Calculate the Molecular or Formula massof each of the following:
(a) P4
(b) H2O
(c) Ca(NO3)2
(d) CH3CO2H(acetic acid)
(e) C12H22O11(sucrose, cane sugar)

Answer:

51.16% H₂O

Explanation:

To find the percent water in the hydrate, you need to

(1) calculate the masses of 7H₂O and MgSO₄ · 7H₂O

(2) calculate the percent composition

(Step 1)

Atomic Mass (Mg): 24.305 g/mol

Atomic Mass (S): 32.065 g/mol

Atomic Mass (O): 15.999 g/mol

Atomic Mass (H): 1.008 g/mol

Mass (MgSO₄): 24.305 g + 32.065 g + 4(15.999 g/mol) = 120.366 g

Mass (7H₂O): 14(1.008 g/mol) + 7(15.999 g/mol) = 126.105 g

Mass (MgSO₄·7H₂O): 120.366 g + 126.105 g = 246.471 g

(Step 2)

                                                Mass Water
Percent Composition  =  ----------------------------  x  100%
                                                Total Mass

                                                    126.105 g H₂O
Percent Composition  =  --------------------------------------  x  100%
                                          246.471 g MgSO₄·7H₂O

Percent Composition = 51.16% H₂O

16 fluid ounce bottle of witch hazel will have 66.24ml of ethyl alcohol.

volume percent of a solution is the ratio of the volume of a solute present in a solution to the volume of the solution as a whole.

Volume Percent  =  V solute(mL)/V solution(mL)  ×  100

Volume Percent  =  V solute(mL)/V solute(mL)+V solvent(mL)  ×  100

14% of 16 fluid ounce

=(14/100)×16

=0.14×16

=2.24 fluid ounce

=66.24ml

To know more about volume percentage in chemistry, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/12919537

#SPJ1

What are the following masses

Please complete the questions

The gravitational radius (Rg) of the black holes would be approximately; 4.0 Mʘ black hole: 0.00332179 miles, 10.0 Mʘ black hole: 0.00830584 miles, 25.0 Mʘ black hole: 0.0207646 miles, and 10^8 Mʘ black hole: 8,305.84 miles.

To calculate the Gravitational Radius (Rg) of a black hole, you can use the formula:

Rg = 2 × G × M

where Rg is gravitational radius, G is gravitational constant (approximately 6.67430 × 10⁻¹¹ m³ kg⁻¹ s⁻²), and M is mass of the black hole in solar masses (Mʘ).

Given that Rg is defined as 2 miles per solar mass (Mʘ), we can convert the result to miles using the conversion factor of 1 mile = 1.60934 kilometers.

Let's calculate the Rg for the different masses

For a 4.0 Mʘ black hole:

Rg = 2 × G × M = 2 × (6.67430 × 10⁻¹¹ m³ kg⁻¹ s⁻²) × 4.0

Rg = 5.33944 × 10⁻¹⁰ m = 0.00332179 miles

For a 10.0 Mʘ black hole:

Rg = 2 × G × M = 2 × (6.67430 × 10⁻¹¹ m³ kg⁻¹ s⁻²) × 10.0

Rg = 1.33486 × 10⁻⁹ m = 0.00830584 miles

For a 25.0 Mʘ black hole:

Rg = 2 × G × M = 2 × (6.67430 × 10⁻¹¹ m³ kg⁻¹ s⁻²) × 25.0

Rg = 3.33715 × 10⁻⁹ m = 0.0207646 miles

For a 10⁸ Mʘ black hole:

Rg = 2 × G × M = 2 × (6.67430 × 10⁻¹¹ m³ kg⁻¹ s⁻²) × (10⁸)

Rg = 1.33486 × 10¹⁰ m = 8,305.84 miles

Therefore, the gravitational radius (Rg) of the black holes would be approximately:

4.0 Mʘ black hole: 0.00332179 miles

10.0 Mʘ black hole: 0.00830584 miles

25.0 Mʘ black hole: 0.0207646 miles

10^8 Mʘ black hole: 8,305.84 miles

To know more about black hole here

https://brainly.com/question/32885855

#SPJ2

--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is

"If the Gravitational Radius (Rg) of a black hole is 2 miles per solar mass (Mʘ), what would be the Rg  of the black holes with the following masses: A 4.0 Mo black hole? B 10.0 Mo black hole? C 25.0 Mo black hole? D 108 Mo black hole? "--

One sigma and two pi bonds make up the triple bond in the diatomic molecule of nitrogen.

As with all molecules, molecular nitrogen is made up of two nitrogen atoms triple bonded to one another. As with all molecules, this triple bonding allows the outer electron shells of the two nitrogen atoms to fill up, making the molecule more stable than the individual nitrogen atoms.

With another nitrogen atom, three of them form a triple bond (which also has five electrons in its outermost shell). Because of this, a nitrogen molecule has a triple bond between two nitrogen atoms and a lone pair on each nitrogen atom.

To know more about triple bond visit:

brainly.com/question/28872988

#SPJ1

There are two characteristics of molecules, one is geometry and other is shape. Shape is excluding lone pair surrounding the central element and geometry is including the lone pair. Therefore, the angle of the given molecule can be found out by VSEPR theory.

VSEPR stands for valence shell electron pair repulsions. VSEPR theory is used to predict the shape and geometry of molecules on the basis of valence electrons pairs that are present around the central element of the molecule.

According to VSEPR theory, Lone pair lone pair repulsion is greater than bond pair bond pair repulsion. There are so many limitations of VSEPR theory. There is a repulsion between bond pair electrons and lone pairs present on the central element.

a) bond angle is 180°

b)bond angle is 120°

c)bond angle is 107.28'

d)bond angle is 109.28'

Therefore, the angle of the given molecule can be found out by VSEPR theory.

To know more about VSEPR theory, here:

https://brainly.com/question/19582124

#SPJ1

From the solubility curve, it is clear that 84 g of potassium nitrate can be dissolved in 100 g of water at 50°C.

Solubility is defined as the ability of a substance which is basically solute to form a solution with another substance. There is an extent to which a substance is soluble in a particular solvent. This is generally measured as the concentration of a solute present in a saturated solution.

The solubility mainly depends on the composition of solute and solvent ,its pH and presence of other dissolved substance. It is also dependent on temperature and pressure which is maintained.Concept of solubility is not valid for chemical reactions which are irreversible.

Learn more about solubility,here:

https://brainly.com/question/3479494

#SPJ1

A) Pentanal aldehyde can be prepared from CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH by the oxidation with PCC.

B)  Pentanal can be prepared from CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH=CH₂ by ozonolysis with the help of  O₃ /Zn.

C) Pentanal can be prepared from ester CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CO₂CH₃ by hydrolysis and then reduction with LiAlH₄.

D) Pentanal can be prepared from CH₃CH₂CH₂CH=CH₂ by using BH₃/H₂O/NaOH followed by PCC.

Pentanal or valeraldehyde can be described as an organic compound an alkyl aldehyde, with molecular formula C₅H₁₀O. Pentanal can be used in flavorings, rubber accelerators, and resin chemistry. The smell of Pentanal is described as fermented, bready, fruity, nutty, and berry.

Pentanal can be obtained by hydroformylation of butene and can be used as starting material such as the so-called raffinate II, which is formed by steam cracking and consists of (Z)- and (E)-2-butene, 1-butene, butane, and isobutane.

Learn more about Aldehyde, here:

https://brainly.com/question/17101347

#SPJ1

Considering the formal charges, the lewis structure in which the electronegative atom (O) contains a negative charge and the electropositive (N) contains a positive charge represents bonding in the N₂O. Therefore, option (B) is correct.

A formal charge in chemical bonding can be described as the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule by considering that electrons in all chemical bonds are equally shared between atoms, regardless of relative electronegativity.

The formal charge can be described as the difference between the number of valence electrons of an atom in a neutral state and the number assigned in a Lewis structure to that atom.

When determining the best Lewis structure for a molecule, the structure is selected such that the formal charge is as close to zero on each atom.

Learn more about formal charges, here:

https://brainly.com/question/11723212

#SPJ1

Answer:

A neutron is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of every atom except that of simple hydrogen.

Explanation:

Answer:

With the exception of simple hydrogen, every atom has a neutron in its nucleus. The fact that the particle has no electrical charge it is neutral gives it its name. Neutrons have a very high density.

_________________

Hope this helps!

Have a great day!

When 1-Chloropentane is treated with sodium ethoxide, it follows the SN2 mechanism. Therefore, option (1) is correct.

The SN2 reaction can be defined as a type of reaction mechanism where one bond is broken and one bond is formed in one step. "SN" refers that the reaction is a nucleophilic substitution and proceeds via a bi-molecular mechanism. Here, both the reacting chemical species are involved in the rate-determining step.

The reaction takes place at an aliphatic sp³ carbon center with an electronegative, stable leaving group attached to a halide atom. The breaking of the C-X bond and the formation of the new bond occur simultaneously via a transition state in which a carbon under nucleophilic attack will be pentacoordinate.

Learn more about SN2 mechanism, here:

https://brainly.com/question/14587555

#SPJ1

The Fischer projection given here is for L-enantiomer and ketopentose. Option B is correct, as there is a ketone group present in the carbohydrate monomer. Carbohydrate can have an aldehyde or ketone as a functional group.

Carbohydrate monomer is a single unit that can either have an aldehyde functional group called aldose or a ketone functional group called ketose. Here in the given diagram, the monomer has a ketone group (C=O) and has five carbons, so it is considered a keto pentose. Carbohydrates are classified into L and D forms based on their OH group, and this L and D form differs from the "l" and "d" form (classified on the direction of movement around the plane polarized light).

Hence, this given diagram is L-enantiomer and keto pentose, which is option B.

Learn more about carbohydrates here.

https://brainly.com/question/13265192

#SPJ1

The ozone layer is present in the stratosphere layer of the Earth's atmosphere. Therefore, option (C) is correct.

An atmosphere can be defined as layers of gases that envelop a planet and is held in place due to the gravity of the planetary body. A planet contains an atmosphere when the gravity is great and the temperature of the atmosphere of any planet is low.

Earth's atmosphere is made of Nitrogen (78 %), Oxygen (21%), Argon (0.9%), and Carbon dioxide (0.04 %).  The troposphere can be defined as the lowest layer of the atmosphere. The troposphere contains 75 to 80 % of the mass of the atmosphere.

The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, at an altitude between 15km and 35km. This atmospheric layer absorbs most of the UV radiation that Earth receives from the Sun.

Learn more about the atmosphere, here:

https://brainly.com/question/29379794

#SPJ1

Based on how chemical equations are written, the given chemical reaction: Four atoms of aluminum metal react quickly with 3 molecules of oxygen in the air to produce 2 molecules of aluminum oxide can be written as follows:

Word equation: Aluminum metal + oxygen gas ---> Aluminum oxide

Reactants: Aluminum metal and oxygen gas

Products: Aluminum oxide

Known states of matter: solid + gas ---> solid

Equation: 4 Al (s) + 3 O₂ (g) ---> 2 Al₂O₃ (s)

A chemical reaction is a type of change that results in changes in the chemical properties of substances.

Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms of substances and result in the formation of new substances.

Chemical reactions can be represented by a chemical equation.

Chemical equations use symbols to represent the reactants and the products of a reaction.

Learn more about chemical equations at: https://brainly.com/question/26694427

#SPJ1

Ideal gas law is valid only for ideal gas not for vanderwaal gas. Combined Boyle's and Charles' gas law is used here. Therefore the new pressure of nitrogen gas is 2.18 atm when the temperature is changed to 310K and volume is expanded to 50.8 L.

Ideal gas equation is the mathematical expression that relates pressure volume and temperature.

Mathematically the relation between Pressure, volume and temperature can be given as

PV=nRT

where,

P = pressure of gas

V= volume of gas

n =number of moles of gas

T =temperature of gas

R = Gas constant = 0.0821 L.atm/K.mol

Combining Boyle's and Charles' gas law

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

{ ( 4.45) ( 23.6)} ÷296K ={ (P2) (50.8 )} ÷310

P2 =0.35÷0.16 = 2.18 atm

Therefore the new pressure of nitrogen gas is 2.18 atm when the temperature is changed to 310K and volume is expanded to 50.8 L.

To learn more about ideal gas equation, here:

https://brainly.com/question/14826347

#SPJ1

The number of moles is present at 0.0174 mole.

Mole is the unit of quantity of substance inside the global machine of units (SI). the amount quantity of the substance is a degree of how many primary entities of a given substance are in an item or pattern. The mole is described as containing exactly 6.02214076×1023 fundamental entities

Calculation:-

given

V =   1.25 L

T = 31°C = 304 k

P = 304

R =8.314

PV  =  nRTn

n = Pv/RT

n =3.6 × 1.25/8.314×304

   = 0.0174

Learn more about mole here:-brainly.com/question/15356425

#SPJ1

Answer:

73.05g

Explanation:

1.25 mol NaCl * [tex]\frac{58.44g}{1 mol NaCl}[/tex] = 73.05g

58.44g = molar mass of NaCl

There will be 18 groups in periodic table and hafnium is a kind of transition element.

Groups were the names given to the periodic table's columns. In the table, individuals who belong to the same group make bonds of the same kind and contain an equal quantity of electrons in respective molecules' outermost shells. Periods contain the horizontal rows.

1. 18 group 2. Zinc  3. Transition element 4.  7th period

5. Hydrogen, lithium sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium.

6. Tin(Sn) 7. The eight electron  8. Actinides  9. 7 valence electron

10.  47 neutron  11. 6th period and 11th group 12. Argon 13. Metalloid

14. Halogen located in 17th group   15. Copernicium   16. 2 electron                 17. 5 shells     18. Non metal    19. Sulphur      20. 13 group            21. Metal 22. D or transition     23. 117    24. Copper   25. Submetallic  26. 74             27. Sn   28. Alkaline earth metal   29. 18 element  30. 125

To know more about periodic table.

https://brainly.com/question/7373020

#SPJ1

The total number of the electron pairs are eight electron pairs.

We know that the structure of a compound can be determined by the number of the electron pairs that are found on the valence shell of the central atom of the compound.

We know that the central atom must be the atom that is least electronegative. Given that there are four valence electrons of carbon which is the central atom in the compound, we have eight electron pairs  in the molecule. Thus the total number of valence electrons present is sixteen

Learn more about electron pairs:https://brainly.com/question/19168427

#SPJ1

The oxidation number of the chlorine (Cl) in extraction of bromine from sea water is -1, oxidation number of sodium is +1 and the oxidation number of bromine is -1.

Bromine is obtained from sea water by oxidizing the ionic state of bromine Br⁻ into Br₂, Br₂ is easily hydrolyzed. In order to prevent hydrolysis it is important to lower the pH of the solution which is done by increasing the level of H⁺ ions in the solution.

The balanced chemical reaction for extraction of bromine from sea water is given as:

Cl₂ (g) + 2 NaBr (aq) → 2 NaCl (g) + Br₂ (l)

Hence, from the above equation oxidation numbers of chlorine, bromine and sodium are -1, -1 and +1 respectively.

Learn more about oxidation numbers from the link given below.

https://brainly.com/question/29100691

#SPJ1

Answer:

J.J. Thomson.

Explanation:

The credit for the discovery of the electron and its properties goes to J.J. Thomson based on his experiments carried out in a discharge tube. He suggested that electrons are necessary constituents of all atoms. J.J. Thomson carried out experiments by taking a gas at low pressure of 0.01mm Hg in a discharge tube.

Answer:

J.J. Thomson used a Crookes, or cathode ray, tube to conduct experiments that led to the discovery of the electron in 1897. He provided evidence that cathode rays have a negative charge. He also investigated positively charged neon gas particles.

Explanation:

The final temperature of the steam at 10MPa is equal to 390 °C.

Gay-Lussac's law can be described as if the volume (V) of the gas remains constant the pressure (P) is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (T) of the gas.

Gay Lussca's law in the form of mathematical expression as follows:

P/T = k

The pressure at constant volume is directly proportional to the temperature of gas.

P ∝ T                                (where V of gas is constant)

or, [tex]{\displaystyle \frac{T_2}{T_1} =\big (\frac{P_2}{P_1}\big)^\frac{\gamma-1}{\gamma}[/tex]   for isentropic compression

Given, the initial temperature of the steam, T₁ = 300°C =300 + 273 =573 K

The initial pressure of the steam, P₁ = 6 MPa

The final temperature of the steam, P₂ = 10MPa

The final temperature of the steam can be determined as:

[tex]{\displaystyle \frac{T_2}{573} =\big (\frac{10}{6}\big)^\frac{1.4-1}{1.4}[/tex]

T₂ = 663 K

T₂ = 663 K - 273 K

T₂ = 390 °C

Learn more about Gay Lussac's law, here:

brainly.com/question/11387781

#SPJ1

The amount of heat released when 100.0 grams of steam condenses to water at 100.0º C is 224000 J.

The amount of heat released when 100.0 grams of steam condenses to water at 100.0º C is calculated from the formula given below:

Amount of heat = mass * latent heat of vaporization of water

The latent heat of vaporization of water is the amount of heat required to convert a unit mass of water to steam at100 0.0º C or vice versa.

The latent heat of vaporization of water is 2240 J/g

mass of steam = 100.0 g

Amount of heat required = 100.0 g * 2240 J/g

Amount of heat required = 224000 J

Learn more about latent heat of vaporization at: https://brainly.com/question/14497212

#SPJ1

Phosphorous  forms compounds in +3 or +5 oxidation state, leaving an electronic configuration as 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² in case of +3 and in case of+5 it is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶,as in these configurations all electrons are paired so phosphorous becomes diamagnetic .

Electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons which are present in an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.It describes how each electron moves independently in an orbital.

Knowledge of electronic configuration is necessary for understanding the structure of periodic table.It helps in understanding the chemical properties of elements.

Elements undergo chemical reactions in order to achieve stability. Main group elements obey the octet rule in their electronic configuration while the transition elements follow the 18 electron rule. Noble elements have valence shell complete in ground state and hence are said to be stable.

Learn more about electronic configuration,here:

https://brainly.com/question/13497372

#SPJ1

Answer:

Music has the ability to deeply affect our mental states and raise our mood. When we need it, music gives us energy and motivation. When we're worried, it can soothe us; when we're weary, it can encourage us; and when we're feeling deflated, it can re-inspire us.

Explanation:

Mark now as BRANLIEST!!!!

The concentration of the solution if the absorbance of the solution at 427 nm is 0.15 and the molar absorptivity of yellow dye at 427 nm is 5.47 × 10-⁶M.

Absorbance in physics is a logarithmic measure of the amount of light that is absorbed when passing through a substance.

It is the capacity of a substance to absorb light of a given wavelength. According to this question, the absorbance of the solution at 427 nm is 0.15.

A = εmCl

Where;

C = 0.15 ÷ (27400 × 1)

C = 5.47 × 10-⁶M

Therefore, 5.47 × 10-⁶M is the concentration of the solution.

Learn more about absorbance at: https://brainly.com/question/28812538

#SPJ1

Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, the percent yield of BaCO₃ is 81.07%.

In first place, the balanced reaction is:

BaCl₂ + Na₂CO₃ → BaCO₃ + 2 NaCl

By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

Molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution and indicates the number of moles of solute that are dissolved in a given volume.

The molarity of a solution is calculated by:

molarity= number of moles÷ volume

In first place, you know:

Replacing in the definition of molarity:

0.500 M= number of moles of Na₂CO₃÷ 0.025 L

Solving:

number of moles of Na₂CO₃= 0.500 M× 0.025 L

number of moles of Na₂CO₃= 0.0125 moles

0.500 M= number of moles of BaCl₂÷ 0.025 L

Solving:

number of moles of BaCl₂= 0.500 M× 0.025 L

number of moles of BaCl₂= 0.0125 moles

This indicates that 0.0125 mol of Na₂CO₃ and 0.0125 mol of BaCl₂ are present.

Since the stoichiometric ratio of the reactants is 1:1, if 0.0125 mol of Na₂CO₃ and BaCl₂ are present, since the amounts are equal, it makes no difference to work with any of the reactants.

The percent yield is the ratio of the actual return to the theoretical return expressed as a percentage.

The percent yield is calculated as the experimental yield divided by the theoretical yield multiplied by 100%:

percent yield= (actual yield÷ theoretical yield)×100%

where the theoretical yield is the amount of product acquired through the complete conversion of all reagents in the final product, that is, it is the maximum amount of product that could be formed from the given amounts of reagents.

The following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 1 mole of BaCl₂ form 1 mole of BaCO₃, 0.0125 moles of BaCl₂ form how many moles of BaCO₃?

moles of BaCO₃= (0.0125 moles of BaCl₂×1 mole of BaCO₃)÷ 1 mole of BaCl₂

moles of BaCO₃= 0.0125 moles

Being the molar mass of BaCO₃ 197.35 g/mole, the theoretical yield of BaCO₃ is calculated as:

theoretical yield of BaCO₃=  0.0125 moles× 197.35 g/mole

theoretical yield of BaCO₃= 2.466875 grams

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the definition of percent yield:

percent yield= (2 grams÷ 2.466875 grams)× 100 %

Solving:

percent yield= 81.07%

Finally, the percent yield for the reaction is 81.07%.

Learn more about the reaction stoichiometry:

brainly.com/question/24741074

brainly.com/question/24653699

#SPJ1

The sample has a new pressure of 274kPa. If at 105 kPa and 275K, a 220 mL sample of helium gas is contained in a cylinder with a moving piston. The sample is pushed till it has a 95.0 mL volume and 310K .

The macroscopic characteristics of ideal gases are related by the ideal gas law (PV = nRT). A gas is considered to be perfect if its particles (a) do not interact with one another and (b) occupy no space (have no volume). Where P= pressure  V= volume and T = temperature.

From ideal gas equation

P₁V₁/T₁ =P₂V₂/T₂

105×220÷275 = P₂ ×95÷310

P₂= (105×220×310)÷(275×95)

P2= 7161000/26125

P2 = 274.105 kPa

Hence, the new pressure of helium gas is 274kPa

To know more about Ideas gas equation

https://brainly.com/question/28837405

#SPJ1

Answer:

0, 0, 0, +1, 0

Explanation:

Because the compound has a +1 charge overall, the sum of the formal charges must equal +1.  The correct answer is the Lewis structure with as many atoms as possible having the formal charge of 0 with just a single atoms having the +1 formal charge.

The reaction is spontaneous under conditions of low pressure and high temperature

We can say that a reaction is spontaneous when we know that the reaction is able to go on on its own. This implies that there is a mnimum energy that is required for the reaction to proceed.

The reaction is thus a sort of a self propagating system that goes on freely of its own accord.. We can see that what is going on here is the decomposition of the nitrogen V oxide gas as shown.

Learn more about decomposition reaction:https://brainly.com/question/16987748

#SPJ1