Because they lack well-defined and complex organ systems, we hypothesize that poriferans diverged from all other animals early in the evolution of animals.
It is very likely that the Porifera, the most ancient animal group, originated in the Precambrian because they have an early branch on the animal phylogenetic tree. The common word for poriferans is sponge. Sponge evolution diverged from the development of other metazoans during an early branching event. This might be one of the causes for their lack of a distinct and intricate organ system.
Poriferans don't have mouths, instead they drink water through tiny pores in their outer walls. Spicules, the animals' tough support structure, were previously one of the main ways to identify sponges.
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how could decomposers be added to the diagram which parts of the food web do they effect
Decomposers forms the final link in the food chain. They break down dead animals and plants and return vital nutrients to the soil.
Decomposers consume dead items, including wood and leaf litter from dead plants, animal corpses, and human waste. They are Earth's cleanup staff, and they do a great job. Dead leaves, dead insects, and dead animals would accumulate everywhere if decomposers weren't present. Just picture how the world might appear!
More importantly, decomposers enable the primary producers of an ecosystem, typically plants and algae, to access essential nutrients. Complex organic materials are broken down by decomposers into simpler compounds that contain calcium, nitrogen, and phosphorus as well as water and carbon dioxide. These are all things that plants require in order to grow.
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the section of the brain that is located below the cerebrum and dorsal to the pons and medulla is the:
The section of the brain that is located below the cerebrum and dorsal to the pons and medulla is the cerebellum.
At the top of the spinal cord and the base of the brain, respectively, is the brain stem. The structure that joins the brain's cerebrum to the spinal cord. The fourth ventricle places the cerebellum in the posterior cerebral fossa, behind the pons and medulla oblongata. Therefore, cerebellum is the answer to the above question.
Three sets of cerebellar peduncles attach the brain stem to the cerebellum: the lower peduncle attaches to the medulla oblongata, the middle peduncle attaches to the pons, and the superior peduncle attaches to the midbrain. The cerebellar peduncles carry afferent and efferent connections between the cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord.
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who was alfred russel wallace, and what contribution did he make to the development of evolutionary theory?
Alfred Russel Wallace was a collector, an explorer, anthropologist and a political commentator. He was most famously known for his revolutionary idea of evolution by natural selection, which was entirely independent of Charles Darwin.
What was his contribution to the theory of evolution?
Alfred Wallace had collected more than a hundred thousand insect, animal and bird species, which he handed over to the British museum.
He had come to a conclusion by 1855 that all living things evolve. But what he couldn’t figure out was how. Three years later he figured it out when he was on an island, sick with fever: he concluded that animals evolve by adapting to their environments.
After his discovery, he wrote down his theory in an 8-9 page paper, and sent it to Charles Darwin. Darwin reached the same conclusion a couple of years later and the two men then published a paper together (1858), arguing about the theory of natural selection and evolution.
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During volume changes in the thoracic cavity, what is primarily responsible for changes in length?.
During volume changes in the thoracic cavity, the diaphragm is primarily responsible for changes in length.
The diaphragm flattens and tightens during inhalation, and the chest cavity widens. A vacuum is produced by the contraction, drawing air into the lungs. The diaphragm relaxes and assumes its dome-like form during exhalation, forcing air from the lungs. This implies that when the volume of the thoracic cavity changes during inhalation and exhalation, the diaphragm plays a vital role in length.
The external intercostal muscles, internal intercostal muscles, innermost intercostal muscles, sub-costalis, and transversal thoracic are the five muscles that make up the thoracic wall. During respiration, the volume of thoracic cavity is predominantly altered by these muscles.
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Baed on your pH teting reult, can you categorize either of the microbe a acidophile, neutrophile, or alkaliphile? Explain your anwer in relation to Data Table 2
The majority of bacteria are neutrophiles, which means that, in contrast to their neutrophile homologues, they grow best at an acidic pH within secretory environments.
Who or what qualifies as a microbe?The term "microbiology" refers to the study of microorganisms. Bacteria, fungus, archaea, and protists are all types of microorganisms. Prions and viruses are not considered microbes because they are considered non-living in general.
Why do microorganisms differ from bacteria?Microorganisms might have one cell, many cells, or no cells. Microbes with a single cell and no nucleus are known as bacteria. Although archaea and bacteria are similar, they differ in their structures and characteristics.
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a sample of water is tested for mutagens. the water is subjected to a process known as high pressure liquid chromatography which can separate compounds based on their different biochemical properties. as material leaves the hplc column its absorbance is measured at uv light which is used to detect a variety of different compounds. these readings were recorded as a trace on a graph (top chart in the figure). fractions from the column are collected and then tested in an ames assay (bottom chart in the figure). in this assay there were 900 colonies with the solvent alone control. which fractions contain mutagens?
The fractions that contain mutagens are that of high peaks.
For the concentration or fractionation of mutagenic residue organics from small, >5OL, and large, to 12OOL, volumes of drinking water obtained from various sources, a general procedure has been developed. This process involves chromatographic concentration of the residual organics through water passage by UV absorbance. High peaks thus highlight the presence of mutagens.
Organic solvents are used to elute the residue organics from the resins, after which the solvent is removed and a bioassay for mutagenicity is conducted. The remaining residue organics are next fractionated using a combined bioassay/analytical fractionation technique that gradually narrows the emphasis to the bioactive components of the complex mixture of remaining residue organics.
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g comparing humans with other primates, what behaviors do you think were most important for supporting our ancestors as they migrated to new ecological areas?
Our early ancestors and other primates were in constant migration to new ecological areas in search of food source and better and more suitable environment.
Human beings and our prehistoric predecessors as well as other primates are not evolving biologically as quickly as other creatures to adjust to the environment, and therefore we need to adapt to the environment that we live in and once the environment becomes too hostile to live in or in the event that the food source becomes scarce, our ancestors and other primates would migrate to new areas with friendlier environment and abundant source of food. Climate change being the major reason for early human migration, with the extreme temperature changes which either killed or drove away their food sources, the situation forced our early prehistoric predecessors to migrate to a new place where the environment is milder with ample food sources.
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Why is it necessary to complete doze of vaccine
Answer:
to get longer-lasting protection
Explanation:
Answer:
HOPE THIS HELPS
Explanation:
Because Receiving only one dose is not as useful as receiving the full dose, getting both doses of these vaccines maximizes your ability to receive full immunity from the vaccine. Receiving only one dose wouldn't provide you with the full protection and does not give you the full effectiveness of the vaccine.
what makes animals like dogs and foxes domesticated or tame? is it genetics or environment that helps us time (domesticated) wild animals?
Domesticated animals are animals that have been selectively bred and genetically adapted over generations to live apace with humans. They are genetically dissimilar from their wild ancestors or cousins.
Animal domestication falls into three main categories:
domestication for companionship (dogs and cats), animals reared for food (sheep, cows, pigs, turkeys, etc.), and working or draft animals (horses, donkeys, camels). Animals that make good contenders for domestication generally share many traits.
Domestication happens through selective breeding. Individuals that show beneficial traits are selected to be bred and these prudent traits are then passed along to future generations. Wolves were the first animal to be domesticated, sometime between 33,000 and 11,000 years ago.
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Which type of rock would be described as layered pieces of other rocks and fossils?.
Mudstone, shale, and limestone can be called as sedimentary rock have probability to contain fossils. As the layers of sediments collects on top of each other, they forms physical timeline. The earliest layers, along with the organisms that were fossilized as they formed, are bottomless. The new layers are seen at the top.
Sedimentary rocks are formed by various tiny sediments or rocks. They are formed on or near the Earth's surface, in distinction to metamorphic and igneous rocks, which are developed deep within the Earth.
These are also described as stratified rocks as strata is organised in layered pieces.
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which of the following events occur during prophase? i. centrosome duplication ii. centrosome movement to the spindle poles iii. centrosome organization of the spindle apparatus
Both of the following events occur during prophase.
In both mitosis and meiosis, the prophase is the initial phase of cell division. When the cell reaches prophase, DNA replication has already started after interphase. The chromosomes condense, the centrosomes shift, the mitotic spindle forms, and the nucleoli begin to degrade. These are the key processes of prophase.
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One function of the carbohydrate macromolecule is to store energy. Which other macromolecule also stores energy
Answer:
Lipids
Explanation:
They are stored as an energy reserve. In addition, they provide insulation and make up cell membranes.
They are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
what is the role of dna ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during dna replication? question 5 options: it synthesizes rna nucleotides to make a primer. it catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres. it unwinds the parental double helix. it joins okazaki fragments together.
In the expansion of the lagging strand during DNA replication, Okazaki fragments are joined by DNA ligase. The right response in this case is option D.
The leading and lagging strands are two different types of DNA strands that are produced during DNA replication, which creates a new strand of DNA. Additionally, some chemicals are present to carry out particular tasks necessary for the synthesis of these new strands.
The lagging strands must devise strategies to make sure they produce the new strands in this direction because the production of the new strand runs from the 5' to 3' direction; as a result, the Okazaki fragments are produced.
The Okazaki fragments are then joined and sealed together by DNA ligase, creating a long strand that is complementary to its template.
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Which characteristic was not advantageous for organisms in the million years after the catastrophic asteroid impact?.
(A) "Large body size" is the characteristic that was not advantageous for organisms in the million years after the catastrophic asteroid impact.
At first, having a large body was a disadvantage. Large animals have a high feeding need and a sluggish rate of reproduction. Larger animals eventually took control of the landscape, much as dinosaurs had done millions of years before. Large bodies are detrimental to organisms since they need less food and room to exist, which increases their viability.
Option B is false since living underground boosts survival odds and reduces predation. Option C is inaccurate since spores enable organisms to survive inclement weather. Option D is false since living near rivers and marshes offers access to shelter, food, and water.
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Question correction:
Which characteristic was NOT advantageous for organisms in the million years after the catastrophic asteroid impact?
A. Large body size
B. Dwelling underground
C. Self-contained spores
D. Dwelling in swamps or rivers
many sea creatures that occupy the lower benthic zones of the ocean are sightless. explain why this marine life, such as a variety of crabs, are not handicapped by their sightlessness.
Even though there is no light at the bottom of the ocean but still marine animals are adapted to not being able to see and even if they had eyes, they would not be able to see.
Why are benthonic zones?Many sea creatures that occupy the lower benthic zones of the ocean are sightless.
Animals that live on the sea floor are called benthos and most of these animals lack backbone and are hence called invertebrates. Benthic invertebrates are sea anemones, sponges, corals, sea stars, sea urchins, worms, crabs and others.
Because of the depths, benthic zone is characterized by low sunlight and low temperatures and this attributes to little life and biodiversity.
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Select more than 1 answer
Plasma is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT
A. carries nutrients like glucose and oxygen
B. carries hormones
C. carries antibodies and antitoxins
D. allows the blood to flow because it is mostly water
E. allows the body to maintain body temperature
F. carries waste products like carbon dioxide
Answer:D (i think)
Explanation: its a trick question i think because the plasma does do all of these things but what allows the blood to flow is the heart valves. Plasma doesnt ensure blood flow, the valves do.
if an organism with 64 chromosomes mates with a closely related organism with 62 chromosomes, the most likely result will be .
If an organism with 64 chromosomes mates with a closely related organism with 62 chromosomes, the most likely result will be sterile offspring due to hybrid sterility.
The DNA molecule is housed in chromosomes, which are shaped like threads and are found in the nucleus of every cell. To support its shape, the DNA that makes up each chromosome has been repeatedly tightly wound around proteins called histones.
Chromosomes cannot be seen in the nucleus of a cell that is not dividing, not even under a microscope. The DNA that makes up chromosomes, however, becomes more densely packed and is made visible under a microscope during cell division. Scientists have mostly learned about chromosomes by observing them during cell division.
The most prevalent type of postzygotic reproductive isolation in plants is hybrid sterility. Perhaps the most well-known instance is the indica-japonica hybrid sterility of Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.). Significant progress has been made in locating and cloning hybrid sterility genes in rice at two loci that control male and female fertility, respectively. The results from other model species, particularly Drosophila, along with genetic analysis and molecular characterization of these genes have increased our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning reproductive isolation and speciation. By demonstrating the viability and offering methods for overcoming intersubspecific hybrid sterility and enabling the generation of intersubspecific hybrids, these findings also have important implications for crop genetic improvement.
The complete question is:
If an organism with 64 chromosomes mates with a closely related organism with 62 chromosomes, the most likely result will be _____.
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the keto diet aims to induce a metabolic condition known as ketosis by almost eliminating the intake of carbohydrates. individuals on the keto diet sometimes use urinalysis test strips to confirm their body is in ketosis. what changes in the urinalysis test parameters would you expect someone in ketosis would experience?
Ketogenic dieters occasionally use urine sample strips to determine whether they bodies are in ketosis.
What are bad carbs?People may consider refined carbohydrates to be bad since they offer less nutrients, such as refined rice and flour. beverages like juices and sodas that have been sugared. delicacies that have undergone a lot of processing, such cookies and pastries.
Do you prefer rice to bread?The choice between rice and bread will depend on your nutritional objectives because rice has much more minerals and vitamins while bread contains fewer calories as carbs. Whatever you choose, choose the whole-grain kind for the greatest results on your health.
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What type of relationship do the spider
and the fern have?
Answer:
Commensal relationship
Explanation:
Spiders build their webs on trees. The spider gets to live in the tree, but the tree is unaffected.
np ;3
what is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum, both smooth and rough? what are the structural differences?
SER is mainly involved in lipid formation and it doesn’t have ribosomes on its surface whereas RER forms proteins and its surface has ribsomes on it
The main function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is formation and packaging and metabolism of lipid, fat molecules, steroid hormone and it is also involved in detoxification. The main function of is manufacture and packaging of protein molecule. Main difference – SER surface appears smooth as it is void of any ribosomal structure on it and RER has numerous ribosome molecules on it giving it rough appearance.
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heat controls microbial growth via: a. denaturation (inactivation) of enzymes b. induction of thymine dimers c. conjugation d. plasmoptysis
Heat controls microbial growth is done by the process of conjugation. Heat is a popular and powerful tool for preventing the development of microorganisms. The correct option is conjugation.
What is Conjugation methods-
Conjugation methods are frequently utilized in laboratory aseptic techniques. However, because conjugation penetrates cells more effectively than dry heat, it is often the more successful treatment.
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Compare and contrast selective permeability and active permeability in 2-3 sentences.
In comparison, selective permeability and active permeability both involve allowing substances to pass through.
In contrast, selective permeability only allows some select substances to pass through whereas active permeability involves allowing all substances to pass through.
What are selective permeability and active permeability?Selective permeability refers to the property of a substance in which the substance only allows select substances to pass through it.
Substances that possess the property of selective permeability are called selectively permeable substances. An example of such a substance is the cell memebrane which is a selectively permeable membrane.
Active permeability refers to the property of a substance in which it easily allows the substance to pass through it without selection.
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Based on current climate trends, which technological innovation could help solve an environmental issue that is likely to threaten Australia in the future?
A.
Water catchments could help stop overfishing.
B.
Water catchments could help slow climate change.
C.
Using electric cars could help slow climate change.
D.
Using electric cars could help lessen droughts.
The technological advancement that might help Australia overcome its drought problem would be "Catchments for water would slow climate change".
A protracted deficit in a region's water supply is referred to as a drought. Lack of air, surface, or groundwater causes droughts. Therefore, water catchments could help slow climate change" would be the technical advancement that could assist in resolving an environmental problem that is projected to endanger Australia inside the future based on existing climatic trends.
Therefore, the correct answer will be option (B).
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which of the following statements is false? group of answer choices for genes very close together, the recombination frequency is very low. genes on different chromosomes independently assort. in a given occurrence of meiosis, a single crossover can lead to 4 recombinant gametes. recombination can enhance fitness by combining beneficial alleles. syntenic genes can be unlinked (independently assort) if they are far apart on the chromosome.
In the given occurrence of meiosis, a single crossover can lead to 4 recombinant gametes is false.
Following genes on same chromosomes might result in two kinds of gametes. If there is no crossing over, the results are paternal gametes. When genes cross across, the result is recombinant gametes. Parental chromosomes are chromosomes that are identical to their parents.
Recombinant chromosomes are chromosomes that are unique from their parents. The children have no genetic variation. When meiosis causes recombination, the results collected are said to contain a recombinant genome.
If no collaboration system during meiosis, the products retain their original combinations and are referred to as having a non-recombinant, or parental genotypes. Recombination occurs at meiosis, when mother and the father genomes recombine to generate gametes.
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the aortic semilunar valve question 7 options: is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart. prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium. prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium. prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle. prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.
The pulmonary artery and right ventricle, as well as the aorta and left ventricle, are connected by semilunar valves. These valves permit blood to flow forward into the arteries but stop blood from flowing backward into the ventricles.
The aortic valve aids in maintaining proper blood flow through the heart. Blood flow to the body and the rest of the heart might be impacted by an unhealthy or damaged aortic valve.
Tricuspid valve refers to the valve on the right side of the heart that separates the upper (right atrium) and lower chambers (right ventricle).
The largest blood vessel in your body is the aorta. It transfers your heart's oxygenated blood to the rest of your body.
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oncoviruses are a type of animal virus that can cause a neoplasm. which type of virus is likely to be an oncovirus?
Oncovirus is likely to be a lysogenic virus that can cause neoplasm, leading to cancer.
By modifying the cancer-related pathways in the host cells, oncoviruses may encourage their survival and growth. Oncoviruses can cause neoplasms, either benign or malignant. Malignant neoplasms have the ability to migrate to other parts of the body while still replicating. Lysogenic virus allow the virus to replicate within the host cell before turning to lytic cycle. In this was, oncoviruses are lysogenic virus capable of causing cancer.
Lysogenic would delay the return to the lytic cycle long enough for it to multiply and gather into a tumor. The viral genome is incorporated into the host cell's genome during the lysogenic cycle, causing internal infection.
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help asap
process of assembling a protein on the basis of the information in an rna molecule
Answer:
Translation
Explanation:
mRNA or messenger RNA connects to RNA to send messages with codons or what you described as information and makes the amino acid because 1 codon = 1 amino acid, tRNA or transfer RNA basically brings those amino acids to the ribosome, ribosome links em together and something called a "stop" codon on the mRNA makes it stop and then release the protein they made :D
Which of these
BEST describes why
DNA never leaves
the nucleus?
A. DNA is a very large molecule plus it is a really
important molecule for life that needs
protection.
B. Most DNA serves absolutely no purpose so it
should always stay at home in the nucleus.
C. DNA just cannot compete with other
molecules such as RNA.
Answer:
A. DNA is a very large molecule plus it is a reallyimportant molecule for life that needsprotection.
Explanation:
DNA cannot leave the nucleus because that would risk it getting damaged. DNA carries the genetic code and all of the information needed for cells and organisms to function properly. If it were damaged or mutated, that would be disastrous for the organism, and could cause serious illnesses or even death.
DNA is a very large molecule plus it is a really important molecule for life that needs protection. Thus, option A is correct.
Why DNA cannot leave the nucleus?DNA will not leave the nucleus as it is because that would risk it as getting it damaged. DNA has carries the genetic code and all of the information needed for the cells and the organisms to function properly. If it has been damaged or mutated, that would bethe disastrous for the organism, and could cause the serious illnesses or even death.
mRNA could leave the nucleus, but the DNA cannot leave the nucleus because RNA has been considered as the single-stranded, and DNA has been double-stranded, so RNA has been smaller than the DNA.
DNA would be not a single-stranded structure. While RNA has been present in the single stranded form in the cell. Due to this, the double-stranded structure of the DNA seems longer than that of RNA to cross the nuclear membrane in the cell. As a result of this, RNA can easily leave the nucleus but DNA couldn't.
Therefore, DNA is a very large molecule plus it is a really important molecule for life that needs protection. Thus, option A is correct.
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Complete the following table that compare the four informal group of protit. Protozoan Slime mold Algae Seaweed
Decription
Example
They consist of multicellular seaweed and single-celled diatoms. They produce food through photosynthesis and have chlorophyll like plants.
Protozoa are they bacteria?Protozoa, often known as protozoa, are single-celled creatures similar to bacteria. However, they resemble animals and plant cells more since they are larger than bacteria and have a nucleus or other cell features.
What exactly are protozoans?One-celled organisms known as protozoa are present in most ecosystems on earth. Although the majority of species are free-living, all higher mammals are contaminated including one or more protozoan species. Depending on the type and strain of a parasite and the host's resistance, infections can vary from asymptomatic to fatal.
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Without the circulatory and respiratory systems, human bodies would not survive. Both systems play major roles in providing our bodies with what they need. They work individually as well as together to keep us alive and healthy,
Which four statements describe functions of the circulatory system?
Responses
A Part of this system filters air as it enters the body.Part of this system filters air as it enters the body.
B This system's organs passes oxygen into the bloodstream.This system's organs passes oxygen into the bloodstream.
C This system plays a major role in fighting infections.This system plays a major role in fighting infections.
D Oxygen is delivered to cells throughout the body by this system.Oxygen is delivered to cells throughout the body by this system.
E Carbon dioxide exits the body through this system.Carbon dioxide exits the body through this system.
F This system takes in oxygen from air outside the body.This system takes in oxygen from air outside the body.
G This system removes carbon dioxide from organs and delivers it the lungs.This system removes carbon dioxide from organs and delivers it the lungs.
H Nutrients are delivered to organs through this system.
Circulatory systems have different kinds of functions, gaseous exchange, nutrient transportation, and fighting with infection, hence option c,d,g, and h is correct.
What is the function of the circulatory system?Blood arteries within the circulatory system move blood away from and toward the heart. Arteries transport blood away from the heart, and veins transport blood back to the heart.
The circulatory system delivers oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells also while eliminating contaminants such as carbon dioxide.
The heart, blood, and blood arteries each work together to feed the body's cells. Blood transports carbon dioxide to the lungs (for exhale) and pulls up oxygen via the network of arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Therefore doing different functions by the circulatory system, hence option c,d,g, and h is correct.
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