $6.80/bu.
To calculate the final net price received by the corn farmer, we need to take into account the initial futures price, the exit futures price, and the basis.
The initial hedge price is $7.00/bu, the exit hedge price is $5.80/bu, and the basis is -$0.20.
Adjusted hedge price = Initial hedge price + Basis
Adjusted hedge price = $7.00/bu - $0.20 = $6.80/bu
Therefore, the final net price received by the corn farmer would be $6.80/bu.
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The convertibility option for term life insurance policies
provide for:
a.
Such a clause to be included in the relevant policy document
subject to a medical examination.
b.
The insured to convert the
The convertibility option for term life insurance policies allows policyholders to convert their term policy into a permanent policy without a medical examination, providing flexibility and security for the insured.
The convertibility option for term life insurance policies allows the insured to convert their term policy into a permanent policy without undergoing a medical examination.
This option provides flexibility to policyholders who may want to extend their coverage beyond the term period or switch to a different type of policy.
a. The inclusion of a convertibility clause in the policy document is a key requirement for this option.
This clause outlines the terms and conditions under which the conversion can take place.
While some insurance companies may require a medical examination for the conversion, term policies with a convertibility option typically allow for conversion without the need for additional medical underwriting.
b. The insured has the right to exercise the convertibility option, usually within a specific time frame outlined in the policy.
By exercising this option, the insured can convert their term policy into a permanent policy, such as whole life or universal life insurance, without having to go through the usual medical underwriting process.
The premium for the permanent policy will be based on the insured's age at the time of conversion, and other factors as specified by the insurance company.
The conversion option provides an opportunity for policyholders to secure permanent life insurance coverage, which can offer benefits such as cash value accumulation and lifelong protection.
It eliminates the need for reapplying and undergoing medical exams, which can be advantageous if the insured's health has deteriorated since the purchase of the term policy.
In conclusion, the convertibility option for term life insurance policies allows policyholders to convert their term policy into a permanent policy without a medical examination, providing flexibility and security for the insured.
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Do you think patents on a revolutionary technology with medical applications help to foster the development of lifesaving treatments or slow it down?
While patents can provide incentives for innovation and investment in medical research, they can also create barriers to access and hinder the development and availability of lifesaving treatments.
The question of whether patents on revolutionary technology with medical applications help foster or slow down the development of lifesaving treatments is a complex and debated topic. There are arguments on both sides of the issue, and the impact can vary depending on the specific circumstances and context.
Proponents of patents argue that they provide incentives for innovation and investment in research and development. By granting exclusive rights to the inventor or company, patents allow them to recoup their investment and potentially profit from their invention.
This financial incentive encourages companies to take risks, invest in further research, and bring new medical treatments to market. Patents can also attract funding from investors who see the potential for returns on their investment, further supporting the development of lifesaving treatments.
However, critics argue that patents can hinder access to lifesaving treatments. Patents grant exclusive rights, which can lead to high prices and limited access to medications for those who need them. This can particularly affect individuals in low-income countries or those without adequate healthcare coverage.
Patents can create monopolies and prevent competition, limiting the availability of alternative treatments and potentially slowing down the overall progress in medical research and development.
Additionally, some argue that patents may lead to "patent thickets" and litigation, where multiple overlapping patents make it difficult for researchers and companies to navigate the intellectual property landscape. This can result in delays, increased costs, and a diversion of resources towards legal battles rather than focusing on further innovation.
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Suppose a monopolist is producing a level of output such that MR
> MC. What should the firm do to maximize its profits?
If a monopolist is producing a level of output where marginal revenue (MR) is greater than marginal cost (MC), the firm should increase its production level to maximize its profits.
In a monopolistic market, a firm has the ability to set the price and quantity of its products. To maximize profits, a monopolist should produce where marginal revenue equals marginal cost (MR = MC). However, if the monopolist is currently producing a level of output where MR > MC, it indicates that the firm can increase its profits by expanding production.
When MR > MC, each additional unit produced adds more to total revenue than it does to total cost. By increasing production, the monopolist can capture the additional revenue generated, contributing positively to its overall profits. The firm should continue expanding output until MR = MC, as this is the point where profits are maximized.
It is important to note that in a monopolistic market, the price charged is typically higher than the marginal cost, leading to a markup over marginal cost and potentially reduced consumer surplus. The monopolist's profit-maximizing strategy is to find the equilibrium level of output that maximizes profits while considering market demand and cost structure.
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Novak Company is considering investing in a new dock that will cost $670,000. The company expects to use the dock for 5 years, after which it will be sold for $410,000. Novak anticipates annual cash flows of $220,000 resulting from the new dock. The company's borrowing rate is 8%, while its cost of capital is 11%. Click here to view PV tables. Calculate the net present value of the dock. (Use the above table.) (Round factor values to 5 decimal places, e.g. 1.25124 and final answer to 0 decimal places, eg. 5,275.) Net present value $ Indicate whether Novak should make the investment.
Present value of annual cash flows$4,042 (rounded to nearest whole number)Calculation of net present value of dockNPV = Present value of annual cash flows - Initial cost of dockNPV = $4,042 - $670,000NPV = -$665,958
Novak Company is considering investing in a new dock that will cost $670,000. The company expects to use the dock for 5 years, after which it will be sold for $410,000. Novak anticipates annual cash flows of $220,000 resulting from the new dock. The company's borrowing rate is 8%, while its cost of capital is 11%. Calculate the net present value of the dock and indicate whether Novak should make the investment.Solution:Calculation of present value of annual cash flowsYearCash FlowPresent Value at 11%111-670,000-670,0002$220,000$197,3023$220,000$176,7844$220,000$158,5255$220,000$142,045Present value of annual cash flows$4,042 (rounded to nearest whole number)Calculation of net present value of dockNPV = Present value of annual cash flows - Initial cost of dockNPV = $4,042 - $670,000NPV = -$665,958 (rounded to nearest whole number)Indication whether Novak should make the investment:The net present value of the dock is negative, which indicates that the investment will not be profitable. Since the net present value is less than zero, Novak should not invest in the new dock.
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the total cost of producing 5,000 doors in mexico, using the data provided, is ____________ in us$.
Based on the data provided, the total cost of producing 5,000 doors in Mexico is $2,300 in US dollars. The total cost of producing 1 door is the sum of direct material cost, direct labor cost, and variable manufacturing overhead cost.
It is given as $2.30 + $1.20 + $0.10 = $3.60.The fixed manufacturing overhead cost is $6,500. To determine the total variable manufacturing overhead cost, we need to multiply the total direct labor hours with variable manufacturing overhead rate. Here, the total direct labor hours are 30,000 and the variable manufacturing overhead rate is $0.02 per direct labor hour.
So, the total variable manufacturing overhead cost is 30,000 × $0.02 = $600.
The total manufacturing cost is the sum of total variable manufacturing overhead cost and total direct cost, which is $600 + (5,000 × $3.60) = $18,600.
The total cost includes manufacturing cost and fixed selling and administrative costs. It is given as $18,600 + $5,100 = $23,700. If we divide the total cost by the number of doors produced, we get the cost per door, which is $23,700 ÷ 5,000 = $4.74.
Therefore, the total cost of producing 5,000 doors in Mexico is $4.74 × 5,000 = $23,700 in US dollars.
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