The probability that a mutual fund that probability outperformed the S&P 500 index for 33 out of 52 weeks would perform as well or better again can be determined using the binomial distribution formula.
The formula is as follows:P(X ≥ k) = 1 - Σi=0k-1(nCix^i(1-x)n-i)where P(X ≥ k) is the probability of getting k or more successes, n is the total number of trials, x is the probability of success in a single trial, and nCi is the binomial coefficient.
In this case, k is 33, n is 52, and x is 0.5 because there are two possible outcomes (outperforming or underperforming) for each week and the fund outperformed for 33 weeks, which is slightly more than half of the total weeks. Using the binomial distribution formula:
P(X ≥ 33)
= 1 - Σi=032Cix^i(1-x)52-i
= 1 - (0.5^0)(0.5^52) - (0.5^1)(0.5^51) - ... - (0.5^32)(0.5^20)
= 1 - 0.000012755
= 0.999987245Therefore, the probability that the mutual fund would perform as well or better again is 0.999987245 (rounded to four decimal places).
Complete question:
please round to four decimal places as needed for answer During one year, a particular mutual fund outperformed the S&P 500 index 33 out of 52 weeks Find the probability that it would perform as well or better again, The probability is (Round to four decima.
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Describe the current approach to measurement adopted by standard setters. (3 marks) b. What are the advantages and disadvantages associated with the approach you identified in part a). (7 marks).
The current approach to measurement adopted by standard setters- Standard setters adopt different approaches when measuring financial information.
They use different criteria to ensure that the financial statement represents the company's actual financial status. Some of the current measurement approaches adopted by standard setters include:
Historical cost is the amount at which the asset was acquired or cost of production, and this cost is adjusted for depreciation. It's the basis of accounting, used to measure the value of the asset and the amount of income recognized.
This method measures assets' value and liabilities at cost, regardless of their current value. Although it may be conservative and objectively verifiable, it ignores the current market value of the assets and may not be relevant to current business decisions.
Fair value, in contrast, measures assets' values and liabilities at the current market value, which is used in measuring income, including the cost of production. This approach may not be conservative and is subject to valuation changes.
As a result, this approach is subjective and can affect financial statement readers' perception. Current cost is the cost incurred by the company to replace an asset if lost or sold. This approach measures assets' value and liabilities at the amount of money required to replace or purchase them, which is more relevant in the current market environment.
This approach, however, requires constant updating of current prices and is not easily applied to the income statement. Hence, it may not be useful in providing income information and may not be conservative. Advantages and disadvantages of the approaches identified in part
a).Historical cost method The approach's advantages include that it's conservative and objective, and provides verifiable data for the company's assets and liabilities. However, it doesn't consider the current market value of the asset, which may cause financial statement readers to underestimate the asset's worth.
Additionally, it doesn't show the current value of the asset and may lead to making poor investment decisions.
Fair value methodThe approach's advantages include that it measures the asset's current market value, which is relevant and updated in the current market environment. It also shows the real worth of the asset, which can affect investment decisions positively.
However, the approach is subjective and may vary based on assumptions used in the valuation, which could affect the company's financial statement's reader's perception.
Additionally, the approach may lead to overstating asset values and understating liabilities, which may not be useful in predicting future returns.
Current cost method: The approach's advantages include that it's updated regularly, and its relevance is ensured in the current market environment. It also provides a fair value of the asset and is useful in predicting future returns.
However, it may be subjective since it's based on the company's evaluation and may not be conservative. It may also be challenging to apply to the income statement and may not be relevant in providing income information.
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Course: Organisational Behaviour Internal Assignment Applicable for June 2022 Examination 2. Performance of employees at the workplace depends on their personality traits. Describe the five major traits that most researchers agree upon and explain how they lead to meaningful workplace behaviour. (10 Marks) 3. Mr. Ranveer Goswami, the current CEO retired from the organization and everyone bid him a very emotional farewell. He was a people's leader and the team was going to certainly miss him. The young CEO Ms. Riya Talwar who was going to take his position had a tall task ahead of her. She was eager to implement the ideas she had in mind to expand the organization and was one focused leader, doing everything in her capacity to lead the organization to greater success. a. Ms. Riya did not get the welcome or support she expected from the team. Her plans were not implemented with the same vigour that she had imagined? Which common organizational pitfalls in leadership are described in this scenario? (5 Marks) b. Correlating it to the above situation, explain how emotional intelligence would help the new CEO get the support she expects from her employees? (5 Marks)
Five major traits that most researchers agree upon are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. These five traits have been found to have an impact on meaningful workplace behavior.
The common organizational pitfalls in leadership that are described in this scenario are Unrealistic Expectations, Poor Communication, and Lack of Trust. The new CEO can use emotional intelligence to get the support she expects from her employees in the following ways: Self-Awareness: Understand the impact of her actions and how they affect her team. Empathy: Understand the perspective of her team members, and act accordingly.Social skills: Build and maintain relationships with her employees, communicate effectively, and be a good listener.
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What is your view of the importance of staffing activities of HR
departments
Staffing activities in HR departments are vital for acquiring top talent, developing employees' skills, planning for future leadership, enhancing retention and engagement, and ensuring legal compliance.
Talent Acquisition: Staffing activities involve attracting and selecting the right candidates for job positions within the organization. Hiring the right people with the necessary skills, qualifications, and cultural fit is essential for the success of any organization. Effective talent acquisition helps in building a skilled and diverse workforce.
Employee Development: HR departments are responsible for providing training and development opportunities to enhance employees' skills and capabilities. Staffing activities include identifying skills gaps, designing training programs, and facilitating employee growth. Investing in employee development not only improves individual performance but also contributes to the overall success and competitiveness of the organization.
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The Library Special Revenue Fund commenced calendar year 2019 with a cash balance of $5, no liabilities, and a restricted fund balance of $5. Prepare journal entries to record these transactions in the Library Special Revenue Fund and, where appropriate, in the General Fund. (We suggest you post opening balances and the journal entries to general ledger T-accounts.)
The General Fund transferred $100 cash to the Library Special Revenue Fund to help the library finance its activities for the year.
The library received a grant of $300 from the county. The grant must be used only for library purposes, but there is no requirement as to when it must be spent.
The library received $20 from fines, donations, and various fundraising events.
The library paid $350 for salaries and $40 to acquire books and periodicals. Charge the Expenditures—culture salaries and Expenditures—culture supplies accounts, respectively.
Note: In the Fund column, select the appropriate fund in which the journal entry is recorded (General Fund: GF or Library Special Revenue Fund: LSRF)
General Fund (GF):
Cash: Debit $100 (Transfer in)
Library Special Revenue Fund (LSRF):
Cash: Debit $320 (Receipts: $300 grant + $20 fines, donations, and fundraising events)
Fund Balance-Restricted: Credit $5 (Opening balance)
Revenue: Credit $320 (Grant and receipts)
Expenditures—Culture Salaries: Debit $350 (Payment for salaries)
Expenditures—Culture Supplies: Debit $40 (Payment for books and periodicals)
Based on the given information, here are the journal entry to record the transactions in the Library Special Revenue Fund and, where applicable, in the General Fund:
1. Opening balances:
LSRF:
Cash: Debit $5
Fund Balance-Restricted: Credit $5
2. General Fund transfer to Library Special Revenue Fund:
General Fund (GF):
Cash: Debit $100
Library Special Revenue Fund (LSRF):
Cash: Credit $100
3. Receipt of grant from the county:
LSRF:
Cash: Debit $300
Revenue: Credit $300
4. Receipt of fines, donations, and fundraising events:
LSRF:
Cash: Debit $20
Revenue: Credit $20
5. Payment for salaries:
LSRF:
Expenditures—Culture Salaries: Debit $350
Cash: Credit $350
6. Payment to acquire books and periodicals:
LSRF:
Expenditures—Culture Supplies: Debit $40
Cash: Credit $40
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Illustrate the potential economic and financial effects of climate change(Macroeconomics)
The potential economic and financial effects of climate change are significant and far-reaching. Governments and businesses must work together to mitigate the risks and develop strategies to adapt to the changing climate in order to minimize the potential impact on macroeconomics.
Climate change has the potential to cause significant economic and financial effects that could impact macroeconomics. In particular, rising temperatures and changing weather patterns may lead to more frequent and severe natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, and hurricanes. These events can have a profound impact on the economy, leading to increased costs and lost productivity.
For example, natural disasters can damage infrastructure, disrupt supply chains, and force businesses to shut down temporarily. This can lead to higher costs for companies and consumers, which can ultimately reduce economic output. Additionally, climate change can impact agricultural productivity, leading to higher food prices and reduced access to certain products.
On a financial level, climate change can have an impact on investments and insurance. As natural disasters become more frequent and severe, insurance companies may face higher payouts, which can impact their bottom line. Additionally, companies that rely on fossil fuels may face decreased demand and lower stock prices as investors shift towards more sustainable energy sources.
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, suppose First Main Street Bank loans out all of its new excess reserves to Eileen, who immediately uses the funds to write a check to Clancy. Clancy deposits the funds immediately into his checking account at Second Republic Bank. Then Second Republic Bank lends out all of its new excess reserves to Manuel, who writes a check to Kate, who deposits the money into her account at Third Fidelity Bank. Third Fidelity lends out all of its new excess reserves to Poornima in turn. Fill in the following table to show the effect of this ongoing chain of events at each bank. Enter each answer to the nearest dollar.
Third Fidelity Bank loaned out $25,000 to Poornima.
First Main Street Bank loans out all of its new excess reserves to EileenEileen uses the funds to write a check to ClancyClancy deposits the funds immediately into his checking account at Second Republic BankSecond Republic Bank lends out all of its new excess reserves to ManuelManuel writes a check to KateKate deposits the money into her account at Third Fidelity BankThird Fidelity lends out all of its new excess reserves to PoornimaFormula: Loaned Out + Initial Excess Reserves = Total Excess ReservesSo,First Main Street BankLoan Loaned Out Initial Excess Reserves Total Excess Reserves$30,000 $20,000 $50,000Second Republic BankLoan Loaned Out Initial Excess Reserves Total Excess Reserves$21,000 $4,000 $25,000Third Fidelity BankLoan Loaned Out Initial Excess Reserves Total Excess Reserves$25,000 $3,000 $28,000PoornimaLoan Loaned Out Initial Excess Reserves Total Excess Reserves$28,000 $0 $28,000Therefore, the effect of this ongoing chain of events at each bank is:First Main Street Bank loaned out $30,000 to Eileen.Second Republic Bank loaned out $21,000 to Manuel.Third Fidelity Bank loaned out $25,000 to Poornima.Each bank maintains its initial excess reserves as well, which is given in the table above.
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Jazz Corporation owns 10% of the Williams Corp. stock. Williams distributed a $30,000 dividend to Jazz Corporation. Jazz Corp.'s taxable income (loss) before the dividend was ($4,000). What is the amount of Jazz's dividends received deduction on the dividend it received from Williams Corp.? Multiple Choice $0. $13,000. $15,000. $23,000. None of the choices is correct.
The amount of Jazz Corporation’s dividends received deduction on the dividend it received from William Corp is $15,000.Option (c) $15,000 is the correct answer.To calculate the amount of Jazz Corporation’s dividends received deduction (DRD) on the dividend it received from William Corp., we need to understand the concept of DRD.
Dividends received deduction is a tax deduction given to a corporation who receives dividends from another corporation. The aim of DRD is to prevent double taxation. It is a deduction allowed for the corporation receiving dividends from another corporation. The deduction allows companies to reduce their tax liability, which arises from receiving a dividend from another corporation.The dividends received deduction is calculated as follows;DRD = Dividend received x DRD percentageWhere DRD percentage is equal to either 50% or 65% of the dividend received. The DRD percentage depends on the percentage of stock ownership in the distributing corporation.A corporation is entitled to a 50% DRD if it owns less than 20% of the distributing corporation.A corporation is entitled to a 65% DRD if it owns more than 20% of the distributing corporation.Let's apply the above information to the given problem. Jazz Corporation owns 10% of William Corp's stock. William distributed a $30,000 dividend to Jazz Corporation. Jazz Corp's taxable income (loss) before the dividend was ($4,000).The DRD percentage for Jazz Corporation will be 50% as they own less than 20% of William Corp’s stock's, the dividends received deduction for Jazz Corporation will be;DRD = Dividend received × DRD percentage = $30,000 × 50%DRD = $15,000Therefore, the amount of Jazz Corporation’s dividends received deduction on the dividend it received from William Corp is $15,000.Option (c) $15,000 is the correct answer.
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Select all of the following that are FALSE. A low contribution margin will result in less net income than a high contribution margin ratio at a given level of sales. All manufacturing costs are deducted in the calculation of the contribution margin. Increases in contribution margin will be reflected dollar for dollar in increased net income once the break-even point has been reached. The margin of safety percentage is equal to the margin of safety in dollars divided by total sales in dollars. X Time Left:0:39:06 Chaman Deep Kaur: Attempt 1 U All manufacturing costs are deducted in the calculation of the contribution margin. Increases in contribution margin will be reflected dollar for dollar in increased net income once the break-even point has been reached. The margin of safety percentage is equal to the margin of safety in dollars divided by total sales in dollars. An increase $15,000 in sales is required to break even if fixed expenses increase by $15,000 per year. We can expect the margin of safety to decrease if fixed expense increase in a company (assuming all other factors remain unchanged).
"All manufacturing costs are deducted in the calculation of the contribution margin" and "Increases in contribution margin result in dollar-for-dollar increase in net income after the break-even point."
1. Not all manufacturing costs are deducted in the calculation of the contribution margin. Only the variable manufacturing costs are deducted, while fixed manufacturing costs are not included in the contribution margin calculation. Fixed manufacturing costs are considered part of the fixed expenses. 2. Increases in contribution margin will not be reflected dollar for dollar in increased net income once the break-even point has been reached. Beyond the break-even point, additional sales will contribute to net income at the contribution margin ratio, which is less than 100%. Therefore, the increase in net income will be less than the increase in contribution margin. The other statements in the question are true. The margin of safety percentage is indeed calculated by dividing the margin of safety in dollars by total sales in dollars. An increase in sales equal to the amount of fixed expenses increase is required to break even, assuming all other factors remain unchanged. If fixed expenses increase, the margin of safety will decrease, assuming all other factors remain unchanged.
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The actual contribution margin per unit will impact the following sales variance:
A. Market-size variance
B. Sales-quantity variance
C. Market-share variance
D. Flexible-budget variance
The actual contribution margin per unit will impact the sales-quantity variance.
The sales-quantity variance is a measure of the difference between the actual quantity of units sold and the budgeted quantity of units sold, multiplied by the budgeted contribution margin per unit. It reflects the impact of the actual sales volume on the overall contribution margin.
Since the actual contribution margin per unit affects the calculation of the contribution margin for each unit sold, any deviation from the budgeted contribution margin per unit will directly impact the sales-quantity variance. If the actual contribution margin per unit is higher or lower than the budgeted contribution margin per unit, it will result in a corresponding variance in the sales-quantity variance.
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Ezra Mechanical Products is planning to set aside $160,000 now for possibly replacing its large synchronous refiner motors whenever it becomes necessary. If the replacement is expected to take place in 3-12 years, how much will the company have in its investment set-aside account? Assume a rate of return of 16% per year compounded quarterly
To calculate the amount Ezra Mechanical Products will have in its investment set-aside account after 3-12 years, we can use the formula for compound interest:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
Where:
A = Future value of the investment
P = Initial investment amount
r = Annual interest rate (as a decimal)
n = Number of compounding periods per year
t = Number of years
Given:
P = $160,000
r = 16% per year = 0.16
n = 4 (quarterly compounding)
t = 3-12 years
For the minimum time period (3 years):
A_min = $160,000 * (1 + 0.16/4)^(4 * 3) = $160,000 * (1.04)^12 ≈ $335,157.22
For the maximum time period (12 years):
A_max = $160,000 * (1 + 0.16/4)^(4 * 12) = $160,000 * (1.04)^48 ≈ $980,923.71
Therefore, Ezra Mechanical Products will have an amount between approximately $335,157.22 and $980,923.71 in its investment set-aside account, depending on when the replacement takes place within the 3-12 year range.
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Mark this question Vern uses a perpetual inventory method at his store. This means that purchases are debited to his merchandise inventory.
Which of the following is credited to his merchandise inventory?
Cost of goods sold
Purchase returns
Owner’s equity
Net sales
In the perpetual inventory method, purchases are indeed debited to the merchandise inventory account. The correct answer to the question is "Cost of goods sold."
Cost of goods sold (COGS) represents the cost of the goods that were sold during a specific period. In the perpetual inventory system, the merchandise inventory account is debited when purchases are made, and it is credited when goods are sold. The credit to the merchandise inventory account is equal to the cost of goods sold.
When goods are sold, their cost is transferred from the merchandise inventory account to the cost of goods sold account. This transfer is recorded as a credit to the merchandise inventory account and a debit to the cost of goods sold account. This process ensures that the inventory balance is reduced, reflecting the items that have been sold, and the cost associated with those items is recognized as an expense in the cost of goods sold.
Therefore, in Vern's perpetual inventory method, the cost of goods sold is credited to his merchandise inventory account.
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In a perpetual inventory method, the cost of goods sold is credited to the merchandise inventory.
Perpetual inventory method is a system where the inventory balance is continuously updated in real-time as purchases and sales occur. In this method, the cost of goods sold represents the cost of the inventory that has been sold during a given period. To record the cost of goods sold, a credit entry is made to the merchandise inventory account, reducing its balance.
The purchase returns, owner's equity, and net sales are not credited to the merchandise inventory account in a perpetual inventory system. Purchase returns are recorded separately as a deduction from purchases when goods are returned to the supplier. Owner's equity represents the owner's interest in the business and is not directly related to the merchandise inventory account. Net sales, on the other hand, represents the total sales revenue after deducting sales returns, allowances, and discounts, and is not directly linked to the merchandise inventory account.
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I have invested $500,000 in the bank. They tell me the interest rate will be 3% per quarter, compounded monthly. What is the effective annual interest rate? a. (1+.03)^12-1 b. (1+.01)^12-1 c. (1+.03)^4-1 d. (1+.01)^4-1
To calculate the effective annual interest rate, we need to consider the compounding frequency and the stated quarterly interest rate.
In this case, the interest is compounded monthly, which means there are 12 compounding periods in a year.
The stated quarterly interest rate is 3%.
To find the effective annual interest rate, we can use the formula:
Effective Annual Interest Rate = (1 + (Stated Interest Rate / Number of Compounding Periods))^Number of Compounding Periods - 1
Plugging in the values, we have:
Effective Annual Interest Rate = [tex](1+(\frac{0.03}{12}))^{12}-1[/tex]
Calculating the expression:
Effective Annual Interest Rate = [tex](1+0.0025)^{12}-1[/tex]
Simplifying further:
Effective Annual Interest Rate = [tex](1.0025)^{12}-1[/tex]
Using a calculator:
Effective Annual Interest Rate ≈ 0.0304 or 3.04%
Therefore, the effective annual interest rate is approximately 3.04%.
The effective annual interest rate for an investment with a stated quarterly interest rate of 3%, compounded monthly, is approximately 3.04%. Thus, the correct answer is d.this is my first paragraph and the equation is [tex](1+0.01)^{4}-1[/tex].
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Under which method(s) of depreciation is the residual value of a depreciated asset may not Be taken into account to determine annual depreciation expense? a. Straight-line method b. Declining balance method c. Units-of-production method d. Straight-line and Units-of-production methods e. All of the above 12. Which of the following regarding the lower of cost or market rule for I inventory are true? (1) The lower of cost or market rule is an example of the historical cost principle. (2) When the market value (net realizable value) of inventory drops below the cost shown in the financial records, net income is not affected. (3) When the market value (net realizable value) of inventory drops below the cost shown in the financial records, total assets (total net book value) are reduced. a. (1) b. (2) c. (3) d. (1) and (3) e. All of the three
Option d: option d. (1) and (3) are correct, and the other two are incorrect, which is explained below about depreciation.
The method of depreciation that doesn't take the residual value of a depreciated asset into account to determine annual depreciation expense is the b. Declining balance method. When it comes to straight-line and units-of-production methods, the residual value of a depreciated asset can be taken into account to determine annual depreciation expense.
On the other hand, under the declining balance method, the residual value of a depreciated asset is not taken into account. Therefore, the correct answer is b. Declining balance method.12. The correct option is d. (1) and (3)
The lower of cost or market rule for I inventory is an example of the conservatism principle. This rule requires a company to report inventory at the lower of cost or market value. When the market value (net realizable value) of inventory falls below the cost shown in the financial records, the total net book value (total assets) is reduced. Thus, option d. (1) and (3) are correct, and the other two are incorrect.
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Question 5 (1 point) A legal monopoly is the result of legal prohibitions against competition, such as regulated monopolies and intellectual property protection. True False Question 6 (1 point) Just like perfectly competitive firms, a monopolist is a price-taker. True False
Question 5 (1 point) A legal monopoly is the result of legal prohibitions against competition, such as regulated monopolies and intellectual property protection. False A legal monopoly is the result of legal prohibitions against competition, such as regulated monopolies and intellectual property protection.
A legal monopoly refers to a scenario in which a company enjoys complete control of a particular commodity or service since the government has granted it sole legal authority to do so. This type of monopoly does not result from legal prohibitions against competition.
Question 6 (1 point) Just like perfectly competitive firms, a monopolist is a price-taker. False A monopolist is not a price-taker like perfectly competitive firms. Unlike perfectly competitive firms, monopolies have control over the prices of the goods and services they provide. Monopolists can, therefore, change the prices of goods and services as they see fit without necessarily affecting the demand for their products. This makes a monopolist a price maker and not a price-taker.
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This week's Government of Ghana 182-day treasury bills with a face value of GHS10,000 is selling
at GHS 9022. Required
i) Compute the holding period return (HPR) for this investment. [2 marks]
ii) Compute the effective annual rate (EAR) for this investment. [2 marks]
iii) Compute the annual percentage rate (APR) for this investment. [2 marks]
iv) Based on the EAR computed in (ii), what is the real rate of return on this investment
assuming inflation is 10 percent. [
The effective annual rate (EAR) is -19.94%, the annual percentage rate (APR) is -18.62%, and the real rate of return, assuming a 10% inflation rate, is -29.94%.
To calculate the holding period return (HPR), we can use the formula:
HPR = (Ending Value - Beginning Value + Income) / Beginning Value
In this case:
Beginning Value = GHS 10,000
Ending Value = GHS 9,022
Income = 0 (as no income is mentioned)
HPR = (9,022 - 10,000 + 0) / 10,000 = -0.0978 or -9.78%
To calculate the effective annual rate (EAR), we can use the formula:
EAR = (1 + HPR)^(365/t) - 1
In this case, since it's a 182-day investment, t = 182/365 = 0.4986.
EAR = (1 + (-0.0978))^(365/0.4986) - 1 = -0.1994 or -19.94%
To calculate the annual percentage rate (APR), we can use the formula:
APR = (1 + EAR)^(365/t) - 1
APR = (1 + (-0.1994))^(365/0.4986) - 1 = -0.1862 or -18.62%
To calculate the real rate of return, we can subtract the inflation rate from the EAR:
Real Rate of Return = EAR - Inflation Rate = -19.94% - 10% = -29.94%
Therefore, the real rate of return on this investment, assuming an inflation rate of 10%, is -29.94%.
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what are the tools available for the manager in financial planning
In financial planning, there are several tools available to managers. One tool is budgeting.
This is the process of creating a financial plan that outlines the organization's income and expenses for a specific period. Another tool is forecasting, which is the process of predicting future financial outcomes based on historical data and market trends. Additionally, financial analysis tools such as ratio analysis and trend analysis can be used to help managers assess the organization's financial health and identify areas for improvement.
Other financial planning tools available to managers include cash flow analysis, break-even analysis, cost-benefit analysis, and sensitivity analysis. These tools help managers make informed decisions about the allocation of financial resources and ensure that the organization is on track to achieve its financial goals.
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Which of the following involves taking a position in two or more options of the same type. For example, combining two calls or put options on the same underlying asset with different exercise prices. a. Credit spread b. Underwriting spread Bull-spread d. Interest rate spread
Bull-spread involves taking a position in two or more options of the same type of asset.
A bull spread is an options strategy that involves taking a position in two or more options of the same type, typically calls, on the same underlying asset with different exercise prices. It is a bullish strategy used by investors who anticipate that the price of the underlying asset will rise.
In a bull call spread, the investor buys a call option with a lower exercise price (the "lower strike") and simultaneously sells a call option with a higher exercise price (the "higher strike"). Both options have the same expiration date. The purpose of this strategy is to profit from an increase in the price of the underlying asset.
By combining the purchase of the lower strike call option with the sale of the higher strike call option, the investor is able to reduce the cost of the trade. The premium received from selling the higher strike call option partially offsets the cost of buying the lower strike call option. This allows the investor to participate in the upside potential of the underlying asset while limiting their initial investment.
The maximum profit potential of a bull spread is achieved when the price of the underlying asset is above the higher strike price at expiration. In this case, both options expire in-the-money, and the investor profits from the price difference between the two strike prices.
On the other hand, the maximum loss in a bull spread is limited to the initial cost of the trade. If the price of the underlying asset remains below the lower strike price at expiration, both options expire out-of-the-money, and the investor loses the premium paid for the options.
Bull spreads are commonly used when an investor has a moderately bullish outlook on an underlying asset. It allows them to benefit from upward price movement while reducing the potential risk and cost compared to buying a single call option.
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Consider the two (excess return) index model regression results for A and B:
RA= -1.1% + 0.95RM
R-square= 0.488
Residual standard deviation = 9.2%
RB = 0.4% + 1.4RM
R-square = 0.576
Residual standard deviation = 12.5%
a. Which stock has more firm-specific risk? Stock B Stock A b. Which stock has greater market risk? Stock B Stock A
b. Which stock has greater market risk? Stock B Stock A
c. For which stock does market movement has a greater fraction of return variability? Stock B Stock A
d. If rf were constant at 8% and the regression had been run using total rather than excess returns, what would have been the regression intercept for stock A?
(Negative value should be indicated by a minus sign. Round your answer to 2 decimal place.)
a. Stock B has more firm-specific risk. Firm-specific risk is captured by the residual standard deviation, and Stock B has a higher residual standard deviation of 12.5% compared to Stock A's 9.2%.
b. Stock A has greater market risk. Market risk is captured by the coefficient of RM (the market return) in the regression equation. Stock A has a coefficient of 0.95, indicating that it is more sensitive to market movements, while Stock B has a coefficient of 1.4.
c. For Stock B, market movement has a greater fraction of return variability. This can be determined by comparing the R-square values of the two stocks. Stock B has an R-square of 0.576, indicating that 57.6% of the return variability is explained by the market movement. Stock A has an R-square of 0.488, indicating that 48.8% of the return variability is explained by the market movement.
d. If rf were constant at 8% and the regression had been run using total rather than excess returns, the regression intercept for Stock A would be the risk-free rate, which is 8%.
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Scenario planning is making assumptions on what the future is going to be and how your business environment will change overtime in light of that future. More precisely, Scenario planning is identifying a specific set of uncertainties, different "realities" of what might happen in the future of your business.
What are your views on the following questions:
1. What is scenario planning in strategic management?
2. What are the steps in scenario planning process?
3. Provide an example of scenario planning based on you experience or other experience.
Scenario planning in strategic management involves anticipating and preparing for potential future scenarios that may impact a business. It helps organizations identify uncertainties, analyze their potential consequences, and develop strategic responses.
The process typically involves several steps, including identifying key uncertainties, developing scenarios, analyzing impacts, and formulating strategies. Scenario planning enables businesses to be more proactive and adaptable in navigating an uncertain and rapidly changing environment. Scenario planning in strategic management is a proactive approach that involves creating alternative future scenarios and assessing their potential impact on a business.
It helps organizations understand the range of possible outcomes and develop strategies to navigate and respond to different future conditions. By considering a variety of scenarios, businesses can better anticipate and prepare for changes in the market, competition, technology, regulations, and other factors that may affect their operations.
The steps in the scenario planning process typically include:
a. Identifying key uncertainties: Identify the critical factors or uncertainties that may significantly impact the business environment.
b. Developing scenarios: Create a set of plausible future scenarios based on different combinations of these uncertainties.
c. Analyzing impacts: Assess the potential consequences and impacts of each scenario on the business, industry, customers, and stakeholders.
d. Formulating strategies: Develop strategies and action plans that align with each scenario, considering potential opportunities and challenges.
e. Monitoring and adapting: Continuously monitor the external environment and reassess scenarios as new information becomes available, adjusting strategies accordingly.
An example of scenario planning could be a technology company considering the future of artificial intelligence (AI). The company could develop scenarios based on different levels of AI adoption, regulations, and societal acceptance. For instance, Scenario A might envision a future where AI is widely adopted and integrated into various industries, while Scenario B might depict a future with slow AI adoption due to regulatory barriers or ethical concerns. By analyzing the potential impacts of these scenarios, the company can develop strategies to capitalize on AI opportunities or navigate challenges in each scenario, such as investing in AI research and development, forging partnerships, or advocating for favorable regulations.
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Considering employment and production, which two of the following industries are typically more affected by recession? 1. Capital goods 2. Consumer durable goods 3. Consumer non-durable gods. 4. Services 1 and 2 1 and 3. 2 and 3 3 and 4
The two industries that are typically more affected by a recession in terms of employment and production are:
Capital goods
Consumer durable goods
During an economic recession, both consumer spending and business investment tend to decline. This leads to reduced demand for capital goods, which are long-lasting goods used in the production of other goods and services, such as machinery, equipment, and infrastructure. As businesses cut back on their investments, the production and employment levels in the capital goods industry are often negatively impacted.
Similarly, consumer durable goods, which are products that have a longer lifespan and are not consumed quickly, such as automobiles, appliances, and furniture, are also affected during a recession. Consumers tend to postpone or reduce their purchases of durable goods during economic downturns, causing a decrease in production and employment in this industry.
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Which of the following was a consequence of the anti-communist fervor of the 1950s? More than 100 employees at the State Department and the Department of Defense were thrown in prison after it was discovered that they were, indeed members of the Communist Party Whittaker Chambers, the individual who provided valuable information on a communist spy ring, was elected to the Senate in 1956. Labor leaders and civil rights leaders had to constantly defend themselves from the accusation that their organizations had any connection to the Soviet Union or the Communist Party. Joe McCarthy's success in exposing communist infiltration of the government earned him the role of Vice- President in the Eisenhower Administration.
The consequence of the anti-communist fervor of the 1950s was that labor leaders and civil rights leaders had to constantly defend themselves from the accusation that their organizations had any connection to the Soviet Union or the Communist Party.
During the 1950s, anti-communist fervor in the United States grew. As a result, many labor leaders and civil rights leaders had to constantly defend themselves against accusations of having connections to the Soviet Union or the Communist Party. These accusations led to suspicion and fear, which led to many people losing their jobs and facing discrimination and persecution.During this time, many Americans were afraid that communism would take over the country. This fear led to the creation of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), which investigated people suspected of being communists. More than 100 employees at the State Department and the Department of Defense were thrown in prison after it was discovered that they were members of the Communist Party.These accusations and investigations caused widespread panic and fear, and many people were afraid to speak out against the anti-communist hysteria. Those who did speak out were often labeled as traitors and were subjected to public ridicule and condemnation. Although anti-communist sentiment eventually subsided in the United States, it left a lasting impact on American society and politics.
The consequence of the anti-communist fervor of the 1950s was that labor leaders and civil rights leaders had to constantly defend themselves from the accusation that their organizations had any connection to the Soviet Union or the Communist Party. This anti-communist sentiment eventually subsided in the United States, it left a lasting impact on American society and politics.
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5. In supply chain coordination, a) please discuss the impact of offshoring and reshoring on the bullwhip effect. b) please explain how the buy-back contract coordinates the supply chain. That is, what is the main logic that guarantees supply chain coordination
The supplier is more likely to place orders with the manufacturer because they know that they can return the unsold goods. This reduces the supplier's risk of holding unsold inventory, and the manufacturer can better plan its production levels because it knows that the supplier will place orders for the products.
a) The offshoring and reshoring have an impact on the bullwhip effect in the supply chain. The bullwhip effect is a phenomenon that occurs when the demand for a product fluctuates significantly, causing the upstream supply chain to experience amplified swings in demand. When a company decides to move its production offshore, it might be difficult to manage the demand, especially when there is a difference in time zones, language, and cultural barriers between the production and the market. This increases the lead time, and if the demand fluctuates, the orders placed for the offshore product may not reflect the actual demand. This leads to higher inventory levels and bullwhip effect. When production is reshored, companies can better manage the demand for their products because they are closer to their market. This reduces the lead time, and the orders placed can better reflect the actual demand. This leads to lower inventory levels and reduces the bullwhip effect.b) A buy-back contract is an agreement between the manufacturer and the supplier that allows the supplier to return unsold goods to the manufacturer. This coordination mechanism guarantees supply chain coordination by providing a safety net for the supplier. The supplier is more likely to place orders with the manufacturer because they know that they can return the unsold goods. This reduces the supplier's risk of holding unsold inventory, and the manufacturer can better plan its production levels because it knows that the supplier will place orders for the products. This coordination mechanism ensures that the supplier is more responsive to the demand for the product and reduces the bullwhip effect.
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subject : business law
1. Aminah instructed Aisyah, her agent to sell her house in Banting at the price RM320,000.00. Aisyah managed to sell the house at RM350,000.00 which a difference of RM30,000.00 has been credited into
Based on business law, Aminah instructed Aisyah, her agent, to sell her house in Banting for RM320,000. Aisyah managed to sell the house for RM350,000, resulting in a difference of RM30,000, which has been credited into Aminah's account.
The difference in the selling price and the instructed price is RM350,000 - RM320,000 = RM30,000. Since the selling price was higher than the instructed price, the difference of RM30,000 is credited to Aminah's account.
Aisyah successfully sold Aminah's house in Banting for RM350,000, which was RM30,000 higher than the instructed price. As a result, Aminah received a credit of RM30,000 into her account. This indicates that Aisyah's negotiation skills and market understanding were effective in securing a higher selling price for the property. Aminah can be satisfied with the outcome, as she not only sold her house but also received a higher return on her investment than initially expected. It is crucial for property owners to choose capable agents like Aisyah, who can maximize the value of their assets and ensure a profitable sale.
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Suppose following the lockdown the Government of India increases spending on the national food security program, explain with the help of a diagram what will be the short-run and long-run effects on output and the price level (assume that the policymakers take no other action).
Increased spending on national food security programs in India could have both short-run and long-run effects on the output and price level.
The following diagram shows the expected short-run and long-run effects: The short-run effect would be an increase in aggregate demand, resulting in a shift to the right of the aggregate demand curve from AD1 to AD2. As a result, both output and the price level will rise in the short term. In the long run, however, this increase in spending will increase the aggregate supply, leading to a shift to the right of the long-run aggregate supply curve from SRAS1 to SRAS2. This will result in the expansion of the economy and will cause output to increase further while prices fall. The final outcome of the short-run and long-run effects will depend on how much the aggregate supply curve shifts to the right.
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The board of directors of Cullumber Corporation is considering two plans for financing the purchase of new plant equipment. Plan #1 would require the issuance of $5,700,000, 8%, 20-year bonds at face value. Plan #2 would require the issuance of 100,000 shares of $5 par value common stock which is selling for $57 per share on the open market. Cullumber Corporation currently has 100,000 shares of common stock outstanding and the income tax rate is expected to be 35%. Assume that income before interest and income taxes is expected to be $656,000 if the new factory equipment is purchased. Prepare a schedule which shows the expected net income after taxes and the earnings per share on common stock under each of the plans that the board of directors is considering. (Do not leave any answer field blank. Enter O for amounts. Round earnings per share to 2 decimal places, e.g. 5.25.) Plan #1 Issue Bonds Plan #2 Issue Stock $ $ $ $ $ $
Given data: Plan #1 would require the issuance of $5,700,000, 8%, 20-year bonds at face value. Plan #2 would require the issuance of 100,000 shares of $5 par value common stock which is selling for $57 per share on the open market.
Cullumber Corporation currently has 100,000 shares of common stock outstanding. The income tax rate is expected to be 35%.Income before interest and income taxes is expected to be $656,000 if the new factory equipment is purchased. Calculation of interest on Plan #1:Interest rate = 8%Face value of bonds = $5,700,000Interest = Face value × Interest rate = $5,700,000 × 8% = $456,000 Calculation of Net Income and Earnings per share for Plan #1:Net income after interest and taxes = Income before interest and income taxes − Interest − Taxes= $656,000 − $456,000 − 35%($656,000 − $456,000)= $656,000 − $456,000 − $70,000= $130,000 Earnings per share (EPS) = Net income after interest and taxes / Number of shares outstanding= $130,000 / 100,000= $1.30 Calculation of
Net Income and Earnings per share for Plan #2: Number of shares outstanding = 100,000 Number of new shares to be issued = 100,000Net income after interest and taxes = Income before interest and income taxes − Taxes= $656,000 − 35%($656,000) = $656,000 − $229,600= $426,400 Earnings per share (EPS) = Net income after interest and taxes / Number of shares outstanding= $426,400 / (100,000 + 100,000)= $426,400 / 200,000= $2.13The schedule which shows the expected net income after taxes and the earnings per share on common stock under each of the plans that the board of directors is considering is given below: Plan #1Issue Bonds Plan #2 Issue Stock Income before interest and income taxes$656,000$656,000Interest$(456,000)$-Taxes$(70,000)$(229,600) Net Income after taxes$130,000$426,400Earnings per share (EPS)$1.30$2.13Therefore, the expected net income after taxes and the earnings per share on common stock under each of the plans that the board of directors is considering are $130,000 and $1.30 for Plan #1 (Issuance of Bonds) and $426,400 and $2.13 for Plan #2 (Issuance of Stock).
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INVOLVE was incorporated as a not-for-profit voluntary health and welfare organization on January 1, 2017. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, the following transactions occurred.
1. A business donated rent-free office space to the organization that would normally rent for $35,000 a year.
2.
A fund drive raised $185,000 in cash and $100,000 in pledges that will be paid within one year. A state government grant of $150,000 was received for program operating cost related to public health education.
3.
Salaries and fringe benefits paid during the year amounted to $208,560. At year-end, an additional $16,000 of salaries and fringe benefits were accrued.
4.
A donor pledged $100,000 for construction of a new building, payable over five fiscal years, commencing in 2019. The discounted value of the pledge is expected to be $94,260.
5.
Office equipment was purchased for $12,000. The useful life of the equipment is estimated to be 5 years. Office furniture with a fair value of $9,600 was donated by a local office supply company. The furniture has an estimated useful life of 10 years. Furniture and equipment are considered unrestricted net assets by INVOLVE.
6.
Telephone expense for the year was $5,200, printing and postage expense was $12,000 for the year, utilities for the year were $8,300 and supplies expense was $4,300 for the year. At year-end, an immaterial amount of supplies remained on hand and the balance in accounts payable was $3,600.
7.
Volunteers contributed $15,000 of time to help with answering the phones, mailing materials, and various other clerical activities.
8.
It is estimated that 90 percent of the pledges made for the 2018 year will be collected. Depreciation expense is recorded for the full year on the assets recorded in item 5.
9.
Salaries and wages, and other expenses were allocated to program services and support services in the following percentages: public health education, 35 percent; community service, 30 percent; management and general, 20 percent; and fund-raising, 15 percent.
10.
Net assets were released to reflect satisfaction of state grant requirements that the grant resources be used for public health education program purposes.
INVOLVE had various transactions, including the donation of office space, fundraising drives, receipt of government grants, payment of salaries and benefits, acquisition of assets, expenses for utilities and supplies, volunteer contributions, and the release of net assets for grant requirements.
What were some of the transactions and activities of INVOLVE, a not-for-profit organization, during the fiscal year 2017?
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, INVOLVE, a not-for-profit voluntary health and welfare organization, had several transactions.
A business donated office space worth $35,000, a fund drive raised $185,000 in cash and $100,000 in pledges, and a government grant of $150,000 was received.
Salaries and fringe benefits of $208,560 were paid, with an additional $16,000 accrued. A donor pledged $100,000 for construction, discounted to $94,260. Office equipment was purchased for $12,000, and furniture worth $9,600 was donated.
Telephone, printing, postage, utilities, and supplies expenses were incurred. Volunteers contributed $15,000 of their time. It was estimated that 90% of the pledges for 2018 would be collected. Depreciation was recorded for the assets.
Expenses were allocated to program services and support services. Net assets were released to meet grant requirements for public health education program purposes.
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You want to evaluate a mutual fund using the Jensen measure for performance evaluation. The risk-free return during the sample period is 6.54%, and the expected market risk premium is 12%. The average return, standard deviation and beta for the fund are given as 24.63%, 10% and 1.4, respectively. The fund’s Jensen’s alpha is closest to;
The fund's Jensen's alpha is closest to 18.09%.
To calculate the Jensen's alpha for the mutual fund, we can use the formula:
Jensen's alpha = Average Return - Risk-free rate - Beta * Expected Market Risk Premium
The risk-free rate is the return on an investment that is considered to have no risk of default. It is typically associated with low-risk investments, such as government bonds or treasury bills, where the likelihood of default is minimal.
Given:
Average Return = 24.63%
Risk-free rate = 6.54%
Expected Market Risk Premium = 12%
Beta = 1.4
Substituting the values into the formula, we get:
Jensen's alpha = 24.63% - 6.54% - 1.4 * 12%
Jensen's alpha = 24.63% - 6.54% - 1.4 * 0.12
Jensen's alpha = 18.09%
Therefore, the fund's Jensen's alpha is closest to 18.09%.
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Drag the correct response into the blank to complete the sentence. The concept of specified period of time. :: region restrictions refers to restricting content to a given distribution channel for a :
The concept of region restrictions refers to restricting content to a given distribution channel for a specified period of time. Region restrictions, also known as geo-blocking or territorial restrictions, involve limiting access to specific content based on geographical locations.
This practice is commonly used by content providers, such as streaming services and digital platforms, to control the availability of their content in different regions or countries. By implementing region restrictions, content owners can license their content to different distribution channels and determine where and when it can be accessed.
Region restrictions are imposed for various reasons, including contractual obligations, licensing agreements, content distribution strategies, and market segmentation. Content providers may choose to release their content exclusively on certain platforms or limit access to specific regions to maximize revenue or protect distribution rights.
These restrictions can be temporary, allowing content to be exclusive to a particular channel for a specified period of time before becoming available on other platforms or in different regions.
Overall, region restrictions are a strategic approach used in the media and entertainment industry to control the distribution and availability of content based on geographical boundaries and timeframes.
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What current celebrity seems to you the best substitute for Lana Turner? What about both this celebrity’s public persona and the poem itself make your choice seem especially appropriate? 5 paragraphs
The poem "Lana Turner Has Collapsed!" by Frank O'Hara has become a classic example of the connection between the world of film and literature.
Lana Turner was a famous Hollywood actress who was known for her roles in films such as "The Postman Always Rings Twice" and "Peyton Place." In the poem, O'Hara imagines Turner's collapse in the middle of a busy New York street, and the way in which it affects those around her. In this answer, we will explore which current celebrity seems to be the best substitute for Lana Turner and why. We will also consider how both this celebrity's public persona and the poem itself make this choice seem especially appropriate.
Firstly, let us consider which current celebrity seems to be the best substitute for Lana Turner. In order to do this, we need to think about what qualities Lana Turner had that made her such an iconic figure. Lana Turner was known for her beauty, glamour, and sophistication. She was seen as a symbol of femininity and sensuality, and she had a powerful presence on screen. She was also known for her turbulent personal life, which included multiple marriages and a high-profile scandal involving her daughter.
One celebrity who seems to embody many of these qualities is Angelina Jolie. Jolie is known for her striking beauty, her glamorous red carpet appearances, and her powerful performances on screen. She has also had a tumultuous personal life, including high-profile marriages to Jonny Lee Miller, Billy Bob Thornton, and Brad Pitt. Jolie's public persona is that of a strong, independent woman who is unafraid to speak her mind and pursue her own path in life. She is also known for her humanitarian work, which has earned her widespread admiration and respect.
Now let us consider why Angelina Jolie is an appropriate substitute for Lana Turner in the context of the poem. Firstly, Jolie's striking beauty and glamorous public persona make her a natural fit for the role of a Hollywood icon like Lana Turner. Like Turner, Jolie is seen as a symbol of femininity and sensuality, and her powerful presence on screen makes her an ideal candidate to play the part of a glamorous actress collapsing in the middle of a busy street.
However, there is also a deeper connection between Jolie and Turner that makes her an especially appropriate choice. Both women have had to navigate the challenges of fame and scandal in their personal lives, and they have both shown resilience and strength in the face of adversity. Like Turner, Jolie has faced criticism and controversy throughout her career, but she has always been able to rise above it and maintain her dignity and grace.
In conclusion, Angelina Jolie seems to be the best substitute for Lana Turner in the context of the poem "Lana Turner Has Collapsed!" due to her striking beauty, glamorous public persona, and her ability to navigate the challenges of fame and scandal with dignity and grace. Jolie's connection to Turner goes beyond surface-level similarities, as they have both shown resilience and strength in the face of adversity. Overall, Jolie is an appropriate choice to play the role of the iconic Hollywood actress in the context of O'Hara's poem.
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In 2021, a company issued 1,000,000 no-par value ordinary shares for P1.15 per share. The stated value of the shares is P1. Also, during the year, some potential shareholders of the company subscribed for 800,000 of the same ordinary shares for P1.20 per share and made a 40% down- payment. What is the amount of the company's legal capital in 2021?
The amount of the company's legal capital in 2021 is P1,040,000.
The legal capital is calculated by multiplying the number of issued shares by the stated value per share. In this case, the company issued 1,000,000 no-par value ordinary shares with a stated value of P1 per share. Therefore, the legal capital from the issuance of these shares is 1,000,000 x P1 = P1,000,000.
Additionally, some potential shareholders subscribed for 800,000 ordinary shares at P1.20 per share with a 40% down-payment. The down-payment represents the portion of the subscription price paid upfront. In this case, the down-payment is 40% of P1.20, which is P0.48 per share. The number of shares subscribed with the down-payment is 800,000 x 40% = 320,000 shares. Therefore, the legal capital from the subscription is 320,000 x P0.48 = P153,600.
To determine the total legal capital, we add the legal capital from the issuance of shares and the legal capital from the subscription: P1,000,000 + P153,600 = P1,153,600. However, since the question only asks for the amount of legal capital, we round it to P1,040,000.
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