The cost of goods sold (COGS) using the average-cost method is $90,000.
To calculate the cost of goods sold (COGS) using the average-cost method, we need to determine the average cost per unit and multiply it by the number of units sold.
Average Cost per Unit = (Beginning Inventory Cost + Purchases Cost) / (Beginning Inventory Units + Purchases Units)
= ($40,000 + $110,000) / (3,000 + 7,000)
= $150,000 / 10,000
= $15 per unit
COGS = Average Cost per Unit * Units Sold
= $15 * (Beginning Inventory Units + Purchases Units - Ending Inventory Units)
= $15 * (3,000 + 7,000 - 4,000)
= $15 * 6,000
= $90,000
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Which basis of allocation makes the most sense in this 16-34 Support-department cost allocations; single-department cost pools; direct, step-down, and recipro- cal methods. Sportz, Inc., manufactures athletic shoes and athletic clothing for both amateur and professional athletes. The company has two product lines (clothing and shoes), which are produced in separate manufacturing facilities; however, both manufacturing facilities share the same support services for information technology and human resources. The following shows total costs for each manufacturing facility and for each support department. Total Costs by Department (in thousands) Variable Costs Fixed Costs $ 600 $ 2,000 $2,600 Information technology (IT) Human resources (HR) $400 $1,000 $1,400 Clothing $2,500 $8,000 $10,500 Shoes $3,000 $4,500 $7,500 Total costs $6,500 $15,500 $22,000 The total costs of the support departments (IT and HR) are allocated to the production departments (clothing and shoes) using a single rate based on the following: Information technology: Number of IT labor-hours worked by department Number of employees supported by department Human resources: Data on the bases, by department, are given as follows: Department IT Hours Used Number of Employees 5,040 Clothing 220 Shoes 3,960 88 Information technology 92 Human resources 3,000 1. What are the total costs of the production departments (clothing and shoes) after the support depart- ment costs of information technology and human resources have been allocated using (a) the direct method, (b) the step-down method (allocate information technology first), (c) the step-down method (allocate human resources first), and (d) the reciprocal method? 2. Assume that all of the work of the IT department could be outsourced to an independent company for $97.50 per hour. If Sportz no longer operated its own IT department, 30% of the fixed costs of the IT department could be eliminated. Should Sportz outsource its IT services?
The appropriate basis of allocation for support department costs depends on Sportz, Inc.'s goals. Outsourcing IT services should be carefully evaluated for cost savings.
How is this so?Sportz, Inc. needs to allocate support department costs to production departments using an appropriate basis.
The direct method, step-down methods (allocating IT or HR first), and the reciprocal method can be used.
The total costs of the production departments vary depending on the allocation method. Sportz should consider outsourcing its IT services, as it could save costs and eliminate 30% of fixed IT costs. A thorough evaluation is necessary to make an informed decision.
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Briefly explain what "no barriers to entry" mean for a competitive market
Q2. Out of the 3 conditions below, which one is for finding the profit maximizing quantity, which one is for a firm to be profitable, and which one for a firm to keep operating (not shut down)?
P > ATC
P > AVC
MR = MC
Answer:
........................................................
"No barriers to entry" in a competitive market means that there are no obstacles or restrictions preventing new firms from entering the market and competing with existing firms.
It implies that there are no legal, technological, or economic barriers that hinder new entrants from participating in the market.
The condition "P > ATC" is for a firm to be profitable. In a competitive market, if the price (P) is greater than the average total cost (ATC) of production, the firm is earning a positive profit per unit and is considered profitable.
The condition "P > AVC" is for a firm to cover its variable costs. If the price (P) is greater than the average variable cost (AVC), the firm is able to cover its variable costs per unit of production. However, it may not be making a profit and could still be incurring losses if the price does not cover its fixed costs.
The condition "MR = MC" is for finding the profit-maximizing quantity. In a competitive market, firms aim to maximize their profits by producing at a quantity where marginal revenue (MR) equals marginal cost (MC). This condition ensures that the firm is producing an optimal quantity that maximizes the difference between revenue and cost.
To summarize:
Profitability: P > ATC
Covering variable costs: P > AVC
Profit-maximizing quantity: MR = MC
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Suppose your firm sells its product for $25 per unit, has a variable cost of $10 per unit, and its break-even point is 65 units of output. What is the firm's total fixed cost? a $650 b. $975 c. $1,375 d $1,625
To find the firm's total fixed cost, we need to use the break-even point and the information about the selling price and variable cost.
The break-even point is the point at which total revenue equals total cost, resulting in zero profit. At the break-even point, the total cost consists of both fixed costs and variable costs.
Let's calculate the total cost at the break-even point:
Break-even point = 65 units
Selling price per unit = $25
Variable cost per unit = $10
Total cost at the break-even point = Total fixed cost + (Variable cost per unit * Break-even point)
Since the break-even point occurs when there is zero profit, the total cost is equal to the total variable cost:
Total cost at the break-even point = Total variable cost
Total variable cost = Variable cost per unit * Break-even point
Total variable cost = $10 * 65
Total variable cost = $650
Now, to find the total fixed cost, we subtract the total variable cost from the total cost at the break-even point:
Total fixed cost = Total cost at the break-even point - Total variable cost
Total fixed cost = $650 - $650
Total fixed cost = $0
Therefore, the firm's total fixed cost is $0.
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The following figure shows the results of the ultimatum game played by farmers in Kenya and university students in the US. Students, Emory University (US) (darker shading shows the proportion of offers expected to be rejected) Farmers (Kenya) (darker shading shows the proportion of offers expected to be rejected) Kenyan farmer Responders are expected to reject a 40% offer 4% of the time 45 Half of the Kenyan farmer proposers made an offer of 40% Kenyan farmer Responders are expected to reject a 30% offer 48% of the time 0 10 20 30 40 50 Fraction of the pie offered by the Proposer to the Responder (%) Which of the following statements is incorrect about the ultimatum game? The figure above shows that different groups of people may be subject to social preferences in different ways. O b. The ultimatum game is used to study social preferences. Oc. If all participants are solely self-interested, the responders of the game are predicted to accept 20% or higher percentage of the pie. d. The lab experiment results of the ultimatum game such as the figure above show that participants are not solely self-interested. Share of the Proposers making the offer indicated (%) 30 55
The correct answer is (c) If all participants are solely self-interested, the responders of the game are predicted to accept a 20% or higher percentage of the pie.
One of the statements mentioned below is incorrect about the ultimatum game. The figure above shows that different groups of people may be subject to social preferences in different ways. This statement is accurate, and the others are incorrect about the ultimatum game. The Ultimatum Game is a one-shot laboratory experiment widely used to explore social preferences. The Ultimatum Game is a two-player game in which the first player, the proposer, proposes how to divide a sum of money with the second player, the responder.
The responder decides to accept or reject the proposal, and if they reject, both players get nothing. The lab experiment results of the ultimatum game such as the figure above show that participants are not solely self-interested. If all participants were solely self-interested, the responders of the game would accept a 20% or higher percentage of the pie. The Ultimatum Game is used to study social preferences, and different groups of people may be subject to social preferences in different ways. Therefore, we conclude that the correct answer is (c) If all participants are solely self-interested, the responders of the game are predicted to accept a 20% or higher percentage of the pie.
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PROBLEM 1: Prepare and evaluate financial statements from accounts (22% Marks) A list of accounts for Geewhiz Productions Co. Ltd at November 30, 2019, is shown below, in no particular order or preference. $78,000 Dividends declared Salaries Expense Income tax payable Land $ 14,000 108,000 3,200 Accumulated amortisation 74,000 Cash in Bank 27,000 13,200 Income tax expense 8,100 6,100 Credit Sales Revenue 402,200 Employees Benefits expenses Tax deductions payable Accounts Receivable Cash Sales Revenue 18,600 Inventory on Hand 78,000 33,400 Prepaid Insurance Asset 3,200 Beginning Retained 7,500 Earnings 96,600 Dividends Payable Amortisation expense 53,000 37,200 Accounts payable 184,100 Interest Income Cost of goods sold expense 2,100 13,800 Building 346,000 Insurance expense Share Capital 300,000 Trucks and Equipment 253,400 Office Expense 5,200 46,200 Salaries payable 169,800 Mortgage Payable 9,700 Miscellaneous Expenses Interest expense Bank loan owing 37,900 20,500 Required: i. Using the list, decide which ones are income statement accounts. Estimate net income based on your answer to part 1. (3 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks) iii. Estimate ending retained earnings based on your answer to part 2. iv. Prepare the following financial statements, demonstrating that your answers to parts 2 and 3 are correct: a. Income statement for the year ended November 30, 2019. (312 marks) (2½ marks) b. Statement of retained earnings for the year ended on that date. c. Balance sheet at November 30, 2019. V. Comment briefly on what the financial statements show about the company's year 2019 and financial position at November 30, 2019. (5% marks) performance for the (4 marks)
Based on the given list of accounts, the income statement accounts are as follows:
- Salaries Expense
- Income tax expense
- Credit Sales Revenue
- Cash Sales Revenue
- Income tax payable
- Dividends declared
- Cost of goods sold expense
- Interest Income
- Amortization expense
- Insurance expense
- Miscellaneous Expenses
- Office Expense
To estimate the net income, we need to subtract the total expenses from the total revenue.
Total revenue = Credit Sales Revenue + Cash Sales Revenue + Interest Income = $402,200
Total expenses = Salaries Expense + Income tax expense + Cost of goods sold expense + Amortization expense + Insurance expense + Miscellaneous Expenses + Office Expense = $13,200 + $8,100 + $37,200 + $53,000 + $2,100 + $5,200 = $118,800
Net income = Total revenue - Total expenses = $402,200 - $118,800 = $283,400
iii. To estimate ending retained earnings, we need to consider the beginning retained earnings ($7,500) and add the net income.
Ending retained earnings = Beginning retained earnings + Net income = $7,500 + $283,400 = $290,900
iv. The financial statements are prepared as follows:
a. Income statement for the year ended November 30, 2019:
Income Statement:
Revenue:
Credit Sales Revenue $402,200
Cash Sales Revenue
Total Revenue $402,200
Expenses:
Salaries Expense $13,200
Income tax expense $8,100
Cost of goods sold expense $37,200
Amortization expense $53,000
Insurance expense $2,100
Miscellaneous Expenses $5,200
Office Expense
Total Expenses $118,800
Net Income $283,400
b. Statement of retained earnings for the year ended November 30, 2019:
Statement of Retained Earnings:
Beginning Retained Earnings $7,500
Net Income $283,400
Dividends declared
Ending Retained Earnings $290,900
c. Balance sheet at November 30, 2019:
Balance Sheet:
Assets:
Cash in Bank $27,000
Accounts Receivable
Inventory on Hand $78,000
Prepaid Insurance Asset $3,200
Land $14,000
Accumulated amortization $74,000
Building $346,000
Trucks and Equipment $253,400
Total Assets
Liabilities:
Income tax payable
Dividends Payable
Accounts payable $184,100
Tax deductions payable
Salaries payable $169,800
Mortgage Payable $9,700
Bank loan owing $37,900
Total Liabilities
Equity:
Share Capital $300,000
Retained Earnings $290,900
Total Equity
v. The financial statements show that the company had a net income of $283,400 for the year 2019, resulting in an increase in retained earnings to $290,900. The balance sheet reflects the company's assets, liabilities, and equity position at November 30, 2019. Overall, the company had a profitable year and a positive financial position.
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pol Consider the market for tangelo oranges and suppose the demand function is given by Q=2000-2P, where represents the quantity demanded of tangelo oranges and p represents the price per pound. Suppose the supply function is given by Q=3P. where Q represents the quantity supplied. Find the equilibrium quantity and price of tangelo oranges in the market. d O a. Equilibrium price and quantity are, respectively, P=400, Q = 1200- O b. Equilibrium price and quantity are, respectively, P=500, Q=500. O c. Equilibrium price and quantity are, respectively, P= 1000, Q=300. O d. Equilibrium price and quantity are, respectively, P=425, Q=925 QUESTION 3 Suppose the population's income increases, shifting the demand curve to the right. Now the demand curve for tangelo oranges becomes Q-4000-2P. The supply curve remains the same. Q=3P. The new equilibrium price and quantity in the market are: O a. P=800, Q=2400. O b. p=2200, Q=1100. OCP=500, Q=500. O d. P=100, Q=250. 10 poi
The correct option is (A) P = 800, Q = 2400. The demand and supply functions are given by,Q = 2000 - 2PP = Q/3At equilibrium, Qd = Qs2000 - 2P = Q/32000 - 2P = P/3P = 600, Q = 800.
Suppose the demand curve shifts to Q = 4000 - 2P when income increases, the new equilibrium price and quantity are given by:
Qd = 4000 - 2PQs = Q/3At equilibrium,
Qd = Qs4000 - 2P = P/34000 - 2P = P/3P = 800, Q = 1600
Therefore, the new equilibrium price is 800 and the new equilibrium quantity is 1600. (Option A)
Hence, the correct option is (A) P = 800, Q = 2400.
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The manufacture of paint requires the production of the base, mixing of suitable colors, and packing. Until the 1980s, all these processes were performed in large factories, and paint cans were shipped to stores. Given the uncertainty of demand, though, the paint supply chain had great difficulty matching supply and demand. In the 1990s, paint supply chains were restructured so mixing of colors was done at retail stores after customers placed their orders. The result is that customers are always able to get the color of their choice, whereas total paint inventories across the supply chain have declined. The paint industry provides an excellent example of (Select all correct answers) the value of postponement. the gains from suitably adjusting the push/pull boundary. the cycle view of supply chain processes. the benefits of risk pooling,
The paint industry provides an excellent example of the gains from suitably adjusting the push/pull boundary. and the value of postponement. The supply chain for paint production involves the production of the base, mixing of suitable colors, and packing.
The paint industry provides an excellent example of the gains from suitably adjusting the push/pull boundary. and the value of postponement. The supply chain for paint production involves the production of the base, mixing of suitable colors, and packing. Previously, all these processes were performed in large factories, and paint cans were shipped to stores. However, the uncertainty of demand made it difficult to match supply and demand. During the 1990s, paint supply chains were restructured so that mixing of colors was done at retail stores after customers placed their orders. As a result, customers could always get the color of their choice, whereas total paint inventories across the supply chain declined.
Adjusting the push/pull boundary can help a company gain a competitive advantage by striking a balance between being responsive to demand while still minimizing costs. Push-based systems prioritize production based on forecasts and inventory levels, whereas pull-based systems prioritize production based on actual customer demand.
Postponement refers to the delay of any final product differentiation until the last possible moment. This allows companies to respond more effectively to customer demands and reduces the risk of having unsold inventory.
In conclusion, the paint industry's restructuring demonstrated the value of postponement and the gains from suitably adjusting the push/pull boundary. By adjusting their supply chain processes, paint manufacturers were able to reduce total inventories while still meeting customer demand for a wide range of color options.
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What is the bond's yield to maturity (YTM)? A) 9.26%. B) 10.34%. C) 10.05%. D) 10.55%.
The yield to maturity is also known as the yield to redemption, is the expected internal rate of return of an investment in a bond when the bond is held until maturity. The bond's yield to maturity (YTM) is the rate of return that an investor could gain by holding a bond to maturity.
The bond's yield to maturity (YTM) is a calculation that measures the total yield of a bond from the purchase date until maturity. The formula to calculate the yield to maturity is:
YTM = C + ((F - P) / N) / ((F + P) / 2),
where C = annual coupon payment,
F = face value of the bond,
P = bond price,
and N = number of years until maturity.
The yield to maturity (YTM) is a calculation of the expected internal rate of return of an investment in a bond when the bond is held until maturity. YTM takes into account the price of the bond, its face value, time to maturity, and the coupon rate, which is the annual interest rate that the bond pays. The YTM is essential for investors to know because it provides a measure of the total yield an investor can expect to receive if they hold the bond until maturity. It can also help investors compare different bonds' yields to determine which one would be a better investment. To calculate the bond's YTM, one would need to use the formula:
YTM = C + ((F - P) / N) / ((F + P) / 2), where
C = annual coupon payment,
F = face value of the bond,
P = bond price, and
N = number of years until maturity.
The YTM can be used to determine if the bond is worth purchasing at its current price. If the YTM is higher than the required rate of return, the bond may be a good investment.
The formula to calculate the bond's yield to maturity is: YTM = C + ((F - P) / N) / ((F + P) / 2). The yield to maturity is the expected internal rate of return of an investment in a bond when the bond is held until maturity. The bond's yield to maturity (YTM) is the rate of return that an investor could gain by holding a bond to maturity. The correct answer to the given question is option C, 10.05%.
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Game therory True or False, and Why
(a) Say that we are looking at a two player normal form game which represents a situation in which both players make their choices simultaneously. It is possible for Normal Form Rationalizability and Extensive Form Rationalizability to make different predictions for this game.
(b) A rational agent will not play a weakly dominated strategy.
(c) A Nash equilibrium of the stage game must be played in every period of a SGPNE of a FINITELY repeated game.
(d) The iterated deletion of weakly dominated strategies is an order independent procedure.
(e) In an alternating offers bargaining game, the agent who makes the first offer always gets a larger share of the pie.
(a) True. When we look at a two-player normal form game that shows a situation where both the players make their choice at the same time, it is possible for Normal Form Rationalizability and Extensive Form Rationalizability to make different predictions for this game. Both these rationality concepts may result in different predictions for a given game. The reason for this is that different solution concepts are appropriate in different situations.
(b) True. An agent who is rational will not play a weakly dominated strategy. This is because a weakly dominated strategy will always produce a worse outcome than another strategy that the agent could choose to play.
(c) True. A Nash equilibrium of the stage game must be played in every period of a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium of a finitely repeated game.(d) True. The iterated deletion of weakly dominated strategies is an order-independent process. This is because the order in which the strategies are removed does not have an effect on the result.
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the brain drain migration from a developing economy to an advanced economy due to the cross-country wage gap will benefit the citizens of the developing economy but not the advanced economy. evaluate whether the statement is true, false or uncertain and why?
The given statement is false as it is a misconception that the migration of skilled workers from developing economies to advanced economies is only beneficial to the developing economies. This migration can also benefit advanced economies in certain ways.
Brain Drain refers to the migration of highly skilled and talented people from one country to another for better employment opportunities, higher wages, and a better standard of living. The statement claims that the brain drain migration from a developing economy to an advanced economy due to the cross-country wage gap will benefit the citizens of the developing economy but not the advanced economy. However, this statement is false because it fails to recognize the benefits that advanced economies can derive from the migration of highly skilled workers.Firstly, the migration of highly skilled workers can boost the knowledge economy of the advanced economy. Highly skilled migrants bring with them knowledge and expertise that can help in the development of new technologies, products, and services that can benefit the advanced economy. This can lead to increased productivity, innovation, and competitiveness in the advanced economy.Secondly, the migration of highly skilled workers can also help in filling the skill gaps in the advanced economy. This is particularly important in industries where there is a shortage of skilled workers such as healthcare, engineering, and technology. The presence of skilled migrants can help to address this shortage and ensure that the advanced economy remains competitive.Finally, the migration of highly skilled workers can also help to boost the economy of the developing economy. This is because the remittances that highly skilled migrants send back to their home country can help to stimulate economic growth and development. This can benefit the citizens of the developing economy by providing them with better education, healthcare, and other essential services.
In conclusion, the statement that brain drain migration from a developing economy to an advanced economy due to the cross-country wage gap will benefit the citizens of the developing economy but not the advanced economy is false. The migration of highly skilled workers can benefit both developing and advanced economies by boosting the knowledge economy, filling skill gaps, and stimulating economic growth.
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QUESTION 10 Benet Division of United Refinery Company's operating results include: controllable margin, €200,000; sales €2,200,000; and operating assets, €800,000. The Benet Division's ROI is 25%. Management is considering a project with sales of €100,000, variable expenses of €60,000, fixed costs of £40,000; and an asset investment of €150,000. Should management accept this new project? No, since ROI will be lowered. Yes, since ROI will increase. O Yes, since additional sales always mean more customers. No, since a loss will be incurred. QUESTION 11 The Fulmar Division of Jayne Manufacturing had an ROI of 25% when sales were £3 million and controllable margin was £600,000. What were the average operating assets? £150,000 £750,000 £2,400,000 O £12,000
Answer: No, since ROI will be lowered.
Answer: £2,400,000
Question 10 The controllable margin is a profitability measure that considers only variable expenses of a division or segment. A controllable margin of €200,000 was generated by Benet Division of United Refinery Company, with sales of €2,200,000 and operating assets of €800,000. Benet Division's ROI was 25%.Management of the Benet Division is examining a project with sales of €100,000, variable costs of €60,000, fixed costs of €40,000, and an asset investment of €150,000. The project's ROI is given by the following formula:
ROI = (Controllable Margin ÷ Sales) x (Sales ÷ Average Operating Assets) x 100%
We can write it in terms of controllable margin, ROI, and average operating assets as:
ROI = (Controllable Margin ÷ Average Operating Assets) x 100%
From the given values, we can calculate the average operating assets as:
ROI = (Controllable Margin ÷ Average Operating Assets) x 100%25% = (€200,000 ÷ Average Operating Assets) x 100%
Average Operating Assets = €800,000/25%Average Operating Assets = €3,200,000
New Project: Sales = €100,000Variable expenses = €60,000Fixed expenses = €40,000Asset investment = €150,000
Contribution Margin = Sales - Variable Expenses = €100,000 - €60,000 = €40,000ROI = (Controllable Margin ÷ Sales) x (Sales ÷ Average Operating Assets) x 100%ROI = (€200,000 + €40,000) ÷ (€2,200,000 + €100,000) x (€2,200,000 + €100,000) ÷ €800,000
ROI = 23.93%
The ROI would decrease as a result of the new project, implying that management should decline the new project.
Question 11
ROI = (Controllable Margin ÷ Average Operating Assets) x 100%The given values are:
ROI = 25%
Controllable margin = £600,000Sales = £3,000,000
Average operating assets = ?
We can calculate the average operating assets using the above formula as:
25% = (£600,000 ÷ Average Operating Assets) x 100%
Average Operating Assets = £600,000/25%
Average Operating Assets = £2,400,000
Therefore, the average operating assets are £2,400,000..
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Adam Inc. is a manufacturing firm which designs and manufactures electric switches for use in construction. Below is the expected (budgeted) data for the start of next year: September October November 600 800 740 $20.00 $22.00 $21.00 Sales in units Sales price per unit August 400 $18.00 The desired ending inventory for finished goods (production) is 20% of next month's sales. The desired ending inventory for raw materials is 40% of the next month's raw material requirements. Raw material required for each unit of the product is 5 units. The cost of each unit of raw material is $3 per unit. Time required to assemble one (1) switch is 15 minutes. Workers are paid $20 per direct labour hour. Using the above information answer the following questions. Using the sales budget, calculate the budgeted sales for September. HINT: remember the entry rules! Complete the production budget. How many units will have to be produced in September to meet the requirements? HINT: What are the "Units to be produced" on the production budget for September? Prepare the Direct Materials Purchases Budget. What will be the cost of September's production? HINT: On the Direct Materials Purchases Budget, what will be the "Total direct materials cost"? Prepare the Direct Labour Budget. What will be the total direct labour cost (rounded to the nearest dollar) for September?
a. The budgeted sales for September will be 600 units.
b. The units to be produced in September to meet the requirements are 680 units.
c. The cost of September's production, as per the Direct Materials Purchases Budget, will be $12,240.
d. The total direct labour cost for September, rounded to the nearest dollar, will be $5,600.
a) Based on the given data, the budgeted sales for September is provided as 600 units.
b) To calculate the units to be produced in September, we need to consider the desired ending inventory for finished goods and the budgeted sales for October. The desired ending inventory for finished goods is 20% of October's sales, which is 800 units. Therefore, the total units to be produced in September will be the sum of the budgeted sales for September (600 units) and the desired ending inventory for finished goods in October (800 units x 20% = 160 units), which equals 680 units.
c) To calculate the cost of September's production, we need to consider the units to be produced in September (680 units) and the cost of each unit of raw material ($3 per unit). Multiplying these values together, we get the total direct materials cost, which is 680 units x $3 per unit = $2,040. However, since the cost of raw materials is 40% of the total direct materials cost, we need to divide $2,040 by 40% to get the total cost, which is $12,240.
d) To calculate the total direct labour cost for September, we need to consider the units to be produced in September (680 units) and the time required to assemble one switch (15 minutes). Since workers are paid $20 per direct labour hour, we need to convert the time to hours by dividing 15 minutes by 60 (1 hour = 60 minutes). This gives us 0.25 hours per unit. Multiplying this by the number of units and the labour cost per hour ($20), we get the total direct labour cost, which is 680 units x 0.25 hours per unit x $20 per hour = $5,600.
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paying cash to buy stocks or bonds of another company is an example of
Paying cash to buy stocks or bonds of another company is an example of an investment.
When a person pays cash to purchase stocks or bonds of another firm, it is a type of investment. An investor purchases shares in a corporation with the aim of making a profit from the company's growth. Bonds, on the other hand, are debts that the corporation owes and for which it must repay the investor with interest, and this is frequently done when the bond matures.
The primary distinction between stocks and bonds is that stocks represent ownership in a company, whereas bonds represent debt. Because stocks offer the prospect of higher returns and are considered riskier, they are frequently seen as an investment option. Bonds are frequently used as a means of generating income or as a more dependable long-term investment.
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QUESTION 39 Which of the following is consistent with lowering the lovel of risks associated with supply networks? Increasing digitization Increasing complexity of category strategies Increasing outsourcing Increasing supply chain regionalization I QUESTION 40 Which of these statements is not projected to be a future focus of supply chains? Obtaining more innovation from suppliers Leveraging supplier capabilities O An increased focus on tactical purchasing activities Increased cost management efforts QUESTION 41 When did supply chains start to transition from a vertical orientation to a horizontal orientation? 1970's 1980's O 1990's 2000's
Question 39: The statement "Increasing supply chain regionalization" is consistent with lowering the level of risks associated with supply networks.
By regionalizing the supply chain, organizations can reduce the dependence on long-distance transportation and minimize disruptions caused by global events, such as trade restrictions or geopolitical tensions.
Question 40: The statement "An increased focus on tactical purchasing activities" is not projected to be a future focus of supply chains. In the evolving landscape of supply chain management, there is a shift towards more strategic and collaborative approaches, emphasizing innovation, supplier capabilities, and cost management efforts. Tactical purchasing activities are more transactional and operational in nature, and the focus is moving towards higher-value activities.
Question 41: The transition from a vertical orientation to a horizontal orientation in supply chains occurred in the 1980s. This shift marked a move away from the traditional vertically integrated supply chains, where companies controlled most stages of production, to more collaborative and networked supply chains, involving multiple partners and focusing on core competencies. The advent of technologies and globalization played a significant role in enabling this transition and reshaping supply chain practices.
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find the regression equation for mountain valley using the number of bars as your x-value and the profit as your y-value.
The regression equation helps establish a mathematical relationship between the number of bars and the profit, allowing for prediction and analysis of the impact of changes in the number of bars on Mountain Valley's profitability.
What is the purpose of finding the regression equation for Mountain Valley using the number of bars as the x-value and the profit as the y-value?To find the regression equation for Mountain Valley using the number of bars as the x-value and the profit as the y-value, you would need a dataset that includes the corresponding values for both variables.
The regression equation helps to establish a relationship between the independent variable (x) and the dependent variable (y). The equation takes the form of y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept.
Using statistical software or tools like Excel, you can perform a linear regression analysis on the dataset to determine the values of m and b that best fit the data points.
This analysis calculates the line of best fit that minimizes the differences between the observed y-values and the predicted y-values based on the x-values.
Once you obtain the values of m and b, you can plug them into the regression equation to predict the profit (y) for a given number of bars (x) in Mountain Valley.
The equation will provide a mathematical representation of the relationship between the number of bars and the profit, allowing you to make predictions or analyze the impact of changes in the number of bars on the profitability of Mountain Valley.
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The regression equation for mountain valley is ŷ = -3204 + 1.662x, where x represents the number of bars and ŷ represents the profit.
Explanation:The regression equation for mountain valley can be found using the number of bars as the independent variable, x, and the profit as the dependent variable, y. From the given information, the equation of the line of best fit is ŷ = -3204 + 1.662x. This equation represents the relationship between the number of bars and the profit for mountain valley.
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Two (2) primary methods for conducting international business are:
a. Constraints of foreign ownership and expropriation
b. International direct investment and constraints of foreign ownership.
c. International trade and international direct investment
d. Expropriation and international trade
c. International trade and international direct investment. The two primary methods for conducting international business are international trade and international direct investment.
a. Constraints of foreign ownership and expropriation are factors that can affect international business but are not methods themselves. Foreign ownership constraints refer to limitations imposed by governments on the extent to which foreign entities can own or control local businesses or assets. Expropriation, on the other hand, involves the government seizing or nationalizing foreign-owned assets without compensation.
b. International direct investment is a component of international business, but it is not a method on its own. International direct investment refers to the establishment or acquisition of businesses or assets in foreign countries by companies based in another country. It involves making long-term investments to gain control or significant ownership in foreign ventures.
c. International trade is the exchange of goods and services across international borders. It involves importing and exporting products between countries. International trade allows businesses to access foreign markets and expand their customer base.
Therefore, the correct answer is c. International trade and international direct investment, as these two methods form the foundation of international business activities.
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the trial Martin Technical Institute (MTI), a school owned by Lindsey Martin, provides training to individuals who pay tuition directly to the school. MTI also offers training to groups in off-site locations. Its unadjusted trial balance as of December 31, 2022, is found balance tab. MTI initially records prepaid expenses and unearned revenues in balance sheet accounts. Descriptions of items a through h that require adjusting entries on December 31 follow. a. An analysis of MTI's insurance policies shows that $2,400 of coverage has expired. b. An inventory count shows that teaching supplies costing $3,240 are available at year-end. c. Annual depreciation on the equipment is $5,400. d. Annual depreciation on the professional library is $10,200. e. On November 1, MTI agreed to do a special six-month course (starting immediately) for a client. The contract calls for a monthly fee of $2,600, and the client paid the first five months' fees in advance. When the cash was received, the Unearned Training Fees account was credited. f. On October 15, MTI agreed to teach a four-month class (beginning immediately) for an executive with payment due at the end of the class. At December 31, $3,800 of the tuition has been earned by MTI. g. MTI's two employees are paid weekly. As of the end of the year, two days' salaries have accrued at the rate of $220 per day for each employee. h. The balance in the Prepaid Rent account represents rent for December. Answer is not complete. General Requirement General Journal Trial Balance Income St of Retained Statement Earnings Balance Sheet Impact on income Ledger For each adjustment, indicate the income statement and balance sheet account affected, and the impact on net income. If an adjustment caused net income to decrease, enter the amount as a negative value. Net income before adjustments can be found on the income statement tab. (Hint: Select unadjusted on the drop-down.) Show less A Adjusted Account affecting the: Impact on net income Adjusting entry related to: Balance Sheet Income statement Insurance expense a. Insurance Prepaid insurance (2,400) Teaching supplies (3,240) b. Teaching supplies c. Depreciation - equipment Teaching supplies expense Depreciation expense - Equipment Accumulated depreciation - Equipment (5,400) Depreciation expense - Professional library Training fees earned Accumulated depreciation - Professional library (10,200) Unearned training fees (5,200) Tuition fees earned Accounts receivable 3,800 Salaries expense Salaries payable 880 Rent expense ✓Prepaid rent (3,800)✔ $ Had the adjustments not been prepared, income would have been overstated by < Balance Sheet Impact on income > d. Depreciation - library e. Training fees f. Tuition g. Salaries h. Rent Total impact on income due to adjustments Net income before adjustments Net income after adjustments ✔$ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ (25,560) 66,950 50,360 x 32.94%
The adjustments, income statement, balance sheet, and impact on net income for Martin Technical Institute (MTI) are discussed below: Adjusting Entry Income Statement Account Balance Sheet Account Impact on Net Income Insurance expense a.
Insurance Prepaid insurance ($2,400) Prepaid insurance Supplies ($3,240) b. Supplies Supplies Teaching supplies expense Depreciation - equipment Depreciation expense - Equipment Accumulated depreciation - Equipment ($5,400) Depreciation expense - Professional library Depreciation - library Training fees earned Unearned training fees ($5,200) Tuition fees earned Accounts receivable $3,800 Salaries expense Salaries payable $880 Rent expense Prepaid rent ($3,800) Total impact on income due to adjustments $ (25,560) Net income before adjustments $66,950 Net income after adjustments $50,360The adjusting entry for each account is given as follows:Insurance expense account: For the year ended December 31, 2022, the insurance policy on the property has expired.
The expired insurance coverage amounts to $2,400. So, the adjustment entry should be Insurance expense debit $2,400, and prepaid insurance credit $2,400.Supplies account: At the end of the year, MTI has teaching supplies on hand worth $3,240. So, the adjusting entry would be Supplies debit $3,240, and supplies expenses credit $3,240.Accumulated depreciation-equipment account: The depreciation expense on the equipment for the year is $5,400. So, the adjusting entry would be Depreciation expense-equipment debit $5,400 and accumulated depreciation-equipment credit $5,400.Accumulated depreciation-professional library account.
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According to the Quantity theory of Money, MV=PT, if the Central Bank increases the supply of money dramatically, the main consequence will be: (some versions of the model use Y instead of T) P will increase None of the above V will increase T will increase
According to the Quantity theory of Money, MV=PT, if the Central Bank increases the supply of money dramatically, the main consequence will be that P will increase.
This is because the Quantity theory of Money establishes that the general price level (P) is directly proportional to the amount of money circulating in an economy (M) multiplied by the velocity of money (V) that circulates in the economy and divided by the number of transactions (T) that the economy performs. Precisely,
the Quantity theory of Money can be expressed as MV = PT, where M is the money supply, V is the velocity of money, P is the price level, and T is the volume of transactions. The model suggests that a rise in the money supply can cause the general price level to increase as well. In other words, the more money there is in the economy, the higher the price levels will be.
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No story. Just the mathematical model of consumer choice. Consider a consumer whose preferences are represented by the following utility function (defined over bundles of exes and whys): u(x, y) = 2√x+y. (a) Are the consumer's preferences convex? 1 point (b) Find the consumer's marginal rate of substitution, and show that its absolute value decreases as the consumption of exes increases. 1 point Py, respec- (c) Find the consumer's demand function of exes. In other words, find her optimal con- sumption level of exes when the unit prices of exes and whys are px and tively, and her income is m. 1 point (d) Find the mathematical expression that describes the consumer's Engel curve for exes, and represent it graphically. 1 point (e) Find the mathematical expression that describes the consumer's income-offer curve, and represent it graphically. 1 point (f) Find the mathematical expression that describes the consumer's demand curve for exes, and represent it graphically. 1 point (g) Suppose that the government levies a per-unit tax (t) on exes, so that their new unit price is p = Px + t. Show that the change in the consumer's demand for exes is entirely due to the substitution effect. You are allowed to ignore corner solutions in this part of the exercise.
The consumer's preferences are convex. Convexity of the consumer's preferences means that the consumer prefers a mixture of two goods rather than an extreme amount of one good. For example, a bundle of 2 apples and 3 oranges is preferred to a bundle of 5 apples or a bundle of 5 oranges.
The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) of the consumer is given by the slope of the indifference curve at a particular point. It is the amount of one good that a consumer is willing to give up for an additional unit of another good while keeping the same level of utility. Hence, the MRS of the consumer is given by:$$MRS=\frac{MU_x}{MU_y}$$
The marginal utility of x is given by:$$MU_x = \frac{∂u(x,y)}{∂x} = \frac{1}{√x+y}$$Similarly, the marginal utility of y is given by:$$MU_y = \frac{∂u(x,y)}{∂y} = \frac{1}{√x+y}$$Thus, the MRS is given by:$$MRS=\frac{MU_x}{MU_y} = \frac{√x+y}{√x+y} = 1$$The absolute value of MRS decreases as the consumption of exes increases.
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There is a rush of people who put in additional money into demand deposits at a local community bank. All else remaining equal, which of the following is NOT a corresponding change that could occur to keep the bank's balance sheet in balance? O Increase in reserves and cash equivalents Decrease in stock-holder equity Increase in stock-holder equity Increase in loans given out by the bank
The change that would NOT correspond to keeping the bank's balance sheet in balance when there is a rush of people putting additional money into demand deposits at a local community bank is an increase in stockholder equity.
When individuals deposit additional money into demand deposits at a bank, it increases the bank's liabilities because it owes the depositors their money on demand. To keep the bank's balance sheet in balance, there needs to be a corresponding increase in assets. Let's analyze each option to determine which one does not align with maintaining balance:
Increase in reserves and cash equivalents:
When there is an influx of deposits, the bank can increase its reserves and cash equivalents, such as holding more cash on hand or depositing excess funds with the central bank. This change helps to maintain balance between liabilities and assets.
Decrease in stockholder equity:
A decrease in stockholder equity would not be a corresponding change to keep the balance sheet in balance. Stockholder equity represents the ownership interest of the shareholders in the bank and is part of the bank's capital. It does not directly affect the balance between assets and liabilities.
Increase in stockholder equity:
An increase in stockholder equity would also not be a corresponding change to maintain balance. Since stockholder equity is part of the bank's capital, it does not directly impact the balance between assets and liabilities.
Increase in loans given out by the bank:
When there is an influx of deposits, the bank can use the additional funds to extend more loans. This increases the bank's assets, specifically loans receivable, to maintain balance with the increased liabilities.
Out of the given options, the change that would NOT correspond to keeping the bank's balance sheet in balance when there is a rush of people putting additional money into demand deposits is an increase in stockholder equity. Stockholder equity is not directly linked to maintaining the balance between assets and liabilities. Instead, changes in reserves and cash equivalents, loans given out by the bank, or other asset categories would be more relevant to keep the balance sheet in balance.
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Brookfield Railway Ltd has the following securities outstanding:
Corporate bond: 20,000, 5.0% coupon bonds outstanding, at $1,000 face value, with 15 years to maturity. The bond is currently trading at par value.
Ordinary shares: 1,000,000 ordinary shares selling for $50 per share. The share will pay a dividend of $3 next year. The dividend is expected to growth by 4% per year indefinitely.
Preference shares: 125,000, 6% preference shares (face value of $100) selling at $80 per shares.
Assume tax rate is 30%.
Calculate the WACC for Brookfield Railway Ltd.
WACC = (Wd * Kd) + (We * Ke) + (Wp * Kp) * (1 - Tax rate) . To calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) for Brookfield Railway Ltd, we need to consider the cost of each component of the capital structure and its respective weight.
Given:
Corporate bond:
Face value = $1,000Coupon rate = 5%Years to maturity = 15Currently trading at par valueOrdinary shares:
Number of shares = 1,000,000Share price = $50Dividend next year = $3Dividend growth rate = 4%Preference shares:
Number of shares = 125,000Face value = $100Share price = $80Dividend rate = 6%Tax rate = 30%Calculate the cost of debt (Kd):
Since the corporate bond is trading at par value, the coupon rate represents the yield to maturity (YTM). Therefore, the cost of debt is equal to the coupon rate.
Kd = Coupon rate = 5%
Calculate the cost of equity (Ke):
The cost of equity can be calculated using the Dividend Discount Model (DDM).
Ke = (Dividend / Share price) + Dividend growth rate
Ke = ($3 / $50) + 4%
Calculate the cost of preference shares (Kp):
The cost of preference shares can be calculated as the dividend rate divided by the share price.
Kp = Dividend rate / Share price
Kp = 6% / $80
Calculate the weight of each component:
Weight of debt (Wd) = Market value of debt / Total market value
Since the corporate bond is trading at par value, the market value of debt is equal to the face value.
Weight of debt (Wd) = Face value of debt / (Face value of debt + Market value of equity)
Weight of equity (We) = Market value of equity / Total market value
Market value of equity = Number of shares * Share price
Weight of preference shares (Wp) = Market value of preference shares / Total market value
Market value of preference shares = Number of preference shares * Share price
Total market value = Market value of debt + Market value of equity + Market value of preference shares
Calculate the WACC:
WACC = (Wd * Kd) + (We * Ke) + (Wp * Kp) * (1 - Tax rate)
You can plug in the values into the equations above and perform the calculations to determine the WACC for Brookfield Railway Ltd.
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Ed's construction company has the following short-run cost function: 19³ - 8q2² + 38q. What is the minimum average cost?
The minimum average cost is 16,166.67/q according to Ed's construction company has the following short-run cost function: 19³ - 8q2² + 38q.
Given that, the short-run cost function of Ed's construction company is:19³ - 8q² + 38q, Let's find the Total Cost function from the given short-run cost function. We know that: Average Cost = Total Cost / Quantity (q)Total Cost = 19³ - 8q² + 38q Dividing both numerator and denominator by q, we get, Total Cost = (19³/q) - 8q + 38
Taking the first derivative with respect to q, we get (Total Cost)/dq = -19³/q² - 8 + 38 Equating the above equation to zero, we get-19³/q² + 30 = 0-19³/q² = -30q² = 19³/30 Substituting q² = 19³/30 in the Total Cost function, we get, Total Cost = (19³/q) - 8q + 38Total Cost = (19³ / √(30³) )- 8 (√(19³/30)) + 38On solving this, we get total Cost = 16,166.67Minimum Average cost = Total Cost / Quantity(q) Minimum Average cost = 16,166.67/answer: The minimum average cost is 16,166.67/q.
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Fermoy Ltd, an ASX listed entity, intends to make a public issue of $50m of debentures. Required: Explain the meaning of the term ‘debentures’, and the legal disclosure requirements that apply to the proposed fundraising.
Australian law
Debentures are an investment instrument that enables investors to lend money to a corporation in exchange for a fixed rate of interest.
This allows investors to receive a regular return on their investment in return for providing a corporation with a loan of capital. The term "debenture" is often used interchangeably with "bond" in the United States. It is important to note that debentures are not secured by assets, and investors are reliant on the issuer's creditworthiness to receive their interest payments and repayments of principal.
The disclosure requirements that apply to Fermoy Ltd's proposed fundraising are determined by Australian law.A prospectus must be prepared and distributed to potential investors in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) if the debenture issue is marketed to the public. This prospectus must include the following information:The risks associated with the investment in debentures, The expected yield, The potential tax implications, Any fees that may be deducted from the investment, Any terms and conditions that apply to the debentures, Information about the issuer's financial situation, including its financial statements.
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In Week 2, you reviewed the lecture, ‘Risk/Opportunity Management,’ and discussed this technique from the perspective of using it to identify potential projects to help an organization either avoid risk or exploit an opportunity. This week’s lecture revisited some of those concepts and applied them in a different way.
With those lectures in mind, along with material from the Gido text, identify three things that you think might be a risk to the project you proposed during Week 4. Describe each risk, assess it in terms of impact and likelihood of occurring, and suggest a response for each. (Note: You can recycle this as a part of your Project Management Plan deliverables!)
The proposed project faces technical risks, stakeholder resistance, and budgetary constraints. Mitigation strategies include thorough technical assessment, change management, and effective budget planning and control.
Risk Identification for Proposed Project:
Technical Risk:
Description: The project involves implementing a new software system, which may pose technical challenges such as compatibility issues, system integration problems, or inadequate infrastructure.
Impact: If technical issues arise, they can delay the project timeline, increase costs, and hinder the successful implementation of the new system.
Likelihood: Moderate. While the organization has experience with similar projects, the complexity of the new software system introduces a level of uncertainty.
Response: Conduct a thorough technical assessment before initiating the project to identify potential issues. Allocate sufficient resources for testing and quality assurance. Engage IT experts or consultants to provide guidance and support throughout the implementation process.
Stakeholder Resistance:
Description: The proposed project may face resistance from stakeholders, including employees, who may be resistant to change or fear the impact on their roles or job security.
Impact: Stakeholder resistance can hinder project progress, cause delays, and result in low user adoption rates, limiting the project's overall success.
Likelihood: High. Organizational changes often face resistance, and without proper change management strategies, stakeholders may be reluctant to embrace the project.
Response: Implement a robust change management plan that includes clear communication, stakeholder engagement, and training programs. Address concerns and involve stakeholders in the decision-making process to increase buy-in and reduce resistance.
Budgetary Constraints:
Description: Limited budget allocation for the project may pose challenges in achieving project goals and meeting all requirements.
Impact: Insufficient funding can lead to compromises in quality, reduced scope, or delays in implementation, ultimately affecting project success.
Likelihood: High. Many projects face budget limitations, and it is crucial to manage resources effectively within the allocated budget.
Response: Conduct a comprehensive cost estimation and budget planning exercise at the beginning of the project. Implement strict financial controls and regularly monitor and track expenses. Prioritize project activities to focus on critical deliverables within the available budget. Explore potential cost-saving measures or alternative funding sources if needed.
By identifying and assessing these risks, the project team can proactively plan and implement appropriate responses to mitigate their potential negative impacts. Including these risk assessments and response strategies in the Project Management Plan ensures that the project is well-prepared to address challenges and increases the likelihood of a successful outcome.
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You expect to receive two cash flows: $11,000 paid after 3 years and $22,000 paid after 6 years. The annual interest rate is 8%.
Part 1 What is the present value of the combined cash flows?
The present value of the combined cash flows is $24,712.14.
To calculate the present value, we need to discount each cash flow back to the present using the formula:
PV = CF / (1 + r)^n, where PV is the present value, CF is the cash flow, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of years.
For the first cash flow of $11,000 after 3 years, the present value is calculated as $11,000 / (1 + 0.08)^3 = $9,301.83.
For the second cash flow of $22,000 after 6 years, the present value is calculated as $22,000 / (1 + 0.08)^6 = $15,410.31.
Adding these two present values together gives us a combined present value of $9,301.83 + $15,410.31 = $24,712.14.
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Steps in the Strategic Management Process Strategic management involves managers from all parts of the organization in the formulation and implementation of strategic goals and strategies. Traditionally, strategic planning emphasized a top-down approach with senior executives developing goals and plans for the entire organization. Currently, many senior executives are involving managers throughout the organization in the strategy formation process. All levels of the organization must be involved in idea generation and innovation to remain competitive. It integrates strategic planning and management into a single process. Strategic planning should be an ongoing activity in which all managers are encouraged to focus on both long-term, externally oriented issues as well as short-term tactical and operational issues. Courtney's Cookies, a gourmet cookie company, was founded by Courtney Ashly with the idea of bringing gourmet cookies to the masses at a reasonable price point. The company has been in business for 5 years and is positioned for a change. Its top competitor, Miss Meadow's Cookies, has higher brand recognition and a large share in the cookie market. Courtney has substantial financial resources, which will enable her to have a cookie kiosk on almost every street corner in New York City. She will also be able to purchase her ingredients in bulk, resulting in greater profit margins. Based on these factors, Courtney gets the necessary permits and begins positioning her kiosks on the first 10 street corners and signs purchase orders for supplies to begin baking. She will monitor the customer traffic and sales at each kiosk to determine where to place her next 10 kiosks. The goal of this activity is to explain the strategic management process. This activity is important because it demonstrates that all managers should focus on both long-term, externally-oriented issues as well as short-term tactical and operational issues. Match the fact in the case that corresponds to the stage in the Strategic Management Process. Skilled managersand unreliable suppliers Step of the Strategic Management Process Mission, vision, and goals Kiosks on ten street corners Substantial financial resources External opportunities and threats Internal strengths and weaknesses SWOT analysis and strategy formulation Cookies for the masses Strategy implementation Monitor customertraffic and sales Strategic control Miss Meadow's cookies
The Strategic Management Process involves step 1: Mission, Vision, and Goals Step 2: External Opportunities and Threats Step 3: Internal Strengths and Weaknesses Step 4: SWOT Analysis and Strategy Formulation
The steps include the following:
Step 1: Mission, Vision, and Goals Step 2: External Opportunities and Threats Step 3: Internal Strengths and Weaknesses Step 4: SWOT Analysis and Strategy Formulation Step 5: Strategy Implementation Step 6: Monitor Customer Traffic and Sales Step 7: Strategic Controlling the given case study, Courtney's Cookies, a gourmet cookie company, is in a good position to expand its business in the cookie market.
The company has been in business for 5 years and is positioned for a change. Its top competitor, Miss Meadow's Cookies, has higher brand recognition and a large share in the cookie market. Based on the company's substantial financial resources, Courtney can position kiosks on the first 10 street corners and sign purchase orders for supplies to begin baking. She will monitor the customer traffic and sales at each kiosk to determine where to place her next 10 kiosks.
The following is the matching of the fact in the case that corresponds to the stage in the Strategic Management Process: Skilled managers and unreliable suppliers - Internal strengths and weaknesses Mission, vision, and goals - Step of the Strategic Management Process Kiosks on ten street corners - Strategy implementation Substantial financial resources - External opportunities and threats External opportunities and threats - Step of the Strategic Management Process Internal strengths and weaknesses - SWOT analysis and strategy formulation SWOT analysis and strategy formulation - Step of the Strategic Management Process Cookies for the masses - Mission, vision, and goals Strategy implementation - Step of the Strategic Management Process Monitor customer traffic and sales - Strategic control Miss Meadow's cookies - External opportunities and threats
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19. The inverted yield curve is used to predict recessions.
Explain what an inversion of the yield curve means.
An inversion of the yield curve refers to a situation where short-term interest rates on government bonds become higher than long-term interest rates. It is often seen as a predictor of recessions, signaling concerns about the future economic outlook.
The yield curve represents the relationship between the interest rates and the maturity periods of government bonds. Under normal circumstances, longer-term bonds tend to have higher interest rates compared to shorter-term bonds due to the higher risks associated with longer-term investments. This results in an upward-sloping yield curve.
However, when the yield curve inverts, it means that short-term interest rates surpass long-term interest rates. This inversion typically occurs when investors anticipate economic challenges and uncertainty in the future. It can reflect a pessimistic outlook on economic growth, inflation, and monetary policy.
An inverted yield curve is seen as a potential predictor of recessions because it has been historically observed that recessions often follow such inversions. It suggests that investors have less confidence in the short-term economic outlook and are seeking the relative safety of longer-term bonds. This behavior may be driven by expectations of future interest rate cuts by central banks to stimulate the economy in response to an anticipated slowdown.
The inversion of the yield curve is closely monitored by economists, policymakers, and investors as it can provide valuable insights into market sentiment and economic expectations. However, it is important to note that while an inverted yield curve has often been associated with recessions in the past, it does not guarantee a recession will occur. Other factors and indicators need to be considered to assess the overall health and direction of the economy.
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hulsey outdoor had a return on assets of 15 percent and a return on equity of 15 percent. given this information, the firm:
a.is using its assets as efficiently as possible. b.has no net working capital. c.has a debt-equity ratio of 1.0. d.may have short-term, but not long-term debt. e.has an equity multiplier of 1.0.
Based on the given information, Hulsey Outdoor has a return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) both equal to 15 percent. The firm may have short-term, but not long-term debt.
The return on assets (ROA) measures the profitability of a company's assets, indicating how efficiently it generates profits relative to its total assets. A 15 percent ROA suggests that Hulsey Outdoor is effectively utilizing its assets to generate profits. The return on equity (ROE) measures the return generated on the shareholders' equity investment. With an ROE of 15 percent, Hulsey Outdoor is generating a 15 percent return on the owners' investment.
The given information does not provide details about net working capital, debt-equity ratio, or the equity multiplier. Therefore, we cannot conclusively determine if Hulsey Outdoor has no net working capital or a debt-equity ratio of 1.0. Additionally, the equity multiplier cannot be determined with the provided information. However, since the firm's ROE and ROA are both 15 percent, it suggests that Hulsey Outdoor may have short-term debt that impacts its ROE, but not necessarily long-term debt. Further information would be needed to determine the specific financial structure and ratios of the firm.
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On 1 July 2020, PMP Pty Ltd purchased a new printing machine for $200,000. The company expected the machine to be used for ten (10) years or 10,000 machine hours, with an estimated I. residual value of $20,000 at the end of its useful life. Actual usage of the machine for the first three (3) years was noted as follows: Year 1: 500 hours • Year 2: 800 hours • Year 3: 3000 hours Required: a) Calculate the depreciation expense for the second year using each of the methods below: (3 marks) I. Straight-line II. Units of production III. Reducing balance method at the rate of 20% each year Focus b) Calculate the carrying amount of the machine at the end of year 2, assuming the straight-line method was used. (2 marks) ANSWER b): c) Prepare the journal entry to record the sale of the machine, assuming that the straight-line method was used and the machine was sold at the end of year 2 for $150,000. (2 marks) ANSWER C):
aI) Depreciation expense for the second year = $18,000. II) Depreciation expense for the second year = $14,400. III) b) Carrying amount at the end of year 2 = $164,000
How to calculate the Depreciationsa) Let's calculate the depreciation expense for the second year using each of the given methods:
I. Straight-line method:
The straight-line method allocates an equal amount of depreciation expense over the useful life of the asset.
Depreciation expense per year = (Cost - Residual value) / Useful life
Depreciation expense per year = ($200,000 - $20,000) / 10 years
Depreciation expense per year = $18,000
Depreciation expense for the second year = $18,000
II. Units of production method:
The units of production method allocates depreciation based on the actual usage or production of the asset.
Depreciation expense per hour = (Cost - Residual value) / Total estimated hours
Depreciation expense per hour = ($200,000 - $20,000) / 10,000 hours
Depreciation expense per hour = $18
Depreciation expense for the second year = Depreciation expense per hour * Hours of usage in the second year
Depreciation expense for the second year = $18 * 800 hours
Depreciation expense for the second year = $14,400
III. Reducing balance method at the rate of 20% each year:
The reducing balance method applies a constant depreciation rate to the carrying amount of the asset.
Depreciation expense for the second year = Carrying amount at the beginning of the second year * Depreciation rate
Depreciation rate = 20% = 0.2
Carrying amount at the beginning of the second year = Cost - Depreciation expense for the first year
Carrying amount at the beginning of the second year = $200,000 - $18,000 = $182,000
Depreciation expense for the second year = $182,000 * 0.2
Depreciation expense for the second year = $36,400
b) The carrying amount of the machine at the end of year 2, assuming the straight-line method was used:
Carrying amount at the end of year 2 = Cost - Accumulated depreciation
Accumulated depreciation for the second year = Depreciation expense per year * Number of years
Accumulated depreciation for the second year = $18,000 * 2
Accumulated depreciation for the second year = $36,000
Carrying amount at the end of year 2 = $200,000 - $36,000
Carrying amount at the end of year 2 = $164,000
c) Journal entry to record the sale of the machine, assuming straight-line method and sold for $150,000:
Debit: Accumulated depreciation
Debit: Loss on sale of machine
Debit: Cash (proceeds from the sale)
Credit: Machine (cost of the machine)
Journal entry:
Debit: Accumulated depreciation - $36,000
Debit: Loss on sale of machine - $14,000
Debit: Cash - $150,000
Credit: Machine - $200,000
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Book value versus market value
components.
Compare Trout, Inc. with Salmon Enterprises, using the
balance sheet of Trout and the market data of Salmon for the
weights in the weighted avera
Trout, Inc. and Salmon Enterprises can be compared based on their book value and market value components.
The book value of a company represents the net worth of its assets after deducting liabilities and intangible assets from the total equity. It is calculated using historical cost accounting principles and may not reflect the current market value of the company.
On the other hand, the market value of a company is determined by the current stock price and market sentiment. It represents the perceived value of the company by investors in the open market.
When comparing Trout, Inc. and Salmon Enterprises, the balance sheet of Trout can provide information about its book value. This includes tangible assets such as property, equipment, and inventory, as well as intangible assets like patents or trademarks. By subtracting the liabilities from the total equity, we can determine the book value of Trout.
For Salmon Enterprises, market data such as the stock price and market capitalization can provide insights into its market value. The market value is influenced by factors such as the company's financial performance, growth prospects, and market conditions.
It's important to note that book value and market value can often differ significantly. If Trout, Inc. has been operating for a long time and its assets are recorded at historical cost, the book value may not accurately reflect the current market value. Conversely, Salmon Enterprises' market value may be higher or lower than its book value depending on investor perception.
In conclusion, comparing Trout, Inc. and Salmon Enterprises involves considering the book value based on Trout's balance sheet and the market value based on Salmon's market data. The book value represents the net worth of Trout according to historical cost accounting, while the market value reflects the perceived value of Salmon in the open market. These values may differ due to various factors, including the nature of assets, liabilities, investor sentiment, and market conditions.
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