Apple is an American multinational technology company that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services. Apple is in the technology sector and operates in the manufacture of smartphones, laptops, tablets, personal computers, and smartwatches.
Apple is the largest information technology company in the world by revenue and profit. Apple's financial performance in the past three years (2018-2020) has been impressive with revenue of $265.6 billion in 2018, $260.2 billion in 2019, and $274.5 billion in 2020. Apple has consistently maintained a high level of operating profits of $70.9 billion in 2018, $63.9 billion in 2019, and $63.9 billion in 2020.
SWOT Analysis
Strengths:
-Strong brand image
-Innovative products and designs
-Strong distribution channels
-Effective supply chain management
Weaknesses:
-Reliance on few products
-High cost structure
Opportunities:
-Growing demand for wearable technology
-Increasing demand in developing countries
-Expanding into new markets
Threats:
-Intense competition
-Rapid technological changes
PESTEL Analysis
Political factors:
-Different tax rates in different countries
-EU's regulatory framework
Economic factors:
-Global economic uncertainty
-Slowdown in the Chinese economy
-Currency fluctuations
Social factors:
-Changing lifestyles and preferences
-Demographic shifts
Technological factors:
-Rapid technological advances
-Increasing focus on automation
Environmental factors:
-Increasing focus on sustainable business practices
Legal factors:
-Intellectual property laws
-Labor laws
Strategic Business Issue
One of the strategic business issues faced by Apple is the decline in iPhone sales. Apple's iPhone sales have been declining in recent years, which has led to a decline in revenue. This issue can be attributed to various factors, such as increasing competition, a slowdown in the Chinese economy, and a lack of innovation. Apple's strategic decision to increase the prices of iPhones has also contributed to the decline in sales.
Impact of the Issue on Stakeholders
The decline in iPhone sales has a significant impact on Apple's stakeholders, such as shareholders, customers, suppliers, and employees. Shareholders have seen a decline in their returns on investment, and customers are now considering other brands due to high prices and lack of innovation.
Suppliers are also affected as they have to deal with the decrease in demand, while employees face uncertainty due to the decline in revenue.
The issue has strategic implications as it affects Apple's market share, revenue, and profitability. The decline in iPhone sales also threatens Apple's brand image, which is built on innovation and premium products.
The issue highlights the importance of innovation and diversification, which are essential in the technology industry.
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The purpose of this final paper is to demonstrate what you have learned in the course by applying its concepts to the analysis of a PR campaign. It is worth maximum 28 points, or 14% of your grade. Select a recent PR campaign which promotes an issue or existing good reputation of an organization or its products/services (rather than a campaign aimed at repairing damaged reputation after a crisis). You cannot use examples that we considered in the course for this assignment. Gather as much pertinent information as you can and analyze the campaign using the RPIE model. Apply other course concepts in your review as you deem relevant. Address the following questions: 1. What was the reason for the campaign? What research informed the campaign? Discuss external and/or internal factors relevant to the campaign. 2. What seems to be a goal and objective(s) of the campaign? Who was the primary public for the campaign? Describe their relevant characteristics. 3. How was the campaign implemented? What tactics were used? 4. How was the campaign evaluated? What do you believe went well? What could have been improved? Use the above questions as subheadings to organize your review in four sections. Include the list of references. Images related to the campaign can be inserted if needed. Your review must be between 700 and 900 words (excluding subheadings, list of references and images). Submit everything as a single Word or PDF file via Turnitin portal by 11:59pm PST on Thursday, 12/17. Late submissions will not be accepted.
Title: Analysis of L'Oreal's "Stand Up Against Street Harassment" PR Campaign
1. Reason for the campaign and research informing it:
L'Oreal's "Stand Up Against Street Harassment" campaign aimed to combat the culture of harassment in public spaces, particularly targeting women. The campaign was informed by research conducted by the NGO Hollaback!, which focused on street harassment in different countries. Hollaback!'s findings provided valuable insights into the prevalence and impact of street harassment, helping shape the campaign's messaging and approach. Additionally, the campaign aligned with L'Oreal's broader sustainability initiatives, which aimed to empower women and promote equality.
2. Goals and objectives of the campaign:
The primary goal of the "Stand Up Against Street Harassment" campaign was to raise awareness about the issue of street harassment and encourage action to address it. The campaign sought to empower women and create a supportive environment where they could stand up against harassment. The primary target audience for the campaign was women aged 18 to 45, as they represented a significant portion of L'Oreal's customer base. The campaign aimed to resonate with women who desired to be treated with respect and equity, aligning with L'Oreal's brand message.
3. Implementation and tactics used:
The campaign utilized various tactics to reach a wide audience. It involved a digital billboards campaign, print ads, posters, and a comprehensive social media strategy utilizing the hashtag #StandUpSpeakOut. The social media campaign aimed to engage users, encourage them to share personal stories, and raise awareness about the issue. L'Oreal developed a dedicated landing page for the campaign, providing resources and educational information on sexual harassment. This allowed individuals to access valuable content and take informed action.
4. Evaluation and areas for improvement:
The campaign's success was evaluated based on social media engagement metrics, including the number of shares, likes, and comments, as well as website traffic. The campaign generated over 3 million shares and 5 million likes, indicating a significant reach and impact. It successfully raised awareness of street harassment and encouraged women to speak up against it. However, areas for improvement include enhancing awareness of the different forms of harassment and providing a clear plan of action for victims. By incorporating more comprehensive educational resources and actionable steps, the campaign could have better supported individuals in addressing harassment situations effectively.
References:
1. McMahon, K., & Hough, J. (2020). Identifying successful public relations campaigns. Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1-8.
2. Ramachandran, R., & Chua, A. Y. K. (2019). Motivations for engaging with cause-related marketing and its effects on brand trust. Journal of Business Research, 98, 422-432.
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Consider the following information about a non-dividend paying stock.
$55
Current Stock Price St Return Standard Deviation Dividend Rate Risk-free Rate (continuously compounded)
40% per year
0% per year 6% per year
a. A call option written on the non-dividend paying stock above expires in 6 months (0.5 year) and has an exercise price of $50. Calculate the Black-Scholes price of the call option using the cumulative normal distribution table with arguments rounded to two decimal places (Table on p.34 of Chapter 15-16 Lecture Slides or Table 16-2 on p.523 of the textbook).
(8 marks)
b. A put option written on the same stock with the same exercise price and expiry as the call option above is also trading. Based on the call price you calculated in a), what should be the price of the put option to be consistent with the put-call parity condition?
(3 marks)
c. Suppose that the call option is trading at the price you calculated in part a) but the put option is currently trading at $4. Design an arbitrage strategy to exploit the violation of put-call parity assuming you can freely buy and short-sell the underlying stock, risk-free bond yielding the risk-free rate, the call option, and the put option.
(3 marks)
d. Show the initial and terminal cash flows from each position of the strategy and briefly explain why it is an arbitrage based on the combined (summed) cash flows.
(
To calculate the Black-Scholes price of the call option, we can use the following formula:
C = S * N(d1) - X * e^(-rT) * N(d2)
Where:
C = Call option price
S = Current stock price
N = Cumulative normal distribution function
d1 = (ln(S/X) + (r + (σ^2)/2) * T) / (σ * sqrt(T))
d2 = d1 - σ * sqrt(T)
X = Exercise price of the option
r = Risk-free rate
T = Time to expiration
σ = Standard deviation of stock returns
Using the given information, we can calculate the Black-Scholes price of the call option:
S = $55
X = $50
r = 6% = 0.06 (continuously compounded)
T = 0.5 years
σ = 40% = 0.4
Calculating d1:
d1 = (ln(55/50) + (0.06 + (0.4^2)/2) * 0.5) / (0.4 * sqrt(0.5)) ≈ 0.667
Calculating d2:
d2 = 0.667 - 0.4 * sqrt(0.5) ≈ 0.456
Using the cumulative normal distribution table, we can find N(d1) ≈ 0.747 and N(d2) ≈ 0.675.
Plugging the values into the Black-Scholes formula:
C = 55 * 0.747 - 50 * e^(-0.06 * 0.5) * 0.675 ≈ $7.29
Therefore, the Black-Scholes price of the call option is approximately $7.29.
b. According to put-call parity, the price of a put option (P) should be related to the price of a call option (C) by the following equation:
P + X * e^(-rT) = C + S
Plugging in the values from part a:
P + 50 * e^(-0.06 * 0.5) = 7.29 + 55
P + 50 * e^(-0.03) = 7.29 + 55
P + 50 * 0.9704 = 7.29 + 55
P + 48.52 = 62.29
P ≈ $13.77
Therefore, the price of the put option should be approximately $13.77 to be consistent with the put-call parity condition.
c. Since the put option is currently trading at $4 but the price calculated in part b is $13.77, there is an arbitrage opportunity. Here's an arbitrage strategy to exploit the violation of put-call parity:
Buy the call option for $7.29.
Short-sell the underlying stock for $55.
Borrow $55 at the risk-free rate (6%).
Buy the put option for $4.
d. Initial cash flows:
Buy the call option: -$7.29
Short-sell the stock: +$55
Borrow at the risk-free rate: +$55
Buy the put option: -$4
Terminal cash flows:
Call option expires worthless: $0
Stock repurchased to cover short position: -$55
Repay the borrowed amount: -$55
Put option expires in-the-money: +$50
By summing the terminal cash flows, we get:
$0 - $55 - $55 + $50
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Keith is an employee of a real estate company. He has negotiated car benefits with his employer. Keith was provided with the car for the period 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2022. The leased car value was $36,000 on 1 April 2021, and the car had only been leased for a year at that time. Keith is required to pay for any petrol and other maintenance costs, which he has determined to be $1,600 for the period.
Advise Keith’s employer as to the FBT consequences (using statutory formula method) arising out of the use of the car.
The Fringe Benefits Tax (FBT) consequences of Keith's employer arising out of the use of the car are that the employer will have to pay a tax that is equivalent to 20% of the grossed-up value of the car, as per the statutory formula method. The taxable value of the car will be calculated as 20% x (36,000 x 1.2) = $8,640. Thus, the employer will be required to pay an FBT of 20% x $8,640 = $1,728.
Explanation:Keith has a car that he has been provided with by his employer, a real estate company. The car was leased for the period between 1 April 2021 and 31 March 2022. When calculating the FBT consequences arising out of the use of the car by Keith, the taxable value of the car must be determined. This can be done by using the statutory formula method, which is used to calculate the FBT on all cars that have been provided by employers.
The statutory formula method requires that the grossed-up value of the car be multiplied by the FBT rate (currently 20%). The grossed-up value of the car is the actual value of the car multiplied by a factor that takes into account the GST credits and the availability of a tax deduction for the employer. In this case, the grossed-up value of the car is calculated as 36,000 x 1.2 = $43,200.The taxable value of the car is therefore 20% x $43,200 = $8,640. The FBT rate is 20%, which means that the employer will be required to pay an FBT of 20% x $8,640 = $1,728. This is the FBT consequence arising out of the use of the car by Keith during the period 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2022.
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During March 2020, ABC engaged in the following transactions: a. ABC received cash of $40,000 from David R. and issued common stock to David. b. The business paid $20,000 cash to acquire a truck. c. The business purchased supplies costing $1,800 on account. d. The business painted a house for a client and received $3,000 cash. e. The business painted a house for a client for $4,000. The client agreed to pay next week. f. The business paid $800 cash toward the supplies purchased in transaction c. g. The business paid employee salaries of $1,000 in cash. h. The business paid cash dividends of $1,500. i. The business collected $2,600 from the client in transaction e. j. David paid $200 cash for personal groceries.
During March 2020, ABC engaged in the following transactions:a. Received cash of $40,000 from David R. and issued common stock to David. The business receives money as an owner's equity, and the issuance of stock affects the balance sheet.
Paid $20,000 cash to acquire a truck. The cash payment affected the cash flow and the acquisition of the truck is an asset that affects the balance sheet. c. Purchased supplies costing $1,800 on account.
The supplies are considered as an asset on the balance sheet, and the account payable affects the liability section of the balance sheet. d. Painted a house for a client and received $3,000 cash.
The cash payment affected the cash flow, and the house painting is a service that does not affect the balance sheet. e. Painted a house for a client for $4,000. The client agreed to pay next week.
The service that ABC provided will be considered as an account receivable on the balance sheet. f. Paid $800 cash towards the supplies purchased in transaction.
This transaction will affect the cash flow of the business and the account payable for the supplies. g. Paid employee salaries of $1,000 in cash.
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How do the traders at the New York Fed OMO carry out their
directives?
The traders at the New York Fed OMO carry out their directives by implementing monetary policy to influence the economy, targeting the federal funds rate, and managing the Federal Reserve's balance sheet.
The New York Fed OMO traders are responsible for implementing monetary policy on behalf of the Federal Reserve. The goal of monetary policy is to influence economic conditions by targeting the federal funds rate, which is the interest rate at which banks lend reserve balances to each other overnight.In carrying out their directives, the traders at the New York Fed OMO engage in open market operations (OMOs), which involve buying or selling government securities to change the supply of reserves in the banking system.
When the Fed buys securities, it injects reserves into the banking system, increasing the supply of money, and putting downward pressure on short-term interest rates. When the Fed sells securities, it removes reserves from the banking system, decreasing the supply of money, and putting upward pressure on short-term interest rates.
The New York Fed OMO traders also manage the Federal Reserve's balance sheet, which includes assets such as Treasury securities, mortgage-backed securities, and loans to banks. Overall, the traders at the New York Fed OMO carry out their directives by using OMOs and managing the Fed's balance sheet to influence the economy, targeting the federal funds rate, and other financial market variables.
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Gold is a product of great value and is highly in demand. Based
on your study of elasticity, explain the value of elasticity of
gold?
The value of elasticity of gold refers to the responsiveness of the quantity demanded or supplied of gold to changes in its price. Understanding the elasticity of gold is important in assessing how changes in price affect its demand and supply.
If the demand for gold is relatively inelastic, it means that changes in price have a limited impact on the quantity demanded. In this case, consumers are less sensitive to price changes, and their demand for gold remains relatively stable even when prices fluctuate. Gold is often considered a luxury good and a store of value, so even if its price increases, the demand may not decrease significantly. Therefore, the value of elasticity for gold would be less than 1, indicating a relatively inelastic demand.
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Crane Company purchased a new machine on October 1, 2022, at a cost of $72,100. The company estimated that the machine has a salvage value of $4,900. The machine is expected to be used for 64,000 working hours during its 10-year life. Compute depreciation using the following methods in the year indicated. Declining-balance using double the straight-line rate for 2022 and 2023. 2022 2023 Depreciation using the Declining-balance method $ $ X Your answer is incorrect. Calculate the depreciation cost per hour. (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. $1.25) Depreciation cost per hour $ Units-of-activity for 2022, assuming machine usage was 450 hours. (Round answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,275.) Depreciation using the Units-of-activity method for 2022 $
The depreciation using the units-of-activity method for 2022 is $472.50.
To calculate the depreciation cost per hour, determine the depreciable cost of the machine first. The depreciable cost is the cost of the machine minus the estimated salvage value.
Depreciable Cost = Cost of the machine - Salvage Value
Depreciable Cost = $72,100 - $4,900
Depreciable Cost = $67,200
Next, calculate the depreciation cost per hour:
Depreciation Cost per Hour = Depreciable Cost / Total Estimated Working Hours
Depreciation Cost per Hour = $67,200 / 64,000
Depreciation Cost per Hour = $1.05 per hour
Therefore, the depreciation cost per hour is $1.05.
Now, let's calculate the units-of-activity depreciation for 2022. Assuming machine usage was 450 hours:
Depreciation using Units-of-Activity Method = Depreciation Cost per Hour * Actual Machine Usage Hours
Depreciation using Units-of-Activity Method = $1.05 * 450
Depreciation using Units-of-Activity Method = $472.50
Therefore, the depreciation using the units-of-activity method for 2022 is $472.50.
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Scenario:
Finally! You decide that you are going to go on a holiday. You know there is a travel agent around the corner and they have only recently opened up again. You want to support the small businesses that have been able to survive the lockdowns during the pandemic so you decide to visit the travel agent to see what they suggest. You have never used a travel agent before. You have only ever arranged your flights and accommodation online. But you keep an open mind and decide to visit tomorrow.
Question A: Starting with a 3 circles service product infographic, describe the core, supplementary and augmented service products that your travel agent offers.
Question B: While you are at the travel agent, you think of another two supplementary services that you wish they had to offer. As part of your description and discussion of the service product, discuss these two new services and also why you think these would be great additions for you.
Language translation services and guided tours would be great additions to the travel agent's supplementary services. They would enhance the customer experience and make the travel planning process more convenient.
A. The 3-circle service product model is a tool used by marketers to better understand a product's value proposition. In the case of the travel agent scenario, the core service is arranging transportation and accommodation for customers. This is the primary service that the travel agent offers, and it's what the customer is ultimately paying for.
Supplementary services are those that support the core service and enhance the customer experience. The first supplementary service offered by the travel agent is helping customers to plan their itinerary. They can suggest popular tourist destinations, provide tips for traveling in certain areas, and help customers plan their schedule so that they can see and do as much as possible during their trip.
The second supplementary service offered by the travel agent is helping customers to secure visas and travel insurance. These are both essential components of international travel that can be difficult to navigate alone. By offering visa and travel insurance services, the travel agent can make the travel planning process more convenient for the customer.
Finally, augmented services are those that differentiate the product from competitors. One augmented service that the travel agent offers is personalized customer service. Unlike online booking platforms, a travel agent can provide one-on-one support to customers and help them to resolve any issues that may arise during their trip.
B. Two additional supplementary services that the travel agent could offer are language translation services and guided tours. Language translation services would be beneficial for customers who are traveling to foreign countries where English is not the primary language. By offering translation services, the travel agent can help these customers to communicate more effectively with locals, navigate transportation systems, and get the most out of their trip.
Guided tours are another supplementary service that would benefit customers who are traveling to new destinations. By offering guided tours, the travel agent can help customers to explore their destination more fully. Guided tours can be tailored to the customer's interests and can provide a more personalized experience than self-guided tours.
In conclusion, language translation services and guided tours would be great additions to the travel agent's supplementary services. They would enhance the customer experience and make the travel planning process more convenient.
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During the 2020 campaign, Joe Biden proposed raising income taxes on those earning more than $400,000 per year and raising corporate taxes from about 21 percent to 28 percent. Joe Biden - Wikipedia Consider the aggregate demand-aggregate supply diagram below, which represents the macroeconomy. Suppose the market is initially at an equilibrium at point A. What effect will a tax increase have on this economy?
Potential GDP will decrease.
Actual and potential GDP will remain unchanged.
Actual GDP will decrease.
Actual and potential GDP will decrease.
A tax increase, as proposed by Joe Biden, would have a negative effect on the macroeconomy represented in the aggregate demand-aggregate supply diagram. Specifically, it would result in a decrease in both actual and potential GDP.
When taxes are increased on high-income earners and corporations, it reduces the disposable income available for consumption and investment. This decrease in disposable income leads to a decrease in consumption and investment expenditures, shifting the aggregate demand (AD) curve to the left. As a result, the economy moves from the initial equilibrium point A to a new equilibrium point where both actual and potential GDP decrease.
The decrease in actual GDP occurs because the reduced consumption and investment expenditure leads to a decrease in overall output and production. The decrease in potential GDP occurs because the economy operates below its full capacity due to the decrease in investment, which affects the long-term productive capacity of the economy.
In summary, a tax increase proposed by Joe Biden would result in a decrease in both actual and potential GDP in the macroeconomy. This is due to the negative impact on consumption and investment expenditures, leading to a leftward shift in the aggregate demand curve and a decrease in overall economic output.
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Case 1 - When the Boss Doesn't Like Her
What is the ethical issue in the case study?
• Who are the stakeholders/parties involved in the situation?
• Which, if any, federal regulations might be associated with the situation?
• What are the possible courses of action you could take to resolve the situation?
• What are the potential problems associated with each course of action you could take?
• Which possible course of action do you think is the best choice?
• Which ethics theory or theories did you find most useful in deciding on a course of action? Why?
Anna is the office manager for a Grocery Distribution warehouse in Ft. Myers, Fla. Anna's facility is part of a large Atlanta-based conglomerate that wholesales and distributes gourmet specialty food products throughout the southeastern United States. Anna's been at Grocery Distribution for four years, starting as an administrative assistant in the sales department. She was promoted to office manager 18 months ago and reports directly to the district manager, Justin. Anna likes her job. She enjoys her co-workers and hopes to make a long-term career at Grocery Distribution. As a single parent of two young daughters, she was delighted with the salary increase that came with her promotion. Justin is a new district manager for the Ft. Myers facility. He has made some changes in the structure of the organization, which, for the most part, have been well received by the staff. Janet is the receptionist. She works at the front desk, greeting visitors, scheduling appointments and taking care of the mail. Anna is Janet's supervisor. Janet recently went through a difficult divorce, and now that she lives alone, Anna knows that Janet struggles to make ends meet on her receptionist's salary. Outside of work, Janet is active in community theatre. At Janet's most recent opening night, Anna and several other Grocery Distribution employees were in the front row of the theatre cheering on Janet's starring performance. Janet had some rough patches during the divorce, when she was understandably distracted, but overall, Anna is pleased with Janet's work. Janet has received positive performance appraisals. Justin does not like Janet. He claims that she is careless and makes far too many mistakes, and with her casual attire, she doesn't "look good" at the front desk. "Besides," he says, "she's not really that interested in her job. That community theatre thing takes way too much of her time." When Janet asked to take the morning off the day after her opening night, Justin commented that now she's undependable and insisted that Anna talk to Janet about it, even though Janet seldom misses work and her absence that morning was easily covered by other staff. Friday morning, Anna is called into Justin's office. It has been a busy week because Justin is getting ready to leave for a two-week vacation. Several projects must be completed or offloaded to other staff before he leaves. It was decided that Anna would take care of some of Justin's projects while he is gone, and she is confident things will go well in his absence. While Anna is gathering up her papers at the end of the meeting, Justin says, "There's just one more thing, Anna. While I'm gone, I want you to document Janet's poor performance and write up an appraisal on her. Have the paperwork on my desk and ready for me to sign when I get back, and then you can terminate her. I want her out of here within the next 30 days." Case 1: When the Boss Doesn't Like Her © 2010 Society for Human Resource Management. Myrna L. Gusdorf, MBA, SPHR 9 Anna is stunned. She knows Justin dislikes Janet, but she is not sure how she can document Janet's "poor" performance because she believes Janet is a good employee. Any time she has talked to Janet about Justin's concerns, Janet has tried to improve. Janet knows Justin does not like her, and she has made it clear to Anna that if Justin has any problems with her work, she wants to know immediately so she can correct the problem. "I don't want to lose my job," she's told Anna. Anna wonders what to do. Grocery Distribution has a published Code of Ethics, and there is an HR department at headquarters in Atlanta, but there is no HR representative at Anna's facility in Ft. Myers. What would you recommend to Anna? What consequences may occur as the result of her actions?
Ethical Issue: The ethical issue in the case study is the potential request by the boss, Justin, for Anna to document Janet's "poor" performance and terminate her based on personal bias rather than valid reasons.
Stakeholders/Parties Involved:
- Office manager and Janet's supervisor.
2. Janet - Receptionist who is targeted for termination.3. Justin - District manager who wants Janet to be terminated based on personal bias.
4. Employees of Grocery Distribution - They may be affected by the work environment and the potential termination of Janet.
Federal Regulations:There are no specific federal regulations mentioned in the case study.
Possible Courses of Action:
1. Document and terminate Janet as instructed by Justin.2. Refuse to document and terminate Janet, expressing concerns about Justin's bias.
3. Seek guidance from the HR department at headquarters in Atlanta.4. Advocate for Janet by discussing the situation with other senior leaders or seeking legal advice.
Potential Problems:
1. Documenting and terminating Janet without valid reasons can lead to unfair treatment and potential legal consequences.2. Refusing Justin's request may strain Anna's relationship with him and create a hostile work environment.
3. Seeking guidance from the HR department may take time and could result in limited support due to the absence of an HR representative at the facility.4. Advocating for Janet may create tension with Justin and other employees who support his decision.
Best Choice of Action:
The best choice would be for Anna to refuse to document and terminate Janet based on Justin's personal bias. Anna should express her concerns about fairness, the lack of valid reasons, and potential legal implications. Seeking guidance from the HR department or higher management would be advisable to ensure a fair and ethical resolution.
Ethics Theory:The ethics theory that can be most useful in deciding on a course of action is deontological ethics. Anna should consider her moral duties and principles of fairness, honesty, and treating employees with respect. By refusing to comply with an unethical request and advocating for fair treatment, Anna upholds these principles and prioritizes the well-being of Janet and the ethical standards of the organization.
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In deciding whether an invention, is, or is not, patentable as being contrary to public order under s15, the Commissioner:
Select one:
a. May approve an invention that is a process for modifying the germline genetic identity of human beings
b. May seek advice from the Maori advisory committee
c. May approve an invention that is a process for cloning human beings
While the Commissioner may seek advice from various sources, including expert committees, the ultimate decision on whether an invention is contrary to public order lies with the Commissioner. It is expected that the Commissioner would adhere to established legal principles, ethical standards, and societal norms in determining the patentability of inventions.
In deciding whether an invention is, or is not, patentable as being contrary to public order under section 15, the Commissioner does not have the authority to approve an invention that is a process for modifying the germline genetic identity of human beings or a process for cloning human beings. These types of inventions raise profound ethical, social, and legal concerns, and they are generally considered to go against public order and morality.
The purpose of the provision is to ensure that patent protection is not granted to inventions that have detrimental effects on society or violate commonly accepted moral principles. In the case of modifying germline genetic identity or cloning human beings, the potential risks and ethical implications are significant.
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For each of the following accounts, indicate whether a debit or credit is used to increase (+) or decrease (-) the balance of the account. Account Debit Credit (a) Common Stock (b) Liability (c) Asset (d) Revenue (e) Dividend (f) Retained Earnings (g) Expense
Debit and Credit are the two essential terms used in accounting. They affect various accounts differently, which is why they are important. When it comes to determining the increase (+) or decrease (-) of an account's balance, debit and credit play a critical role. Let's discuss this in detail below:Account TypesTo increase or decrease an account, different accounts use different methods.
Debit and Credit are the two essential terms used in accounting. They affect various accounts differently, which is why they are important. When it comes to determining the increase (+) or decrease (-) of an account's balance, debit and credit play a critical role. Let's discuss this in detail below:Account TypesTo increase or decrease an account, different accounts use different methods. The following accounts are important to consider:Common Stock: To increase the common stock account, you need to use a credit. To decrease it, you should use a debit. Liability: To increase a liability account, use a credit. To decrease it, use a debit. Asset: To increase an asset account, you need to use a debit. To decrease it, use a credit. Revenue: To increase a revenue account, use a credit. To decrease it, use a debit. Dividend: To increase a dividend account, use a debit. To decrease it, use a credit. Retained Earnings: To increase a retained earnings account, use a credit. To decrease it, use a debit. Expense: To increase an expense account, use a debit. To decrease it, use a credit.More than 100 words:In accounting, debit and credit are important terms. Different accounts use different methods to increase or decrease their balances. A debit is used to increase the balance of an asset account and decrease the balance of a liability account. However, a credit is used to increase the balance of a liability account and decrease the balance of an asset account. When it comes to common stock, a credit is used to increase the account balance, while a debit is used to decrease the balance. Similarly, a credit is used to increase a revenue account, while a debit is used to decrease it. In contrast, a debit is used to increase an expense account, while a credit is used to decrease it. Finally, a credit is used to increase a retained earnings account, while a debit is used to decrease it. In summary, debit and credit play a crucial role in accounting, and knowing when to use them to increase or decrease an account's balance is essential.
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Question III Lay-Z-Sofa Inc., whose fiscal year ends on December 31, is in the business of selling sofas. In 2021, Lay-Z-Sofa Inc. engaged in the following transactions: 1. On January 29, XYZ Corporation sold chairs to Customer A for $175,000 of which $22,000 was received in cash and the rest on account; terms 5/15, n/40 2. On February 3, Customer A paid the account balance in full. 3. On May 18, XYZ Corporate sold chairs to Customer B at an invoice price of $10,500 (total); terms 3/10, n/120 4. On June 15, XYZ Corporation finds that Customer B went bankrupt. 5. On August 20, XYZ Corporation learns that the Customer B reorganized itself and is now able to pay back $3,000. 6. On December 31, XYZ Corporation estimates that $10,000 of outstanding receivables are uncollectible. Additional information: 1. The beginning balance of Allowance for Bad Debt for FY 2021 was $3,000. 2. Please ignore the cost of goods sold. Required: a. Provide the required journal entries for the above transactions assuming that Lay-Z-Sofa Inc. follows the allowance method. b. Provide the required journal entries for the above transactions assuming that Lay-Z-Sofa Inc. follows the specific write-off method.
a. Journal Entries for the allowance method The allowance method is an accounting method that involves establishing an account that reduces the value of accounts receivable and an offsetting account that records the estimated bad debts.
Using the allowance method, the journal entries are as follows:1. On January 29, 2021:Accounts receivable 153,000Sales revenue 153,0002. On February 3, 2021:Cash 153,000Accounts receivable 153,0003. On May 18, 2021:Accounts receivable 10,500Sales revenue 10,5004. On June 15, 2021:No entry5. On August 20, 2021:Cash 3,000Allowance for doubtful accounts 3,0006. On December 31, 2021:Bad debt expense 10,000Allowance for doubtful accounts 10,000
b. Journal Entries for the specific write-off methodThe specific write-off method records the actual bad debts incurred, and the journal entries are as follows:1. On January 29, 2021:Accounts receivable 153,000Sales revenue 153,0002. On February 3, 2021:Cash 153,000Accounts receivable 153,0003. On May 18, 2021:Accounts receivable 10,500Sales revenue 10,5004. On June 15, 2021:Allowance for doubtful accounts 10,500Accounts receivable 10,5005. On August 20, 2021:Cash 3,000Accounts receivable 3,0006. On December 31, 2021:No entry
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Explain seven differences in organizational structure give advantages and disadvantages as well
Organizational structure refers to how a company arranges its employees, tasks, and resources to achieve its goals. There are various types of organizational structures: Functional, Divisional, Matrix, Flat, Hierarchical, Team-Based & Network Structure. The differences in organizational structure impact how employees are grouped.
Here are seven differences in organizational structures:
1. Functional Structure: In a functional structure, employees are grouped by their specialized functions, such as marketing, finance, or operations. This allows for clear lines of authority and expertise but may result in slower decision-making and communication across departments.
2. Divisional Structure: A divisional structure groups employees based on products, services, or geographic regions. This structure promotes flexibility and responsiveness to local needs but can lead to duplication of resources and limited sharing of knowledge.
3. Matrix Structure: The matrix structure combines functional and divisional structures, creating dual reporting lines. It fosters collaboration and resource utilization but can cause role ambiguity and conflicts of authority.
4. Flat Structure: In a flat structure, there are few or no layers of management, resulting in a wide span of control and decentralized decision-making. It promotes agility and quick decision-making but may lead to overburdened managers and lack of hierarchical guidance.
5. Hierarchical Structure: A hierarchical structure has multiple layers of management with clear lines of authority. It provides clear career paths and centralized control but may result in bureaucracy and slower response times.
6. Team-Based Structure: In a team-based structure, employees are organized into self-managing teams that handle specific projects or functions. This encourages collaboration, innovation, and employee empowerment but can lead to coordination challenges and potential conflicts within teams.
7. Network Structure: A network structure relies on strategic alliances, partnerships, and outsourcing to perform various functions. It allows for flexibility, cost savings, and access to specialized expertise but can lead to a loss of control and coordination difficulties.
In summary, the differences in organizational structure impact how employees are grouped and how authority and decision-making flow within a company. Each structure has its own advantages and disadvantages, which should be carefully considered based on the organization's goals, industry, and size to determine the most suitable structure for achieving success.
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a homeowner was having financial trouble and was worried about having enough money to pay the mortgage. instead of falling behind, the homeowner met with a representative from the mortgage company servicing the loan. as a result, the mortgage payments are lower, and the homeowner is no longer at risk of missing a payment. which one of the following options could be a reason the payments are now lower?
One of the possible reasons why the mortgage payments are now lower after the homeowner met with a representative from the mortgage company servicing the loan is that the mortgage terms have been modified.
What is loan modification?
Loan modification refers to a process where the terms of an existing loan are changed to make it more affordable for the borrower. This is usually done when a borrower is experiencing financial hardship and is having difficulty keeping up with their loan payments. There are a variety of ways that a loan can be modified, including:
Reducing the interest rate on the loan
Extending the term of the loan
Reducing the amount of principal owed on the loan
Changing the type of loan from an adjustable-rate mortgage to a fixed-rate mortgage
What are the benefits of loan modification?
The primary benefit of loan modification is that it can help borrowers who are struggling financially to keep their homes. By reducing the monthly payments on a mortgage, loan modification can make it more affordable for homeowners to stay current on their loan payments and avoid foreclosure.
In addition to helping borrowers stay in their homes, loan modification can also have other benefits. For example, by reducing the interest rate on a mortgage, borrowers can save money over the life of the loan. By extending the term of the loan, borrowers can also reduce their monthly payments, making it easier to keep up with their expenses.
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Why hasn't wide scale standardization 'worked' in health care
the way it has in other high-risk fields? Suggest ways to
standardize patient care across the globe. [10 marks]j
Wide scale standardization in health care has not "worked" the way it has in other high-risk fields because of several factors. Despite the fact that medicine is a science, the human body is unpredictable and frequently differs from patient to patient.
Furthermore, standardization may be difficult due to cultural and ethical differences, as well as a lack of consensus on how to define and measure the quality of care. Suggest ways to standardize patient care across the globe: Patient care can be standardized across the globe by implementing the following steps: Standardization of clinical processes: Standardization of clinical processes improves quality, reduces variation, and can help to avoid errors.
Clinical procedures may be standardized by using validated guidelines based on up-to-date research and shared decision-making. Evidence-based guidelines may also help to minimize variation in diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.Invest in education: Education is an essential part of standardizing care.
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Discuss the importance of a Tourism Master. Identify any
challenges to the current master plan for your selected destination
and recommend any needed improvements.
A Tourism Master Plan is essential for destination management, but challenges may arise. Recommendations for improvement can address sustainability, infrastructure, and stakeholder engagement.
A Tourism Master Plan plays a crucial role in destination management by providing a comprehensive framework for sustainable tourism development. It helps guide the growth, infrastructure, and marketing strategies of a destination. The plan should consider factors such as visitor experience, environmental impact, community engagement, and economic benefits.
Challenges to the current master plan for a destination can vary but may include issues such as inadequate infrastructure, overcrowding, environmental degradation, and insufficient stakeholder collaboration. For instance, a destination might face challenges related to carrying capacity, where the influx of tourists exceeds the destination's ability to manage the impacts effectively.
To address these challenges, improvements to the master plan can focus on enhancing sustainability measures, such as promoting responsible tourism practices, managing visitor flows, and protecting natural and cultural resources. Additionally, infrastructure development to support tourism needs, including transportation, accommodation, and facilities, should be considered.
Engaging with stakeholders, including local communities, businesses, and government authorities, is vital for successful implementation. Continuous monitoring, evaluation, and adaptability of the master plan are also crucial to ensure its effectiveness in meeting evolving tourism demands and addressing emerging challenges.
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IdealProtect Limited (IdealProtect) has been an audit client of Celestia & Associates (C&A) for the past 15 years. IdealProtect is based in Toowoomba, where it manufactures high-tech armour-plated personnel carriers. IdealProtect often has to go through a competitive market tender process to win large government contracts. Its main product, the small but powerful Territory Grappler, is highly specialised and IdealProtect does business only with nations that have a recognised, democratically elected government. IdealProtect maintains a highly secure environment because of the sensitive and confidential nature of its vehicle designs and its clients.
Myah Roberts has been the engagement partner on the IdealProtect audit for the last five years. Myah is a specialist in auditing clients in the defence industry and intends to remain as review partner when the audit is rotated next year to a new partner (Theo Luna, who is to be promoted to partner to enable him to sign-off on the audit).
The board of IdealProtect is considering issuing half-yearly financial reports in addition to its full-year financial reports and has approached the audit partner, Myah Roberts, to discuss the possibility of engaging the firm to discuss the audit implications. Myah suggests that C&A could review the half-yearly financial reports.
IdealProtect’s end of financial year is 30 June.
Required
Discuss the expectations gap that could exist for the audit of IdealProtect. Consider the existence of any special interests of the users of IdealProtect’s financial reports.
Expectations gap in auditing is a situation where there are differences between what auditors deliver and what users of audited financial statements competative tenders expect from them. The gap exists because users tend to have unrealistic expectations.
That extend beyond the auditors' roles and responsibilities in the financial statement audit process.Interest in auditing refers to a significant stake in the financial statements or the organization that is being audited. An interest in auditing may exist where an individual or organization relies on audited financial statements in decision-making, or they stand to benefit from the audit's outcome. There could be an expectations gap for the audit of Ideal Product, due to the following reasons. Myah Roberts, the audit partner, who has been involved in auditing the company for five years, is a specialist in the defense industry and has an interest in the company. This interest might affect her independence and objectivity when conducting the audit.
The board of IdealProtect may expect that the audit would provide assurance that the half-yearly financial reports have no errors or misstatements. This expectation is unrealistic because audits are conducted on a sample basis, which means it is possible for errors and misstatements to exist but not be detected by the auditor. Thus, an expectations gap might arise from the board's expectation that the audit provides a guarantee of the half-yearly financial reports’ accuracy.Users of IdealProtect’s financial statements, such as potential investors, might expect that the auditors would detect all fraud and irregularities.
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T/F
In a common-sized income statement, 100% is the
False. In a common-sized income statement, 100% is not the main answer. The main answer in a common-sized income statement is typically represented as a percentage of net sales or total revenue.
The purpose of a common-sized income statement is to analyze the relative proportions of different expense and income categories in relation to net sales or total revenue. By expressing each line item as a percentage of net sales, it allows for better comparison and understanding of the company's financial performance and cost structure over time or in comparison to other companies. It helps identify trends, spot areas of concern, and make informed decisions based on the relative importance of different expense categories.
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the
takt time is 13 minutes , and the cycle time is 49 minutes, how
many people do you need to complete the process?
To determine the number of people needed to complete the process, we can use the concept of the takt time and cycle time.
The takt time represents the available time per unit, which is 13 minutes in this case. It is the maximum time allowed to produce one unit to meet customer demand.
The cycle time, on the other hand, represents the time it takes to complete one unit of the process, which is 49 minutes in this case.
To calculate the number of people needed, we divide the cycle time by the takt time:
Number of People = Cycle Time / Takt Time
Number of People = 49 minutes / 13 minutes
Number of People ≈ 3.77
Since we cannot have a fraction of a person, we would round up to the nearest whole number. Therefore, you would need 4 people to complete the process.
Please note that this calculation assumes that each person works at the same pace and efficiency and that there are no other factors affecting the process.
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If a check correctly written and paid by the bank for $649 is incorrectly recorded on the company's books for $694, the appropriate treatment on the bank reconciliation would be to deduct $649 from the book's balance. add $45 to the book's balance. subtract $45 from the book's balance. O deduct $45 from the bank's balance.
If a check correctly written and paid by the bank for $649 is incorrectly recorded on the company's books for $694, the appropriate treatment on the bank reconciliation would be to subtract $45 from the book's balance.
Bank Reconciliation refers to the process of comparing and matching an individual’s cash account records with the bank's records of an account holder's account. The reconciliation process is a critical tool that assists in the identification of any differences between the bank balance and the book balance. Bank reconciliations are performed periodically, mostly monthly, and adjustments are made for any discrepancies found. In this case, the amount of the check that is incorrectly recorded is $694-$649 = $45.
Therefore, the appropriate treatment on the bank reconciliation would be to subtract $45 from the book's balance. Hence, the option that correctly states the treatment for the bank reconciliation is to subtract $45 from the book's balance.
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Consider the following tax structure:
Income Bracket Marginal Tax Rate
$0-$3,000 0%
$3,000 $40.000 20%
> $40.000 30%
a. Mr. Smith has an income of $90,000 per annum. Calculate his tax bill for the year: $_____
b. What is his average tax rate? ____ % (Round to two decimal places.)
c. What is his highest marginal tax rate? _______%
a. Mr. Smith's tax bill for the year is $19,000. b. His average tax rate is 21.11%. c. His highest marginal tax rate is 30%.
a. To calculate Mr. Smith's tax bill, we need to determine the tax amount for each income bracket and sum them up. For the first bracket ($0-$3,000) with a 0% tax rate, the tax is $0. For the second bracket ($3,000-$40,000) with a 20% tax rate, the taxable income is $40,000 - $3,000 = $37,000, and the tax amount is 20% of $37,000, which is $7,400. For the third bracket (> $40,000) with a 30% tax rate, the taxable income is $90,000 - $40,000 = $50,000, and the tax amount is 30% of $50,000, which is $15,000. Summing up these amounts gives a tax bill of $0 + $7,400 + $15,000 = $22,400.
b. The average tax rate is calculated by dividing the total tax paid by the total income. In this case, the total tax paid is $22,400, and the total income is $90,000. So, the average tax rate is ($22,400 / $90,000) * 100 = 24.89%.
c. The highest marginal tax rate is given in the tax structure as 30%. This rate applies to the income exceeding $40,000, which is the portion of Mr. Smith's income that falls into the third tax bracket. Therefore, his highest marginal tax rate is 30%.
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The following is a chart of sales for used cars at ACME Used Cars over the last 6 weeks:
Week 1 : 22
Week 2 : 15
Week 3 : 36
Week 4 : 25
Week 5 : 28
Week 6 : 34.
During week 2, a severe thunderstorm caused a power outage in much of the area.
As a result, between weeks 1 and 2, sales declined by______ %. (Enter your response rounded to one decimal place.)
To calculate the percentage decline in sales between weeks 1 and 2, we need to determine the difference between the sales in those two weeks and then calculate the percentage change.
The severe thunderstorm during week 2 caused a power outage, which had a significant impact on sales at ACME Used Cars. To determine the percentage decline in sales between weeks 1 and 2, we calculated the difference in sales between those two weeks. The sales in week 1 were 22, and the sales in week 2 were 15, resulting in a decrease of 7 units. To express this decline as a percentage, we used the formula for percentage change: (Change in sales / Sales in Week 1) * 100.
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Supply curves describe:
A. The relationship between price and quantity supplied of a good
B. The relationship between income and quantity supplied of a good
C. Willingness to accept for each unit of a good
D. The relationship between price and quantity demanded of a good
E. Both A & C are correct
F. Both B & C are correct.
The correct answer is A. Supply curves describe the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity supplied of that good. A supply curve illustrates the quantity of a good or service that producers are willing and able to supply at different price levels.
It shows the positive relationship between price and quantity supplied, indicating that as the price of a good increases, producers are generally willing to supply more of that good. Option B is incorrect because supply curves do not depict the relationship between income and quantity supplied. Income is typically considered a determinant of demand rather than supply. Option C is also incorrect as the willingness to accept for each unit of a good is more relevant to the concept of supply elasticity rather than supply curves.
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organize the data into frequency distribution ?(round your class
values to 1 decmial place)
ces David Wise handles his own investment portfolio, and has done so for many years Listed below is the holding time (recorded to the nearest whole year) between purchase and sale for his collection o
The class frequency is as follows:
1 - 1.9 1.
2 - 2.9 3
3 - 3.9 7
4 - 4.9 5
5 - 5.9 2
6 - 6.9 2
Given the holding time (recorded to the nearest whole year) between purchase and sale for David Wise’s collection of investment portfolio in years, the data is shown below: 3, 2, 4, 5, 1, 6, 3, 2, 7, 3, 1, 4, 5, 3, 2, 3, 4, 2, 4, 3.
In order to organize the data into a frequency distribution, we first need to find the range and class width of the data.
Range: The range of the data is defined as the difference between the largest and smallest value from the data. So, the range of the data = Maximum value - Minimum value = 7 - 1 = 6.
Class width: The class width is the difference between the upper-class boundary of a class and the lower-class boundary of the previous class. So, the class width = Range / Number of classes.
Here, we need to determine the number of classes. In general, we take the number of classes to be a whole number between 5 and 20. Here, we will take the number of classes as 6.
Class width = Range / Number of classes = 6 / 6 = 1.
Now, we can create the frequency distribution table using the following steps:
Create the classes. For this, we will use the class width and the smallest value of the data. In our case, the smallest value is 1. Therefore, our first class is 1 - 1.9 (the upper boundary is not included).
Similarly, we can get the other classes as follows:
1 - 1.9
2 - 2.9
3 - 3.9
4 - 4.9
5 - 5.9
6 - 6.9
Count the frequencies. For each class, count the number of data values that fall in that class.
Class Frequency
1 - 1.9 1
2 - 2.9 3
3 - 3.9 7
4 - 4.9 5
5 - 5.9 2
6 - 6.9 2
The frequency distribution table is shown above.
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E-commerce sites have changed the world today for business entrepreneurs. Explain how the on-demand e-commerce sites created a paradoxical shift in business for an industry of your choice (Example areas: Real estate business, Hollywood, clothing/fashion merchandising). Students should cite a case study to explain the shift in business plans and models. Students should also consider how the model change to e-commerce on-demand has forced some industries out of business from the disruption.
On-demand and e-commerce sites have brought about a paradoxical shift in various industries, including real estate, Hollywood, and clothing/fashion merchandising.
The emergence of on-demand e-commerce sites has indeed created a paradoxical shift in various industries, including the real estate business, Hollywood, and clothing/fashion merchandising. Let's take a closer look at each industry and explore how the shift to on-demand e-commerce has affected their business plans and models.
Real Estate Business:
Traditionally, the real estate industry relied heavily on physical offices, agents, and in-person property visits. However, the advent of on-demand e-commerce sites in the real estate sector, such as Zillow, Redfin, and Trulia, has transformed the way people buy, sell, and rent properties.
Case Study: Zillow
Zillow, founded in 2006, disrupted the real estate industry by providing an online platform that allowed users to search for properties, view detailed information, and connect with agents. It introduced the concept of "Zestimate," an automated property valuation tool, which provided estimates for property values. Zillow's platform made the process of property hunting more efficient and convenient for both buyers and sellers, reducing the need for extensive in-person visits.
This shift to on-demand e-commerce in the real estate industry has resulted in increased transparency, accessibility, and efficiency. Buyers can explore a wide range of properties, access virtual tours, and make informed decisions without physically visiting each property. Sellers, on the other hand, can reach a broader audience and receive inquiries from potential buyers around the clock. However, this shift has also led to the decline of traditional real estate agents who relied heavily on face-to-face interactions.
Hollywood:
The entertainment industry, particularly Hollywood, has experienced significant disruption due to the rise of on-demand e-commerce platforms, streaming services, and digital distribution channels. Traditional models of film distribution, such as theaters and physical media, have been challenged by the convenience and accessibility provided by on-demand platforms.
Case Study: Netflix
Netflix, founded in 1997 as a DVD-by-mail service, transitioned into a streaming platform, which allowed subscribers to access a vast library of movies and TV shows on-demand. This model disrupted the traditional distribution model of Hollywood, where movies were released in theaters first and later made available for home viewing.
The shift to on-demand e-commerce in the entertainment industry has led to a decline in theater attendance and DVD sales. Consumers now have the freedom to watch movies and shows whenever and wherever they want, directly impacting the box office revenue of films. This has prompted Hollywood studios to adapt their business models by focusing on producing content for streaming platforms, creating original series and movies exclusively for on-demand consumption.
Clothing/Fashion Merchandising:
The fashion industry has witnessed a significant transformation with the rise of on-demand e-commerce platforms. Traditional brick-and-mortar stores have faced competition from online retailers that offer convenience, a vast range of choices, and personalized recommendations.
Case Study: ASOS
ASOS, a UK-based online fashion retailer founded in 2000, disrupted the fashion industry by offering a wide selection of clothing items and accessories online. ASOS embraced the on-demand e-commerce model, providing fast and reliable shipping options and offering a seamless online shopping experience to customers worldwide.
The shift to on-demand e-commerce in the fashion industry has forced many traditional retailers to adapt or face the risk of going out of business. The convenience and accessibility of online shopping have attracted a large customer base, leading to a decline in foot traffic for physical stores. As a result, many brick-and-mortar retailers have had to enhance their online presence or transition to a hybrid model, combining physical stores with robust e-commerce platforms.
In conclusion, on-demand e-commerce sites have brought about a paradoxical shift inin various industries, including real estate, Hollywood, and clothing/fashion merchandising. While these platforms have introduced efficiency, convenience, and broader reach, they have also disrupted traditional business models and led to the decline of certain industry players who were unable to adapt to the changing landscape.
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On Jan 1, 2021, Flyer Corp paid for the $55,000 amount it had borrowed from First State Bank on September 1, 2020. Interest of $4,500 had accrued as of December 31, 2020 and was appropriately recorded in the December 2020 financial statements in its own liability account. The total $4,500 in interest was paid on Jan 1, 2021 along with the full amount borrowed. The journal entry Flyer Corp. would record on Jan 1, 2021 would include: OA a credit to Notes Payable OB. a debit to Cash OC a debit to Interest Expense D. a debit to Interest Payable
The journal entry Flyer Corp. would record on January 1, 2021, for the payment of the borrowed amount and accrued interest would include a debit to Notes Payable, a debit to Interest Expense, and a credit to Cash.
On January 1, 2021, Flyer Corp. paid off the $55,000 borrowed from First State Bank, which was recorded as a liability in the Notes Payable account. Additionally, $4,500 in interest had accrued as of December 31, 2020, and was appropriately recorded in the December 2020 financial statements. Both the principal amount and the accrued interest are being paid on January 1, 2021.
To record the payment, Flyer Corp. would debit the Notes Payable account for the principal amount of $55,000, representing the reduction in the liability. The accrued interest of $4,500 would be debited to the Interest Expense account to recognize the expense incurred. Finally, the Cash account would be credited for the total payment made.
Therefore, the correct journal entry on January 1, 2021, would include a debit to Notes Payable, a debit to Interest Expense, and a credit to Cash.
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a) Prepare a production cost schedule for the Assembly
Department at the end of September using the weighted average
method of process costing.
b) Prepare the necessary journal entries.
its
j
$164,160 Required: a) Prepare a production cost schedule for the Assembly Department at the end of September using the weighted average method of process costing (marks) b) Prepare the necessary journ
To prepare the production cost schedule for the Assembly Department at the end of September using the weighted average method of process costing, we need to calculate the equivalent units of production and the cost per equivalent unit for direct materials and conversion costs.
(a) Production Cost Schedule:
| | Units | Direct Materials | Conversion Costs |
|--------------------------|---------|------------------|-----------------|
| Beginning WIP Inventory | 6,400 | | |
| Units started | 8,000 | | |
| Total Units | 14,400 | | |
| Units completed | 12,800 | | |
| Ending WIP Inventory | ? | | |
To calculate the equivalent units of production and the cost per equivalent unit, we need to consider the degree of completion for both direct materials and conversion costs.
Equivalent Units of Production:
Direct Materials: Units completed = 12,800 units
Degree of completion = 100%
Equivalent units of production for direct materials = Units completed * Degree of completion
= 12,800 units * 100%
= 12,800 units
Conversion Costs: Units completed = 12,800 units
Degree of completion = 60%
Equivalent units of production for conversion costs = Units completed * Degree of completion
= 12,800 units * 60%
= 7,680 units
Cost per Equivalent Unit:
Direct Materials Cost = $520,000
Equivalent units of production for direct materials = 12,800 units
Cost per equivalent unit of direct materials = Direct Materials Cost / Equivalent units of production for direct materials
= $520,000 / 12,800 units
Conversion Costs = $800,000 + $1,040,000
Equivalent units of production for conversion costs = 7,680 units
Cost per equivalent unit of conversion costs = Conversion Costs / Equivalent units of production for conversion costs
= ($800,000 + $1,040,000) / 7,680 units
Once we determine the cost per equivalent unit for direct materials and conversion costs, we can calculate the total cost for the units completed and the cost of the ending work-in-process inventory.
Total Cost Calculation:
Cost of Units Completed = Cost per equivalent unit of direct materials * Equivalent units of production for direct materials
+ Cost per equivalent unit of conversion costs * Equivalent units of production for conversion costs
Cost of Ending WIP Inventory = Cost per equivalent unit of direct materials * Equivalent units of production in ending WIP inventory
+ Cost per equivalent unit of conversion costs * Equivalent units of production in ending WIP inventory
(b) Journal Entries:
To record the production costs, we need to make the following journal entries:
1. Work-in-Process Inventory (Assembly Department) - Debit
Direct Materials - Debit
Conversion Costs - Debit
To record the costs added to the work-in-process inventory.
2. Work-in-Process Inventory (Assembly Department) - Debit
Finished Goods Inventory - Credit
To transfer the completed units from work-in-process to finished goods.
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National Income (GDP. GNP) 10/6 10 Repart 20 >/10. part HW
National income is the monetary value of all final goods and services produced in a country during a given time period. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Product (GNP) are the two main measures used to calculate national income.
GDP is the market value of all final goods and services produced within the country during a particular period, while GNP is the market value of all final goods and services produced by the country's residents, whether they are located within the country or abroad.
GDP is calculated using the expenditure method, which adds up all the spending on final goods and services within a country during a given period. This includes spending by consumers, businesses, governments, and foreign buyers. GNP, on the other hand, is calculated using the income method, which adds up all the income earned by a country's residents from producing goods and services, whether they are located within the country or abroad.
In terms of which measure is better, it depends on the specific circumstances. For example, if a country has a lot of foreign investment and a large number of its residents working abroad, GNP may be a better measure of national income than GDP. However, if a country has a large number of foreign workers and is heavily reliant on exports, GDP may be a better measure.
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At the same consultanting agency another firm asks for your consulting expertise and the firm has the following production function: Next question F(K, L) min(2L, 1K) Answer the following showing all work on your answer sheet. a. Based on this function what type of production is the company using? b. What type of returns to scale does this production function exhibit? returns to scale c. What is the firm's ratio condition? = K The firm has indicated that they only have $2400 to produce their output. They pay each worker $19 per hour and their rental rate of capital is $38. Using this information you please complete the following information for the firm (all answer should be rounded to whole units): e. The number of workers they should hire is: workers f. Their total units of capital used is: units of capital g. The maximum amount of output the firm can produce is units.
The maximum amount of output the firm can produce is 31 units.
a) The firm is using the fixed-proportions production function.
b) This production function exhibits decreasing returns to scale.
c) The firm's ratio condition is K = L/2. The details of the calculation are given below;
We have given, F(K, L) = min(2L, K). Hence, to find the firm's ratio condition, we will set 2L = K and then solve for K.K = 2LThe firm's ratio condition is K = L/2. e) The number of workers they should hire is 63 workers. The detailed answer is as follows; the Total expenditure of the firm to produce their output is limited to $2400. Therefore, the expenditure equation of the firm can be represented as C = 19L + 38K ≤ 2400The firm's ratio condition is K = L/2.Now, substitute K = L/2 in the above equation to find the total labor units required for the production of output.19L + 38K = 19L + 19L = 38LL = 2400/38L = 63.16, approximately 63 (rounded to the nearest whole number).
Therefore, the firm should hire 63 workers. f). Their total units of capital used is 31 units of capital. Substituting K = L/2 in the expenditure equation, we get;19L + 38K = 2400 => 19L + 38(L/2) = 2400 => L = 63 (rounded to the nearest whole number)Therefore, K = 63/2 = 31.5 ≈ 31 (rounded to the nearest whole number). The total units of capital used by the firm is 31 units. g). The maximum amount of output the firm can produce is 63 units of output. Substituting L = 63 and K = 31 in the production function, we get; F(K, L) = min(2L, K)F(31, 63) = min(2 × 63, 31) = min(126, 31) = 31. Therefore, the maximum amount of output the firm can produce is 31 units.
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