Calculate the molarity of the two solutions. The first solution contains 0.650 mol of NaOH in 1.35 L of solution.

13 liters is the correct answer

13 liters is the final volume of the gas when the temperature and pressure remain constant.

v1/n1 = v2/n2

where,

v1 = initial volume = 8.5 liter

n1= initial mole of gas = 1.2 mole

n2= final mole of gas = 1.2+0.65= 1.85 mole

v2= final volume = ?

8.5 L/1.2 mol = v2/1.85 mol

7 L x 1.85 mol = v2/1.85 mol x 1.85 mol

13 L = v2

v2= 13 liter

22.4 L

At STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure = 0 °C, 1 atm), an ideal gas has a volume of 22.41 L/mol.

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Steps that are required for the correct use of an automatic micropipettor -

1. ensure that the pipette is adjusted to discharge the proper V

2. depress the knob until you reach the point of first resistance.

3. dip the tip of the pipette into the solution

4. gradually depress the plunger to suck solution into the tip

5. Remove the tip from the solution and put it on the inside wall of the container into which the solution to be dispersed.

6. again depress the knob to the first point of resistance

7. After a brief pause, depress the knob as far as it will go.

Pipettes that are automated can eliminate the need for manual work and provide a variety of benefits. The most obvious benefit is increased throughput, since automation frees up time and effort for other activities. Another advantage is increased repeatability.

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Answer:

- Corrosion resistant

- High tensile strength (the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking)

- Temperature resistant

- Easy formability and fabrication

- Low maintenance (long lasting)

- Attractive appearance

- Environmentally friendly (recyclable)

Answer:

See below

Explanation:

I suppose you could include these properties:

Specific heat =  .5  J/g-C

Density =~  7500 kg/m^3

melting point approx 1500 ° C  

   among others .....

Answer:

pH of  4

Explanation:

Upon comparing a solution with a pH value of 4 and that having a pH of 7, you will realize that it has a pH difference of 3 although the concentration of ions of hydrogen having a pH of 7 is 1000 times greater than being at a pH of 4.

The molecular mass of a 10g compound that has 30.066 × 10²³ atoms is 2.00g/mol.

The molecular mass of a substance can be calculated by dividing the mass of the substance by the number of moles.

molecular mass = mass ÷ no of moles

However, the number of moles of the substance must first be calculated by dividing the number of atoms by Avogadro's number.

no of moles = 30.066 × 10²³ ÷ 6.02 × 10²³

no of moles = 4.99moles

molecular mass = 10g ÷ 4.99 moles = 2.00 g/mol

Therefore, the molecular mass of a 10g compound that has 30.066 × 10²³ atoms is 2.00g/mol.

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Half-life is the time taken for the concentration of the substance to reduce by 50%. The original sample of strontium had a mass of 1.6 gms. Thus, option d is correct.

The half-life of any radioactive substance is the time period at which the concentration will get reduced to half the initial amount. The initial mass of Sr-90 is calculated as,

[tex]N(t) = N_{0} (\dfrac{1}{2})^{ \frac{t }{t 1/2}}[/tex]

Given,

Quantity of the remaining substance N (t) = 0.40 gm

Initial radioactive substance quantity [tex]N_{0}[/tex] =?

Time duration (t) = 56 years

Half-life = 28 years

Substituting values above:

[tex]\begin{aligned} 0.40 &= N_{0} (\dfrac{1}{2}) ^{{\frac{56}{28}}\\\\0.40 &= N_{0} (\dfrac{1}{2})^{2}\end{aligned}[/tex]

= 1.6 gm

Therefore, option d. the initial mass of Sr is 1.6 gm.

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Pair of LiI and Ca(NO3)2 is soluble in water.

Here LiI stands for lithium iodide and Ca(NO3)2 stands for Calcium Nitrate.

Water's polarity, which is the unequal sharing of electrons among its atoms, is what allows it to be such a great solvent. Typically, water is held together through this polarity of partial positive and negative charges. Positive is attracted to negative, making a cohesive structure. When polar compounds or ions are added to water, they break up into smaller components, or dissolve, to become part of the solution. The water's partial charges attract different parts of the compound, making them soluble in water.

Polar Molecules

Similar to ions, polar molecules are able to dissolve in water. Like water, polar molecules have partial positive and negative charges. The attraction between opposite partial charges helps polar molecules dissolve in water.

Water doesn't have a full positive or negative charge; instead, it possesses a partial positive and partial negative charge. This is because oxygen is a lot more electronegative than hydrogen. This means that oxygen draws more electrons to it than the hydrogen does. Since more electrons are moving towards the oxygen, it has a slightly higher negative charge than water's hydrogen atoms.

Let's look at another simple example: a carbon-fluorine bond. Since fluorine is more electronegative than carbon, it draws more electrons over to it, making it partially negative.

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The mole fraction of ethylene glycol is 0.203.

The mole fraction represents the number of moles of a specific component divided by the total number of moles present in the given solution.

It is a method of expressing the concentration of a solution

Mole fraction can be represented by x. Let a solution consists of components A and B then, the mole fraction is

[tex]Mole fraction of solute, n_A = \frac{n_A}{n_A+n_B}[/tex]

[tex]Mole fraction of solvent, n_B = \frac{n_A}{n_A+n_B}[/tex]

The molar mass of ethylene glycol = 62 g

Given the mass of ethylene glycol = 2.109 x 10³ g

The molar mass of water = 18 g

Given the mass of water= 2.40×10³ g

No moles of ethylene glycol,  [tex]n_A[/tex] = [tex]\frac{2.109 \times 10^3 g}{62 g}[/tex]

                                                =34.02

No of moles of water, [tex]n_B[/tex] = [tex]\frac{2.40 \times 10^3 g}{18 g}[/tex] = 133.33

Mole fraction of ethylene glycol = [tex]x = \frac{n_A}{n_A +n_B}[/tex]  = [tex]\frac{34.02}{34.02+133.33} = \frac{34.02}{167.35}[/tex]

                                                      =  0.203

Hence, The mole fraction of ethylene glycol is 0.203

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The percentage of excess air used during combustion process of ethane will be 37 %.

Burning, also known as combustion, would be a high-temperature highly exothermic chemical process that occurs when an oxidant, typically atmospheric oxygen, interacts with a fuel to generate oxidized, frequently gaseous products in a mixture known as smoke.

Calculation of percentage of air .

[tex]C_{2} H_{6} + (1-x)+a(O_{2} +3.76N_{2} )=bCO_{2} + cH_{2} O + axO_{2} + 3.76dN_{2} .[/tex]

Mair=Mair/Rin

[tex]( MN)O_{2}[/tex] + [tex](MN)N_{2}[/tex]÷ [tex](MN)O_{2}[/tex] + [tex](MN)N_{2}[/tex] +[tex](MN)C_{2} H_{6} .[/tex]

33 . 3.25(1-x) + 28 × 13.16(1-x) ÷ 33 × 3.25(1-x) + 28 × 13.16(1-x). + 30.1

= 176/176+8

X= 0.37

0.37 × 100

X= 37%

Therefore, the percentage of excess air used during combustion process of ethane will be 37 %.

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Oxygen is the crucial gas required for an organism to carry out the cellular process. The seal can dive for 4 minutes before it runs out of oxygen. Thus, option a is correct.

Oxygen is the most vital element of the organism that is required by almost all cellular and metabolic activities. It is inhaled by the respiratory system and passed to cells and tissues through the circulatory system.

Given,

Mass of seal = 100 kg = 100000 gm

Rate of oxygen consumption (r) = 1 ml/ (gh)

The volume of the stored O₂ = 7000 mL

The time (t) is calculated as,

t = V ÷ mr

Substituting the values above,

t = 7000 ÷ 100000 × 1

= 0.07 hour

In minutes it will be given as,

0.07 × 60 = 4.2 minutes

Therefore, option a. 4 minutes is the time till the seal can remain underwater without oxygen.

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Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was, The oxygen consumption rate of a 100 kg seal is 1 ml/(g h). assuming that it has oxygen stores of 7 liters, how many minutes can it dive before running completely out of oxygen?

The volume occupied by 3.66 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms of lithium is 7.73 [tex]cm^3[/tex]

The density of a substance is defined as the mass of the substance per unit volume. It is often denoted by the symbol ρ

The density of a substance is given by,

[tex]\rho = \frac{m}{V}[/tex]

The mass of a substance is the measure of the amount of matter present in it. It is generally measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg).

The volume of a substance is defined as the amount of 3D space occupied by it.

It is a concept which uses mole as a unit to measure the number of atoms, molecules or ions.

A mole is defined as the amount of substance which has the same number of elementary particles as there are atoms in 12 grams of [tex]\ce{^{12}C}[/tex]

1 mole = Avogadro's number = 6.022 x [tex]10^{23\\[/tex] atoms

Molar Mass of Lithium = 6.94 g/mol

1 mole of Lithium has 6.022 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms

3.66 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms of lithium has molar mass = [tex]\frac{6.94 g}{6.022\times10^{23} } \times 3.66 \times 10^{23}[/tex]

[tex]m = 4.218 g[/tex]

Substitute in density formula,

[tex]\rho = \frac{m}{V}[/tex]

[tex]V = \frac{m}{\rho}[/tex]

[tex]=\frac{4.218g}{0.546g/cm^3}[/tex]

= 7.73 [tex]cm^3\\[/tex]

Therefore, 3.66 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms of lithium occupies 7.73 [tex]cm^3\\[/tex] of volume.

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A molecular size affects the rate of evaporation when the larger the intermolecular forces in a compound, the slower the evaporation rate and this correlates with temperature change.

Molecular size seems to have an effect on evaporation rates in that the larger a molecule gets or grows from a base chemical formula, its evaporation rate will get slower.

This is a measure of the area a molecule occupies in three-dimensional space as this relates to the physical size of an individual molecule.

Hence, we can see that a molecular size affects the rate of evaporation the larger the forces, the lower the rate.

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When a substance is entering a phase change, the gain or loss of heat is a result of energy gained or lost in forming or breaking intermolecular interaction.

The constant temperatures occur when a substance is undergoing a phase transition.  If heat is removed from a substance , such as in freezing and condensation , then the process is exothermic . In this instance , heat is decreasing the speed of the molecules causing then move slower.

Example : liquid to solid and gas to liquid .

These changes release heat to the surrounding.

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When the hemiacetal of a saccharide (or a molecule made from a saccharide) combines with the hydroxyl group of another chemical, such as alcohol, a glycosidic bond, also known as a glycosidic linkage, is formed. Only sugars in cyclic forms, which have an anomeric carbon and can create a glycosidic bond, may do so.

The glucose units of glycogen, the main type of energy storage in animal cells, are connected by glycosidic linkages. They are the bonds that make up the strong exoskeletons of beetles, crabs, and lobsters as well as the cellulose that makes up the woody sections of plants and trees.

A sugar molecule connected to another molecule via an ether group is the outcome of a glycosidic connection. A chemical compound called an ether, which consists of an oxygen atom bound to two carbon atoms, is less reactive than other chemical compounds like alcohols. Glycosides are therefore typically more stable than free sugars.

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The 7160 cal energy is required to melt 10. 0 g of ice at 0. 0°C, warm it to 100. 0°C and completely vaporize the sample.

Calculation,

Given data,

Mass of the ice = 10 g

Temperature of ice =  0. 0°C

Heat required at this stage = mas of the ice ×latent heat of fusion of ice

Heat required at this stage = 10 g×80 = 800 cal  

Heat required for this = mass of the ice×rise in temperature×specific heat of water

Heat required for this  = 10 g×100× 1 = 1000 cal

Heat required for this = Mass of water× latent heat

Heat required for this  = 10g ×536 =5360 cal

Total energy or heat required = sum of all heat = 800 +1000+ 5360  = 7160 cal

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High surface tension because of the attraction between water molecules helps bugs walk on the surface of the water.

Surface tension is important for insects that walk on water. They would sink without it. When compared to air molecules, water molecules are more strongly attracted to one another. Due to cohesion, this makes them attract and cling to one another strongly in a body of water. The water molecules between the molecules at the water's surface are more strongly attracted to one another because they do not have water molecules surrounding them on all sides.

As a result, there is an inward force that forms a "film" at the surface and causes the water to act as though a thin membrane were covering it. Surface tension is the term for this phenomena.

Surface tension can be used to the advantage of some insect and spider species. They don't break the water's surface when they stand on it because their negligible weight is insufficient to dissipate the force of surface tension. Instead, they make dimples or indentations in the surface with their feet, which rebound to move the insect ahead. This enables them to move swiftly over ponds, lakes, and rivers in search of prey.

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Two equivalents of NaOH are needed to fully neutralize the solution.

A neutralization reaction involves the reaction of an acid and a base to form salt and water. The reaction is exothermic in nature.

For example,

[tex]HCl (aq) + NaOH(aq)\rightarrow NaCl(aq) + H_2O (l)[/tex]

During the titration of [tex]H_2PO_4^-[/tex] it gives [tex]2H^+[/tex].

[tex]H_2PO_4^- \rightarrow 2H^+ +PO_4^3^-[/tex]

To neutralize these [tex]2H^+[/tex], 2 [tex]OH^-[/tex] is needed which come from 2 equivalents of NaOH

[tex]2NaOH \rightarrow2 Na^+ +2OH^-[/tex]

Therefore, 2 equivalents of NaOH are needed

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a b ⇌ ab

The equilibrium  Shifts left simultaneously, there’s an increase in the Reverse reaction.

When the addition of the reactant in reaction system then the equilibrium will shift to the right (forward) direction of the reaction.

What happens if the equilibrium shifts to the right?

What does it mean when equilibrium lies to the left?

When we say that an equilibrium is "to the left," we mean that the educt or reactant is preferred, meaning that there is more H2O present than H3O+ or OH.

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The molarity of the diluted solution is 4.16 M

Given:

volume of water = 45ml

volume of k2so4 = 250ml

Molarity of k2so4 = 0.75 M

To Find:

molarity of the diluted solution

Solution: Molarity (M) is the amount of a substance in a certain volume of solution. Molarity is defined as the moles of a solute per liters of a solution. Molarity is also known as the molar concentration of a solution

M1V1 = M2V2

45*M1 = 250*0.75

M1 = 250*0.75/45

M1 = 4.16 M

So, Molarity of given solution is 4.16 M

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The main reason for this is Average bond of O₂ is shorter and strong from O₃.

Ozone is a blue gas composed of three oxygen atoms bonded together.

It occurs naturally high up in the Earth's atmosphere, where it protects the surface from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays,

UV radiation will dissociate ozone into an oxygen atom and an oxygen molecule.

Ozone molecules are tetrahedral so the bond angle is  109 degree the electrons in the double bond occupy more space that the non-bonding electron pair.

Oxygen has a small size that leads to smaller O-O bond length.

A lone pair of electrons on both the oxygen repel each other leading to weakening of O-O bond.

O3 has longer and weaker bonds than O2, whereas SO2 has shorter and stronger bonds than SO.

Molecular oxygen, O2, is photolyzed by light of 241 nm and has a bond energy of 498 kJ/mol.

The main reason for this is Average bond of O₂ is shorter and strong from O₃.

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For the sequential deprotonations of a polyprotic acid, the equilibrium constants will typically decrease with each successive ionization.

For explaining above statement let's take an example of polyprotic acid like phosphoric acid.

In the phospheric acid [tex]H_{3} PO_{4}[/tex], after deprotonation of one hydrogen results as [tex]H_{2} PO_{4}^{-}[/tex] and equilibrium constant as [tex]K_{1}[/tex] . [tex]H_{2} PO_{4}^{-}[/tex]  donate one hydrogen results as [tex]H_{} PO_{4}^{-2}[/tex] and equilibrium constant as [tex]K_{2}[/tex] . Similarly,  [tex]H_{} PO_{4}^{-2}[/tex]  donate one hydrogen results as [tex]PO_{4}^{-3}[/tex] and equilibrium constant as [tex]K_{3}[/tex] . The removing of hygen ion from nuetral molecule is easier than removal of hydrogen ion from ionic species So, the value of [tex]K_{1}[/tex] is greater than  [tex]K_{2}[/tex] and value of  [tex]K_{2}[/tex]  is greater than [tex]K_{3}[/tex].

So, the equilibrium constants of polyprotic acid will typically decrease with each successive ionization.

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Potential advantages of using water as a solvent in organic chemistry are:

Disadvantages of using water as a solvent in organic chemistry

Water is the most common liquefaction solvent. Not only is water an environmentally friendly solvent that is inexpensive and does not pollute the environment, but it also facilitates the recovery and recycling of inorganic matter contained in biomass in ionic form for eventual use as fertilizers.

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45,849 calories are given off when 85 gram of steam condenses to liquid water.

Vaporization is always a highly endothermic (heat-absorbing) process because you must break all the intermolecular interactions present inside of the liquid phase.

So,

Q = mass × heat of vapourization

Q = m×ΔH[tex]_{vap}[/tex]

Q = 85 × 539.4

Q = 45,849 cal

Therefore, 45,849 calories are given off when 85 gram of steam condenses to liquid water.

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Then the new pressure of the sample of nitrogen is  1.28 atm

So, option D is correct one.

Calculation,

Formula used : [tex]P_{1} V_{1} /T_{1} =P_{2} V_{2}/T_{2}[/tex]             (i)

Where , P is pressure and V is the volume

Given data,

[tex]P_{1}[/tex] = 3. 65 atm

[tex]V_{1}[/tex] = 21. 2 L

[tex]P_{2}[/tex] =

[tex]V_{2}[/tex] = 62. 6 L

[tex]T_{1}[/tex] = 22°C = 22+273 = 295 K

[tex]T_{2}[/tex] = 34°C = 34 +273 = 307 K

Putting the value of all data given in equation (i) we get,

3. 65 atm ×  21. 2 L/295 K = [tex]P_{2}[/tex] ×  62. 6 L / 307 K

[tex]P_{2}[/tex] = 3. 65 atm × 21. 2 L × 307 K/295 K × 62. 6 L = 1.28 atm

Then the new pressure the sample of nitrogen is  1.28 atm

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The correct order of increasing dipole moment is BCl3 < BIF2 < BClF2.

What is dipole moment?

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The element "X" is "O" (oxygen).

Given,

Chemical formula = Na₂CX₃

Formula mass = 106 amu

Molar mass of Na = 23 amu

Molar mass of C = 12 amu

To find,

Element X =?

We will equate the equation as follows,

2(23) + 12 + 3(y) = 106

46 + 12 + 3y =106

58 + 3y = 106

3y = 106 - 58

3y = 48

y = 48/3

y = 16

We know that Oxygen has molecular mass of 16. Therefore the element "X" is "O".

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Synthetic fertilizer

It is a process developed by two scientists - Kristian Birkeland and  Sam Eyde - to fix atmospheric nitrogen for the production of fertilizer.

The nitrogen oxide produced is then used in the production of nitric acid and eventually, the production of synthetic fertilizer.

First, nitrogen is fixed into nitrogen oxide:

[tex]N_2 + O_2 --- > 2NO[/tex]

Then, the NO is oxidized:

[tex]2NO + O_2 -- > 2NO_2[/tex]

The nitrous oxide produced is then dissolved in water to form nitric acid:

[tex]3NO_2 + H_2O --- > 2HNO_3 + NO[/tex]

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The concept of coupling reactions can be more understood knowing that Gibbs free energy is a state function. State function is a property that does not depend on the path taken to arrive to that value

What is Coupling reaction ?

A reaction where the the free energy of a thermodynamically favorable transformation, such as the hydrolysis of ATP, and a thermodynamically unfavorable one, are mechanistically joined into a new reaction (or may be envisaged to be so joined) is known as a coupled reaction.

How do you make an unfavorable reaction favorable?

Chemically unfavorable means non-spontaneous which means Gibbs' free energy change (ΔG) is positive, i.e. ΔG>0.

But we know that ΔG=ΔH−TΔS. Now ΔH and ΔS (enthalpy and entropy change, respectively) are state functions. So ΔG is also a state function.

Catalysts can only change the pathway of a reaction (in most of the cases, by lowering the activation energy of the reaction (Ea)) but after using the catalysts also, the energy states of the reactants and products don't alter. So ΔH and ΔS remain the same as uncatalysed reaction. So ΔG also doesn't change at all. So if the reaction is non-spontaneous, it remains like that.

That means, the thermodynamically unfavorable reaction can't be made favorable by introducing a catalyst.

But changing the temperature to a very high value can make ΔG<0, so the reaction can be made favorable by abruptly increasing temperature.

What are favorable and unfavorable reactions?

Reactions that release energy are energetically favorable. Conversely, reactions in which the products are higher in energy than the reactants require an input of energy to proceed; such reactions are energetically unfavorable

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36°C

The correct reading of the temperature in the pictured thermometer is 36°C.

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The given statement "To use the gas law constant R=0.0821 the unit for temperature should be kelvin and the unit for pressure should be atmospheres" is -----true.

What is the ideal gas law?

The ideal gas law tells us about behavior of ideal gas through a equation and postulates.The ideal gas law is considered as ideal gas equation.

The ideal gas equation is given as.

PV = nRT

where,

The value of R depends upon units of temperature, pressure and volume.

Why is Kelvin used in gas laws?

The Kelvin scale is used in gas law problems because the pressure and volume of a gas depend on the kinetic energy or motion of the particles.

How are pressure and Kelvin temperature related?

It states that, at a constant volume, the pressure of a given amount of a particular gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature. It can be written as: P ∝ T, or. P/T = k where k is a constant,

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