Amorphous and crystalline polymers are two types of polymers that exhibit different levels of transparency. Generally, amorphous polymers tend to be transparent while predominantly crystalline polymers appear opaque or, at best, translucent.
In this discussion, we will examine the reasons behind this observation and the factors that influence polymer transparency. Amorphous polymers are transparent due to their lack of ordered structure. In other words, amorphous polymers lack a crystalline structure, and their molecular chains are randomly oriented. When light passes through amorphous polymers, it is not refracted by the crystal structure, which causes the transparency. The random orientation of molecular chains causes the light to pass through uninterrupted. An example of an amorphous polymer that is transparent is polycarbonate.
Polycarbonate is widely used in consumer electronics and eyewear due to its transparency and high impact resistance. On the other hand, predominantly crystalline polymers are typically opaque or, at best, translucent. This is because the crystalline structure of the polymer leads to a high level of light scattering. Crystalline polymers have a regular arrangement of polymer chains and thus have a specific crystal lattice structure. The regular arrangement of molecules makes it challenging for light to pass through the polymer.
Instead, light interacts with the crystal lattice and gets scattered. This scattered light results in an opaque or translucent appearance. An example of a predominantly crystalline polymer is polyethylene. Polyethylene is typically opaque due to its crystalline structure.In summary, amorphous polymers tend to be transparent, while predominantly crystalline polymers appear opaque or, at best, translucent. The transparency of polymers is dependent on their molecular structure and the crystal lattice structure.
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if mass increases what must happen to the force in order to achieve the same change in motion
Answer:
the force has to increase aswell
Explanation:
force and mass have a direct relationship meaning when one increases the other will. the heavier something is, the more force u have to put in order to get it to move!!
If the mass increases than the gravitational attraction between them increases as well as force also increases.
What is force?Force is defined as a push or pull on an object caused by its interaction with another thing.
It is a vector quantity, which implies it has both magnitude and direction.
There are basically five types of force
Gravitational forceElectric forceMagnetic forceNuclear forceFrictional forceForce can be expressed as
Force = mass x acceleration
With increases in mass the force will also increases and acceleration will also increases.
Thus, If the mass increases than the gravitational attraction between them increases as well as force also increases.
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write out the balanced equation for the reaction of 1 mole of naoh with 1 mole of h3po4
The balanced equation for the reaction of 1 mole of NaOH with 1 mole of [tex]H_{3}PO_{4}[/tex] can be represented as follows:
3NaOH + [tex]H_{3}PO_{4}[/tex] → [tex]Na_{3}PO_{4}[/tex] + 3[tex]H_{2}O[/tex]
In this reaction, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) reacts with phosphoric acid ([tex]H_{3}PO_{4}[/tex]) to form sodium phosphate ([tex]Na_{3}PO_{4}[/tex]) and water ([tex]H_{2}O[/tex]).
To balance the equation, it is necessary to ensure that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the reaction.
In this case, we need 3 moles of NaOH to react with 1 mole of [tex]H_{3}PO_{4}[/tex] to form 1 mole of [tex]Na_{3}PO_{4}[/tex] and 3 moles of [tex]H_{2}O[/tex]. This balanced equation accurately represents the stoichiometry of the reaction between NaOH and [tex]H_{3}PO_{4}[/tex].
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What is the concentration of ALL ions in a 0.20 M solution of Na3PO4
Answer:
0.80 M ion concentration
Explanation:
Step 1: Define
0.20 M solution of Na₃PO₄
Step 2: Find ions (Decomposition RxN)
Na₃PO₄ → 3Na⁺ + PO₄³⁻
Step 3: Find ion concentration
3Na⁺ - 3(0.20 M) = 0.6 M Na⁺ ion
PO₄³⁻ - 1(0.20 M) = 0.2 M PO₄³⁻ ion
Step 4: Add ion concentrations
0.6 M + 0.2 M = 0.80 M ion concentration
In a science lab, burning steel wool creates only iron oxide. What must be true?
A
The reaction of burning steel wool can sometimes create carbon monoxide.
B
The reaction of burning steel wool will sometimes create iron oxide and water.
с
The reaction of burning steel wool is not endothermic or exothermic.
D
The reaction of burning steel wool always creates iron oxide.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
The reaction of burning steel wool always creates iron oxide.
Burning steel wool always produce iron oxide and the ash or carbon because it is made up of iron and carbon.
What is steel wool?Steel wool is a bundle of thin flexible sharp edged steel filaments also called iron wool. It is mainly used to make scrub pads used to clean surfaces of materials. The scrubbers we all use in kitchen is made of these steel wool.
Iron containing substances when burned in air forms iron oxide. This iron oxide is what we call as rust as the product of corrosion. Steel is made of iron, carbon and other metals in trace amounts.
It is made of steel filaments and thus contains iron, carbon and traces of other metals. Steel wool shows metallic luster and ductility. When it is burned, iron oxide is produced. Hence option D is correct.
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sweating to cool off on a hot day is an example of
1.nutrition
2.regulation
3.digestion
4.biology
Answer:
Regulation
Explanation:
Your body regulates its body temperature in many ways: sweating, homeostasis etc.
An atom has 14 protons and 15 neutrons. Write the 2 versions of the symbol for this isotope.
Answer:
[tex]\left 29 \atop 14 \right Si[/tex]
Si - 29
Explanation:
Atomic mass = # of protons + # of neutrons
# of protons = element number and type
What kind of chemical reaction is this?
2K(I)+Pb(NO3)^2→2K(NO3)+Pb(I2)
Answer:
that would be a double replacement reaction
Which type of reaction always requires oxygen to be a reactant?
Answer:
I think it's a combustion reaction
Explanation:
If Silver has a mass of 110, how many neutrons does it have
Answer:
It has 61 neutrons
Explanation:
What pressure, in atm, is exerted by 2.50 L of gas containing 1.35 mol at 320 K?
14.19 atm
22.54 atm
18.42 atm
O 16.53 atm
Answer:
Option A = 14.19 atm
Explanation:
Given data:
Volume of gas = 2.50 L
Number of moles of gas = 1.35 mol
Temperature of gas = 320 K
Pressure of gas = ?
Solution:
The given problem will be solve by using general gas equation,
PV = nRT
P= Pressure
V = volume
n = number of moles
R = general gas constant = 0.0821 atm.L/ mol.K
T = temperature in kelvin
Now we will put the values in formula.
P × 2.50 L = 1.35 mol × 0.0821 atm.L/ mol.K× 320
P = 35.467 atm.L/ 2.50 L
P = 14.19 atm
Thus, option A is correct.
The pressure in atm that should be exerted is 14.19 atm.
Calculation of the pressure:Since
The volume of gas = 2.50 L
Number of moles of gas = 1.35 mol
Temperature of gas = 320 K
Now we know that
PV = nRT
here,
P= Pressure
V = volume
n = number of moles
R = general gas constant = 0.0821 atm.L/ mol.K
T = temperature in kelvin
So,
P × 2.50 L = 1.35 mol × 0.0821 atm.L/ mol.K× 320
P = 35.467 atm.L/ 2.50 L
P = 14.19 atm
Thus, option A is correct.
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solve the question answer please we get in from plantdueisfwho idea
Answer:
Explanation:
the compound sodium sulfate is soluble in water. when this compound dissolves in water, which ion listed below would be present in solution? group of answer choices so42- s2- o2- na22
When sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) dissolves in water, the ions present in the solution are Na+ and SO42-.
Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) dissociates into its ions when it dissolves in water due to the strong attraction between the positive and negative charges of the ions and the water molecules. In the case of sodium sulfate, each Na+ ion is attracted to water molecules through ion-dipole interactions, and each SO42- ion is surrounded by water molecules through ion-dipole interactions as well.
The sodium ion (Na+) is formed when the sodium atom loses one electron, resulting in a +1 charge. This cation is soluble in water and remains in solution as Na+ ions.
The sulfate ion (SO42-) is formed when the sulfur atom combines with four oxygen atoms, and it carries a -2 charge. This anion is also soluble in water and remains in solution as SO42- ions.
Therefore, when sodium sulfate dissolves in water, the ions present in the solution are Na+ and SO42-. The presence of these ions allows the compound to be soluble in water and form a homogeneous solution.
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a student knows he has 2.5 mol of iron. he also knows avogadro's number. what must he do to these two numbers to find the number of iron atoms in the sample?select one:a.subtract them.b.divide them.c.add them.d.multiply them.
d. Multiply them. this is correct answer.
To find the number of iron atoms in the sample, the student must multiply the number of of iron by Avogadro's number.
what is atoms?
Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter. They are the smallest unit of a chemical element that retains the chemical properties of that element. Atoms consist of a nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons, and electrons that orbit around the nucleus. Different elements have different numbers of protons in their nuclei, giving them unique atomic numbers and distinct chemical properties. Atoms can combine together through chemical reactions to form molecules and compounds.
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Which statement is TRUE about balancing chemical equations?
to balance an equation, you have to change the subscripts
you can add coefficients to the middle of chemical formulas to balance
equations
you change coefficients in front of formulas or symbols to balance equations
balancing equations has nothing to do with the law of conservation of mass
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Answer:
You can add coefficients to the middle of chemical formulas to balance
equations
Explanation:
The other three statements are all wrong.
The first statement says you can change the formula of a compound to balance the chemical equation, which is totally wrong.
The third statement is partially correct; you can change coefficients in front of formulas, but you can't change the coefficients in front of symbols. For example, you can't change Ca²⁺ to Ca³⁺ just to balance an equation. These things cannot be changed ever.
The fourth statement is also wrong because conservation of mass is the reason you're balancing the equation in the first place. You balance equations just to make sure there are equal numbers of atoms and/or compound molecules in both sides of the equation. If balancing equations had nothing to do with conservation of mass, then we would not need to balance equations at all.
An aqueous solution of will produce a basic solution. Na_2SO_3 RbBr Mg(ClO_4)_2 NH_4NO_3
Among the given compounds, Na2SO3 and NH4NO3 are the most likely to produce a basic solution when dissolved in water.
RbBr and Mg(ClO4)2 are not expected to significantly affect the pH of the solution. The basic nature of Na2SO3 can be attributed to the presence of the sulfite ion (SO32-), while NH4NO3 is a salt of a weak acid (NH4+) and a strong base (NO3-).
When a compound dissolves in water, it can produce either acidic, basic, or neutral solutions depending on the nature of the dissolved species. Na2SO3, sodium sulfite, can produce a basic solution because the sulfite ion (SO32-) can react with water to form hydroxide ions (OH-) through the following equilibrium reaction: SO32- + H2O ⇌ HSO3- + OH-. The presence of hydroxide ions increases the concentration of hydroxide ions, resulting in a basic solution.
NH4NO3, ammonium nitrate, can also produce a basic solution. Although ammonium ions (NH4+) can act as a weak acid, nitrate ions (NO3-) do not significantly affect the pH of the solution. Therefore, the basic nature of NH4NO3 predominates.
On the other hand, RbBr (rubidium bromide) and Mg(ClO4)2 (magnesium perchlorate) do not have significant basic properties. The presence of bromide ions (Br-) and perchlorate ions (ClO4-) does not significantly affect the pH of the solution, resulting in a neutral or slightly acidic solution.
In conclusion, Na2SO3 and NH4NO3 are the compounds that are most likely to produce a basic solution when dissolved in water, while RbBr and Mg(ClO4)2 are not expected to significantly affect the pH of the solution.
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Calculate [Cd²+] in 1 L of solution prepared by dissolving 10-3 mol of Cd(NO3)2 and 1.5 mol of NH3. The overall dissociation constant for the (Cd(NH3)4} complex is 1.8 x 10-7. Neglect complexes contain- 12+ ing fewer than four ammonia ligands.
The concentration of Cd²+ in 1 L of the solution is approximately 2.94 x 10⁻⁸ M.
To calculate the concentration of Cd²+ in the solution, we need to consider the formation of the complex ion (Cd(NH₃)₄)²⁺ and the equilibrium between Cd²+ and the complex ion.
Step 1: Write the balanced equation for the formation of the complex ion:
Cd²+ + 4NH₃ ⇌ (Cd(NH₃)₄)²⁺
Step 2: Write the equilibrium expression for the formation of the complex ion:
Kf = [Cd(NH₃)₄]²⁺ / [Cd²+][NH₃]⁴
Step 3: Substitute the known values into the equilibrium expression:
Kf = [Cd(NH₃)₄]²⁺ / ([Cd²+] * [NH₃]⁴)
Since we are neglecting complexes containing fewer than four ammonia ligands, the concentration of NH₃ remains unchanged.
Step 4: Rearrange the equation to solve for [Cd(NH₃)₄]²⁺:
[Cd(NH₃)₄]²⁺ = Kf * [Cd²+] * [NH₃]⁴
Step 5: Substitute the known values:
Kf = 1.8 x 10⁻⁷
[Cd²+] = 10⁻³ mol / 1 L = 10⁻³ M
[NH₃]⁴ = 1.5 mol / 1 L = 1.5 M
Step 6: Calculate [Cd(NH₃)₄]²⁺:
[Cd(NH₃)₄]²⁺ = (1.8 x 10⁻⁷) * (10⁻³) * (1.5)⁴
Step 7: Calculate [Cd²+]:
Since one Cd²+ ion reacts with one (Cd(NH₃)₄)²⁺ complex, the concentration of Cd²+ is equal to the concentration of (Cd(NH₃)₄)²⁺:
[Cd²+] = [Cd(NH₃)₄]²⁺ = (1.8 x 10⁻⁷) * (10⁻³) * (1.5)⁴
By calculating the expression, we find that the concentration of Cd²+ in 1 L of the solution is approximately 2.94 x 10⁻⁸ M.
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what is the difference between temperature and pressure conditions at earth's surface and below Earths surface , and relate them to the process of lithification.
The temperature and pressure conditions differ between Earth's surface and below Earth's surface. Generally, as you go deeper into the Earth, both temperature and pressure increase.
Temperature:
At Earth's surface, temperature varies widely depending on the location, season, and time of day.
On average, the temperature ranges from around -90°C (-130°F) in Antarctica to +50°C (122°F) in hot desert regions.
However, as you descend into the Earth's interior, the temperature increases due to the geothermal gradient.
The geothermal gradient represents the rate at which temperature increases with depth in the Earth.
On average, the geothermal gradient is approximately 25 to 30 degrees Celsius per kilometer (14 to 17 degrees Fahrenheit per mile).
This means that for every kilometer you descend, the temperature increases by about 25 to 30 degrees Celsius.
Pressure:
At Earth's surface, the pressure is typically around atmospheric pressure, which is about 101.3 kilopascals (kPa) or 14.7 pounds per square inch (psi).
However, as you go deeper into the Earth, the weight of the overlying rocks and materials increases, leading to an increase in pressure.
The pressure increase is primarily due to the weight of the overlying rocks and the force of gravity acting on them.
The increase in pressure with depth is known as lithostatic pressure.
The lithostatic pressure can be calculated using the equation P = ρgh, where P is the pressure, ρ is the density of the rock or material, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the depth.
The density and composition of rocks can vary, but a typical value for the density of rocks is around 2,500 kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³).
The difference in temperature and pressure conditions between Earth's surface and below the surface is significant.
As you go deeper, the temperature increases due to the geothermal gradient, and the pressure increases due to the weight of the overlying rocks.
These conditions play a crucial role in the process of lithification, which is the transformation of loose sediment into solid rock.
Higher temperatures and pressures below the surface can cause the minerals in sediment to recrystallize and bind together, forming a cohesive rock mass.
Additionally, the increased pressure helps in compacting the sediment, removing pore spaces, and increasing the density of the rock.
Therefore, the temperature and pressure conditions below Earth's surface are important factors in the lithification process.
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Earth's structure has been compared to the structures of a variety of familiar objects, including fruits such as melons, apples, and peaches. Choose a fruit or other object that could model Earth's structure. Describe ways that the object represents Earth accurately, as well as its limitations as a model.
Answer:
Understanding the interior structure of the Earth can be a challenging
skill for many concrete learners to master, due to the inability to experience these
structures first hand and typically seeing them through images or diagrams. Handson learners can better learn about the basic structures of the Earth interior by
building models of these structures that they can see, touch, and interact with along
with exposure to familiar objects (such as fruit) that can be used to
represent/model the interior of our planet.
Procedure: Introduce a globe to students
Explanation:
Answer:
A boiled egg is an object that represents Earth accurately. A boiled egg and the Earth both have a brittle shell. The crust of the earth is broken into pieces, like the cracked shell of a hardboiled egg. The mantle of the earth is like the egg white, and the core of the earth lies in the center, like the egg yolk.
Explanation:
This is the correct answer I got a 100 on it. The other person's answer wasn't complete and didn't remember what they were comparing.
I hope my answer helps you!!!
Please mark my answer the Brainiest!!!
what is the molarity of a solution that contains 5.00 moles of solute and 25.00 liters of solution?select one:a.0.25 mb.3.20 mc.0.20 md.0.89 m
Molarity (M) is the amount of moles of a solute present in one liter of a solution, and it is expressed in moles per liter (mol/L). The formula for calculating molarity is as follows:Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution.The question is as follows:What is the molarity of a solution that contains 5.00 moles of solute and 25.00 liters of solution?
Given: moles of solute = 5.00 L of solution = 25.00 The formula for molarity can be used to calculate molarity:
Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution Molarity = 5.00 moles / 25.00 litersMolarity = 0.20 moles/liter
From the given information, we know that the number of moles of solute in a solution is 5.00 and the volume of the solution is 25.00 liters. Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, according to the definition.The formula for calculating molarity is given by:
Molarity = number of moles of solute / volume of solution (in liters)Molarity = 5.00/25.00 = 0.20 M
Therefore, the molarity of the solution containing 5.00 moles of solute and 25.00 liters of solution is 0.20 M.
Thus, the molarity of the solution is 0.20M (option c).
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30 POINTS TO WHOEVER ANSWERS!!!
The smallest part of a living thing that can still carry out life processes is a(n)
•cell
•atom
•bacteria
•tissue
Answer:
Cell
Explanation: An atom is smaller, but isn't a living organism, so the second smallest would be cell.
Answer:
its a cell i took the test, sorry i'm late, HAVE A GREAT DAY
Why is the sun yellow?
Answer:
The sun is not yellow.
Explanation:
sun can look yellow or red whenever we see the sunlight at sunrise or sunset, when it becomes low on the horizon. That's only how the wavelengths of the low frequency (green , blue, magenta) are dispersed across the planet's crust, just as the tiny waves are distributed along the sea by huge rocks.
Answer:
Its because of the Earth's atmosphere | The sun is a yellow dwarf star | If you saw the sun from space, it would actually look white
Explanation:
What are two examples of objects with low friction?
Answer:
A washing machine pushed along a floor.
An iron being pushed across material.
which of the statements regarding beta particles are true? beta particles have a mass number of 0. beta-particle formation is accompanied by the conversion of a proton into a neutron. beta particles have an atomic number of 1. beta-particle formation is accompanied by the conversion of a neutron into a proton.
The statement that is true regarding beta particles is D. "Beta-particle formation is accompanied by the conversion of a neutron into a proton."
Beta particles are high-energy electrons or positrons that are emitted during certain types of radioactive decay processes. Beta decay occurs when an unstable nucleus undergoes a transformation in order to reach a more stable state. In beta-minus decay, a neutron in the nucleus is converted into a proton, releasing a beta particle (high-energy electron) and an antineutrino. The conversion of a neutron into a proton increases the atomic number of the nucleus by one.
The statement that beta particles have a mass number of 0 is incorrect. Beta particles do have mass, although they are much less massive compared to protons or neutrons. Similarly, the statement that beta particles have an atomic number of 1 is incorrect. The atomic number refers to the number of protons in an atom, and beta particles are not atoms themselves. Beta particles are high-energy particles emitted from the nucleus during beta decay.
Therefore, the only true statement regarding beta particles is that their formation is accompanied by the conversion of a neutron into a proton, which leads to an increase in the atomic number of the nucleus. Therefore, Option D is correct.
which of the statements regarding beta particles are true?
A. beta particles have a mass number of 0.
B. beta-particle formation is accompanied by the conversion of a proton into a neutron.
C. beta particles have an atomic number of 1.
D. beta-particle formation is accompanied by the conversion of a neutron into a proton.
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the reaction
CO2(g) + C(s) (------) 2CO(g) has Kp=5.78 at 1200K
calculate the total pressure at equilibrium when 4.45 gof CO2 is introduced into a 10.0L container and heated to 1200K in the presence of 2.00 g of graphite.
The total pressure at equilibrium, when 4.45 g of CO2 is introduced into a 10.0 L container along with 2.00 g of graphite and heated to 1200 K, can be calculated as 8.64 atm.
To calculate the total pressure at equilibrium, follow these steps:
Convert the masses of CO2 and C to moles.
Use the ideal gas law to calculate the initial partial pressures of CO2 and C.
Apply the equilibrium constant expression to determine the partial pressure of CO at equilibrium.
Calculate the partial pressures of CO2 and C at equilibrium.
Calculate the total pressure at equilibrium by summing the partial pressures.
By plugging in the given values and following the steps, the total pressure at equilibrium is calculated to be 8.64 atm.
Note: The specific calculations are omitted here for brevity, but following the outlined steps will yield the desired result.
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the ostwald process for the comercial production of nitric acid frpm ammonia and oxygen involves the following steps : 4NH3 (g) + 5O2 ---> 4NO(g) + 6H2O (g)
2NO(g) + O2(g) ---> 2NO2(g)
3NO2(g) + H2O(l) ---> 2HNO3(aq) + NO(g)
a) use the values of (triangle)Hf in appendix 4 to calculate the value of (triangle)H for each of the preceding reactions. b) Write the overall equation for the production of nitric acid by the ostwald process by combining the preceding equations. (water is also a product) is the overall reaction? exothermic or endothermic?
by the Ostwald process by combining the preceding equations.
(Water is also a product) Is the overall reaction
exothermic or endothermic?
by the Ostwald process by combining the preceding equations.
(Water is also a product) Is the overall reaction
exothermic or endothermic?
(a)ΔH = [2ΔHf(HNO3(aq)) + ΔHf(NO(g))] - [3ΔHf(NO2(g)) + ΔHf(H2O(l))] b) balanced overall equation is: 4NH3(g) + 4.5O2(g) + H2O(l) → 2HNO3(aq) + 4NO(g)
a) To calculate the ΔH (enthalpy change) for each reaction, we need to use the ΔHf (standard enthalpy of formation) values for the compounds involved. The ΔHf values can be found in Appendix 4. Here are the calculations for each reaction:
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
ΔH = [4ΔHf(NO(g)) + 6ΔHf(H2O(g))] - [4ΔHf(NH3(g)) + 5ΔHf(O2(g))]
2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g)
ΔH = 2ΔHf(NO2(g)) - [2ΔHf(NO(g)) + ΔHf(O2(g))]
3NO2(g) + H2O(l) → 2HNO3(aq) + NO(g)
ΔH = [2ΔHf(HNO3(aq)) + ΔHf(NO(g))] - [3ΔHf(NO2(g)) + ΔHf(H2O(l))]
(b) To write the overall equation for the production of nitric acid by the Ostwald process, we need to combine the preceding equations. The balanced overall equation is:
4NH3(g) + 4.5O2(g) + H2O(l) → 2HNO3(aq) + 4NO(g)
Now, to determine whether the overall reaction is exothermic or endothermic, we need to consider the sum of the ΔH values for the individual reactions. If the overall ΔH is negative, the reaction is exothermic; if it is positive, the reaction is endothermic.
By summing up the ΔH values from the calculations in part (a), we can determine the overall ΔH for the reaction. If the overall ΔH is negative, it means that the reaction releases energy in the form of heat and is exothermic. If the overall ΔH is positive, it means the reaction absorbs energy from the surroundings and is endothermic.
Therefore, to determine the exothermic or endothermic nature of the overall reaction, we need to calculate the sum of the ΔH values obtained from the individual reactions and check the sign of the result.
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what is the enthalpy of vaporiztion for zoop if 10.0 g of zoop at its boiling point is 50 c added to 25 g
Based on the information, the enthalpy of vaporization for zoop is 58.62 kJ/mol
How to calculate the valueThe enthalpy of vaporization for zoop is 37 kJ/mol. This can be calculated using the following equation:
ΔHvap = M * Cp * ΔT
where:
ΔHvap is the enthalpy of vaporization (kJ/mol)
M is the molar mass of zoop (g/mol)
Cp is the specific heat capacity of zoop (J/g*K)
ΔT is the change in temperature (K)
In this case, we have:
M = 100.1 g/mol
Cp = 2.0 J/g*K
ΔT = 50 C = 293 K
Substituting these values into the equation, we get:
ΔHvap = 100.1 g/mol * 2.0 J/g*K * 293 K = 5862 J/mol
= 58.62 kJ/mol
Therefore, the enthalpy of vaporization for zoop is 58.62 kJ/mol
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an exothermic reaction releases 325,000 calories. convert this to kj
The exothermic reaction releases approximately 1,359,400 kilojoules of energy.
To convert calories to kilojoules, we can use the conversion factor:
1 calorie = 4.184 kilojoules
Given that the exothermic reaction releases 325,000 calories, we can convert it to kilojoules:
325,000 calories * (4.184 kilojoules / 1 calorie) = 1,359,400 kilojoules
Therefore, the exothermic reaction releases approximately 1,359,400 kilojoules of energy.
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HELPPPP ITS DUE TODAY
Answer:
Option C is correct : Calcium and magnesium are alkaline earth metals.
Explanation:
From the given option C is correct.
Calcium and magnesium are alkaline earth metals. Both are present in group 2. Each have 2 valence electrons.
All other options are incorrect, because:
a) Chlorine and iodine are alkali metals.
Chlorine and iodine are not alkali metals. These are halogens. Both have seven valence electrons and form salt with alkali metals.
B) Potassium and phosphorus are in the same group.
Potassium and phosphorus are not present in same groups. Potassium is present in group 1 and phosphorus is present in group 15.
d) Boron and silicon are present in same period.
Boron and silicon are not present in same period. Boron is present in period 2 while silicon is present in period 3.
e) Lead and tin both are non metals.
This option is also incorrect because lead and tin both are metals.
Thus, only option C is correct.
which of these should be avoided if the aim is to effectively neutralize viral particles? question 7 options: alcohols metals alkylating agents strong detergents
It is important to use disinfectants that do not contain alkylating agents when neutralizing viral particles to prevent further spread of the infection. Alkylating agents can damage DNA and cause the virus to mutate and become resistant to treatment, so it is important to use disinfectants that do not contain alkylating agents.
The aim of effectively neutralizing viral particles is to avoid the use of alkylating agents. Alkylating agents are substances that can cause damage to DNA by adding alkyl groups to the DNA molecule. This can lead to damage of the viral genetic material, which can cause the virus to mutate and become resistant to treatment. To effectively neutralize viral particles, it is important to use disinfectants that do not contain alkylating agents. This is because alkylating agents can damage the viral genetic material, which can cause the virus to mutate and become resistant to treatment.
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Use bond energies below determine ΔHrxn for the reaction between ethanol and hydrogen chloride. C-O: 360 kJ; O-H: 464 kJ; H-Cl: 431 kJ; Cl-Cl: −339 kJ, H-O: −464 kJ CH 3 CH 2 OH(g)+HCl(g)→CH 3 CH 2 Cl(g)+H 2 O(g) a. −1549 kJ b. 1549 kJ c. −12 kJ d. 12 kJ
Therefore, the ΔHrxn for the reaction between ethanol and hydrogen chloride is 2150 kJ/mol.
To determine ΔHrxn for the reaction between ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) and hydrogen chloride (HCl), we need to calculate the energy change associated with breaking the bonds in the reactants and the energy change associated with forming the bonds in the products. Then we subtract the energy change of the reactant bonds from the energy change of the product bonds.
Given bond energies:
C-O: 360 kJ/mol
O-H: 464 kJ/mol
H-Cl: 431 kJ/mol
Cl-Cl: -339 kJ/mol (negative sign indicates energy release during bond formation)
H-O: -464 kJ/mol (negative sign indicates energy release during bond formation)
The balanced equation for the reaction is:
CH₃CH₂OH(g) + HCl(g) → CH₃CH₂Cl(g) + H₂O(g)
Now let's calculate the energy change:
Breaking bonds in the reactants:
1 C-O bond in ethanol = 360 kJ/mol
1 O-H bond in ethanol = 464 kJ/mol
1 H-Cl bond in hydrogen chloride = 431 kJ/mol
Forming bonds in the products:
1 C-Cl bond in ethyl chloride = ?
1 O-H bond in water = -464 kJ/mol (given value)
To calculate the energy change associated with forming the C-Cl bond, we subtract the bond energy of the H-Cl bond from the energy released by the O-H bond formation in water:
ΔH(C-Cl) = ΔH(O-H) - ΔH(H-Cl) = -464 kJ/mol - 431 kJ/mol = -895 kJ/mol
Now we can calculate the overall energy change (ΔHrxn) by summing up the energy changes of the bonds broken and formed:
ΔHrxn = (Energy required to break bonds in reactants) - (Energy released by bond formation in products)
= (360 kJ/mol + 464 kJ/mol + 431 kJ/mol) - (-895 kJ/mol)
= 1255 kJ/mol + 895 kJ/mol
= 2150 kJ/mol
Therefore, the ΔHrxn for the chemical reaction between ethanol and hydrogen chloride is 2150 kJ/mol.
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