The employees' insistence on receiving a salary below the minimum wage, even if it goes against the law, is not morally justified.
While the employees' concerns about losing their jobs are understandable, their insistence on accepting a salary below the minimum wage, even if it involves deception, is not morally justified. Morality is based on principles of fairness, justice, and adherence to the law. Paying employees below the minimum wage violates these principles and undermines the rights and well-being of the workers. It is important to recognize that the company's financial difficulties do not justify unethical behavior. Instead, alternative solutions should be explored, such as negotiating with the bank, seeking government assistance, or finding ways to cut expenses without compromising the legal and ethical obligations of employees.
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Calculate the arithmetic and geometric mean return for a stock with four-year annual returns of -7%, 10%, 50%, 15%. (2) 1.2. Calculate the standard deviation of annual investment returns, given the returns are –20.6%, –37.5%, 59.4%, and 33.8%. (2) 1.3. Suppose an investor wishes to combine a T-bill, which offers the risk free rate of 4.1%, and shares in HPQ Inc. HPQ has an expected return of 11% and a standard deviation of 22%. The portfolio is to be comprised of 50/50 split between the T-bill and HPQ. Calculate the portfolio expected return and standard deviation. (3) Question 2 [10] 2.1. An investor wishes to invest R15 000 in ABC Inc. which has a beta (β) which is half the market β and R20 000 in GB Corporation which has a β of 2.5. What is the beta of the portfolio? (2) 2.2. Using the CAPM and SML, what is the expected rate of return for an investment with a β of 1.8, a risk free rate of return of 4%, and a market rate of return of 10%? (1) 2.3. The following information is from: Your Portfolio The Market Return 12% ALSI return 10% Standard Deviation 14% Standard Deviation 12% Beta 1.2 Risk-free rate 4% Calculate Sharpe’s ratio and the Treynor Measure for both Your Portfolio and The Market and compare them. (7) Question 3 [3] Explain the characteristics of firm-specific risk. How might an investor limit his or her exposure to this type of risk
The arithmetic mean return is 4.375%.
The geometric mean return is 15.26%.
What are the arithmetic and geometric mean returns?To get the arithmetic mean return, we sum up all the annual returns and divide by the number of years:
= (-7% + 10% + 50% + 15%) / 4
= 17.5% / 4
= 4.375%.
To get geometric mean return, we will multiply all the annual returns together and take the fourth root:
[tex]= [(1 - 0.07) * (1 + 0.10) * (1 + 0.50) * (1 + 0.15)]^{1/4} - 1\\= 1.764675^{0.25} - 1[/tex]
= 1.15256700654 - 1
= 0.15256700654
= 15.26%.
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The X Café serves quick-service meal. Students arrive at the Café line at the rate of 100 per hour. The person taking the order averages 30 seconds per customer, which also includes getting the drink order fulfilled. After the order is placed, students sit at the table and the food is brought out to them.
1. What is the average customer time in the system?
2. What would be the effect on customer time in the system of having a second order taker doing nothing but filling drinks, thereby cutting the average service time to 20 seconds?
3. Would system waiting time be less than you found in ( b) if a second window was opened with each employee doing both (take order + fill drink) tasks?
The average customer time in the system can be calculated using Little's Law: average customer time = average number of customers in the system / arrival rate.
1. In this case, the arrival rate is 100 customers per hour and the service time is 30 seconds per customer. So, the average customer time in the system would be 0.3 hours or 18 minutes.
2. If a second order taker is added to fill drinks, reducing the average service time to 20 seconds, the overall customer time in the system would decrease. The new average customer time can be calculated using Little's Law again, considering the reduced service time. Assuming the arrival rate remains the same, the average customer time would be 0.2 hours or 12 minutes.
3. Opening a second window where each employee handles both taking orders and filling drinks could potentially reduce the system waiting time further. This approach would allow for parallel processing of tasks, potentially reducing overall service time. However, without specific data on the efficiency of each task, it is difficult to determine the exact impact on waiting time. Conducting a thorough analysis or simulation would be necessary to provide a more accurate assessment.
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The balance sheet for Apple Banana Corp. is shown below in market value terms.
Market Value Balance Sheet
Cash 600,000 Equity 5,600,000
Fixed assets 5,000,000
Total 5,600,000 Total 5,600,000
There are 300,000 shares of stock outstanding. The company has declared a dividend of 1 baht per share. The stock goes ex-dividend tomorrow. What is the ex-dividend price? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to two decimal places, e.g., 32.16)
The ex-dividend price for Apple Banana Corp. is $18.67. This is calculated by subtracting the total dividend amount from the equity value and dividing it by the number of shares outstanding.
To calculate the ex-dividend price, we need to subtract the total dividend amount from the equity value and then divide it by the number of shares outstanding. The total dividend amount is calculated by multiplying the dividend per share by the number of shares outstanding.
Given that the dividend per share is 1 baht and the number of shares outstanding is 300,000, the total dividend amount is 1 * 300,000 = 300,000 baht.
Subtracting the total dividend amount from the equity value, we have 5,600,000 - 300,000 = 5,300,000 baht.
To find the ex-dividend price, we divide the adjusted equity value by the number of shares outstanding:
Ex-Dividend Price = Adjusted Equity Value / Number of Shares Outstanding
Ex-Dividend Price = 5,300,000 / 300,000
Ex-Dividend Price = 17.67
Rounding the ex-dividend price to two decimal places, the answer is $18.67.
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Today, Dexter is investing $24,000 at 5.5 percent, compounded annually, for 6 years. How much additional income could he earn if he had invested this amount at 6.5 percent, compounded annually (note need to compute both)? A) $1,515.04 B) $1,927.19 C) $2,007,49 D) $2,515.04 E) $2.927.19 1320 6 6.5
To calculate the additional income Dexter could earn by investing $24,000 at different interest rates, we can use the formula for compound interest.
To calculate the additional income, we subtract the initial investment from the final amount Additional Income = Final amount - Initial investment
Additional Income = $34,044.26 - $32,355.29
Additional Income ≈ $1,688.97 Therefore, Dexter could earn approximately $1,688.97 in additional income if he had invested $24,000 at a 6.5% interest rate instead of 5.5%.
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hi
i need swot analysis of priya pickles company which is a registered
trademark of ushodaya enterprises pvt ltd(food division).
also i need summary of its company report
A SWOT analysis for the food division of a company should include the following:
Strengths: Wide acceptance amongst consumers, and modern technologies for production.Weaknesses: Increasing competition and a high debt rate.Opoortunities: A new market in another country.Threats: Increasing competitionHow to do a SWOT analysisTo do a SWOT analysis, you have to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that the organization is facing. For the food company above, the SWOT analysis can begin by stating the strengths of the business.
This will be followed with the weaknesses they are facing, opportunities for improvement and threats that can hinder progress.
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it is about Simple Interest Present Value
1-Find the amount Ashkin should deposit today if he needs $3,750 in his account in 5 months. Assume his account pays 4% simple interest.
2-Miguel promised to give his daughter $13,000 at the end of 3 years for a used car. What lump sum should he deposited today in an account paying 4% simple interest in order for him to have $13,000 at the end of 3 years?
8-A new computer costs $2,100. If the price of computers has increased by 1% in the past 6 months, how much did the computer cost 6 months ago? Assume the price increase follows a simple interest calculation.
9-Today, new tires for a high performance car cost $1,400. If the price of tires has increased by 1% over the past 12 months, how much did they cost 12 months ago? Assume the price increase follows a simple interest calculation.
10-A new luxury car costs $39,000. If the price of the car has increased 2% in the past 12 months, how much did the car cost 12 months ago? Assume the price increase follows a simple interest calculation.
The amount Ashkin should deposit today is given by;3750 = P (1 + 0.04 × 5/12)3750 = P (1.0167)P = 3750 / 1.0167P = $3,686.19
Ashkin should deposit $3,686.19 today in order to have $3750 in his account in 5 months.2-Miguel promised to give his daughter $13,000 at the end of 3 years for a used car. To find out the lump sum that Miguel should deposit today, we can use the formula for present value of a lump sum which is given as follows; P = FV / (1 + rt)where P is the present value, FV is the future value, r is the interest rate per period and t is the number of periods. Converting 3 years to 3 periods and substituting the values given we have; P = 13,000 / (1 + 0.04 × 3)P = 11,740.74
Miguel should deposit $11,740.74 today in an account paying 4% simple interest in order to have $13,000 at the end of 3 years.8-A new computer costs $2,100. Let x be the original price of the computer 6 months ago. If the price of the computer has increased by 1%, then the new price will be given by; x + 0.01x = 2,100. Simplifying the equation we have;1.01x = 2,100x = 2,100 / 1.01x = $2,079.21. The computer cost $2,079.21 6 months ago.9-Today, new tires for a high performance car cost $1,400. Let x be the original price of the tires 12 months ago. If the price of the tires has increased by 1%, then the new price will be given by;x + 0.01x = 1,400. Simplifying the equation we have;1.01x = 1,400x = 1,400 / 1.01x = $1,386.14
The tires cost $1,386.14 12 months ago.10-A new luxury car costs $39,000. If the price of the car has increased by 2%, then the new price will be given by; x + 0.02x = 39,000. The car cost $38,235.29 12 months ago.
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Eliezer's strategy for surviving the rosh hashanah selection with his friends yossi and tibi is to::
Eliezer's strategy for surviving the rosh hashanah selection with his friends Yossi and Tibi is to lie about his age and occupation.
This is an incident from the book Night by Elie Wiesel. What is Eliezer's strategy for surviving the Rosh Hashanah selection with his friends Yossi and Tibi ? In the memoir Night, Eliezer's strategy for surviving the Rosh Hashanah selection with his friends Yossi and Tibi is to lie about his age and profession. Eliezer states that he is eighteen years old and a farmer, while Yossi claims that he is a painter, and Tibi states that he is a worker in the electrical equipment store. By lying, they hope to be selected for work details rather than death. In conclusion, Eliezer's strategy for surviving the Rosh Hashanah selection with his friends Yossi and Tibi is to lie about his age and profession, according to the book Night.
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the store manager uses hose with water to clean the deli area at the end of the day this an example of which type of water use is it agriculture
No, using a hose with water to clean the deli area at the end of the day is not an example of agricultural water use.
It is an example of commercial or industrial water use, specifically for cleaning and maintenance purposes in a retail setting. Agricultural water use typically refers to the use of water for irrigation and other agricultural activities such as crop production and livestock farming.
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20. Calculating the Number of Periods [ LO4] You expect to
receive $10,000 at graduation in two years. You plan on investing
it at 11 percent until you have $60,000. How long will you wait
from now? *
You will need to wait approximately 8.44 periods to reach a future value of $60,000 if you invest $10,000 at 11%.To calculate the number of periods in which you will need to wait to reach a goal amount of $60,000 if you invest $10,000 at 11%, you can use the formula to calculate the future value of a present value with compound interest.
We will use n to represent the number of periods.
Future Value of the Investment = Present Value × (1 + Interest Rate)n
We are given that the Present Value is $10,000, and we are looking for the number of periods (n) we need to reach a future value of $60,000. Therefore, we can write this formula as follows: $60,000 = $10,000 × (1 + 0.11)nNow, we can isolate the exponent (n) using logarithms. Taking the natural logarithm (ln) of both sides, we get:
ln($60,000) = ln($10,000 × (1 + 0.11)n)
Using the properties of logarithms, we can simplify the right side:
ln($60,000) = ln($10,000) + ln(1 + 0.11)n
Applying the power rule of logarithms, we can move the exponent down:
ln($60,000) = ln($10,000) + n ln(1 + 0.11)
Now, we can solve for n by dividing both sides by ln(1 + 0.11):
n = [ln($60,000) - ln($10,000)] / ln(1 + 0.11)
Using a calculator, we can evaluate this expression and get: n ≈ 8.44
Therefore, you will need to wait approximately 8.44 periods to reach a future value of $60,000 if you invest $10,000 at 11%.
Answer: You will need to wait approximately 8.44 periods to reach a future value of $60,000 if you invest $10,000 at 11%.
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1. What are the methods of Generating ideas?
2. Get the illustration of Problem solving analysis and discuss
it.
There are various best methods of Generating Ideas are Brainstorming, Mind Mapping, SWOT Analysis, Journaling, Reverse Brainstorming,
1. Brainstorming: This is the most popular method used to generate ideas. Brainstorming is a technique that involves a group of people who generate as many ideas as possible.
2. Mind Mapping: A mind map is a visual representation of ideas, words, and concepts. It is an excellent tool for generating and organizing ideas.
3. SWOT Analysis: SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. It is a technique used to analyze a business or project.
4. Journaling: Writing your ideas in a journal is an excellent way to generate ideas. It helps you to keep track of your ideas, and you can always go back and review them later.
5. Reverse Brainstorming: This is a method of brainstorming that involves thinking of the opposite of what you want to achieve and then coming up with ideas on how to avoid it.
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Indicate the classification of each account and the accounts' normal balance. Current Assets - CA Long-term Investments - LTI Property, Plant & Equipment - PPE Intangible Assets - IA Current Liabiliti
The classification of the types of accounts given above nd their normal balances are given below.
What are they?Based on the account names provided, here are the classifications and normal balances -
Current Assets (CA) -
Classification - Current Assets
Normal Balance - Debit
Long-term Investments (LTI) -
Classification - Long-term Investments
Normal Balance - Debit
Property, Plant & Equipment (PPE) -
Classification - Property, Plant & Equipment
Normal Balance - Debit
Intangible Assets (IA) -
Classification - Intangible Assets
Normal Balance - Debit
Current Liabilities -
Classification - Current Liabilities
Normal Balance - Credit
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according to your textbook, all of the following except are factors you must consider when choosing a medium for a persuasive business message.
According to your textbook, all of the following except "audience preferences" are factors you must consider when choosing a medium for a persuasive business message.
This statement is true because the audience preferences can be the most important consideration for deciding which medium to use. It can be challenging to persuade someone if you do not use the right mode of communication.
Therefore, it is necessary to know and understand your audience, their preferences, needs, and their level of knowledge about the topic to be persuasive.In conclusion, the audience's preferences should be kept in mind while selecting the medium for a persuasive business message.
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Assume that you got an opportunity to complete your master degree in London. After reaching London, being the new resident of that country, how will you feel the cultural shock? What practices will you follow to come out from the cultural shock?
Studying abroad provides individuals with a great opportunity to explore and experience new cultures and traditions. It is possible for an individual who has moved to a new country to experience cultural shock.
Here is how to overcome cultural shock in a new country:
Identify and acknowledge differences: Try to learn about the new culture, customs, traditions, and way of living. This would help you become more aware of what to expect from your host country.
Learn the Language: Communicating with others in the host country is critical. By learning the language, individuals can learn more about the country's culture and connect with its citizens
.Make new friends: Try to make new friends by joining different clubs or groups. By doing this, you can share experiences and learn more about the host country's culture and customs. This will help to lessen the effects of the cultural shock.
Maintain your old habits: It is important to continue doing things that bring you comfort and keep you connected to your home country.
Staying connected with your old habits and traditions would help you feel more comfortable in your host country and reduce your culture shock.
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share your views on the dual employment article from a ethics
point of view
Dual employment is the type of employment situation where the employee works two or more jobs at the same time. The employees who are working for two or more different companies can create a conflict of interest between their employers, and it can affect the employee's work performance.
In general, it is considered unethical for employees to work simultaneously for two or more employers. The primary reason for this is that dual employment can create conflicts of interest, making it difficult for an employee to serve the best interests of both companies. When an employee is working two jobs, he or she is dividing their time and attention between both jobs, and it can affect their quality of work. Moreover, the employee may not be able to fulfill their responsibilities in any of the jobs completely. It also raises questions about loyalty to both employers.When it comes to ethical principles, employees must be honest, trustworthy, and reliable in fulfilling their obligations to their employers. Employers trust their employees to work towards their company's best interest. They also expect the employees to protect the confidential and sensitive information of the company. However, dual employment can compromise the trust between the employee and employer. It can raise the concern of the company and affect the company's reputation.
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One can hold a credit card issued by a stock brokerage firm
T/F
The statement "One can hold a credit card issued by a stock brokerage firm" is true.
Many stock brokerage firms offer a range of financial products and services to their clients, including credit cards. While their primary focus may be on providing investment services such as buying and selling stocks, bonds, and other securities, some brokerage firms also provide credit card offerings to their customers.
These credit cards issued by stock brokerage firms often come with specific features and benefits tailored to investors. They may offer rewards or cashback programs that are geared towards investment-related spending, such as earning points or discounts on brokerage fees or investment products. Additionally, some brokerage credit cards may offer perks or benefits that cater to frequent travelers or individuals interested in specific investment categories.
Having a credit card issued by a stock brokerage firm can provide convenience and integration for investors who prefer to manage their investments and credit needs within a single platform. It can also offer the opportunity to streamline financial activities and potentially earn rewards or benefits related to investment-related expenses.
However, it is important to note that credit cards issued by brokerage firms may have certain eligibility requirements, fees, and terms and conditions associated with them. It is advisable to carefully review and compare the features, fees, and benefits of any credit card before applying for one, including those issued by stock brokerage firms, to ensure it aligns with your financial goals and preferences.
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A prospector strategy works well in an environment where there is little change or uncertainty.
a. true
b. false
True, A prospector strategy works well in an environment where there is little change or uncertainty. This is known as an emergent strategy, which is more beneficial in an unpredictable market environment.
A prospector strategy is used by a company that seeks to discover and seize new opportunities in emerging and changing markets. Such a strategy is preferred in a market environment where there is little change or uncertainty. A prospector strategy entails a high degree of flexibility and adaptability, and it is most effective in environments where there is a high level of uncertainty or ambiguity regarding the future. The Emergent strategy is one of the two types of strategies.
An emergent strategy is a process in which an organization reacts to and learns from experience. A plan, or series of plans, emerges as a result of this process. This strategy is more suited to an unpredictable market environment, such as a start-up company with limited resources that must adapt and evolve quickly.A Prospector strategy is used in a stable market environment to gain a competitive advantage. It is most effective when a firm focuses on market niche and strives to deliver unique products and services to meet customer needs. This approach necessitates constant innovation and proactive strategy, which leads to a higher chance of gaining a competitive edge over other companies.
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(a) Explain the factors that can influence the pricing strategy adopted by a product/service brand of your choice. (b) Evaluate the importance of 'price' being consistent and integrating with other elements of the marketing mix. Give examples to help explain your answer.
(a) Factors that can influence the pricing strategy adopted by a product/service brand:The pricing strategy of a product or service is influenced by several factors which are given below:1. Marketing Objectives: The objective of the marketing strategies adopted by the company has a considerable impact on the pricing strategy.
A company that is looking to penetrate a new market will have a different pricing strategy than a company that is aiming to maintain its market share.2. The nature of the product or service: The type of product or service being offered plays a significant role in determining the pricing strategy. For example, a luxury brand will have a different pricing strategy than a budget brand.
Market Conditions: The price of a product or service can be affected by the supply and demand of the market. If the demand for a product is high and the supply is low, the price of the product will go up.4. Competitor's pricing strategy: Competitors' pricing strategy can significantly affect the pricing strategy of a company. If a company's pricing strategy is significantly higher than its competitors, it may result in a loss of market share.(b) The importance of 'price' being consistent and integrating with other elements of the marketing mix:Price is an essential element of the marketing mix, and it must be consistent with other elements of the marketing mix to create a cohesive message for the consumer. The following points describe the importance of price being consistent and integrating with other elements of the marketing mix:1. Competitive Advantage: A consistent pricing strategy that integrates with other elements of the marketing mix can give a company a competitive advantage.2. Brand Image: A consistent pricing strategy can help a company to establish a brand image.3. Customer Perception: The price of a product or service can significantly affect the customer's perception of the product.4. Market Share: A consistent pricing strategy that integrates with other elements of the marketing mix can help a company maintain or increase its market share.5. Customer Loyalty: A consistent pricing strategy that integrates with other elements of the marketing mix can help a company build customer loyalty.Example: Apple's pricing strategy has always been consistent with other elements of its marketing mix. Apple's marketing mix includes the following elements: Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. Apple's pricing strategy is consistent with the brand image and the quality of its products. Apple's premium pricing strategy has helped the company to establish a brand image of luxury and high-quality products.
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Which of the following transactions would be counted toward this year's GDP?
a) General Motors purchases 10,000,000 tires from Firestone
b) A three-hundred-year-old painting is sold for $12 million
c) A street gang earns $2 million from selling illegal drugs
d) Your real estate agent earns $5,000 commission when you sell your hundred-year-old house for $100,000
A transaction would be counted towards this year's GDP if it contributes to the nation's production and income, and it occurs within a country's geographical boundaries. Out of the given options, the transaction that would be counted towards this year's GDP is General Motors purchases 10,000,000 tires from Firestone.
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is a measure of a nation's economic performance, which is calculated by adding up the total value of goods and services produced in the country. The four components of GDP are personal consumption expenditures, investment, government spending, and net exports.To be counted towards a country's GDP, the transaction has to be productive and occur within the country's geographic borders.
Therefore, a street gang earning $2 million from selling illegal drugs wouldn't be counted towards the country's GDP because the money is earned from illegal activities. A three-hundred-year-old painting that is sold for $12 million is not counted because the painting is an old object, and the transaction doesn't create anything new.
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What is the relation between production functions and cost
functions? Be sure to include in your discussion the effect of
competitive conditions in input factor markets
Production function refers to a relationship between the input and output of a business, whereas cost function refers to a relationship between the cost of a business and the level of output.
The relationship between these two functions is that they both represent the production process of a business and the relationship between the input and output of that business. It is often used in microeconomic analysis to understand the cost and output behavior of a firm. The production function and cost function of a company are interdependent. The production function enables a company to determine its optimal output for a given input of factors of production, while the cost function enables a company to determine the cost of production for a given level of output. As a result, a company's production function can be used to calculate its cost function, and vice versa. A firm's cost function is an integral part of its overall production function.
As a result, a firm's cost function will be determined by the competitive conditions that exist in the input factor markets. In a competitive input factor market, the price of an input will be equal to its marginal cost, which is the additional cost of producing one more unit of that input. This means that a firm will be able to purchase inputs at the market price and will not be able to affect the price of inputs. However, if the input factor market is not competitive, the price of an input will not be equal to its marginal cost, and the firm will be able to affect the price of inputs by increasing its demand for them. In conclusion, the relationship between production functions and cost functions is that they both represent the production process of a business and the relationship between the input and output of that business. Competitive conditions in input factor markets have a significant effect on a firm's cost function, which is an integral part of its overall production function.
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Calculating Rates of Return [LO3] Although appealing to more refined tastes, art as a collectible has not always performed so profitably. During 2003, Sotheby's sold the Edgar Degas bronze sculpture Petite Danseuse de Quatorze Ans at auction for a price of $10,231,500. Unfortunately for the previous owner, he had purchased it in 1999 at a price of $12,217,500. What was his annual rate of return on this sculpture? (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) Answer is complete but not entirely correct. Annual rate of return 4.46 %
The correct answer is "Annual rate of return -4.46%."Note: The provided answer "Annual rate of return 4.46%" is incorrect.
The annual rate of return on the sculpture can be calculated as follows:Calculate the dollar amount of the loss the owner incurred. The loss is equal to the difference between the purchase price in 1999 and the sale price in 2003.
Loss = Purchase price in 1999 - Sale price in 2003 = $12,217,500 - $10,231,500 = $1,986,000
Note that the loss is negative since the sale price is less than the purchase price. To calculate the annual rate of return, divide the loss by the purchase price and divide the result by the number of years between the purchase and sale.Year 1 to year 4
: (0.5)($12,217,500) = $6,108,750Year 5: $4,122,750
Therefore, the annual rate of return for the sculpture is -4.46% (negative since the owner incurred a loss).
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Bond DEF has a maturity of three years, with annual coupons of R200, a face value of R1000, and annual YTM of 10%. Calculate the approximate duration of the bond.
1. 6 years
2. 2.1 years
3. 3 years
4.24 years
5. 2.58 years
The approximate duration of the bond DEF is option 5) 2.58 years.
Approximate Duration of a bond is the average time taken by all the bond's cash flows to be received. It measures the sensitivity of bond prices to changes in interest rates. The formula for the approximate duration of a bond is; {tex}Duration= (\frac{CF_{1}}{1+r})t_{1} + (\frac{CF_{2}}{1+r})t_{2}+ ... + (\frac{CF_{n}}{1+r})t_{n} {/tex}
where CF is cash flow, t is time, and r is yield to maturity. CF, t, and r should have the same time interval. We can now use the above formula to calculate the duration of the bond.
Duration= $\frac{CF(1-t_{1})}{(1+r)^{2}}$ + $\frac{CF(1-t_{2})}{(1+r)^{3}}$ + $\frac{CF(1-t_{3})}{(1+r)^{4}}$+ $\frac{CF(1+face value-t_{n})}{(1+r)^{n+1}}$
Given that;
CF = R200, t = 1, r = 0.10 and n = 3
The bond has an annual coupon of R200, with a face value of R1000 and YTM of 10%. The bond's cash flows are;
Cash Flow ($CF$)
Time ($t$)R20011R20022R20033R12003
The duration of the bond can be computed as follows;
Duration = $\frac{200(1-1)}{(1+0.10)^{2}}$ + $\frac{200(1-2)}{(1+0.10)^{3}}$ + $\frac{200(1-3)+1000}{(1+0.10)^{4}}$$\therefore Duration = 2.58$
Therefore, the approximate duration of the bond DEF is 2.58 years.
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it is about Simple Interest Present Value
1-Ramon needs $25,000 at the end of 6 months for a down payment on a new house. What amount should he deposit today in an account paying 3.6% simple interest in order to reach his goal?
2-Find the amount Jose should deposit today in order to have $5,000 in his account 6 years from now if the account earns 4% simple interest.
3-Bonnie wants to have $3,000 in her account in 10 years. Find the amount she should deposit today in order to reach her goal if the account earns 3% simple interest.
4-Chuck will pay $8,000 to retire a loan after 2 years. If the principal and interest are repaid in one lump sum, how much did Chuck originally borrow at 2.4% simple interest?
5-Find the amount Scooter should deposit today if he wants $1,000 in his account in 8 years. Assume an interest rate environment of 3% simple interest.
1. To calculate the amount Ramon should deposit today in an account paying 3.6% simple interest, we will use the formula;Simple interest = (P × R × T) / 100Where P is the principal, R is the rate of interest and T is the time period in years.Given that Ramon needs $25,000 at the end of 6 months (0.5 years) and the account pays 3.6% simple interest, we can calculate the amount he needs to deposit as follows:25000 = (P × 3.6 × 0.5) / 100Solving for P,P = (25000 × 100) / (3.6 × 0.5)P = $347,222.22Therefore, Ramon should deposit $347,222.22 in an account paying 3.6% simple interest to reach his goal.
2. To find the amount Jose should deposit today in order to have $5,000 in his account 6 years from now if the account earns 4% simple interest, we will use the formula;Simple interest = (P × R × T) / 100Where P is the principal, R is the rate of interest and T is the time period in years.Given that Jose wants to have $5,000 in his account 6 years from now and the account earns 4% simple interest, we can calculate the amount he should deposit as follows:$5,000 = (P × 4 × 6) / 100Solving for P,P = ($5,000 × 100) / (4 × 6)P = $20,833.33Therefore, Jose should deposit $20,833.33 in the account today to have $5,000 in his account 6 years from now.
3. To find the amount Bonnie should deposit today in order to have $3,000 in her account in 10 years if the account earns 3% simple interest, we will use the formula;Simple interest = (P × R × T) / 100Where P is the principal, R is the rate of interest and T is the time period in years.Given that Bonnie wants to have $3,000 in her account in 10 years and the account earns 3% simple interest, we can calculate the amount she should deposit as follows:$3,000 = (P × 3 × 10) / 100Solving for P,P = ($3,000 × 100) / (3 × 10)P = $10,000Therefore, Bonnie should deposit $10,000 in the account today to have $3,000 in her account in 10 years if the account earns 3% simple interest.
4. To find the original amount Chuck borrowed at 2.4% simple interest, we will use the formula;Simple interest = (P × R × T) / 100Where P is the principal, R is the rate of interest and T is the time period in years.Given that Chuck will pay $8,000 to retire a loan after 2 years at 2.4% simple interest, we can calculate the original amount he borrowed as follows:$8,000 = (P × 2.4 × 2) / 100Solving for P,P = ($8,000 × 100) / (2.4 × 2)P = $166,666.67Therefore, Chuck originally borrowed $166,666.67 at 2.4% simple interest.
5. To find the amount Scooter should deposit today if he wants $1,000 in his account in 8 years assuming an interest rate environment of 3% simple interest, we will use the formula;Simple interest = (P × R × T) / 100Where P is the principal, R is the rate of interest and T is the time period in years.Given that Scooter wants $1,000 in his account in 8 years at 3% simple interest, we can calculate the amount he should deposit as follows:$1,000 = (P × 3 × 8) / 100Solving for P,P = ($1,000 × 100) / (3 × 8)P = $4,166.67Therefore, Scooter should deposit $4,166.67 in the account today if he wants $1,000 in his account in 8 years at 3% simple interest.
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1. Simple interest = P × r × tP = $?r = 3.6% = 0.036t = 6/12 years = 0.5 years
Simple interest = P × r × t$25,000 = P + P × r × t$25,000 = P(1 + rt)$25,000 = P(1 + 0.036 × 0.5)P = $24,283.95
Therefore, Ramon should deposit $24,283.95 today.
2. Simple interest = P × r × tP = $?r = 4% = 0.04t = 6 years
Simple interest = P × r × t$5,000 = P + P × r × t$5,000 = P(1 + rt)$5,000 = P(1 + 0.04 × 6)P = $3,571.43
Therefore, Jose should deposit $3,571.43 today.
3. Simple interest = P × r × tP = $?r = 3% = 0.03t = 10 years
Simple interest = P × r × t$3,000 = P + P × r × t$3,000 = P(1 + rt)$3,000 = P(1 + 0.03 × 10)P = $2,186.39
Therefore, Bonnie should deposit $2,186.39 today.
4. Simple interest = P × r × tP = $?r = 2.4% = 0.024t = 2 years
Simple interest = P × r × t$8,000 = P + P × r × t$8,000 = P(1 + rt)$8,000 = P(1 + 0.024 × 2)P = $7,505.88
Therefore, Chuck originally borrowed $7,505.88 at 2.4% simple interest.
5. Simple interest = P × r × tP = $?r = 3% = 0.03t = 8 years
Simple interest = P × r × t$1,000 = P + P × r × t$1,000 = P(1 + rt)$1,000 = P(1 + 0.03 × 8)P = $734.71
Therefore, Scooter should deposit $734.71 today.
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For a health-care client, you are designing & developing a platform that caters to comprehensive medical care where patient data will be hosted on client's cloud service provider. The platform allows patients to avail health services from doctors associated with one or more of registered hospitals, including online diagnostic services and home-delivery of medicines.
Which PIl collected by the platform is likely to be optional for providing medical services?
For a health-care client, the platform allows patients to avail health services from doctors associated with one or more of registered hospitals, including online diagnostic services and home-delivery of medicines.
The PIl (Personally Identifiable Information) collected by the platform that is likely to be optional for providing medical services is sensitive patient information. Below is a comprehensive answer on the PIl collected by the platform that is likely to be optional for providing medical services: Personally Identifiable Information (PII) is defined as the data that can be used to identify a particular person, including their name, social security number, date of birth, address, and phone number.
Sensitive patient information, such as medical history and condition, should be safeguarded due to privacy concerns. Medical data privacy regulations, such as HIPAA in the United States, must be strictly adhered to.PII is critical to patient care, as it enables health-care professionals to deliver care that is tailored to each individual patient's specific needs. Patients who do not want to share their sensitive information can elect to withhold it. Patients should be aware of the risks and benefits of sharing their sensitive information, as well as the ways in which their information will be used and protected.
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Retake question Samuel just purchased one IBM stock share for 8 dollars. IBM stock price has a 20% chance to be 4, a 30% chance to be 15, and a 50% chance to be 12 next year. What is Samuel's expected return (report the return as a decimal number with four decimal places such as 0.0665) from holding the IBM share for one year?
The expected return of Samuel from holding the IBM share for one year is $11.30.
The cost price of one IBM stock share = $8
The probability of the IBM stock price being $4 = 20% or 0.20
The probability of the IBM stock price being $15 = 30% or 0.30.
The probability of the IBM stock price being $12 = 50% or 0.50
Formula:
Expected return = (Probability of occurrence 1 × Return 1) + (Probability of occurrence 2 × Return 2) + (Probability of occurrence 3 × Return 3) + ... + (Probability of occurrence n × Return n)
As we have the information about the cost price of the IBM share and its probability of price change, we can easily calculate the expected return of the share for the next year. The probability and the corresponding return are given below:
Probability of the IBM share price Expected IBM share price 0.20 $40.30 $150.50 $12
Let's calculate the expected return now.
Expected return = (Probability of occurrence 1 × Return 1) + (Probability of occurrence 2 × Return 2) + (Probability of occurrence 3 × Return 3) + ... + (Probability of occurrence n × Return n)
Expected return = (0.20 × 4) + (0.30 × 15) + (0.50 × 12)
Expected return = 0.80 + 4.50 + 6.00
Expected return = 11.30.
Therefore, the expected return of Samuel from holding the IBM share for one year is $11.30.
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You are selling furniture from Hamilton, Canada to a company in Gdansk, Poland. You are familiar with Canadian trucking but you know the about ocean tight Incoterm for you to use is a CIF Hamilton b EXW Gdansk c FOB Hamiton d FOB Gdansk
The appropriate Incoterm to use for selling furniture from Hamilton, Canada to a company in Gdansk, Poland would be FOB Hamilton. Thus, option (c) is correct.
The Incoterm FOB (Free On Board) indicates that the seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the port of shipment in Hamilton, Canada. Once the goods are loaded onto the vessel, the risk and responsibility transfer to the buyer.
FOB Hamilton is suitable in this scenario as it ensures that the seller takes care of the transportation within Canada, while the buyer assumes responsibility for the shipment once it is loaded onto the vessel in Hamilton. This allows for a clear division of obligations and costs between the parties involved.
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The organisers of a college basketball tournament estimate that the demand for tickets by adults is given by QAD = 2,750 – 50P and that the demand for tickets by students is given by Q ES = 7,750 – 200P. The total cost of organising the tournament is given by C = 10 + 0.01Q², with Q being the number of spectators.
a) The directors of the organization of the championship consider that price discrimination can give them a bad image and, therefore, announce a single price for all attendees. Calculate the number of tickets that will allow them to maximise profits and the price of each ticket. Represent graphically.
b) In the face of harsh criticism from student associations, the organisers are considering segmenting the market and setting different prices for adults and students. How many tickets will you sell in this case and at what prices? Represent graphically.
c) What pricing strategy do you think the organisers will ultimately opt for?
It is important to note that there are ethical concerns associated with price discrimination, particularly if it is based on factors such as race or gender.
a) Directors of the organization of the championship consider that price discrimination can give them a bad image and, therefore, announce a single price for all attendees. Calculate the number of tickets that will allow them to maximize profits and the price of each ticket and represent graphically.
1. To find out the number of tickets that maximizes profits, the first step is to calculate the total revenue function, which is TR = PQ, where P is the price of the ticket and Q is the number of attendees. So, we substitute the demand equations: Q = QAD + QES = (2,750 – 50P) + (7,750 – 200P) = 10,500 – 250P.
Revenue (R) = PQ = P(10,500 – 250P) = 10,500P – 250P².
2. The total cost of organising the tournament is given by C = 10 + 0.01Q², with Q being the number of spectators.
3. The profit equation is: Π = R – C = 10,500P – 250P² – 10 – 0.01Q².
4. The profit is maximized when the derivative of Π with respect to P equals zero: dΠ/dP = 10,500 – 500P = 0 → P = 21.
Therefore, the price per ticket should be $21. To determine the number of tickets that maximize profits, substitute P = 21 in the demand equation for Q, Q = 10,500 – 250P = 4,500 tickets. The profit that the organizers will obtain will be:
Π = 10,500(21) – 250(21)² – 10 – 0.01(4,500)² = $63,330. A graphical representation can be seen below:
b)In the face of harsh criticism from student associations, the organisers are considering segmenting the market and setting different prices for adults and students. The demand equations for adults and students were given as QAD = 2,750 – 50P and QES = 7,750 – 200P, respectively. The total number of tickets sold is equal to QAD + QES.
The price of a student ticket is Ps, and the price of an adult ticket is Pa.
To maximize profits, the following conditions must be met:
Marginal revenue for adults = Marginal cost
Marginal revenue for students = Marginal cost
1. Marginal revenue for adults (MRA) is the derivative of the total revenue function (TR) with respect to QAD.
TR = PaQAD + PsQES
MRA = dTR/dQAD = Pa – 50
2. Marginal revenue for students (MRS) is the derivative of the total revenue function (TR) with respect to QES.
TR = PaQAD + PsQES
MRS = dTR/dQES = Ps – 200
3. The marginal cost (MC) is the derivative of the total cost function (C) with respect to Q.
C = 10 + 0.01Q²
MC = dC/dQ = 0.02Q
4. We also know that the total number of tickets sold, Q, is equal to QAD + QES.
Q = QAD + QES = (2,750 – 50Pa) + (7,750 – 200Ps)
5. Using these equations, we can determine the optimal price and quantity for both student and adult tickets:
MRA = MC
Pa – 50 = 0.02Q
Pa – 50 = 0.02(QAD + QES)
Pa – 50 = 0.02[(2,750 – 50Pa) + (7,750 – 200Ps)]
Pa – 50 = 55 – Pa + 15 – Ps
2Pa + Ps = 120
MRS = MC
Ps – 200 = 0.02Q
Ps – 200 = 0.02(QAD + QES)
Ps – 200 = 0.02[(2,750 – 50Pa) + (7,750 – 200Ps)]
Ps – 200 = 550 – 10Pa – 2Ps
10Pa + 3Ps = 750
Now we have two equations with two unknowns. We can solve for Ps and Pa:
2Pa + Ps = 120
10Pa + 3Ps = 750
Pa = 63
Ps = 54
Therefore, the optimal price for adult tickets is $63, and the optimal price for student tickets is $54. The total number of tickets sold can be found by substituting Pa and Ps into the demand equations for QAD and QES and adding the results:QAD = 2,750 – 50(63) = 550
QES = 7,750 – 200(54) = 1,350
Total tickets sold = 550 + 1,350 = 1,900A graphical representation can be seen below:
c)What pricing strategy do you think the organizers will ultimately opt for?
The organizers may ultimately opt for price discrimination by charging different prices for students and adults. This is because it allows them to increase revenue by charging higher prices to those with a higher willingness to pay (adults) and lower prices to those with a lower willingness to pay (students). However, it is important to note that there are ethical concerns associated with price discrimination, particularly if it is based on factors such as race or gender.
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product repositioning idea (product description, existing segmentation, proposed repositioned segmentation)
Select an existing product or class of products;
Describe the company’s current target market (including market size, competitors and characteristics) for that product and the demographic, psychographic and/ or behavioral segmentation of that target market;
Describe the product usage and attributes that are currently outlined and the appeal(s) that are employed to position the product in the consumer’s mind;
Without fundamentally changing the product, propose a new different use and target market or a new, untapped target market (including market size, competitors and characteristics) for the same product;
Describe the demographic, psychographic and/or behavioral segmentation of the new target market;
Describe the product attributes that will be outlined and the appeal(s) that will be employed to reposition the product in the consumer’s mind.
Product repositioning is the process of changing a product's market perception by improving its value proposition, brand image, and market position. It involves changing the way consumers view a product or service by altering the marketing mix, including its packaging, messaging, and distribution.
The product that is being repositioned is a reusable water bottle. Currently, the product is positioned as a simple and inexpensive way to stay hydrated. It is marketed to a broad audience of active individuals who lead healthy lifestyles. However, the proposed repositioning strategy will involve targeting a more specific market segment.The new target market will be environmentally conscious millennials who prioritize sustainability and eco-friendliness. This segment of consumers is highly concerned about the environmental impact of single-use plastics and seeks sustainable alternatives to disposable products. To appeal to this audience, the product will be repositioned as an eco-friendly alternative to disposable water bottles.The product attributes that will be highlighted include its durability, functionality, and sustainability. The appeal will be to reduce the environmental impact of single-use plastics by using a reusable water bottle. The packaging will be redesigned to communicate the product's sustainability features, including the use of recycled materials and the product's recyclability.In conclusion, product repositioning is an important strategy to improve a product's market position and appeal to new target markets. The proposed repositioning strategy for the reusable water bottle involves targeting environmentally conscious millennials by highlighting the product's sustainability and eco-friendliness. This will be communicated through the product attributes, packaging, and messaging to appeal to this audience and position the product as an eco-friendly alternative to disposable water bottles.
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Finding the WACC. Jamieson Clothing Company has 5.1 million ordinary shares outstanding: 290 000, 5.2% preference shares outstanding; and 125 000 5.7% half-yearly bonds outstanding, par value $1000 each. The ordinary shares currently sell for $72 and have a beta of 1.13; the preference shares sell for $103; and the bonds have 20 years to maturity and sell for 103% of par, and the yield to maturity of the bonds is 5.46%. The market risk premium is 6.8%; government bonds are yielding 4.3%; and Jamieson Clothing's tax rate is 30%. The book value of one preference share is $100. a. What is the firm's market-value capital structure? b. If Jamieson Clothing is evaluating a new investment project that has the same risk as the firm's typical project, what rate should the firm use to discount the project's cash flows under a classical tax system?
To find the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for Jamieson Clothing Company, we need to determine the market-value capital structure and the appropriate discount rate for evaluating new investment projects.
a) To calculate the firm's market-value capital structure, we multiply the number of shares and bonds outstanding by their respective market prices. For the ordinary shares, the market value is calculated by multiplying the number of shares outstanding by the share price. For the preference shares and bonds, the market value is equal to the number of shares or bonds outstanding multiplied by their respective prices.
b) To determine the discount rate for evaluating new investment projects, we use the WACC, which is the weighted average of the cost of equity, cost of preference shares, and cost of debt. The WACC formula is: WACC = (E/V) * Re + (P/V) * Rp + (D/V) * Rd * (1 - tax rate), where E, P, and D represent the market values of equity, preference shares, and debt, respectively, and V is the total market value of the firm. Re, Rp, and Rd are the respective required rates of return for equity, preference shares, and debt. The tax rate is also considered to calculate the after-tax cost of debt.
By plugging in the relevant values into the formula, including the cost of equity, cost of preference shares, and cost of debt, the WACC can be calculated. The WACC represents the appropriate discount rate to evaluate new investment projects with the same risk level as the firm's typical projects.
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Question 1. Cool-Ice’s balance sheet for 30 November follows. Use it and the following information to prepare a cash budget for Cool-Ice for December.
80% of sales are on account, of which half are collected in the month of the sale, 49% are collected the following month and 1% are never collected and are written off as bad debts.
All purchases of materials are on account. Cool-Ice pays for 70% of purchases in the month of purchase and 30% in the following month.
All other costs are paid in the month incurred.
Cool-Ice is making monthly interest payments of 1% (12% per year) on a $20 000 long-term loan.
Cool-Ice plans to pay the $500 of taxes owed as of 30 November in the month of December. Income tax expense for December is zero.
40% of processing and set-up costs, and 30% of marketing and general administration costs, are depreciation.
Cool-Ice is expected to have a deficit of around -$30,795.60 by the end of December, which suggests a possible cash shortage. The company may need to take steps to enhance its cash flow or obtain more funding to address the shortfall.
To prepare a cash budget for Cool-Ice for December, we need to consider the cash inflows and outflows based on the provided information. Here's how we can calculate the cash budget:
1. Calculate the sales revenue for December:
Total credit sales: 80% of sales = 80% * ($4,704 + $96) = $3,840
Sales collected in the month of sale: 50% of credit sales = 50% * $3,840 = $1,920
Sales collected in the following month: 49% of credit sales = 49% * $3,840 = $1,881
Bad debts: 1% of credit sales = 1% * $3,840 = $38
Total cash inflow from sales: $1,920 + $1,881 - $38 = $3,763
2. Calculate the cash inflow from accounts receivable:
Collections from previous credit sales (November): $4,800 - $96 (allowance for bad debts) = $4,704
Total cash inflow from accounts receivable: $4,704
3. Calculate the cash outflow for purchases of materials:
Purchases in December: 70% of direct materials = 70% * $169 = $118.30
4. Calculate the cash outflow for other costs:
Processing and set-up costs: 40% of depreciation on fixed assets = 40% * $55,759 = $22,303.60
Marketing and general administration costs: 30% of depreciation on fixed assets = 30% * $55,759 = $16,727.70
5. Calculate the cash outflow for interest payments:
Monthly interest payment: 1% of $20,000 long-term loan = $200
6. Calculate the cash outflow for taxes:
Payment for taxes owed as of 30 November: $500
7. Prepare the cash budget by summarizing the cash inflows and outflows:
Cash Inflows:
Cash inflow from sales: $3,763
Cash inflow from accounts receivable: $4,704
Total Cash Inflows: $3,763 + $4,704 = $8,467
Cash Outflows:
Purchases of materials: $118.30
Other costs (depreciation): $22,303.60 + $16,727.70 = $39,031.30
Interest payments: $200
Taxes: $500
Total Cash Outflows: $118.30 + $39,031.30 + $200 + $500 = $39,849.60
8. Calculate the ending cash balance:
Beginning cash balance (as of 30 November): $587
Net cash flow (Total Cash Inflows - Total Cash Outflows): $8,467 - $39,849.60 = -$31,382.60
Ending cash balance: Beginning cash balance + Net cash flow = $587 - $31,382.60 = -$30,795.60
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Marwa & Co. purchased a parcel of land six years ago for $629513. At that time, the firm invested $257058 in grading the site so that it would be usatis Since the fim w ready to the site itself at that time, it decided to lease the land for $53,500 a year. The company is now considering building a warehouse on the site as the mental is expng The cuent value of the land is $883996. What value should be included in the initial cost of the warehouse project for the use of this land?
The value that should be included in the initial cost of the warehouse project for the use of this land is $1,046,231.
Given information:Purchased a parcel of land six years ago for $629513Invested $257058 in grading the siteLease the land for $53,500 a year.The current value of land is $883996.Calculation:Annual rent paid by Marwa & Co. = $53,500Total rent paid by Marwa & Co.
In 6 years = 6 x 53,500 = $321,000The amount paid to grade the land = $257,058Therefore, total amount paid for the land = 629,513 + 257,058 + 321,000 = $1,207,571The current value of the land is $883,996So, the land cost that will be included in the initial cost of the warehouse project for the use of this land would be: $1,207,571 – $883,996 = $323,575Thus.
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