bacitracin is made naturally by the bacterium bacillus subtilis and is primarily only used to target skin infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. this type of chemotherapeutic drug would best be characterized as a narrow-spectrum antibiotic.
What is narrow-spectrum antibiotic?Antibiotics with a narrow spectrum are effective against a certain subset of bacterial species. They are only able to affect gramme +ve or gramme -ve, not both.
When the etiological organism is identified, special narrow-spectrum antibiotics are administered. They won't eradicate as many common microorganisms as broad-spectrum antibiotics do. They prevent the spread of illnesses with medication resistance because they only affect a small number of extremely particular bacteria.
antibiotics that are particular to one type of bacteria, such as those that only kill gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria.
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during the initial few minutes of exercise, oxygen uptake cannot meet the energy demand. what is this called? select one: a. oxygen deficit b. epoc c. steady state
During the initial few minutes of exercising when oxygen uptake doesn't meet the demand of energy is called oxygen deficit state.
When the body consumes more oxygen than it takes in, an oxygen deficit occurs. Low oxygen levels in the blood (hypoxemia) or tissues can be caused by an oxygen deficiency (hypoxia). An elevated heart rate and fast breathing are two symptoms that an individual with an oxygen shortage may have. Exhaustive activity naturally results in an oxygen deficit. The body will strive to restore oxygen levels in blood during what is known as a recovery period when exercise causes an oxygen deficit.
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The main function of prop roots in mangroves is to
A. aerate the plant
B. produce and store food
C. keep mangroves upright
D. absorb water far below the earth
this or that? select whether the listed disease characteristic is associated with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both conditions.
Both chronic bronchitis and emphysema comes under COPD i.e, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Airflow from the lungs becomes restricted due to the chronic inflammatory lung illness known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The signs and symptoms include wheezing, coughing up mucus (sputum), and difficulty breathing.
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes' lining, which transport air to and from the lungs' air sacs (alveoli), characterizes chronic bronchitis. Daily coughing and mucus (sputum) production are its defining symptoms.
Emphysema is a disorder when the alveoli at the end of the lungs' tiniest air tubes, or bronchioles, are destroyed due to harmful exposure to cigarette smoke and other irritating chemicals and particulate matter.
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you are infected with a pathogen; it is your first exposure to this pathogen. the first antibody types that will eventually appear in your blood to help fight this infection will be: a. iga b. igd c. ige d. igg e. igm
Igm the first antibody types that will eventually appear in your blood to help fight this infection.
What does the medical term IgM mean?Inflammatory globulin M (IgM): This is the initial antibody the body produces to combat a new infection, and it is primarily found in blood and lymph fluid. IgE, or immune globulin E: Typically present in blood in trace levels. Increased levels may occur when the body overreacts to allergens or is battling a parasitic infection.
Why is IgM positivity significant?When a virus infects, the immune system often produces IgM as the initial antibody. An IgM test that is positive suggests that you may have just been exposed to an infection, had a vaccination, and your immune system is now responding to the vaccine.
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a sample of john's blood shows a high level of pyrogens. this would indicate that john a) is feeling achy. b) is producing t lymphocytes. c) has a sore throat. d) is running a fever. e) has swollen lymph nodes.
The answer is d) running a fever, as indicated by high level of pyrogens in blood.
Pyrogens are things that can cause fever. Endotoxins, which are lipopolysaccharides (LPS) made by Gram-negative bacteria like E. coli, are the most frequent pyrogens. These substances go through the blood to the brain, where they interfere with the hypothalamus' ability to control body temperature. The hypothalamus is tricked into believing that the body is cooler than it actually is because the pyrogens suppress heat-sensing neurons and excite cold-sensing ones. A fever results from the hypothalamus's response, which causes the body's temperature to rise above normal
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Why is the only path of conduction for impulse transmission from the atria to the ventricles through the av node and av bundle?.
The fibrous structure of the heart separates the atria and ventricles from one another.
What use do the ventricles serve?Blood is sent from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, which again transports it to the lungs for oxygenation. The now oxygen-rich plasma leaves the lungs and is pumped into the left ventricle via the left atrium. Through a vast network of arteries, the left ventricle transports oxygen-rich oxygen to the brain.
What are the heart's four ventricles called?Blood with low oxygen content leaves the body through the right atrium and is pumped to a right ventricle. Oxygen-deficient blood is sent to the lungs by the right ventricle. The left atrium takes blood from the lungs that is oxygenated then pumps it to the left ventricle. Blood that is oxygenated is delivered to the body by the left ventricle.
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Which of the components bond directly with cytosine in a section double stranded DNA?
Answer:
Double Helix
Attached to each sugar is one of four bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) or thymine (T). The two strands are connected by chemical bonds between the bases: adenine bonds with thymine, and cytosine bonds with guanine.
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between pairs of bases: adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine.
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which is not a correct association? group of answer choices s stage-dna synthesis m stage-mitosis and cytokinesis interphase-shortest stage of the cell cycle g2 stage-metabolic preparation for mitosis
Anaphase is the stage where DNA is synthesized, m is the stage during which mitosis and cytokinesis occur, and g2 is the stage during which the metabolism is set up for mitosis.
Which mitotic phase lasts the shortest?The sister chromatids separate and the chromosomes start to move to the opposing ends of the cell during anaphase, the shortest stage of mitosis. By the end of anaphase, the cell's two halves have an equal number of chromosomes. Daughter nuclei arise in two during telophase.
What sequence are the four interphase stages in?G1 phase (cell growth) is followed by S phase (DNA synthesis), which is then followed by G2 phase during interphase (cell growth). Interphase is followed by the mitotic phase, which entails mitosis and cytokinesis and results in the formation of two daughter cells.
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not all members are equal in their ability to survive and reproduce in a what? A. Community, B. Ecosystem, C. Organism, D. populations
Not all members are equal in their ability to survive and reproduce in a population. Option D.
What is a population?A population is defined as the total number of organisms of the space species living in a particular at a specific period.
A population of 2 or more different species of organisms living and interacting together is known as a community. Two or more communities interacting with themselves and the non-living components of their environment constitute what is known as the ecosystem.
Thus, in order to make a logical comparison, organisms must be of the same species in the same population. There is always competition for resources among organisms of the same species. This competition is known as an intra-species competition.
Also, organisms of the same species within the same population differ in their reproductive capacity and ability to survive. Thus, natural selection selects the best individuals to survive and reproduce. Natural selection acts on populations.
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through what mechanisms does the hypothalamus control the production or release of hormones from the pituitary gland? how do its effects on the anterior and posterior portions of the pituitary differ?
The hypothalamus-hypophyseal portal veins deliver hypothalamic releasing and inhibitory hormones directly to the anterior pituitary gland.
Distinct anterior pituitary cell receptors bind to specific hypothalamus hormones, controlling the release of the hormones those cells generate.Your hypothalamus connects to the anterior pituitary lobe via hormones and the posterior pituitary lobe by nerve impulses via that stalk. Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are likewise produced by your hypothalamus, which also instructs your posterior pituitary when to store and release these hormones.The hypothalamus-hypophyseal portal veins deliver hypothalamic releasing and inhibitory hormones directly to the anterior pituitary gland. Distinct anterior pituitary cell receptors bind to specific hypothalamus hormones, controlling the release of the hormones those cells generate. Your hypothalamus connects to the anterior pituitary lobe via hormones and the posterior pituitary lobe by nerve impulses via that stalk. Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are likewise produced by your hypothalamus, which also instructs your posterior pituitary when to store and release these hormones.It releases several hormones into the bloodstream that function as messengers, carrying signals from the pituitary gland to far-off cells and controlling their activity. For instance, the mammary glands in the breasts are stimulated to create milk by the hormone prolactin, which is produced by the pituitary gland.To know more about hypothalamus
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Marine Science Explain the difference between a wave’s period and frequency.
The difference between a wave’s period and frequency is determined by the fact that the wave frequency is inversely proportional to the wave period.
What do you mean by Wave frequency?Wave frequency may be defined as the number of peaks formed by a wave in one second. When you increase the energy of a wave, the frequency increases, but the wavelength decreases.
According to the context of this question, frequency is something that demonstrates how often something happens While period indicates the time at which is taken by that action to have happened.
Therefore, the difference between a wave period and a wave frequency is well described above.
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How are humans involved in both of the carbon and oxygen cycles.
-7th grade science
Answer:
Human activities have a tremendous impact on the carbon cycle. Burning fossil fuels, changing land use, and using limestone to make concrete all transfer significant quantities of carbon into the atmosphere
Explanation:
ultimately how do enzymes lower activation energy? a) enzymes help force substrate into a form closely resembling the transition state b) increasing km by altering the catalytic perfection state c) achieve catalytic perfection at a reduced rate d) all of the above e) none of the above
All of above option is correct .
In order for the reactants to convert to the products, a minimum amount of energy is required activation energy.
Enzymes are biological catalyst that catalyze a chemical reaction .Catalysts lower the activation energy for reactions. When the activation energy is lowered the the reaction rate becomes faster. Hence , enzyme speeds the reaction by lowering the activation energy .
In the process of chemical reaction, the reactants bind to the active site of the enzyme, that forms an enzyme-substrate complex, this complex has lower activation energy than the substrate.
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the quiescent phage genbome, whether it exists as a plasmid or integrated into the host genome, is referered to as a
The quiescent phage genome, whether it exists as a plasmid or integrated into the host genome, is referred to as a prophage.
A prophage is a bacteriophage genome this is integrated into the circular bacterial chromosome or exists as an extrachromosomal plasmid in the bacterial cells. Integration of prophages into the bacterial host is the function step of the lysogenic cycle of temperate phages.
Prophages are bacteriophage genomes included in the host genome. The collection of P. aeruginosa genomes contains numerous putative prophages (table I). primarily based on their sequences, some prophages may additionally appear energetic, but it isn't continually viable to reactivate them in vitro in laboratory conditions.
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which type of muscle would you expect to be guarding the opening between the stomach and the small intestine?
The muscle that guards the gap between the stomach and small intestine is known as a sphincter or circular muscle.
What is the function of smooth muscle?In the cardiovascular system, smooth muscle is utilized in vessels to control blood pressure and flow; in the lungs, it opens and closes airways; in the gastrointestinal system, it contributes to motility and nutrition absorption; and yet it still has functions in nearly every other organ system.
Your digestive tract is made up of what kind of muscle?The uterus, the digestive tract, and blood veins like arteries are just a few of the interior tissues that contain smooth muscle. Wave-like contractions occur down the length of the structure's smooth muscle, which is structured in stacked sheets.
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A scientist discovered a new organism. she found that the cells have membrane-bound organelles, an irregular shape, and increase in size by dividing. what type of organism did she most likely discover?
A scientist discovered a new organism and found that cells have membrane-bound organelles, irregular shape, and increase in size by dividing. Type of organism that she most likely discovered is : animal cells.
What is an animal cell?Animal cells lack rigidity, therefore they have round and irregular shapes whereas cell wall of plant is made of cellulose that gives plant cells rigidity and a fixed rectangular shape.
Animal cells are type of the eukaryotic cell that enclosed by a plasma membrane and having a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. Animal cells do not have a cell wall, unlike eukaryotic cells of plants and fungi,
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The diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane is called.
Answer:
The diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane is called Osmosis.
happens when humans greatly accelerate the input of plant nutrients to a lake. group of answer choices cultural eutrophication erosion popular eutrophication oligotrophic water pollution
Cultural eutrophication happens when humans greatly accelerate the input of plant nutrients to a lake.
Human activities can significantly speed up the inflow of plant nutrients into a lake when it’s close to an urban or agricultural region, a process referred to as cultural eutrophication.
What about eutrophication?The natural action of eutrophication is brought on by the buildup of nutrients in lakes and other bodies of water. Nutrient-feeding algae develop to become ugly on the water's surface, reducing its value for enjoyment and blocking water intake pipes. The process of eutrophication, which happens when the environment becomes enriched with nutrients, increases the number of plant and algae development in estuaries and coastal waters, is what causes harmful algal blooms, dead zones, and fish kills. Since eutrophication frequently results in the degradation of water quality and the reduction of dissolved oxygen in water bodies, it’s seen as a severe environmental concern. Eutrophic waters have the potential to eventually become"dead zones" that cannot sustain life. Cultural eutrophication has been linked to hypoxia, blue-green algal blooms, polluted beverage sources, and a decline in recreational options. A process referred to as eutrophication is brought on by an excess of nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, in water. Algae thrive, spread, and color the water green as a result of feeding on the nutrients. Eutrophication are often reduced by controlling the nutrient sources, curtailing fertilizer use, using good soil management techniques, putting mathematical models to use, adopting phytoremediation, etc. Among these, raising general knowledge of eutrophication can help prevent it from happening to water bodies.Learn more about eutrophication here:
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Patrick offered a house for sale to Peter, who agreed to buy at the stated price. Peter was however under the impression that the land on which it stood was a part the deal. Patrick gave peter the title deed for the house but not the land. Peter took Patrick to court. what was likely outcome of the case???????
Answer: it depends on what was on the contract for the sale peter should've asked Patrick if the land was included if Patrick didn't have it put in the contract for the land to also be sold then peter waisted his time and money
Explanation:
Consider the individuals shaded in green in the diagram.
What kind of allele results in the trait the individuals are expressing?
Answer:
Dominant allele is resulted in the trait
once a neurotransmitter has done its job it is pulled back into the terminal buttons. this process is termed:
Neurotransmitters can either be deactivated by enzymes or reuptake, a type of chemical recycling, can reabsorb them from the terminal button.
What occurs once a neurotransmitter has completed its task?After finishing its task, a neurotransmitter can either be destroyed or reabsorbed. After serving as a chemical messenger, a neurotransmitter is either eliminated by an enzyme like monoamine oxidase or it is reabsorbed by the neuron that produced it, as Julius Axelrod discovered.
The process of a neurotransmitter being reabsorbed by the terminal button is known as?Once a neurotransmitter has completed its job of conveying a neuronal impulse, it is reabsorb able by a neurotransmitter transporter found along the plasma membrane of an axon terminal or glial cell.
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all plant life cycles consist of an alternation of generations. what is the haploid stage of a plant life cycle called?
The multicellular haploid gametophyte (from the Greek phyton, "plant") produces gametes. A multicellular diploid sporophyte is created through fertilization, and through meiosis, it creates haploid spores. A haplodiplontic life cycle is the name given to this sort of life cycle.
As a result of the alternation of generations, plants alternate between two distinct life stages, or generations, throughout their life cycle: the haploid gametophyte stage and the diploid sporophyte stage. The terms haploid and diploid describe how many chromosomes each cell has.
The haploid (n) stage of the alternation of generations life cycle is known as the gametophyte stage. Because it will produce gametes, or sex cells, the gametophyte stage can also be viewed as the sexual stage. There is only one set on this stage of chromosome.
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We have learned that when the cell loses control of cellular division, cancer can be the result. We know that there are several risk factors for cancer. In this discussion, describe which of those risk factors are significant for you? What steps could you take could reduce that risk?
Risk factors are significant for the prevention of cancer because there are environmental factors such as diet or UV sunlight exposure which we need to control in order to reduce cancer risks.
What is cancer?Cancer is a multifactorial disease associated with the uncontrolled proliferation of certain cell types, which may be triggered by genetic factors (mutations) and environmental factors such as exposure to physical-chemical agents (e.g., UV light exposure).
Therefore, with this data, we can see that cancer risks may be decreased due to the establishment of healthy habits such as avoiding exposure to UV light.
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which sequence of animals represents the evolution of animal respiratory systems?which sequence of animals represents the evolution of animal respiratory systems?bird, lizard, salamander, fishfish, lizard, salamander, birdsalamander, lizard, fish, birdfish, salamander, lizard, birdlizard, fish, bird, salamander
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the lymphatic system does all of the following except a) helps maintain normal blood volume. b) transports gases to and away from lymph nodes. c) eliminates variations in the composition of interstitial fluid. d) transports lipids from the digestive tract. e) fights infection.
The lymphatic system does all of the following except "transports gases to and away from lymph nodes".
Additionally, the lymphatic system controls immune responses including delivering pathogens, foreign antigens, particles, exosomes, and immune cells to local lymph nodes but also lymphoid tissues (3). Immune responses are regulated both actively and passively on a variety of levels.
The body's lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, lymph veins, and other organs that assist fight infection, reduce fluid accumulation in tissues, as well as maintain appropriate blood volume blood volume or blood pressure.
Therefore, the correct answer will be option (b)
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Originally, the term "psychology" was defined as which one of the following definitions?
A. the study of the mind or soul
B. the study of the human brain
C. the study of animal behavior
D. the study of genetics and heritability
which is not a sympathetic ganglion? which is not a sympathetic ganglion? superior mesenteric otic inferior mesenteric celiac sacral chain
Not a sympathetic ganglion, celiac disease.
What does being compassionate mean?Used to indicate someone who demonstrates their understanding and concern for the pain of others, especially by their words: Since he also has back issues, he was quite understanding of my situation.
How can you tell if you have sympathy?One can experience anxiety, panic attacks, anxiousness, insomnia, breathing difficulty, palpitations, an inability to relax, an inability to sit still, a jumpy or jittery feeling, poor digestion, afraid, high blood pressure, but instead heart problems, to name a few symptoms of an overactive or dominant the sympathetic nervous system.
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cells in the adrenal gland produce the hormone epinephrine and store it in vesicles. to release epinephrine these vesicles are carried to the plasma membrane and fuse with it. what process is occurring?
Exocytosis is the process by which cells transport components into the extracellular fluid from within the cell.
What is the endocytosis procedure?A broad term for the process by which cells take in outside material by enveloping it with their membrane is endocytosis. Pinocytosis and phagocytosis are typically used as subcategories of endocytosis.
What makes endocytosis and exocytosis different from one another?Endocytosis is the process by which a material or particle from the outside of the cell is taken in by the cell membrane and brought inside. Vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the exterior of the cell is referred to as exocytosis.
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According to Table 3 and your pictures, which is better able to absorb enough
nutrients to supply its total volume, a small cell or a large cell? Explain.
Smaller single-celled organisms have a high surface-to-volume ratio, allowing them to survive by relying on waste disposal and oxygen diffusion. If the items have a higher surface area to volume ratio, this technique may work better.
Why is the size of the cell advantageously small?Because cells are so tiny, they may optimise their surface area to volume ratio. More molecules and ions can pass the cell membrane per unit of cytoplasmic volume in smaller cells due to their greater ratio. The reason why cells are so little is so that they can swiftly take in nutrition and expel waste.
The volume to surface area ratio is more favourable for material exchange with the environment via diffusion in smaller cells. Volume controls how much enters and exits the cell, whereas surface area controls the pace at which nutrients are taken in or eliminated.
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the period is the length of time pathogens need to grow and multiply in food or the digestive tract before they can cause illness.
The incubation period is the length of time pathogens need to grow and multiply in food or the digestive tract before they can cause illness.
The time it takes for an illness to manifest after a person has been exposed to a disease-causing organism is known as the incubation period (such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi). When the disease's initial signs or symptoms manifest, the incubation period is over. Knowing an infectious disease's incubation period—the amount of time between exposure to the pathogen and the onset of symptoms—can be helpful in predicting an outbreak's timing, especially when infected people would be symptomatic and most likely to spread the disease.
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