Managing the social contract requires effective communication, transparency, and provision of public goods and services, and upholding the rule of law and human rights is the answer.
The social contract refers to the unwritten agreement between people and government, where the government agrees to provide public goods and services and people agree to obey laws and pay taxes. Managing the social contract is crucial for maintaining social order, economic stability, and political legitimacy. Among the various ways to manage the social contract, communication and transparency are the most effective ones. The government should communicate its policies, programs, and activities to the public and involve them in the decision-making process. This would help in building trust and confidence in government, and prevent misunderstandings and conflicts.
Similarly, the government should be transparent in its actions and decisions, and be accountable to the public for its performance. It should also ensure that the public's rights and interests are protected and that their grievances are addressed in a timely and efficient manner. Another way to manage the social contract is by providing public goods and services that meet people's needs and aspirations. These could include education, healthcare, housing, transportation, and other basic amenities. By providing these goods and services, the government can improve people's quality of life, enhance their productivity, and promote social inclusion and cohesion. Finally, managing the social contract requires the government to uphold the rule of law, protect human rights, and ensure justice and equity for all. This would help in promoting social justice, reducing inequality, and preventing conflict and violence.
In summary, managing the social contract requires effective communication, transparency, provision of public goods and services, and upholding the rule of law and human rights.
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Bond valuation-Quarterly interest
Calculate the value of a $500-par-value bond paying quarterly interest at an annual coupon interest rate of 13% and having 9 years until maturity if the required return on similar-risk bonds is currently a 12% annual rate paid quarterly.
The present value of the bond is $ ________. (Round to the nearest cent.)
The present value of the bond is $ 546.74. To calculate the present value of the bond, we can use the formula for the present value of a bond:
PV = C * [1 - (1 + r)^(-n)] / r + F / (1 + r)^n
Where:
PV = Present value of the bond
C = Coupon payment per period ($500 * Annual coupon interest rate / Number of coupon payments per year)
r = Required return per period (12% / 4)
n = Number of periods (9 * 4)
Let's plug in the values:
C = $500 * 13% / 4 = $16.25
r = 12% / 4 = 3%
n = 9 * 4 = 36
PV = $16.25 * [1 - (1 + 0.03)^(-36)] / 0.03 + $500 / (1 + 0.03)^36
Calculating this expression gives us the present value of the bond:
PV ≈ $546.74
Therefore, the present value of the bond is approximately $546.74.
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Consider the following categories of products: beer, candy bars, and running shoes
For each category, please do the following:
identify the basic level, superordinate, and subordinate levels in the taxonomic structure
identify prototypes for each category, and explain your choices
identify the specific features and associations consumers likely have with the prototypes
Beer Superordinate level and Alcohol Subordinate level and Pale Ale Basic level and Budweiser Prototype.
Candy bars Superordinate level: Candy Subordinate level: Chocolate Basic level: Snickers Prototype.
Running Shoes Superordinate level: Shoes Subordinate level: Athletic Basic level: Running shoes Prototype
Beer Superordinate level and Alcohol Subordinate level and Pale Ale Basic level and Budweiser Prototype.
A frothy, golden brew in a pint glass with a thick head, served ice-cold. The Budweiser clydesdales trot through the snow while a jingle plays in the background. The slogan "This Bud's for you" appears on the screen. For those who enjoy socializing with their friends, beer is often associated with this image. The image of a person who is carefree, sociable, and perhaps enjoys outdoor activities.
Candy bars Superordinate level: Candy Subordinate level: Chocolate Basic level: Snickers Prototype:
Chocolate, peanuts, and nougat covered in a red wrapper with a blue label. For those who need a quick energy boost or a pick-me-up in the middle of the day, Snickers is a well-known and beloved chocolate bar. Snickers is often associated with sports, especially football and other high-energy events.
Running Shoes Superordinate level: Shoes Subordinate level: Athletic Basic level: Running shoes Prototype:
A pair of lightweight, breathable shoes with a low profile. For athletes and people who are committed to staying in shape, running shoes are a must-have. Running shoes are often associated with health, fitness, and athleticism.
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Answer the following questions regarding the article entitled "From Financial Crash to Debt Crisis" (2011) by Reinhart and Rogoff.
What were the three conclusions obtained from the study? Explain in detail.
The Great Recession, one of the worst economic declines in US history, officially lasted from December 2007 to June 2009. The collapse of the housing market — fueled by low-interest rates, easy credit, insufficient regulation, and toxic subprime mortgages — led to the economic crisis.
The Great Recession was a prolonged, dramatic decrease in economic activity that began in 2007 and affected national economies all around the world. Since the Great Depression of the 1930s, it is regarded as the worst recession ever.
The Great Recession, which lasted from late 2007 to early 2009, was a period of significant general deterioration seen in national economies around the world. From one country to the next, the recession's size and timing were different.
The official duration of the Great Recession, one of the worst economic downturns in US history, was from December 2007 to June 2009.
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A company estimates that warranty expense will be 5% of sales. The company's sales for the current period is $187,000. The current period's entry to record the warranty expense is:
No entry is recorded until the items are returned for warranty repairs.
A.
Warranty Liability 9,350
Cash 9,350
B.
Estimated Warranty Liability 9,350
Estimated Warranty Expense 9,350
C.
Warranty Expense 9,350
Sales 9,350
D.
Warranty Expense 9,350
Estimated Warranty Liability 9,350
The correct answer is D. The journal entry to record the warranty expense is Warranty Expense 9,350 and Estimated Warranty Liability 9,350
This journal entry records the estimated warranty expense for the current period. The estimated warranty expense is calculated by multiplying the estimated warranty expense percentage (5%) by the sales for the current period ($187,000). The estimated warranty liability is a liability account that records the estimated amount of warranty claims that will be incurred in the future.
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Which of the following statement is INCORRECT about the foundational assumption used in CVP analysis. O Behavior of revenue and costs can be graphed as a straight line. O Only selling price and variable cost per unit are known and constant. O The time value of money is ignored. Relative sales proportions of multiple products are known and constant.
The correct option is: "Only selling price and variable cost per unit are known and constant." CVP (Cost-Volume-Profit) analysis is an analytical tool for studying the relationship between costs, volume, and profits. This analysis is based on several underlying assumptions.
In CVP (Cost-Volume-Profit) analysis, it is assumed that the behavior of revenue and costs can be graphed as a straight line within the relevant range. The time value of money is often considered by discounting future cash flows. The relative sales proportions of multiple products are also taken into account to determine the overall contribution margin. However, it is not assumed that the selling price and variable cost per unit are known and constant. In reality, these values can vary based on factors such as market conditions, competition, and changes in input costs.
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Ethical behavior, which is defined by actions that are the "right thing to do, not simply what is required by law," are critical to the healthcare industry. The healthcare industry is fraught with difficult situations that involve ethical dilemmas and it is the responsibility of the human resources (HR) department to ensure employees are knowledgeable concerning legal, ethical, and safety concerns in healthcare. Devise a framework for ethics training that incorporates the theme(s) of a healthcare code of ethics for managed care. The framework must address the following components: discussion of competent medical care, upholding professional standards, respecting the law, respecting the rights of patients and colleagues, maintaining a commitment to medical education, supporting public health activities, regard for patient care as the primary goal, and support for medical care access for all individuals.
Ethical behavior, which is defined by actions that are the "right thing to do, not simply what is required by law," is critical to the healthcare industry.
A framework for ethics training that incorporates the theme(s) of a healthcare code of ethics for managed care can be developed through the following steps:
1. Introduction - The introduction will serve to provide an overview of the course and how it is structured. It should also include information on why ethics is important in healthcare and how it relates to managed care.
2. Competent medical care - This component will involve a discussion of the importance of providing high-quality care to patients. It will cover topics such as evidence-based practice, patient safety, and risk management.
3. Upholding professional standards - This component will involve a discussion of the ethical and professional standards that healthcare workers are expected to uphold. This will include topics such as confidentiality, informed consent, and professional boundaries.
4. Respecting the law - This component will involve a discussion of the legal and regulatory requirements that govern healthcare practice. It will cover topics such as HIPAA, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Affordable Care Act.
5. Respecting the rights of patients and colleagues - This component will involve a discussion of the ethical principles that guide interactions with patients and colleagues. It will cover topics such as respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, and beneficence.
6. Maintaining a commitment to medical education - This component will involve a discussion of the importance of ongoing education and training for healthcare professionals. It will cover topics such as continuing education requirements, professional development, and lifelong learning.
7. Supporting public health activities - This component will involve a discussion of the role of healthcare professionals in promoting public health. It will cover topics such as disease prevention, health promotion, and community engagement.
8. Regard for patient care as the primary goal - This component will involve a discussion of the ethical principles that guide patient care. It will cover topics such as patient-centered care, cultural competency, and communication.
9. Support for medical care access for all individuals - This component will involve a discussion of the ethical and social responsibilities of healthcare professionals. It will cover topics such as access to care, healthcare disparities, and advocacy.
10. The conclusion will serve to summarize the course and reinforce the importance of ethics in healthcare. It should also include information on additional resources and support available to employees who have questions or concerns about ethical issues.
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.A _____ is a voluntary deduction that can provide a variety of benefits to employees.
Answer:
A. cafeteria plan
B. retirement plan
C. medical plan
D. defined contribution plan
A. cafeteria plan
A cafeteria plan is a voluntary deduction that can provide a variety of benefits to employees.
It allows employees to choose from a menu of options and allocate their pre-tax salary toward the benefits they prefer. This can include options such as health insurance, dental insurance, vision coverage, flexible spending accounts (FSAs), and other qualified benefits. By offering a cafeteria plan, employers provide employees with the flexibility to customize their benefits package according to their individual needs and preferences. This can result in tax savings for employees and enhance overall employee satisfaction and well-being.
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a) How does productivity play a role in microeconomics? How can business boost productivity?
b) According t the law of demand, gasoline should be falling in price, how does substitution explain why gas prices are still climbing?
c) Explain which economics are better at explaining overall human behavior, classical or behavioral. Be sure to give an example that proves your answer.
d) Explain the law of demand and the law of supply.
a) Productivity plays a crucial role in microeconomics as it determines the efficiency with which resources are utilized to produce goods and services. Higher productivity allows businesses to produce more output using the same amount of resources or produce the same output using fewer resources. This leads to cost savings, increased profitability, and economic growth.
Businesses can boost productivity through various measures such as investing in technology and equipment, improving production processes, providing training and skill development to employees, and implementing effective management practices.
b) The law of demand states that as the price of a good or service increases, the quantity demanded decreases, all other factors being equal. However, gas prices may still be climbing despite the law of demand due to the concept of substitution. Substitution refers to the idea that consumers can switch to alternative goods or services when the price of a particular good increases. In the case of gasoline, there may not be close substitutes readily available, leading consumers to continue purchasing gasoline even at higher prices. Factors such as limited availability of alternative fuels or lack of viable public transportation options can limit consumers' ability to substitute gasoline with other options, allowing gas prices to continue climbing.
c) Behavioral economics is better at explaining overall human behavior compared to classical economics. Classical economics assumes that individuals are rational decision-makers who always act in their best interests to maximize utility or profit. However, behavioral economics recognizes that humans are influenced by cognitive biases, social factors, and emotions, leading to deviations from rational behavior. For example, the concept of loss aversion in behavioral economics explains how people tend to value avoiding losses more than acquiring equivalent gains. This can be observed in real-world scenarios where individuals may be willing to pay more to avoid losing a particular good or service, even if it doesn't align with strict utility maximization.
d) The law of demand states that as the price of a good or service increases, the quantity demanded decreases, all other factors being equal. This means that there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. On the other hand, the law of supply states that as the price of a good or service increases, the quantity supplied also increases, all other factors being equal. This means that there is a direct relationship between price and quantity supplied. Both laws describe fundamental principles in economics that help explain the behavior of buyers and sellers in the market. They provide insights into how changes in price influence the behavior of consumers (demand) and producers (supply), ultimately shaping market equilibrium and prices.
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.In a simple economy suppose that all income is either compensation of employees or profits. Suppose also that there are no indirect taxes. All data are in billion dollars:
Category Value
Consumption 4,500
Gross Investment 1,200
Depreciation 655
Profits 655
Exports 500
Compensation of Employees 5240
Government Purchases 900
Direct Taxes 750
Saving 546
Imports 550
Find GDP using the (a) expenditure and (b) income approach.
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a nation is the sum of all final goods and services produced in that nation over a specified period.
There are two approaches to calculate GDP: expenditure approach and income approach. Given, Category Value Consumption 4,500Gross Investment 1,200 Depreciation 655Profits 655Exports 500Compensation of Employees 5240Government Purchases 900Direct Taxes 750Saving 546Imports 550(a) Expenditure Approach: GDP = C + I + G + (X - M)where, C = Consumption I = Gross Investment G = Government Purchases X = Exports M = Imports Substituting the given values, we have, GDP = 4,500 + 1,200 + 900 + (500 - 550)GDP = $4,500 + $1,200 + $900 - $50GDP = $7,550 billion(b) Income Approach: GDP = compensation of employees + gross profits + taxes on production and imports + depreciation + net indirect taxes Substituting the given values, we have, GDP = 5,240 + 655 + 0 + 655 + 0 - 750 + 655 + (-655)GDP = $5,000 billion Thus, the main answer is: Using the expenditure approach, GDP is $7,550 billion. Using the income approach, GDP is $5,000 billion.
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1. a. On the radio it says that it will rain Saturday. b. Brochures will be sent to whoever asks for them. c. The west is such a scenic area. d. The incidents of home accidents is far too high. 2. a. The shipment arrived June 6; however, we can begin installation anytime. b. Will they admit any more student at the community college? c. Can their ever be enough trees? d. Half the tables in the cafeteria needs repairs. 3. a. b. This tire is better than any on the road today. The Douglas' car needs repairing. c. You should get a ten % discount. Lay the tape in the cartridge. d. 4. a. The coat cost forty-three $. b. The new stationery is of high-quality paper, which is the reason we are writing you. c. Save your money today so you will be financially safe tomorrow. What is your martial status? d. 5. a. All the members of the committee was present for the special announcement. b. Needless to say, we sincerly regret the delay in shipping your order. c. If it had been possible, I would have attended both meetings. d. Auto manufacters have kept prices down to stimulate sales. 6. a. We recieved many responses to our advertisement. b. We agreed to reprint only 500 copies of our latest brochurs. c. The panel must submit it's report by June 30. d. Grogan & Lamb no longer allows a 2 percent discount for payment within 30 days. 7. a. Which is best, a commission on sales or a straight salary? b. Throughout the industery, apparently, sales have dropped in May. c. Her recommendations were immediately accepted by our manager. d. Ask Hogan to revise this monthly statment for Anderson Hardware. a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d
1. d. The incidents of home accidents is far too high.2. a. The shipment arrived June 6; however, we can begin installation anytime.
3. d.4. d. 5. d. Auto manufacturers have kept prices down to stimulate sales.6. d. Grogan & Lamb no longer allows a 2 percent discount for payment within 30 days.7. b. Throughout the industry, apparently, sales have dropped in May.1. d. Far too many accidents happen at home.2. The cargo arrived on June 6, however installation may start whenever you choose.3. d.4. d. 5. d. To increase sales, automakers have kept prices low.Grogan & Lamb no longer offers a 2% discount for payments made within 30 days. 6.7. b. It appears that sales decreased in May across the board for the sector.
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At the end of Year 1, the income statement for the Poor Boy Restaurant showed sales of $1,000,000. At the end of Year 2, the income statement showed $1,300,000 in sales. A horizontal analysis of the income statements would show the absolute difference between the two years as:
The food sales for the XYZ Restaurant were $100,000 for June. The cost of food consumed totaled $38,000. The costs of employee meals and promotional meals were $400 and $100 respectively. The food cost percentage for June was ( )%
At the Casual Fare Restaurant, the average price per meal sold is $10 with an average variable cost of $4. Fixed costs for July are expected to be $15,000. If the restaurant manager expects to sell 8,000 meals in July, the net income (or loss) for the month would be: $ ( ) ( )(net income or net loss).
The absolute difference in sales between Year 1 and Year 2 for Poor Boy Restaurant is $300,000.
To find the absolute difference in sales between Year 1 and Year 2, we subtract the sales of Year 1 from the sales of Year 2: $1,300,000 - $1,000,000 = $300,000. The food cost percentage is calculated by dividing the cost of food consumed by food sales and multiplying by 100. In this case, the calculation is: ($38,000 / $100,000) * 100 = 38%. To determine the net income (or loss) for Casual Fare Restaurant in July, we need to calculate the total revenue and subtract the total costs. Total revenue is calculated by multiplying the average price per meal by the number of meals sold: $10 * 8,000 = $80,000. Total costs consist of fixed costs and variable costs per meal multiplied by the number of meals sold: $15,000 + ($4 * 8,000) = $47,000. Net income is calculated by subtracting total costs from total revenue: $80,000 - $47,000 = $32,000.
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You are the manager of the company and you need to select from the following projects: (Assume MARR=6%) A B Initial Investment. 1900 2000 Revenue 580 700 Expenses 90 60 Salvage value 500 500 N 5 Show your calculations and explain your decision. Submit your solution.
The reason why we selected project B is that it has a higher NPV and IRR, which means it has a better chance of generating higher profits for the company.
MARR = 6%
A = Initial Investment
B = Revenue
C = Expenses
D = Net
E = Salvage Value
F = Number of years
To determine which project to select, we need to compare the net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR) of both projects.
NPV = FV / (1 + r)^n
Where:
FV = Future Value
r = Discount Rate
n = Number of years
IRR = Σ (D / FV) / n
Where:
D = Cash inflow
FV = Future Value
First, we need to calculate the NPV and IRR of project A:
NPV(A) = 580 / (1 + 0.06)^5 = 1,106.96=0.143
1,106.96IRR(A)=0.143
Next, we need to calculate the NPV and IRR of project B:
NPV(B) = 700 / (1 + 0.06)^5
1,230.17=0.152
1,230.17IRR(B)=0.152
Based on the calculations, we can see that project B has a higher NPV and IRR than project A. Therefore, we should select project B.
The reason why we selected project B is that it has a higher NPV and IRR, which means it has a better chance of generating higher profits for the company. Additionally, the IRR of project B is slightly higher than the discount rate of 6%, indicating that it has a higher potential for growth. Finally, the initial investment of project B (2,000)is higher than project A(1,900), which means that there is a higher potential for revenue generation.
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Using the free cash flow valuation model to price an IPO Personal Finance Problem Assume that you have an opportunity to buy the stock of CoolTech, Inc., an IPO being offered for $4.72 per share. Alth
The free cash flow valuation model is a widely used valuation technique that calculates the present value of the future free cash flows (FCFs) expected to be generated by a business. An initial public offering (IPO) is a type of investment that allows private companies to sell shares of their stock to the public for the first time, raising capital for the company in the process. To price an IPO using the free cash flow valuation model, the following steps must be taken:
Step 1: Estimate Free Cash Flows The first step is to estimate the free cash flows that will be generated by the business over a forecast period. This is typically done by projecting revenue, expenses, capital expenditures, and working capital requirements for a specified period, such as five years. The free cash flow is then calculated as operating cash flow minus capital expenditures and changes in working capital.
Step 2: Determine the Terminal Value The next step is to determine the terminal value of the business. The terminal value represents the present value of the free cash flows beyond the forecast period. It is typically calculated using a multiple of the last year’s free cash flow or using the Gordon Growth Model.
Step 3: Discount Free Cash Flows and Terminal Value The next step is to discount the forecasted free cash flows and the terminal value back to their present values using the appropriate discount rate. The discount rate is typically the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) or the cost of equity.
Step 4: Calculate the Intrinsic Value Finally, the intrinsic value of the business is calculated by summing the present value of the forecasted free cash flows and the terminal value. The intrinsic value per share is then calculated by dividing the intrinsic value by the number of shares outstanding.
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Paolo is evaluating a project with the following cash flows: Year Cash Flow 0 -$4,500 1 2,030 2 2,190 3 1,718 What is the payback period for this project? Should he accept it if the required payback period is 2 years? Multiple Choice 1.16, Yes. 2.84, Yes. 2.16, No.
He should not accept it since the payback period is greater than the required payback period which is 2 years. Therefore, the correct answer is 2.16, No.
Paolo is evaluating a project with the following cash flows: YearCash Flow0-$4,50012,03022,19031,718To determine the payback period for the project, the formula below is used: Payback Period = Initial Investment / Annual Cash FlowsThus, the calculation of the payback period is shown below: YearCash FlowCumulative Cash Flow0-$4,500-$4,50012,030-$2,47022,190$28031,718$1,998 The second year is the year when the cumulative cash flow crosses zero.
So, we can find the payback period by interpolation as follows: Payback Period = Year Before Zero - (Absolute value of Year Before Zero / Cash Flow After Zero)Payback Period = 2 - ($2,470 / $2,190)Payback Period = 2.13 or 2.16 years. He should not accept it since the payback period is greater than the required payback period which is 2 years. Therefore, the correct answer is 2.16, No.
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Using the start year 2003 and the end year 2013 plot the US dollar to euro exchange rate 1.0785, the US dollar to Australian dollar exchange rate 0.5956, and the canadian to US dollar exchange rate 1.5121. Plot the vamue of the 3 currencies in terms of both US dollar to Foreign currency and foreign country to us dollar from january of the start year 2003 to December or end year 2013. on excel please
Here are the steps on how to plot the exchange rates of US dollar to euro, US dollar to Australian dollar, and Canadian dollar to US dollar from January 2003 to December 2013 in Excel:
Open Excel and create a new workbook.In the first sheet, create a table with the following columns:DateUS Dollar to EuroUS Dollar to Australian DollarCanadian Dollar to US DollarIn the "Date" column, enter the dates from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2013.In the "US Dollar to Euro" column, enter the exchange rate of US dollar to euro on the corresponding date. You can get the exchange rate from a reliable source, such as the website of the European Central Bank.In the "US Dollar to Australian Dollar" column, enter the exchange rate of US dollar to Australian dollar on the corresponding date. You can get the exchange rate from a reliable source, such as the website of the Reserve Bank of Australia.In the "Canadian Dollar to US Dollar" column, enter the exchange rate of Canadian dollar to US dollar on the corresponding date. You can get the exchange rate from a reliable source, such as the website of the Bank of Canada.Select the data in the table.Click on the "Insert" tab and select the "Chart" option.In the "Insert Chart" dialog box, select the "Line" chart type and click on the "OK" button.The exchange rates will be plotted on a line chart.You can also plot the exchange rates in terms of foreign country to US dollar by reversing the values in the "US Dollar to Foreign Currency" columns. For example, to plot the exchange rate of euro to US dollar, you would enter the value of 1/1.0785 in the "US Dollar to Euro" column.
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Managerial accounting Under the variable-cost approach,the cost base includes all of the following except
O a.variable selling and administrative costs
O b.variable manufacturing costs
O c.total fixed costs.
O d.All of these answers are included
In the variable-cost approach, the cost base refers to the costs that are considered when calculating the cost per unit or the cost of goods sold. It includes all the costs that vary with the level of production or sales.
The main idea behind this approach is to distinguish between fixed costs and variable costs to better understand the cost behavior and make informed managerial decisions.
Under the variable-cost approach, both variable manufacturing costs and variable selling and administrative costs are included in the cost base.
Variable manufacturing costs are the costs that change proportionately with the level of production, such as direct materials and direct labor. Variable selling and administrative costs are the costs that fluctuate with the volume of sales, such as sales commissions and shipping expenses.
However, total fixed costs are not included in the cost base under the variable-cost approach.
Fixed costs are expenses that do not vary with changes in production or sales levels, such as rent and salaries. These costs are considered separately from the variable costs and are treated as a lump sum that is incurred regardless of the level of activity.
Therefore, the correct answer is (C) Total fixed costs, as they are not included in the cost base under the variable-cost approach
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In the variable-cost approach, the cost base refers to the costs that are considered when calculating the cost per unit or the cost of goods sold. It includes all the costs that vary with the level of production or sales.
The main idea behind this approach is to distinguish between fixed costs and variable costs to better understand the cost behavior and make informed managerial decisions.
Under the variable-cost approach, both variable manufacturing costs and variable selling and administrative costs are included in the cost base.
Variable manufacturing costs are the costs that change proportionately with the level of production, such as direct materials and direct labor. Variable selling and administrative costs are the costs that fluctuate with the volume of sales, such as sales commissions and shipping expenses.
However, total fixed costs are not included in the cost base under the variable-cost approach.
Fixed costs are expenses that do not vary with changes in production or sales levels, such as rent and salaries. These costs are considered separately from the variable costs and are treated as a lump sum that is incurred regardless of the level of activity.
Therefore, the correct answer is (C) Total fixed costs, as they are not included in the cost base under the variable-cost approach
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Imagine yourself in the following scenario:
You prepared your company’s presentation in a power point presentation and stored it on the
hard drive of your new laptop. On your way to your sales meeting, your laptop was handled
roughly by security at the airport. When you arrived at your meeting your laptop was not
able to open up your power point presentation. You made your presentation anyways
without your power point. Unfortunately, your clients were not impressed, and your
company did not get the contract.
STEP THREE:
Using what you have learned about Audience and Purpose, you are to write a one-page
letter to either your boss or the computer company. Think about the subject (scenario/topic),
tone (how you will sound), role (attitude in the letter) audience (boss, Computer Company)
and purpose (what is the purpose or your goal as a result of this letter)? Remember to stay
focused
Answer:
The Audience and Purpose, in a one-page letter to either your boss or the computer company is as follows:
[Your Name]
[Your Position]
[Company Name]
[Company Address]
[City, State, ZIP]
[Date]
[Recipient's Name]
[Recipient's Position]
[Computer Company Name]
[Company Address]
[City, State, ZIP]
Subject: Issue with Power Point Presentation and Impact on Client Contract
Explanation:
Dear [Recipient's Name],
I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to bring to your attention a recent incident involving my laptop and the subsequent impact it had on an important sales meeting. As a loyal customer of [Computer Company Name], I believe it is crucial to share this experience with you.
During my journey to a crucial sales meeting, my laptop, which stored the presentation vital for our business prospects, endured rough handling by security personnel at the airport. Regrettably, upon arriving at the meeting, I discovered that my laptop was unable to open the Power Point presentation. Despite this unforeseen setback, I proceeded to deliver the presentation to the clients to the best of my ability. However, it became apparent that the absence of the Power Point adversely affected their perception of our company, ultimately resulting in the loss of the contract.
As an employee committed to the success of [Company Name], I am deeply concerned about the repercussions of this incident. Our company has always maintained high standards in delivering compelling presentations to clients, and this unfortunate event has cast a negative light on our capabilities.
The purpose of this letter is twofold. Firstly, I kindly request your assistance in resolving the issue with my laptop and recovering the inaccessible Power Point presentation. I believe that swift action from [Computer Company Name] can help rectify this matter and prevent any future occurrences. Secondly, I urge you to consider the significance of this incident and its impact on our company's reputation and growth potential. It is my hope that we can work together to prevent similar situations from happening in the future and reinforce our commitment to delivering exceptional presentations to our clients.
I appreciate your attention to this matter and look forward to a prompt resolution. Should you require any additional information or clarification, please do not hesitate to reach out to me at [Your Contact Information]. Thank you for your understanding and support.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
[Your Position]
[Company Name]
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An important factor affecting price elasticity of supply is OA. proportion of income spent on the product or service. OB. sunk costs. OC. availability of additional inputs. OD. none of the above.
An important factor affecting price elasticity of supply is none of the above.
Price elasticity of supply is the measure of the percentage change in the quantity of goods or services supplied in response to a change in its price. The elasticity of supply is determined by several factors such as the availability of additional inputs, sunk costs, and proportion of income spent on the product or service.
The correct answer is (OD) none of the above.An important factor affecting price elasticity of supply is the availability of raw materials. If the raw materials are scarce or expensive, the price of the end product increases, leading to a decrease in the supply of the product as it becomes less profitable for the supplier to produce.
The proportion of income spent on the product or service does not affect the price elasticity of supply.Sunk costs, which are the costs that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered, may influence a firm's supply decisions, but they do not affect price elasticity of supply.
So, option D is the correct answer.
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Q4
Carpenter Schools, Inc. is authorized to issue 500,000 shares of $2 par common stock. The company issued 106,000 shares at $6 per share. When the market price of common stock was $10 per share, Carpenter declared and distributed a 10% stock dividend. Later, Carpenter declared and paid a $0.10 per share cash dividend. Prepare the journal entries to record these transactions. Explanations are not required.
Journal entries for the given transactions:Date Particulars Debit Credit 1. Issuance of shares Cash a/c Dr. $636,000 Common stock a/c Cr. $212,000 ($2 × 106,000) Paid in capital in excess of par value a/c Cr. $424,000 [$636,000 - $212,000]
2. Declaration of stock dividend Retained earnings a/c Dr. $11,200 ($112,000 × 10%) Common stock dividend distributable a/c Cr. $10,600 ($106,000 × 10%) Paid in capital in excess of par value a/c Cr. $600 ($10,600 - $10,000) 3. Payment of cash dividend Cash a/c Dr. $10,600 ($106,000 × $0.10) Dividend payable a/c Cr. $10,600Explanation:Issuance of shares: The company issued 106,000 shares at $6 per share. Therefore, the total cash received by the company will be 106,000 × $6 = $636,000. Now, the journal entry will be:Cash a/c Dr. $636,000To
Common stock a/c $212,000To Paid in capital in excess of par value a/c $424,000Declaration of stock dividend: The company declared a 10% stock dividend when the market price of the common stock was $10 per share. The number of shares to be issued for the stock dividend will be 106,000 × 10% = 10,600 shares. The market value of the shares at the time of declaration will be 10,600 × $10 = $106,000. Therefore, the journal entry will be:Retained earnings a/c Dr. $11,200To Common stock dividend distributable a/c $10,600To Paid in capital in excess of par value a/c $600Payment of cash dividend: The company declared and paid a $0.10 per share cash divid.
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In accounting for disposal of assets, accumulated depreciation refers to Answers: A Fair value of assets Total depreciation since acquisition of the asset Book value less total depreciation Depreciation expenses in the year of sale
In accounting for the disposal of assets, the term "accumulated depreciation" refers to the book value less the total depreciation.What is the accumulated depreciation The accumulated depreciation is the total amount of depreciation expense that has been charged to the asset since the date of its acquisition.
It represents the carrying amount of the asset that has been allocated to expense over its useful life.How is the accumulated depreciation calculated? The accumulated depreciation is calculated as the total amount of depreciation expense that has been charged to the asset since the date of its acquisition. This is done by subtracting the asset's salvage value from its cost and dividing the resulting amount by its estimated useful life. The result is the amount of depreciation that is charged to the asset each year.
What is the book value?The book value is the value of an asset as shown on the balance sheet of a company. It is calculated as the original cost of the asset minus its accumulated depreciation.What is the significance of accumulated depreciation in accounting?Accumulated depreciation is important in accounting because it allows for the recognition of the decrease in an asset's value over time. It also helps in calculating the amount of depreciation expense that should be recognized in the financial statements of the company.
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Suppose that I dollar equals 90 Japanese Yen. Jamal, a U.S. tourist, travels to Japan and wants to buy something there that costs 900 Yen. How many dollars does it cost?
If 1 U.S. dollar equals 90 Japanese Yen, we can calculate the cost of the item in dollars by dividing the cost in Yen by the exchange rate.
Cost of item in Yen = 900 Yen
Exchange rate: 1 U.S. dollar = 90 Japanese Yen
Cost of item in dollars = Cost of item in Yen / Exchange rate
Cost of item in dollars = 900 Yen / 90 Yen/USD
Cost of item in dollars = 10 USD
Therefore, the item that costs 900 Yen would cost 10 U.S. dollars for Jamal, the U.S. tourist.
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A company is considering purchasing equipment costing $160,000 to expand their business. The equipment is expected to have a useful life of 4 years with no disposal value. The estimated savings in cash operating costs are as follows. Year Amount 1 80,000 2 70,000 3 50,000 4 30,000 The company requires a rate of return of 10% in its capital budgeting decisions. Ignore the impact of income taxes and assume all cash flows occur at the end of the year except for the initial investment. Compute net present value (using the present value table in the textbook), payback period (rounded to two decimal places, discounted payback period (rounded to two decimal places), and accrual accounting rate of return based on the net initial investment (rounded to two decimal places as a percentage). Assume the straight-line depreciation method is applied and use the average annual savings in cash operating costs when computing the numerator for the accrual accounting rate of return.
The calculations for the equipment purchase include a net present value (NPV) of $29,853.71, a payback period of 2.07 years, a discounted payback period of 3.86 years, and an accrual accounting rate of return of 35.94%.
To calculate the net present value (NPV), we need to discount the cash flows at the company's required rate of return of 10%. The present value factors can be obtained from the present value table.
Calculate the present value of cash flows:
Year 1: $80,000 / (1 + 0.10)¹ = $72,727.27
Year 2: $70,000 / (1 + 0.10)² = $57,851.24
Year 3: $50,000 / (1 + 0.10)³ = $37,190.08
Year 4: $30,000 / (1 + 0.10)⁴ = $22,085.12
Calculate the net present value:
NPV = Present value of cash inflows - Initial investment
NPV = $72,727.27 + $57,851.24 + $37,190.08 + $22,085.12 - $160,000
NPV = $29,853.71
To determine the payback period, we add up the cash flows until the cumulative amount exceeds the initial investment:
Payback period = Year before cumulative cash flow exceeds the initial investment + (Remaining amount / Cash flow in the following year)
Payback period = 2 + ($32,085.12 / $30,000)
Payback period ≈ 2.07 years
The discounted payback period is calculated similarly, but we use the discounted cash flows:
Discounted payback period = Year before cumulative discounted cash flow exceeds the initial investment + (Remaining amount / Discounted cash flow in the following year)
Discounted payback period = 3 + ($32,085.12 / $37,190.08)
Discounted payback period ≈ 3.86 years
The accrual accounting rate of return is calculated by dividing the average annual savings in cash operating costs by the net initial investment and expressing it as a percentage:
Average annual savings = ($80,000 + $70,000 + $50,000 + $30,000) / 4 = $57,500
Accrual accounting rate of return = (Average annual savings / Net initial investment) × 100
Accrual accounting rate of return = ($57,500 / $160,000) × 100
Accrual accounting rate of return ≈ 35.94%
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10. An airport has three rental car companies that rent a particular type of car. Company I offers a $23.50 daily rate with unlimited mileage (that is, there is no additional charge, regardless of how
The equation of the total cost (C) for each company in terms of x are:C(x) = 23.50 for Company I, C(x) = 22.50 + 0.20x for Company II, and C(x) = 19.50 + 0.25x for Company III.
Company I offers a $23.50 daily rate with unlimited mileage (that is, there is no additional charge, regardless of how much the car is driven). Company II offers a daily rate of $22.50 and $.20 per mile. Company III offers a daily rate of $19.50 and $.25 per mile. Let x represent the number of miles driven in a day.
To find the equation of the total cost for each company in terms of x, we can use the formula:C = cost of rental + cost of mileage
For company I, the daily rate is $23.50 and there is no additional charge for mileage, so the equation for company I is:C(x) = 23.50
For company II, the daily rate is $22.50 and the additional charge for mileage is $0.20 per mile, so the equation for company II is:C(x) = 22.50 + 0.20x
For company III, the daily rate is $19.50 and the additional charge for mileage is $0.25 per mile, so the equation for company III is:C(x) = 19.50 + 0.25x
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.On October 1, 2020, Eastern Timber Inc. has available for issue $925,000 bonds due in four years. Interest at the rate of 6.00% is to be paid quarterly. Calculate the issue price if the market interest rate is: (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round the final answers to the nearest whole dollar.)
Issue Price
a. 7%
b. 6%
c. 5%
a. The issue price at a market interest rate of 7% is $762,980.
b. The issue price at a market interest rate of 6% is $780,249.
c. The issue price at a market interest rate of 5% is $824,072.
To calculate the issue price of the bonds, we can use the present value formula for a bond:
Issue Price = (Coupon Payment x PVIFA) + (Face Value x PVIF)
Where:
Coupon Payment = (Face Value x Coupon Rate) / Number of Coupon Payments per Year
PVIFA = Present Value Interest Factor of an Annuity
PVIF = Present Value Interest Factor
Given:
Face Value = $925,000
Coupon Rate = 6% (0.06)
Number of Coupon Payments per Year = 4
a. Market Interest Rate = 7%
Coupon Payment = ($925,000 x 0.06) / 4 = $13,875
PVIFA = (1 - (1 + 0.07/4)^(-4*4)) / (0.07/4) = 3.4641
PVIF = 1 / (1 + 0.07/4)^(4*4) = 0.7350
Issue Price = ($13,875 x 3.4641) + ($925,000 x 0.7350) = $83,855 + $679,125 = $762,980
b. Market Interest Rate = 6%
Coupon Payment = ($925,000 x 0.06) / 4 = $13,875
PVIFA = (1 - (1 + 0.06/4)^(-4*4)) / (0.06/4) = 3.5293
PVIF = 1 / (1 + 0.06/4)^(4*4) = 0.7921
Issue Price = ($13,875 x 3.5293) + ($925,000 x 0.7921) = $48,997 + $731,252 = $780,249
c. Market Interest Rate = 5%
Coupon Payment = ($925,000 x 0.06) / 4 = $13,875
PVIFA = (1 - (1 + 0.05/4)^(-4*4)) / (0.05/4) = 3.5850
PVIF = 1 / (1 + 0.05/4)^(4*4) = 0.8385
Issue Price = ($13,875 x 3.5850) + ($925,000 x 0.8385) = $49,734 + $774,338 = $824,072
Therefore:
a. The issue price at a market interest rate of 7% is $762,980.
b. The issue price at a market interest rate of 6% is $780,249.
c. The issue price at a market interest rate of 5% is $824,072.
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Which of the following is true about the Monetary Control Act of 1980? 30 Mutiple Choice unions, mutual savings banks, and nonmember banks under regulatory institutlions other than the Fed It reduced the dissinction between different types of depository institutions t further restricted the Federal Reservescontral of e kine tdereguilated the banking
The correct answer is, "It reduced the distinction between different types of depository institutions."The Monetary Control Act of 1980 is an important banking legislation that was enacted by the US Congress in 1980.
It was passed to enhance the transparency of monetary policy, specifically by reducing the distinctions between various depository institutions and expanding the authority of the Federal Reserve over monetary policies.Among its notable provisions, the act reduced the distinction between different types of depository institutions. It mandated that all depository institutions, including mutual savings banks, nonmember banks, and credit unions, be subject to regulatory institutions other than the Federal Reserve. This provision ensured that all depository institutions received equal regulatory treatment and facilitated the implementation of monetary policy across all depository institutions.The Monetary Control Act of 1980 also provided for the further restriction of the Federal Reserve's control of the money supply and deregulation of banking. It expanded the Federal Reserve's authority over monetary policies, allowing it to manage the money supply more effectively. The act also deregulated the banking industry, thereby increasing competition and making it easier for banks to merge with one another.
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In a multiple regression model that satisfies the Gauss-Markov assumptions, our estimate for coefficient on 1 will be less precise when:
a. there is less variation in
b. All of the other statements hold.
c. we have a sample size of 1000 observations, as opposed to a sample of 50 observations.
d. there is a low correlation between x₁ and the other independent variables in the model.
The correct option is option (a) . The estimate for the coefficient on 1 will be less precise when there is less variation in x₁.
When there is less variation in the independent variable x₁, it means that the values of x₁ are more similar or concentrated around a specific value. In such cases, the relationship between x₁ and the dependent variable becomes less pronounced, making it more challenging to estimate the coefficient accurately. T
he Gauss-Markov assumptions assume that there is sufficient variability in the independent variables to capture the relationship with the dependent variable. When there is less variation in x₁, the model's ability to discern the true effect of x₁ on the dependent variable is hindered, resulting in a less precise estimate for the coefficient.
Therefore, the estimate for the coefficient on 1 will be less precise in this scenario.
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Explain the differences between a sales forecast and an operating budget.
The sales forecast and operating budget is both important tools for financial planning. While the sales forecast is used to predict revenue, the operating budget is used to manage expenses.
Sales forecasts and operating budgets are two financial planning tools used by businesses. Both are essential to the success of the company. However, there are differences between the two. A sales forecast is an estimate of future sales within a given period. The sales forecast helps businesses to anticipate future demand and to plan accordingly. A sales forecast is an estimate of revenue. It also determines the number of products the company needs to sell to achieve the desired profit. An operating budget is a detailed plan that outlines how a company will spend its financial resources. The budget includes operating expenses such as rent, salaries, and utilities. The operating budget is used to determine whether a company can meet its financial obligations, how much money it needs to borrow, and how much money it has available to invest in new projects.
The main differences between a sales forecast and an operating budget are: A sales forecast is an estimate of future sales while an operating budget is a plan for managing expensesSales forecast focuses on sales, while the operating budget focuses on expenses. The sales forecast is prepared before the operating budget. The sales forecast is based on estimates while the operating budget is based on real dataSales forecast is used for strategic planning while the operating budget is used for day-to-day decision making. The sales forecast is used to predict sales volume and revenue, while the operating budget is used to determine the allocation of funds to different departments. Overall, the sales forecast and operating budget are both important tools for financial planning. While the sales forecast is used to predict revenue, the operating budget is used to manage expenses.
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QUESTION 19 Ronaldo is about to move to San Francisco and has a huge garage sale in advance. The implied warranty of merchantability applies to every sale Ronaldo makes Thue False
An implied warranty is a promise by the seller that the goods offered for sale are of reasonable quality for the purpose intended. The answer to the given question is "False".
There are two kinds of implied warranties: merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The implied warranty of merchantability is a promise that the goods sold are suitable for the purpose for which they are intended. The goods must be of average quality and fit for use by an ordinary person. Ronaldo's garage sale is a simple sale and the rules governing a seller's implied warranty of merchantability apply. However, because the items are being sold at a garage sale, it is likely that the buyer will get the item "as is." As a result, Ronaldo will not be responsible for any deficiencies or concerns with the items after they have been sold. The statement "The implied warranty of merchantability applies to every sale Ronaldo makes" is False because this warranty only applies when the seller is in the business of selling goods and not in a garage sale.
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Mr Bo, a manager at Mamu Papi earns RM10,000 salary per month. He has been working in the same company for the past 20 years. As an appreciation to his long service, he is provided with the following benefits: • An unfurnished condo at 1 Persiaran Gurney. The rental of RM4,000 a per month is paid by the employer. The employer's portion of the Employee's Provident Fund, 12% of his monthly salary A new Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV) costing RM150,000 was given to him since 2018. Since this car is a hybrid, the company does not provide him with any petrol allowances. A gardener who is paid RM400 per month. A half day maid who is paid RM500 per month. • The company paid for RM10,000 worth of airfare for Mr Bo and his family to go for a holiday in Singapore in January 2021. RM2,000 medical and dental benefits
Mr Bo, as a long-serving employee at Mamu Papi, enjoys several benefits as an appreciation for his service.
These benefits include: Accommodation: Mr Bo is provided with an unfurnished condo at 1 Persiaran Gurney, and the rental cost of RM4,000 per month is fully paid by the employer.
Employee's Provident Fund (EPF): The employer contributes 12% of Mr Bo's monthly salary towards his EPF, which is a retirement savings scheme in Malaysia.
Company Vehicle: Since 2018, Mr Bo has been given a new Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV) worth RM150,000. As the car is a hybrid, the company does not provide him with any petrol allowances.
Domestic Help: Mr Bo is provided with a gardener who is paid RM400 per month and a half-day maid who is paid RM500 per month to assist with household tasks.
Holiday Expenses: In January 2021, the company paid for RM10,000 worth of airfare for Mr Bo and his family to enjoy a holiday in Singapore.
Medical and Dental Benefits: Mr Bo receives RM2,000 worth of medical and dental benefits to cover his healthcare expenses.
These benefits are provided by the company as a token of appreciation for Mr Bo's long service and contribute to his overall compensation package.
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Current Attempt in Progress Wildhorse Corporation had the following activities in 2020 1. 4 Collection of note receivable $96,000 2. Payment of accounts payable $833,000 Issuance of common stock $234,000 Payment of dividends $330,000 5. Issuance of bonds payable $548,000 Purchase of treasury stock $44.000 3 6. Compute the amount Wildhorse should report as net cash provided (used) by financing activities in its 2020 statement of cash flows. (Show amounts that decrease cash flow with either a-signes -15,000 or in parenthesis eg (15,000) Net cash by financing activities $
There are six activities listed in the problem and we have to compute the amount Wildhorse should report as net cash provided (used) by financing activities in its 2020 statement of cash flows:
Payment of accounts payable $833,000Issuance of common stock $234,000Payment of dividends $330,000Issuance of bonds payable $548,000Purchase of treasury stock $44.000Collection of note receivable $96,000Financing activities mainly involve debt and equity financing. Payment of dividends and purchase of treasury stock are considered as the reduction of equity.
Issuance of common stock and issuance of bonds payable are considered as the increase of equity and liabilities respectively. Net cash by financing activities = [Payment of accounts payable] + [Issuance of common stock] + [Payment of dividends] + [Issuance of bonds payable] + [Purchase of treasury stock](Net cash by financing activities) = (833,000) + 234,000 – 330,000 + 548,000 – 44,000(Net cash by financing activities) = $ 275,000
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