Milestones are important to management because they serve as significant markers of progress and achievement within a project or organizational timeline. They provide a clear and measurable way to track the advancement of work and ensure that key objectives are being met.
Milestones help management in several ways. Firstly, they provide a sense of direction and focus by breaking down larger goals into smaller, manageable tasks. This allows managers to track progress, make necessary adjustments, and keep the project on track. Secondly, milestones act as communication tools, enabling managers to share updates and successes with stakeholders, team members, and clients. They help build accountability and transparency, ensuring everyone is aligned and aware of project milestones and deadlines. Lastly, milestones provide a sense of accomplishment and motivation, boosting team morale and encouraging continued progress towards the ultimate project goal.
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Over the entire six years' students attending the Grant Line Elementary School in New Albany, are absent, on average, 28 days due to influenza. Assume that the standard deviation over this time period is 9 days. Upon graduation from the elementary school, a random sample of 36 students is taken and asked how many days of school they missed due to influenza. [You have to show complete work (including illustration of problem on a standard normal curve, formula and calculation) to get full credit]. 1. What is the expected value of sampling distribution of mean and standard deviation for sampling distribution/standard error of the number of school days missed due to influenza? 2. What is the probability that the number of school days missed due to influenza is more than 32 days? 3. What is the probability that the number of school days missed due to influenza is less than 25 or greater than 30 days?
The expected value of the sampling distribution of the mean (μ) is equal to the population mean (μ), which is given as 28 days.
The standard deviation of the sampling distribution (standard error, σ) is calculated using the formula:
σ = σ / sqrt(n)
where σ is the population standard deviation (given as 9 days) and n is the sample size (given as 36 students).
Plugging in the values:
σ = 9 / sqrt(36)
σ = 9 / 6
σ = 1.5 days
Therefore, the expected value of the sampling distribution of the mean is 28 days, and the standard deviation (standard error) of the sampling distribution is 1.5 days.
The probability that the Number of School Days Missed is More than 32 days:
To calculate this probability, we need to standardize the value of 32 using the sampling distribution.
Z = (X - μ) / σ
where X is the value we want to calculate the probability for, μ is the population mean (28 days), and σ is the population standard deviation (9 days).
Z = (32 - 28) / 9
Z = 4 / 9
Z ≈ 0.444
Using a standard normal distribution table or calculator, we can find the probability associated with Z > 0.444. Let's assume the probability is P(Z > 0.444) = 0.33.
Therefore, the probability that the number of school days missed due to influenza is more than 32 days is approximately 0.33.
The probability that the Number of School Days Missed is Less than 25 or Greater than 30 days:
To calculate this probability, we need to find the individual probabilities of the two events (less than 25 days and greater than 30 days) and then add them together.
First, let's calculate the Z-score for each event:
Z1 = (25 - 28) / 9
Z1 = -3 / 9
Z1 ≈ -0.333
Z2 = (30 - 28) / 9
Z2 = 2 / 9
Z2 ≈ 0.222
Using a standard normal distribution table or calculator, we can find the probabilities associated with Z < -0.333 and Z > 0.222. Let's assume the probabilities are P(Z < -0.333) = 0.369 and P(Z > 0.222) = 0.411.
Now, we can calculate the total probability:
P(Z < -0.333 or Z > 0.222) = P(Z < -0.333) + P(Z > 0.222)
P(Z < -0.333 or Z > 0.222) = 0.369 + 0.411
P(Z < -0.333 or Z > 0.222) ≈ 0.780
Therefore, the probability that the number of school days missed due to influenza is less than 25 or greater than 30 days is approximately 0.780.
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why
does aggregate demand curve slopes downward? explain all possiable
reasons
the aggregate demand curve slopes downward because as the price level increases, the level of demand in the economy decreases.
Aggregate demand (AD) is the sum of all demand for all goods and services produced within an economy. The AD curve slopes downward due to a variety of reasons, and it is explained in the following paragraphs:Reasons for the downward slope of the aggregate demand curve:1. Wealth EffectWhen the price level rises, the buying power of people declines, reducing their real wealth, resulting in a fall in their purchasing power. Therefore, consumers spend less on goods and services, which reduces the level of demand in the economy.2. Interest Rate EffectWhen the price level rises, the demand for money also rises, resulting in higher interest rates. Higher interest rates increase the cost of borrowing, reducing consumer demand and thus reducing the AD level.3. International Trade EffectWhen domestic prices rise, the country's goods and services become more expensive than foreign goods and services. This makes exports more expensive and imports cheaper. Thus, the level of imports increases, while the level of exports decreases. This ultimately reduces the overall level of demand in the economy.4. Consumption EffectA decline in the general price level boosts consumption, whereas a rise in the general price level depresses it. When the general price level rises, households and businesses spend less on goods and services. When the general price level falls, consumers and businesses spend more on goods and services.
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Explain the Equity theory and the Expectancy theory with examples? answer in no less than 1OO words.
Equity theory and Expectancy theory are two key concepts that can be utilized in workplace situations to motivate workers.
Equity theory is an approach to motivation that recognizes that people are constantly assessing the rewards and costs of their current work situations compared to what they feel they should be receiving based on their own contributions. People feel equity when their inputs, such as time, energy, knowledge, and skills, are equated with their outputs, such as pay, benefits, and status. In this scenario, the worker believes that they are receiving a reasonable reward for their effort.For instance, suppose a new employee is hired for the same position as an existing employee but receives a more favorable work arrangement than the existing employee, such as a higher salary, better health benefits, or more flexibility. In this situation, the existing employee may become disillusioned and feel unappreciated. Therefore, the Equity theory proposes that rewards and benefits must be allocated based on the worker's contribution to the organization, and workers must feel that their efforts are valued and appreciated.Expectancy theory, on the other hand, argues that workers are motivated by their belief that their efforts will result in desired outcomes. Employees are more likely to be motivated when they believe that they can achieve their desired outcomes, such as promotions, raises, or other benefits, by putting in more effort and achieving their objectives. In contrast, workers are less likely to be motivated when they do not see any connection between their effort and the results, or when the expected outcomes do not meet their desires. In this theory, workers are motivated to act based on their beliefs that their actions will result in specific results.
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Kingdom Corporation has the following. - Preferred stock, 510 par value, 8%, 50,000 shares issued 1000,000 Common stock, $15 par value, 300,000 shares issued and outstanding $4.500.000 In 2020, The company declared and paid $30,000 of cash dividends In 2021. The company declared and paid $150,000 of cash dividend Required: How much is the TOTAL cash dividends that will be distributed to prefered and common stockholders over the two years
The total cash dividends that will be distributed to preferred and common stockholders over the two years is $1,630,000. Here is the calculation:
Preferred stock
Dividend per share = 510 * 8% = 40
Total dividend in 2020 = 50,000 * 40 = 2,000,000
Total dividend in 2021 = 50,000 * 40 = 2,000,000
Total dividend for preferred stock = 4,000,000
Common stock
Dividend per share = 15 * 8% = 1.2
Total dividend in 2020 = 300,000 * 1.2 = 360,000
Total dividend in 2021 = 300,000 * 1.2 = 360,000
Total dividend for common stock = 720,000
Total dividend
Preferred stock = 4,000,000
Common stock = 720,000
Total = 4,720,000
Therefore, the total cash dividends that will be distributed to preferred and common stockholders over the two years is $4,720,000.
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the ability to influence the outcome of the projects diminishes with time.
"The ability to influence the outcome of the projects diminishes with time" is that it's valid. The ability to influence the outcome of projects diminishes with time, emphasizing the importance of effective project communication management." Effective project communication management plays a vital role in mitigating the diminishing influence over time.
Explanation: In the world of project management, time is a significant factor that influences the success of the project. The longer you wait to begin a project, the more challenging it becomes to influence its outcome positively. The project manager's ability to control the course of a project reduces as time passes and the project progresses because more tasks are completed, and the project's outcome is fixed. For instance, imagine a project that was set to finish in four months and has been ongoing for two months.
The project manager has the power to influence the project's direction and potentially affect the project outcome because many activities are yet to be completed and many decisions are yet to be made. But as the project progresses, some activities become more challenging, critical decisions become more infrequent, and some tasks become too late to change. Therefore, the manager's ability to change the outcome of the project decreases, which means that the manager must be cautious about the project's progress and make necessary changes before the project progresses too far.
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Landis Co. purchased €500,000 of 8%, 5-year bonds from Ritter, Inc. on January 1, 2018, with interest payable on July 1 and January 1. The bonds sold for €520,790 at an effective interest rate of 7%. Using the effective-interest method, Landis Co. decreased the non-trading Debt Investments account for the Ritter, Inc, bonds on July 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018 by the amortized premiums of €1,770 and €1,830, respectively. At December 31, 2018, the fair value of the Ritter, Inc. bonds was €530,000. What should Landis Co, report as other comprehensive income and as a separate component of equity? a. €12,810. b. No entry should be made. b. c. €9,210. d. €3,600.
To determine the amount to be reported as other comprehensive income and as a separate component of equity, we need to calculate the unrealized gain or loss on the Ritter, Inc. bonds.
The fair value of the bonds at December 31, 2018, is €530,000, which is higher than the carrying value of €520,790. Therefore, there is an unrealized gain on the bonds.
The unrealized gain can be calculated as the difference between the fair value and the carrying value of the bonds:
Unrealized gain = Fair value - Carrying value
= €530,000 - €520,790
= €9,210
The amount of €9,210 represents the unrealized gain on the Ritter, Inc. bonds. This amount should be reported as other comprehensive income and as a separate component of equity.
Therefore, the correct answer is option c. €9,210.
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On Monday the 1" of November 2004 the dollar/euro exchange rate was 1.2748 and the dollar/euro 12 months forward exchange rate was 1.2717. a. Calculate the annual forward premium of the euro and the dollar. b. Explain whether the forward premium indicates that investors expect the curo to appreciate or depreciate in the future. c. If you expect that the euro will appreciate in the future, should you buy or sell a forward euro contract?
(A) the dollar has a forward premium of 2.86 percent (B) The forward premium shows whether investors expect the euro to appreciate or depreciate in the future. (C) If you expect the euro to appreciate in the future, you should purchase a forward euro contract.
a. Annual forward premium of the euro and the dollar:To calculate the annual forward premium of the euro and the dollar, the formula is as follows:
Forward premium = Forward rate – Spot rate / Spot rate × 12 monthsWe know that the spot rate is 1.2748 and the forward rate is 1.2717 after 12 months, so let's put these values into the formula:Forward premium of the euro = (1.2717 – 1.2748) / 1.2748 × 12
months = -0.0289 or -2.89%
As a result, the euro has a forward premium of -2.89 percent. Similarly, let's calculate the dollar's forward premium:
Forward premium of the dollar = (1 / 1.2717 – 1 / 1.2748) / (1 / 1.2748) × 12 months = 0.0286 or 2.86%
Therefore, the dollar has a forward premium of 2.86 percent
.b. Explanation of whether the forward premium indicates that investors expect the euro to appreciate or depreciate in the future:The forward premium shows whether investors expect the euro to appreciate or depreciate in the future. If the forward premium is positive, it indicates that investors expect the currency to appreciate, whereas if it is negative, it indicates that investors expect the currency to depreciate.In this case, the euro has a negative forward premium, which implies that investors expect it to depreciate in the future
.c. If you expect that the euro will appreciate in the future, should you buy or sell a forward euro contract?If you expect the euro to appreciate in the future, you should purchase a forward euro contract. This is due to the fact that a forward contract is an agreement to exchange a currency at a fixed rate in the future, which can assist you to lock in a favorable exchange rate and avoid losses caused by a decline in the currency's value in the future.
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Analysis of local, regional and international competitors
for: Qatar Airways and Singapore Airlines
500-600 words
Qatar Airways is an airline company that operates from its hub at the Hamad International Airport in Doha, Qatar. Qatar Airways is the national flag carrier of Qatar and is among the fastest-growing airlines globally. Singapore Airlines, on the other hand, is the national flag carrier of Singapore and operates from its hub at the Changi Airport in Singapore. Singapore Airlines is one of the most well-known airlines globally, and it is popular for its exceptional services.
This paper will analyze the local, regional and international competitors for Qatar Airways and Singapore Airlines.Locally, Qatar Airways faces competition from several airlines that operate in the region. The local competitors include Emirates, Etihad Airways, Gulf Air, and Saudia Airlines. Emirates is an airline based in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and operates from its hub at the Dubai International Airport. Emirates is a significant competitor for Qatar Airways as the two airlines operate from the same region. Etihad Airways is another airline based in the UAE, and it is a significant competitor for Qatar Airways. Gulf Air is a Bahrain-based airline that operates from its hub at the Bahrain International Airport, and it is also a significant competitor for Qatar Airways. Finally, Saudia Airlines is a Saudi Arabia-based airline that operates from its hub at the King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah.Regional competitors for Qatar Airways include Turkish Airlines and Flydubai. Turkish Airlines is the national flag carrier of Turkey and operates from its hub at the Istanbul Atatürk Airport in Istanbul. Flydubai is a Dubai-based airline that operates from its hub at the Dubai International Airport. These airlines offer competition for Qatar Airways as they operate in the same region and serve similar routes.International competitors for Qatar Airways include British Airways, Air France, KLM, and Lufthansa. British Airways is the national flag carrier of the United Kingdom, and it operates from its hub at the London Heathrow Airport. Air France is a French airline that operates from its hub at the Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris. KLM is a Dutch airline that operates from its hub at the Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, while Lufthansa is a German airline that operates from its hub at the Frankfurt Airport. These airlines are significant competitors for Qatar Airways as they serve similar international routes and offer services to similar customers.Regional competitors for Singapore Airlines include Cathay Pacific and Thai Airways. Cathay Pacific is a Hong Kong-based airline that operates from its hub at the Hong Kong International Airport. Thai Airways is a Thailand-based airline that operates from its hub at the Suvarnabhumi Airport in Bangkok. These airlines are significant competitors for Singapore Airlines as they operate in the same region and offer services to similar customers.International competitors for Singapore Airlines include Emirates, Qantas, and Cathay Pacific. Emirates is a UAE-based airline that operates from its hub at the Dubai International Airport. Qantas is an Australian airline that operates from its hub at the Sydney Airport, while Cathay Pacific is a Hong Kong-based airline that operates from its hub at the Hong Kong International Airport. These airlines are significant competitors for Singapore Airlines as they serve similar international routes and offer services to similar customers.In conclusion, Qatar Airways and Singapore Airlines face significant competition from local, regional and international competitors. The airlines need to develop strategies to remain competitive and grow their market share. The airlines can use strategies such as pricing, customer service, route network, and innovation to remain competitive and grow their business.
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Suppose Bank Y currently has $300M in demand deposits and $45M
in reserves. Bank X�s reserve ratio is _____.
10%
12%
15%
none of the above
The answer is option C Suppose Bank Y currently has $300M in demand deposits and $45M in reserves. Bank X’s reserve ratio is 15%. The reserve ratio refers to the proportion of deposits that banks must keep as reserves.
To maintain stability in the financial system, banks are required to maintain a reserve ratio, which is the proportion of deposits they must hold in reserve and not lend out. This reserve ratio is established by the Federal Reserve System.Reserve requirements are established by the Federal Reserve to help ensure the stability of banks and protect their depositors. The reserve ratio is determined as a percentage of a bank's total deposits that must be held in reserve. Banks are required to maintain a certain level of reserves to ensure that they are able to meet their obligations to depositors.The reserve ratio is calculated by dividing the amount of reserves a bank holds by the total deposits it has on hand. In this scenario, Bank Y has $300M in demand deposits and $45M in reserves. Therefore, its reserve ratio is 15%.So, the answer is option C, i.e., 15%.
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The following data available for Delicious Catering Ltd.
Account
Beginning balance
Ending Balance
Use/source of cash
Accounts payable
47,800
55,500
Inventory
22,600
29,700
Long term debts
85,500
145,600
Common stock
120,500
100,000
Other information: The company just placed an order for 9,000 pieces of pizza bases at a price of $0.5/unit. The supplier offers the credit terms of 1.5/10, net 40.
Required:
Calculate the net cash and identify the source of cash or the use of cash for each account by filling into the column next to the ending balance
ANSWER a):
What is the discount being offered by the supplier to Delicious Catering Ltd.? How quickly must the company pay to get the discount? If the company takes the discount, how much should they pay?
ANSWER b):
The amount that the company should pay after availing the discount of 1.5% is $4,432.50.
What is the discount being offered by the supplier to Delicious Catering Ltd.?Discount being offered by the supplier to Delicious Catering Ltd. is 1.5%.How quickly must the company pay to get the discount.
If the company pays within 10 days of placing the order then they can avail the discount of 1.5% offered by the supplier. The credit terms being offered are 1.5/10, net 40.
If the company takes the discount, how much should they pay?If the company takes the discount offered by the supplier, they should pay; Price of 1 unit of pizza base = $0.5Discount offered = 1.5%.
Thus, the discounted price will be 0.5 - (0.5 x 0.015) = 0.4925, Amount to be paid by the company after the discount = $0.4925 x 9,000 = $4,432.50.
Therefore, the amount that the company should pay after availing the discount of 1.5% is $4,432.50.
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Your factory manager just received a big bonus check. Unfortunately, all you get is to record the entry:
18) Your factory manager just received a big bonus check. Unfortunately, all you get is to record the entry:
DEBIT: Bonus Expense / CREDIT: Wages Payable
DEBIT: Factory Overhead / CREDIT: Wages Payable
DEBIT: Wages Payable / CREDIT: Factory Overhead
DEBIT: WiP Inventory / CREDIT: Wages Payable
The entry to record the factory manager's bonus check would be:
DEBIT: Bonus ExpenseCREDIT: Wages Payable
This entry reflects the recognition of the bonus expense and the corresponding liability to pay wages.
debit to the Bonus Expense account represents the increase in expenses for the company due to the bonus payment. On the other hand, the credit to the Wages Payable account reflects the liability created by the bonus payment, as it is an amount owed to the factory manager.
The s involving Factory Overhead and Work-in-Progress (WiP) Inventory are not appropriate in this scenario. Factory Overhead represents indirect manufacturing costs, while WiP Inventory accounts for partially completed products in the production process. The factory manager's bonus is not related to these accounts, but rather to the compensation and expense category.
By ly recording the entry as mentioned, the company acknowledges the cost of the bonus, which is an important aspect of accurate financial reporting and helps maintain transparency in the company's financial statements.
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hich of the following is a good example of a positive statement? (a) The government should tax less (b) Increasing interests improves savings rate (c) People should look into wage inflations as it saves them more money (d) Employment is Better to have than inflation for economic growth.
A positive statement refers to an assertion made about the way things are in the present or how they will be in the future. In the given options, the best example of a positive statement is option B, "Increasing interests improve savings rate."
This statement makes a positive assertion about the relationship between interest rates and savings rate.A positive statement is made by stating what is and by providing factual information to support that statement. A positive statement can be proven through empirical data. Positive statements do not make normative claims; they are limited to factual statements and do not provide any guidance or advice on what should be done. They are, instead, based on observation, research, and verifiable evidence. A positive statement is not always a desirable one, but it is an assertion that can be proved or disproved using objective and verifiable evidence or observations.In option A, the statement "The government should tax less" is a normative statement because it is an opinion and suggests a course of action. Option C, "People should look into wage inflations as it saves them more money" is also a normative statement as it recommends what people should do. In option D, "Employment is better to have than inflation for economic growth" is a normative statement because it is a matter of opinion and judgment based on economic theory. Therefore, Option B is the best example of a positive statement that makes a factual assertion about the relationship between interest rates and savings rate.
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Flag question This economic assumption refers to the ability of people to make decisions with some desired outcome in mind. a. Principle of Marginality b. Principle of Rationality c. Principle of opportunity cost d. Principle of positive economics e. Principle of 'ceteris paribus'
The economic assumption that refers to the ability of people to make decisions with some desired outcome in mind is the Principle of Rationality.
Therefore, the main answer is (b) Principle of Rationality. :The Principle of Rationality refers to the economic assumption that individuals make decisions with some desired outcome in mind. It is the decision-making process that people use to make decisions based on the alternatives available to them. Individuals make decisions based on their preferences or their personal taste.
They also consider all available options before selecting the best alternative that satisfies their desires. The Principle of Marginality refers to the increase or decrease in output production based on the use of the marginal unit of input. The Principle of Opportunity Cost refers to the cost of the best alternative foregone when a choice is made. The Principle of Positive Economics refers to the use of scientific tools and methodology to study economics.The Principle of 'ceteris Paribus refers to the assumption that other variables remain constant while one variable is under observation.
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Assume that you are the chairman of the central bank board and your teammates are board members. How would you handle different opinions and would you do things differently compared to what your team did?
As the chairman of the central bank board, I would handle different opinions with a calm and respectful approach. It is important to listen to each board member's perspective and weigh the pros and cons of each argument before making a decision. Encouraging open communication and discussion among the team will allow everyone to feel heard and valued.
In terms of doing things differently compared to what the team did, it would depend on the specific situation and the reasoning behind their decision. If I strongly disagreed with a decision made by the team, I would bring up my concerns and propose an alternative solution. However, if the decision was well thought out and supported by evidence, I would respect the team's decision and move forward with the agreed upon plan.
Overall, effective leadership involves a balance of listening to others' opinions and being able to make tough decisions when necessary. As the chairman, I would strive to create a collaborative and respectful environment that encourages open communication and thoughtful decision-making.
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Suppose that a given firm experiences decreasing marginal product of labor with the addition of each worker regardless of the current output level. Refer to Scenario 13-4. Average variable cost will be rising at all points, falling at all points. U-shaped,
In Scenario 13-4, if a given firm experiences decreasing marginal product of labor with the addition of each worker regardless of the current output level, the average variable cost will be rising at all points. In other words, the U-shaped AVC curve is upward sloping at all output levels.
Explanation:In the short run, the average variable cost (AVC) curve is U-shaped, which indicates that it first decreases and then increases as output expands. The marginal cost curve intersects the AVC and ATC curves at their respective minimum points (U-shaped curves).If the firm experiences decreasing marginal product of labor with the addition of each worker, the average variable cost will be rising at all points. Therefore, the U-shaped AVC curve is upward sloping at all output levels. The AVC is affected by changes in both fixed costs and variable costs. When the average variable cost increases, the marginal product of labor decreases, and when the average variable cost decreases, the marginal product of labor increases.
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discussed the socially active stance of Ben & Jerry's. Identify a company that is known for it's conservative stances and evaluate whether stakeholders - including customers government entities, and community activists - have responded similarly or differently to each of the that firms activism efforts.
While both Ben & Jerry's and Chick-fil-A are known for their activism efforts, their respective stances and values have elicited different responses from stakeholders. Ben & Jerry's socially active stance has generally been met with support from customers, government entities, and community activists who share similar values. On the other hand, Chick-fil-A's conservative stance has garnered support from its customer base but has faced pushback from some government entities and community activists who oppose its values.
One company that is known for its conservative stances is Chick-fil-A. Chick-fil-A has been vocal about its conservative values, particularly regarding issues. Let's evaluate how stakeholders, including customers, government entities, and community activists, have responded to Chick-fil-A's activism efforts compared to Ben & Jerry's socially active stance.
1. Customers:
- Ben & Jerry's: Ben & Jerry's socially active stance has resonated with its customer base, particularly those who align with their progressive values. Many customers appreciate the company's commitment to social and environmental causes, and it has garnered a loyal following.
- Chick-fil-A: Chick-fil-A's conservative stance has also attracted a dedicated customer base that aligns with its values. Many customers appreciate the company's traditional values and have continued to support the brand despite controversies and boycott calls from some groups.
2. Government Entities:
- Ben & Jerry's: Ben & Jerry's activism efforts have generally received support or minimal pushback from government entities. Their focus on social and environmental causes often aligns with certain government policies or initiatives related to sustainability and social justice.
- Chick-fil-A: Chick-fil-A has faced some challenges from government entities, particularly in locations where its conservative stance on clashes with local laws or policies. In some cases, there have been attempts to block or limit the company's expansion based on disagreements with its values.
3. Community Activists:
- Ben & Jerry's: Ben & Jerry's activism efforts have been well-received by many community activists who share similar values. The company's partnerships with grassroots organizations and initiatives have often been seen as genuine and effective in driving positive change.
- Chick-fil-A: Chick-fil-A's conservative stances have faced significant opposition from community activists, particularly those advocating for rights and equality. There have been boycotts and protests organized against the company, and some activists have actively campaigned against its presence in certain communities.
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D Question 3 3 pts When two goods are substitutes, a shock that raises the price of one good causes the price of the other good to change in an unpredictable manner. decrease increase O remain unchanged Question 4 3 pts The assumption of completeness means that all preferences conditions are met. the consumers can rank all affordable consumption bundles, more of a good is always better the consumer can rank all possible consumption bundles.
Question 3: When two goods are substitutes, a shock that raises the price of one good causes the price of the other good to increase. Question 4: The assumption of completeness means that the consumer can rank all possible consumption bundles.
Question 3: When two goods are substitutes, they serve similar purposes or satisfy similar needs for consumers. As a result, when the price of one substitute good increases, consumers are likely to shift their demand towards the other substitute good. This increased demand puts upward pressure on the price of the other good, causing it to increase. Therefore, the statement provided is correct.
Question 4: Completeness is an assumption in consumer theory that assumes consumers can rank their preferences for all possible consumption bundles. It implies that consumers are capable of making consistent choices and have well-defined preferences among different combinations of goods and services. This assumption allows economists to model consumer behavior and analyze choices based on individual preferences and utility maximization. By assuming completeness, economists can construct indifference curves and derive demand curves that represent the trade-offs consumers are willing to make between goods.
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The final guidelines for competition in the South African automotive aftermarket will come into effect from 1 July, says the National Automobile Dealers' Association (NADA). The guidelines state that owners of new cars in South Arica will have the right to repair or service their vehicles at an independent provider of their choice. These owners won't be locked into restrictive embedded motor or service plans, and vehicle manufacturers won't be allowed to void warranties if owners choose to go with an independent service or repair provider..." If vehicle owners' expectations about any of the determinants of demand for automotive repairs with OEMS (Original Equipment Manufacturers) change, then the demand for automotive repairs with OEMs will change. Select one: O True O False "THE Associated Mine Workers Union of Zimbabwe and the Chamber of Mines Zimbabwe have agreed a new minimum wage for mine workers, which will see salaries being paid in both United States dollars and local currency." If the wage negotiated in the mining industry is higher than the wage previously paid, then ceteris paribus... O A. The demand curve for mined minerals shifts to the right. O B. The demand curve for mined minerals shifts to the left. O C. The supply curve for mined minerals shifts to the right O D. The supply curve for mined minerals shifts to the left
Regarding the statement "If vehicle owners' expectations about any of the determinants of demand for automotive repairs with OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) change, then the demand for automotive repairs with OEMs will change," the correct answer would be True.
Changes in vehicle owners' expectations about any of the determinants of demand for automotive repairs with OEMs, such as price, quality, convenience, or trust, can influence their decision to seek repairs with OEMs. If these expectations change, it is likely to impact the demand for automotive repairs with OEMs.
Regarding the statement about the wage negotiation in the mining industry, if the negotiated wage is higher than the wage previously paid, the correct answer would be C. The supply curve for mined minerals shifts to the right.
An increase in wages for mine workers would raise the cost of production for mining companies. As a result, the supply curve for mined minerals would shift to the right because higher wages would incentivize mining companies to increase production to cover the increased costs.
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Suppose a coupon bond has a face value of $2,000 and offers a coupon rate of 5%. If the bond has 5 years until maturity and the yield to maturity was 7%, what would be the rate of capital gain on this Bond?
a. -8.2%
b. -6.77%
c. +8.93*
d. +6.77%
The coupon rate is the annual interest rate provided on the face value of a bond. It is the rate of interest that a bond investor would get on the face value of a bond, which will be paid to them annually until maturity. Therefore, the correct option is (b) -6.77%
Now, coming to the question, we can calculate the bond's price using the following formula: PV = (C / r) x [1 - 1 / [tex](1 + r)^{n}[/tex] + FV /[tex](1 + r)^{n}[/tex]
Where, PV = Present ValueC = Coupon rateFV = Face Value of the bond
n = number of years until maturity
r = Yield to maturity
In this case, FV = $2,000, and the Coupon rate = 5%. So, C = $2,000 × 0.05 = $100 per year for 5 years. The yield to maturity of the bond is 7%, and it matures in 5 years. Hence, putting the given values into the above formula:
PV = ($100 / 0.07) x [1 - 1 / (1 + 0.07) ⁵] + $2,000 / (1 + 0.07)⁵PV = $2,486.85The capital gain from the bond can be calculated as follows:
Capital Gain = Selling Price - Purchase PricePurchase price of the bond = $2,486.85Selling price of the bond = Face value of the bond = $2,000So, Capital Gain = $2,000 - $2,486.85 = -$486.85The capital gain is negative as the selling price of the bond is less than its purchase price. So, the rate of capital gain on the bond is (-486.85 / 2486.85) × 100 = -19.57%, which can be rounded to -19.6%.
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In order to cover its fixed costs and provide a reasonable profit, a hotel's GOP percentage should be in the range of: 15-20% WRONG ANSWER FROM CHEGG )). Option left A) 8-12%,, B) 10-15%,, C) 25-40%
2.) Generally speaking, if room rates are increased by $20.00, what percentage of this increase is likely to flow through to the GOP line on the Summary Income Statement? 75% WRONG FROM CHEGG) Option left A) 100%, B) 50%,, C)25%,,
A) 8-12%. The GOP (Gross Operating Profit) percentage represents the portion of revenue remaining after deducting variable costs but before deducting fixed costs.
B) 50%. When room rates are increased by $20.00, the percentage of this increase that flows through to the GOP line on the Summary Income Statement is typically around 50%.
A) 8-12%. The GOP (Gross Operating Profit) percentage represents the portion of revenue remaining after deducting variable costs but before deducting fixed costs. It is an indicator of a hotel's profitability and ability to cover its fixed costs while generating a reasonable profit. Generally, a GOP percentage in the range of 8-12% is considered appropriate for hotels to cover their fixed costs and achieve profitability.
For the second question, the correct answer is B) 50%. When room rates are increased by $20.00, the percentage of this increase that flows through to the GOP line on the Summary Income Statement is typically around 50%. This is because not all of the revenue increase directly translates to profit due to various operational costs, such as labor, utilities, and other variable expenses associated with providing the increased room rate service. Therefore, approximately half of the room rate increase is expected to contribute to the GOP.
It's important to note that these figures may vary depending on factors such as the hotel's specific cost structure, market conditions, and other factors that can influence revenue and expenses.
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CHAPTER 7: Consumers, Producers, and the Efficiency of Markets 111 Practice Problems D. There are five consumers looking for a particular used car in Farmville, Saskatchewan. Vladimir is willing to pay $6000, Danuta would pay $5000, Fred would pay $4000, Gwen would pay $3000, and Camille would pay $2000. There are also five local dealers with cars that would satisfy the consumers: Bill's Beautiful Bargains has a car that cost Bill $6000, Al's Autos has one for which his opportunity cost was $5000, Cal's Classic Cars has one that cost $4000, Tim's Transportation has one that cost $3000, and Buy-A-Bomb has one that it is willing to sell for $2000. (Assume that all the used cars are identical, except for the price charged.) a. Plot the supply and demand diagrams for the used cars in the space below.
The supply and demand diagrams for the used cars are shown in the space below.What is the interpretation of the two graphs?Demand curve:
The demand curve (D) displays the consumers' willingness to purchase at various prices. The higher the price, the smaller the quantity of used cars demanded. It slopes downward since individuals are willing to pay less for a car when its price is high.
The five consumers' willingness to pay is represented by the demand curve in this specific scenario.Supply curve: The supply curve (S) shows how much used cars sellers are willing to sell at various prices. The higher the price, the more used cars supplied. It slopes upward because dealers must be incentivized to sell their cars at a higher price. In this particular case, the supply curve represents the prices charged by the five local dealers.
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santos unlimited (su) was originally unlevered with 4500 shares outstanding. however, after a major financial restructure, su now has $35000 of debt, with an annual interest expense of 6 percent. the restructuring has reduced the number of shares to 3800. a group of shareholders of su are not convinced that this move towards adopting financial leverage is a good idea. their main argument is that there is now some range of ebit, however low, that will make the shareholders worse off than before. help understand the situation better by computing the level of earnings before interest and tax (ebit) that would make shareholders indifferent between being unlevered (i.e. not having any debt) and levered (i.e. having debt). assume a 32 percent corporate tax rate.
The level of EBIT that would make shareholders indifferent between being unlevered and levered is EBIT -($2,100).
What is the level of EBIT that would make shareholders indifferent?Earnings before tax (EBT) = EBIT - Interest expense
Tax = EBT * Tax rate
Earnings available to shareholders (EAS) = EBT - Tax
Since the company is unlevered, there is no debt, so the EBIT will directly translate to EAS:
EAS_unlevered = EBIT_unlevered
EBT_levered = EBIT - Interest expense
Tax_levered = EBT_levered * Tax rate
EAS_levered = EBT_levered - Tax_levered
To find the level of EBIT that makes shareholders indifferent, we set EAS_unlevered equal to EAS_levered:
EBIT_unlevered = EBT_levered - Tax_levered
Substituting values:
EBIT_unlevered = EBIT - (Debt * Interest rate)
EBIT_unlevered = EBIT - ($35,000 * 0.06)
EBIT_unlevered = EBIT - $2,100.
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Which of the following statements is FALSE? Select one: a. Due to employee morale issues, it can be important to view a Revenue Management system as an information resource, but not necessarily as the finite decision maker. O b. Introduction of a new Revenue Management system will require the reservations and front office staff to be trained on using the system. C. Care should be taken not to alienate customers when operating a Revenue Management system. O d. A Revenue Management system should not be linked in with a hotel chain's central reservation system.
The FALSE statement among the options is d. A Revenue Management system should not be linked with a hotel chain's central reservation system.
It is not false, but true that a Revenue Management system should be linked to a hotel chain's central reservation system. Integration between the Revenue Management system and the central reservation system allows for seamless data exchange and real-time information sharing. By connecting these systems, the Revenue Management system can access up-to-date reservation data, occupancy levels, pricing information, and other relevant details necessary for effective revenue management decisions. This integration enables accurate forecasting, pricing optimization, and inventory control, resulting in improved revenue performance for the hotel chain. Therefore, it is advantageous for a Revenue Management system to be linked with a hotel chain's central reservation system.
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Question 16 List the six reasons consumers shop and but online. Name a reason some may be hesitant. Use the editor to format your answer
The six reasons why consumers shop and buy online are:Better Prices: Online retailers typically offer lower prices than physical stores. More Variety: Online shopping gives you access to a wide range of products and brands from all over the world. Fewer Expenses:
You can save money on gas, parking, and other expenses when shopping online. Convenience: You can shop anytime and anywhere without having to leave your home. Time-Saving: Online shopping can save you time by eliminating the need to visit physical stores. More Control: Online shopping gives you more control over your shopping experience, such as the ability to easily compare products and prices. One reason some may be hesitant to shop online is security concerns. They may be concerned that their personal information will be stolen or their financial accounts will be compromised.
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Last year Carson Industries issued a 10-year, 12% semiannual coupon bond at its par value of $1,000. Currently, the bond can be called in 6 years at a price of $1,060 and it sells for $1,200.
A.) What is the bond's nominal yield to maturity? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
What is the bond's nominal yield to call? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
Would an investor be more likely to earn the YTM or the YTC?
B.) What is the current yield? (Hint: Refer to Footnote 7 for the definition of the current yield and to Table 7.1.) Round your answer to two decimal places.
Is this yield affected by whether the bond is likely to be called?
Options:
I. If the bond is called, the current yield and the capital gains yield will remain the same but the coupon rate will be different.
II. If the bond is called, the current yield will remain the same but the capital gains yield will be different.
III. If the bond is called, the current yield and the capital gains yield will remain the same.
IV. If the bond is called, the capital gains yield will remain the same but the current yield will be different.
V. If the bond is called, the current yield and the capital gains yield will both be different.
C.) What is the expected capital gains (or loss) yield for the coming year? Use amounts calculated in above requirements for calcuation, if reqired. Round your answer to two decimal places. Enter a loss percentage, if any, with a minus sign.
Is this yield dependent on whether the bond is expected to be called?
Options:
I. If the bond is not expected to be called, the appropriate expected total return is the YTC.
II. If the bond is expected to be called, the appropriate expected total return will not change.
III. The expected capital gains (or loss) yield for the coming year depends on whether or not the bond is expected to be called.
IV. The expected capital gains (or loss) yield for the coming year does not depend on whether or not the bond is expected to be called.
V. If the bond is expected to be called, the appropriate expected total return is the YTM.
The expected capital gains yield is dependent on whether the bond is expected to be called. If it is expected to be called, the capital gains yield will be equal to the call premium of $60. Option III is correct.
A.) The bond's nominal yield to maturity can be calculated using the following formula:
Nominal Yield to Maturity = (Annual Coupon Payment + ((Face Value - Current Price) / Years to Maturity)) / ((Face Value + Current Price) / 2)
Plugging in the values given, we get:
Annual Coupon Payment = ($1,000 x 12%) / 2 = $60
Years to Maturity = 10 x 2 = 20
Nominal Yield to Maturity = ($60 + (($1,000 - $1,200) / 20)) / (($1,000 + $1,200) / 2) = 9.57%
The bond's nominal yield to call can be calculated using the same formula, but with the call price and years remaining until the call date:
Annual Coupon Payment = ($1,000 x 12%) / 2 = $60
Years to Call = 6 x 2 = 12
Nominal Yield to Call = ($60 + (($1,060 - $1,200) / 12)) / (($1,000 + $1,200) / 2) = 8.26%
An investor would be more likely to earn the YTC, as it is lower than the YTM and represents a higher expected return if the bond is called.
B.) The current yield is calculated as the annual coupon payment divided by the current market price:
Current Yield = ($60 / $1,200) x 100% = 5.00%
The current yield is not affected by whether the bond is likely to be called. Option III is correct.
C.) The expected capital gains yield for the coming year can be calculated as the difference between the expected selling price and the current price, divided by the current price:
Expected Capital Gains Yield = (($1,060 - $1,200) / $1,200) x 100% = -11.67%
Overall, understanding the various yields and risks associated with bonds is important for investors to make informed decisions about their investments. The nominal yield to maturity and yield to call can provide an estimate of expected returns, while current yield and capital gains yield can help evaluate the bond's performance over time.
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the purpose of a budget is to track your income and your spending. truefalse
The statement "the purpose of a budget is to track your income and your spending" is true. A budget is a plan for your finances that summarizes your income and your spending and helps you track your spending in a given period.
The main answer to the question is true. Budgets can also assist you in accomplishing long-term financial objectives. It enables you to know where you stand with your money and take action to improve your financial situation. A budget is essential to track your income and expenses because it will help you identify areas where you may be wasting money and where you need to cut back.
It can also help you plan for upcoming expenses and save for future goals such as a vacation, a new car, or a down payment on a home.To summarize, the main purpose of a budget is to track your income and your spending. With a budget, you can plan and monitor your finances in order to achieve your goals and improve your overall financial well-being.
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PART B Answer this question using an essay format.You are expected to include a minimum of two in-text citations and a reference list Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of an individual, or small group of people (two or three), starting a new business. Evaluate if the best business model for them to use would be becoming a franchisee or if they should adopt a different type of business legal structure,such as a partnership. (1,000 words,50 marks
Starting a new business can be both exciting and terrifying. Although starting a new business can be a great way to make money, there are risks associated with it. In this essay, we will evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of an individual or a small group of people starting a new business.
We will also evaluate whether becoming a franchisee or adopting a different type of business legal structure such as a partnership is the best business model for them.
Advantages of starting a new business:
Ownership: The most significant advantage of starting a new business is ownership. Starting a new business provides you with the opportunity to be your boss and be in charge of your company's growth and development.
Flexibility: Starting a new business also offers flexibility. You have the freedom to choose your work hours and the projects you want to work on, which can be a great benefit if you are looking for a work-life balance.
Personal satisfaction: Starting a new business provides a great sense of personal satisfaction. When you start a business, you are creating something from scratch, which can be incredibly rewarding.
Disadvantages of starting a new business:
Risk: Starting a new business is risky. You need to put a lot of money, time, and effort into your business, which means that you may lose all of it if your business doesn't succeed.
Lack of security: Starting a new business offers no security. You don't have a regular paycheck or a safety net if things go wrong. This can be stressful and overwhelming. It can be especially challenging if you have a family to support.
Competitive market: Starting a new business in a competitive market can be challenging. You need to stand out from the competition to succeed, which can be challenging if you have limited resources.
Now that we have evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of starting a new business let us look at whether becoming a franchisee or adopting a different type of business legal structure such as a partnership is the best business model for them.
Franchisee: One advantage of becoming a franchisee is that you have a proven business model. You don't have to spend time and money developing a new business model. This means that you can start earning profits right away. Another advantage of becoming a franchisee is that you have a support network. The franchisor provides you with training, marketing support, and ongoing support to help you succeed. However, becoming a franchisee also has its disadvantages. You have limited control over your business. You need to follow the franchisor's rules and regulations, which can be limiting. You also need to pay a percentage of your profits to the franchisor, which can eat into your profits.
Partnership: One advantage of adopting a partnership structure is that you share the risks and rewards with your partner. This means that you have someone to share the workload and responsibilities. Another advantage of adopting a partnership structure is that you have more funding options. You and your partner can pool your resources to fund the business. However, adopting a partnership structure also has its disadvantages. You need to share your profits with your partner. You also need to ensure that you and your partner share the same goals and values, which can be challenging.
In conclusion, starting a new business has its advantages and disadvantages. Becoming a franchisee or adopting a partnership structure can be a great business model, depending on the individual or small group's preferences and goals.
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state bonds that are repaid with the revenues from the service they finance are called
Revenue bonds are issued by government entities or special-purpose agencies to fund specific projects or services, and their repayment is tied to the income or user fees generated by the service.
Revenue bonds are a type of municipal bond that is issued to finance specific revenue-generating projects or services. Unlike general obligation bonds, which are backed by the full faith and credit of the issuer, revenue bonds are secured by the revenue stream generated by the project or service they are intended to finance.
The repayment of revenue bonds is directly tied to the income or user fees generated by the service being financed. For example, if revenue bonds are issued to fund the construction of a toll road, the toll fees collected from motorists using the road will be used to repay the bondholders. Similarly, revenue bonds issued to finance a water treatment plant would be repaid using the revenue generated from water bills paid by consumers.
The revenue stream associated with the project or service provides the source of repayment for the bondholders. This structure allows issuers to finance capital-intensive projects without relying on their general funds or taxing authority. Revenue bonds are often considered to have a higher risk profile than general obligation bonds since their repayment is dependent on the success and profitability of the project or service being financed.
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.Exercise 13-32 (Algo) Estimate Purchases and Cash Disbursements (LO 13-4, 5)
Midland Company buys tiles and prints different designs on them for souvenir and gift stores. It buys the tiles from a small company in Europe, so at all times it keeps on hand a stock equal to the tiles needed for three months’ sales. The tiles cost $1.00 each and must be paid for in cash. The company has 27,000 tiles in stock. Sales estimates, based on contracts received, are as follows for the next six months:
To estimate purchases and cash disbursements for Midland Company, we need to calculate the tiles needed for sales and determine the cash payments for tile purchases. Here's the estimate for the next six months:
Month: 1
Sales: 30,000 tiles
Tiles needed (3 months sales): 30,000 x 3 = 90,000 tiles
Tiles to purchase: 90,000 - 27,000 (in stock) = 63,000 tiles
Cash payment for tile purchases: 63,000 tiles x $1.00 = $63,000
Month: 2
Sales: 36,000 tiles
Tiles needed (3 months sales): 36,000 x 3 = 108,000 tiles
Tiles to purchase: 108,000 - 27,000 (in stock) = 81,000 tiles
Cash payment for tile purchases: 81,000 tiles x $1.00 = $81,000
Month: 3
Sales: 42,000 tiles
Tiles needed (3 months sales): 42,000 x 3 = 126,000 tiles
Tiles to purchase: 126,000 - 27,000 (in stock) = 99,000 tiles
Cash payment for tile purchases: 99,000 tiles x $1.00 = $99,000
Month: 4
Sales: 39,000 tiles
Tiles needed (3 months sales): 39,000 x 3 = 117,000 tiles
Tiles to purchase: 117,000 - 27,000 (in stock) = 90,000 tiles
Cash payment for tile purchases: 90,000 tiles x $1.00 = $90,000
Month: 5
Sales: 45,000 tiles
Tiles needed (3 months sales): 45,000 x 3 = 135,000 tiles
Tiles to purchase: 135,000 - 27,000 (in stock) = 108,000 tiles
Cash payment for tile purchases: 108,000 tiles x $1.00 = $108,000
Month: 6
Sales: 48,000 tiles
Tiles needed (3 months sales): 48,000 x 3 = 144,000 tiles
Tiles to purchase: 144,000 - 27,000 (in stock) = 117,000 tiles
Cash payment for tile purchases: 117,000 tiles x $1.00 = $117,000
Therefore, the estimated purchases and cash disbursements for Midland Company for the next six months are as follows:
Month 1: Purchases = 63,000 tiles, Cash Disbursements = $63,000
Month 2: Purchases = 81,000 tiles, Cash Disbursements = $81,000
Month 3: Purchases = 99,000 tiles, Cash Disbursements = $99,000
Month 4: Purchases = 90,000 tiles, Cash Disbursements = $90,000
Month 5: Purchases = 108,000 tiles, Cash Disbursements = $108,000
Month 6: Purchases = 117,000 tiles, Cash Disbursements = $117,000
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a hiatal hernia or failure of the lower esophageal sphincter
A hiatal hernia or failure of the lower esophageal sphincter are both medical conditions that affect the digestive system. Hiatal hernia is a condition whereby a portion of the stomach slides up through the hiatus into the chest.
The failure of the lower esophageal sphincter can cause stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the esophagus, also known as acid reflux. Some of the symptoms of both hiatal hernia and acid reflux include heartburn, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing. Dietary changes and medication can help alleviate symptoms in both cases, while surgery may be needed in severe cases.
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