Carbon dioxide released by automobiles is an example of a(n) non-point source of pollution.
Nonpoint source pollution is typically caused by hydrologic alteration, drainage, seepage, precipitation, especially land runoff. Contrary to pollution from industries and sewage treatment facilities, nonpoint source (NPS) pollution originates from a variety of diffuse sources.
Point-source pollution can be defined as pollution coming from a single, distinguishable source, such as a factory and sewage plant output pipe. Nonpoint-source pollution would be pollution that doesn't come from a single source or point.
Therefore, Carbon dioxide released by automobiles is an example of a(n) non-point source of pollution.
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He fuel used in many disposable lighters is liquid butane, c4h10c4h10. butane has a molecular weight of 58. 1 grams in one mole. how many carbon atoms are in 2. 00 gg of butane?
Carbon atoms present in 2. 00 g of butane is 8.28 × 10^22.
Molecular weight of C4H10 is = 58.1 grams
Moles of butane = given mass/ molar mass
= 2/58.1
= 0.0344 mol
Multiply the number of moles by Avogadro's number. This will let you obtain the number of butane molecules:
0.0344 x 6.023 x 10^{23} molecules of butane = 2.07 × 10^22 molecules
of butane
Now multiply this number by four (due to four carbon atoms per butane molecule) to obtain the answer:
so, no. of carbon atoms = 4 x 2.07x 10^22 = 8.28x 10^22 atoms.
Thus the no. of carbon atom is 8.28×10^22.
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Calculate the ph after 10. 0 ml of 0. 40 m naoh is added to 20. 0 ml of 0. 50 m hc.
The pH is 13.31.
The smaller the pH value the more acidic, the larger the pH value the more basic.
The range is 0 to 14, with 7 representing neutrality. Acidity is indicated by pH values below 7, whereas baseness is shown by pH values above 7.
Molarity (M) is the amount of a substance in a certain volume of solution. Molarity is defined as the moles of a solute per liters of a solution.
Molarity of NaOH = 0.40 M
Volume of NaOH = 10.0 mL
Molarity of HCL = 0.50 M
Volume of HCL = 20.0 ml
[tex][OH^-] = (M_2V_2 -M_1V_1)/(V_1+V_2)\\[/tex]
[tex]= (0.50*20.0 - 0.40*10.0) / (20+10)[/tex]
[tex]= (10 -4)/ 30\\[/tex]
[tex]= 6/30[/tex]
[tex]=0.2[/tex]
[tex]pOH = - log (OH ^-)[/tex]
[tex]pOH = - log (0.2)\\[/tex]
[tex]pOH = - ( - 0.698)[/tex]
[tex]pOH = 0.69[/tex]
[tex]pH + pOH = 14[/tex]
[tex]pH = 14 -0.69[/tex]
[tex]pH = 13.31[/tex]
Therefore, the pH after 10.0 mL of 0.40 M NaOH is 13.31.
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if there are 12 moles of hydrogen how many moles of nitrogen are needed to react completely with the hydrogen? (N2(g)+3H2(g)->2NH3(g))
Answer:
Explanation:
Take a look at the balanced chemical equation for this synthesis reaction
N
2(g]
+
3
H
2(g]
→
2
NH
3(g]
Notice that you have a
1
:
3
mole ratio between nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas. This means that, regardless of how many moles of nitrogen gas you have, the reaction will always consume twice as many moles of hydrogen gas.
So, if you have
2
moles of nitrogen taking part in the reaction, you will need
2
moles N
2
⋅
3
moles H
2
1
mole N
2
=
6 moles H
2
What is the process that involves the breaking of intermolecular forces that hold an enzyme into the ordered three dimensional shape?
The process that involves the breaking of intermolecular forces that hold an enzyme is known as denaturation.
What are enzymes?
A substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.Almost all enzymes are proteins. There are some nucleic acids that behave like enzymes. These are called ribozymes. An enzyme like any protein has a primary structure, i.e., amino acid sequence of the protein. An enzyme like any protein has the secondary and the tertiary structure. A tertiary structure that contains the backbone of the protein chain folds upon itself, the chain criss-crosses itself and hence, many crevices or pockets are made. One such pocket is the ‘active site’. An active site of an enzyme is a crevice or pocket into which the substrate fits. Thus enzymes, through their active site, catalyse reactions at a high rate.To learn more about enzymes: https://brainly.com/question/1996362
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The molar volume of copper (63.5 g.mol^–1 ) at 25°C is 7.09 cm^3.mol^–1. What is the density of copper at 25°C in g.cm^3?
Considering the definition of molar volume and density,the density of copper at 25°C is 8.96 [tex]\frac{g}{cm^{3} }[/tex].
Molar volumeMolar volume is an intensive property that indicates how much space one mole of a certain substance or compound occupies. In other words, the molar volume is the space occupied by one mole of a substance.
The expression to calculate the molar volume is:
Vm= V÷ n
where:
V is the occupied volume.n is the molar amount of the substance.DensityDensity is defined as the property that matter, whether solid, liquid or gas, has to compress into a given space.
In other words, density is a quantity that allows us to measure the amount of mass in a certain volume of a substance.
Then, the expression for the calculation of density is the quotient between the mass of a body and the volume it occupies:
density= mass÷ volume
Relationship between molar volume and densityThe relationship between molar volume and density is reflected in the following expression, where the molar volume is calculated by dividing the molar mass (M) by the mass density (ρ):
Vm= M÷ρ
Density of copperIn this case, you know:
Vm= 7.09 [tex]\frac{cm^{3} }{mol}[/tex]M= 63.5 [tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]ρ= ?Replacing in the relationship between molar volume and density:
7.09 [tex]\frac{cm^{3} }{mol}[/tex]= 63.5 [tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]÷ρ
Solving:
7.09 [tex]\frac{cm^{3} }{mol}[/tex]×ρ= 63.5 [tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]
ρ= 63.5 [tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]÷7.09 [tex]\frac{cm^{3} }{mol}[/tex]
ρ= 8.96 [tex]\frac{g}{cm^{3} }[/tex]
Finally, the density of copper at 25°C is 8.96 [tex]\frac{g}{cm^{3} }[/tex].
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The energy of the ground state in the bohr model is -13. 6 ev. the energy of the n = 2 is:_______
Bohr's model explained the position of the electron, proton, and neutron in the atom of the element. The energy at the n = 2 level of the atom will be - 3.40 eV.
What is the principal quantum number (n)?The principal quantum number (n) has been the distance of the electron of that atom in the nucleus and its energy in the structure. It can also be said to define the size of the atomic orbit.
n = 2 is the first excited state whose energy is calculated as:
Eₙ = − 13.6 ÷ n² eV
E₂ = - 13.6 eV ÷ 2²
= -3.40 eV
Therefore, -3.40 eV is the energy of electron at n = 2.
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Determine the molecular formula of a compound whose molecular mass is 60.00 g/mol and has an empirical formula of ch4n. ch4n c2h5n2 c2h8n2 c3h12n3
Molecular formula of a compound whose molecular mass is 60.00 g/mol and has an empirical formula of C₂H₈N₂.
We know the empirical formula and thus the molar mass of the empirical formula, we simply need to find out how many of these fit into the molar mass of the molecular formula.
In this problem, we have an empirical formula of CH₄N
so the molar mass is 12 + 4 + 14 = 30 g/mol.
Molecular formula mass/Empirical formula mass=60 g/mol/30 g/mol=2
The molecular formula is TWICE that of the empirical formula.
Molecular formula = 2XCH₄N = C₂H₈N₂
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Answer:
C2H8N2
Explanation:
edge 2023
How many molecules of propane were in the erlenmeyer flask? Avogadro's number is 6. 022 × 10^23 molecules/mol
3.74×[tex]10^{21}[/tex]
3.74 ×[tex]10^{21}[/tex] molecules of propane were in the erlenmeyer flask.
number of moles of propane can be calculated as moles of propane.
mass of propane = 0.274 g
molar mass of propane = 44.1
So this gives us the value of 6.21×[tex]10^{-3}[/tex] moles of propane
No one mole of propane As a 6.0-2 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex]
so, 6.21 ×[tex]10^{-3}[/tex] × 6. 022 × 10^23
= 3.74 ×[tex]10^{21}[/tex]
Therefore, molecules of propane were in the erlenmeyer flask is found to be 3.74 ×[tex]10^{21}[/tex]
What is erlenmeyer flask?A laboratory flask with a flat bottom, a conical body, and a cylindrical neck is known as an Erlenmeyer flask, sometimes known as a conical flask or a titration flask. It bears the name Emil Erlenmeyer after the German chemist.What purpose does an Erlenmeyer flask serve?Liquids are contained in Erlenmeyer flasks, which are also used for mixing, heating, chilling, incubating, filtering, storing, and other liquid-handling procedures. For titrations and boiling liquids, their sloped sides and small necks make it possible to whirl the contents without worrying about spills.To learn more about calculating total molecules visit:
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number of oxygen atoms in 16 g of So2??
Now , we know that one mole of SO² Contains 2 Moles ( two ) of atoms of oxygen . Hence , 16 Grams of SO² Contains 0.5 Mole(s) of Oxygen
0.5
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Compared with the energy it takes to separate oxygen and hydrogen from water, how much energy is released when they recombine?.
The same amount of energy released when they recombine
Yes, the energy required to separate water into O2 and H2 is at least equal to the energy released when these gases come together to form water.
What is the process for separating water into it's constituents ?The process of separating water into hydrogen and oxygen is known as electrolysis. This reaction occurs in a device known as an electrolyzer.
This is around 260 kJ per mole of water, or just under 5 eV per water molecule (4 electrons times 1.23 V). One litre of water would require at least 16 MJ (4.4 kWh) in order to be split, which is more energy than would be required to send one litre of water into deep space.Learn more about Electrolysis here:
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What is the total pressure exerted by a mixture of 48.0 grams of CH4 and 56.0 grams of
hydrogen gas when confined in a volume of 15.0 liters at 13°C.
The pressure of the gas is obtained as 48 atm.
What is the total pressure?Now we know that;
Number of moles of CH4 = 48.0 grams /16 g/mol = 3 moles
Number of moles of H2 = 56.0 grams/2 g/mol = 28 moles
Total number of moles present = 3 moles + 28 moles = 31 moles
Using;
PV =nRT
P = total pressure
V = total volume
n = total number of moles
R = gas constant
T = temperature
P = nRT/V
P = 31 * 0.082 * 286/15
P = 48 atm
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Which reactant is limiting if you begin with 9. 50 grams of al and 9. 50 grams of o2?
The reactant [tex]O_{2}[/tex] is limiting if we begin with 9. 50 grams of al and 9. 50 grams of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] .
The reactant whose number of moles is present in less quantity is called limiting reactant .
Calculation,
Given mass of Aluminium and oxygen
Mass of Aluminium = 9. 50 grams
and Mass of oxygen = 9. 50 grams
Number of moles of aluminium = given mass / molar mass of aluminium
Number of moles of aluminium = 9. 50 grams/ 26.99 = 0.351 mole
Number of moles of oxygen = given mass / molar mass of oxygen
Number of moles of oxygen = 9. 50 grams/ 31.999 = 0.296 mole
The reactant [tex]O_{2}[/tex] is limiting because oxygen present in less quantity or in limiting quantity and consume rapidly.
Therefor , the reactant [tex]O_{2}[/tex] is limiting if we begin with 9. 50 grams of al and 9. 50 grams of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] .
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A galvanic cell is set up with two cells containing a cadmium electrode in 0. 250 m cd(no3)2 solution and an iron electrode in 0. 050 m fe(no3)2 solution. what is the cell potential at 25 oc?
Cd2+(aq) + 2e- ---> Cd(s) , E° = -0.40 V Fe2+(aq) + 2e- ----> Fe(s) , E° = -0.44 V Since standard reduction potential.
Galvanic Cell: A chemical cell, also known as an electrochemical cell, is a device that transforms the chemical energy generated during a red-ox reaction into electrical energy. In honor of Luigi Galvanic and Alessandro Volta, who conducted the first experiments on the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy, these are also known as galvanic or voltaic cells.
A spontaneous red-ox reaction occurs in an electrochemical cell in an indirect manner, and the reduction in free energy that occurs during the chemical reaction manifests as electrical energy. In an indirect red-ox reaction, the reduction and oxidation processes take place in two different containers known as half-cells.
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The cell potential is 0.01934 V at 25°C.
What is a galvanic cell?A galvanic cell, also known as a voltaic cell, is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy generated by spontaneous redox reactions into electrical energy.
The main components of a galvanic cell are
Anode – Oxidation occurs at the anode
Cathode – Reduction occurs at the cathode
Salt bridge – consists of electrolytes that are needed to complete the circuit in a galvanic cell.
Half-cells – It is important as reduction and oxidation reactions are separated into compartments.
External circuit – it helps in Conducting the flow of electrons between electrodes
At cathode,
[tex]Cd^{2+}(aq) + 2e^-\rightarrow Cd(s)[/tex]
At anode,
[tex]Fe(s)+2e^-\rightarrow Fe^{2+}(aq)[/tex]
Overall cell reaction
[tex]Fe(s)+Cd^{2+}(aq)\rightarrow Fe^{2+}(aq) + Cd(s)[/tex]
[tex]E^o_{cell} = E^o_{cathode} - E^o_{anode}[/tex]
= -0.40 -(0.44) = 0.04 V
Nernst equation is given by
[tex]E_{cell} = E^o_{cell} - \frac{2.303RT}{nF} logQ[/tex]
At 25°C
[tex]E_{cell} = E^o_{cell} - \frac{0.0592V}{n} logQ[/tex]
Here, n = 2 and log Q = log [tex]\frac{0.250}{0.050}[/tex] = 0.699
[tex]E_{cell}[/tex] = 0.01934 V
The cell potential is 0.01934 V at 25°C
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What is the kinetic product obtained from the addition of 1 mole of bromine to 1,3-butadiene?
From the addition of 1 equivalent of HBr to 1,3-butadiene, 3-bromo-1-butene is obtained as a product.
What is moles?
Moles are defined as the smallest base unit that is equivalent to [tex]6.02214 X 10^{23}[/tex] units.
Moles are chemical entities, which are used to measure the mass or molecular mass of the compound, molecule, or atom. The moles are, for example can be explained as equal to the mass of the atom. For example, there is one mole in 12 grams of carboncarbon.
Thus the kinetic product formed is 3-bromo-1-butene.
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How many peaks are in the proton spin decoupled 13c nmr spectrum of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene?
There are 2 peaks are in the proton spin decoupled 13C NMR spectrum of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene .
The 13C NMR spectrum give the peak which is directly about the carbon skeleton not just the proton attached to it . The number of signals tell us how many different carbons or set of equivalent carbons . The splitting of a signal tells us how many hydrogens are attached to each carbon.
In 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene molecule , there are 2 peaks are in the proton spin decoupled 13C NMR spectrum three carbon give one signal and another three carbon give another one signal .
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What are 3 things that make carbon special?
Answer:
1. Carbon is very special because it can form so many compounds
2. Many carbon-based compounds are not attracted to water and so in general do not dissolve in water. As a result, water alone cannot be used to remove grease or oil from a surface, nor will water dissolve our skin, because all of these things are carbon compounds.
3. Carbon can also link together in long chains or rings, carbon to carbon to carbon to carbon and so on.
Explanation:
How many molecules are in 1.75 mol of CHCl3
Answer:
1.0535×10(exponent24)
Explanation:
N (number of molecules)
n(number of moles)
L( Avogadro's constant )
N=n×L
N=1.75×6.02×10(exponent 23)
Explanation:
In one mole we always have:
1 mol = 6.02 X 10²³ molecules
So emulates simple rule of 3 we will have;
1 mol ----------> 6.02 X 10²³
1.75 moles ----> X
X = 1.0535 X 10²⁴ molecules
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He heat of solution of kcl is 17. 2 kj/mol and the lattice energy of kcl(s) is 701. 2 kj/mol. calculate the total heat of hydration of 1. 00 mol of gas phase k ions and cl– ions
The total heat of hydration of 1. 00 mol of gas phase [tex]K^{+}[/tex] ions and [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex]ions is - 684 kJ/mol.
Calculation ,
Given data ,
Heat of solution = 17. 2 kJ/mol
lattice energy of KCl(s) = 701. 2 kJ/mol.
heat of hydration = ?
The KCl is formed by[tex]K^{+}[/tex] ions and [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex]– ions
Δ[tex]H_{solution}[/tex] = U° + Δ[tex]H_{hydration}[/tex]
Δ[tex]H_{hydration}[/tex] = Δ[tex]H_{solution}[/tex] - U° = 17. 2 kJ/mol - 701. 2 kJ/mol = - 684 kJ/mol
Hence, heat of hydration of 1. 00 mol of gas phase [tex]K^{+}[/tex] ions and [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] ions is - 684 kJ/mol.
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A student weighs out 0. 0422 g of magnesium metal. The magnesium metal is reacted with excess hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas. A sample of hydrogen gas is collected over water in a eudiometer at 32. 0°c. The volume of collected gas is 43. 9 ml and the atmospheric pressure is 832 mmhg. Using the experimentally collected data, calculate r and the percent error.
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At what temperature will he atoms have the same crms value as N2 molecules at 25°c?
At -230 °C temperature will He atoms have the same rms value as [tex]N_{2}[/tex] molecules at 25°C .
Calculation ,
Given temperature = 25°C = 25+273 = 298 K
[tex]V_{rms}[/tex] =√3RT/M
[tex]V_{rms}[/tex] =√3R[tex]T_{1}[/tex]/[tex]M_{He}[/tex] ......( i )
[tex]V_{rms}[/tex] =√3R[tex]T_{2}[/tex]/[tex]M_{N_{2}[/tex] ......( ii )
Equalize equation ( i ) and ( ii )
√3R[tex]T_{1}[/tex]/[tex]M_{He}[/tex] = √3R[tex]T_{2}[/tex]/[tex]M_{N_{2}[/tex]
[tex]T_{1}[/tex]/[tex]M_{He}[/tex] = [tex]T_{2}[/tex]/[tex]M_{N_{2}[/tex]
[tex]T_{1}[/tex] = [tex]M_{He}[/tex] × [tex]T_{2}[/tex]/[tex]M_{N_{2}[/tex] = 4 ×298 K/28 = 42.57 K
Temperature in°C = 42.57 - 273 = -230 °C
Therefore , at -230 °C temperature will He atoms have the same rms value as [tex]N_{2}[/tex] molecules at 25°C .
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If the ph at the half-titration point of a monoprotic weak acid is 4. 2, what is the ka of the acid?.
The ka of the acid will be-
Ka=2.1106Finding the ka of the acid-The notion is that the pH of the solution will be equal to the pKa of the weak acid at the half-equivalence point.You know that at the equivalence point, the strong base will totally neutralize the weak acid if you're titrating a weak monoprotic acid, which I'll refer to as HA.HA(aq)+OH−(aq)→A−(aq)+H2O(l)
Therefore, upon adding an equal number of moles of a weak acid and strong base, all of the weak acid's moles will be consumed, leaving you with A, the weak acid's conjugate base.At this point, you have added enough moles of the strong base to neutralize half of the weak acid molecules in the solution. This is known as the half equivalence point.The weak acid, the strong base, and the conjugate base are all in 1:1 mole ratios, indicating that what you consume from the weak acid and the strong base, you make as the conjugate base. The reaction will use half of the moles of the weak acid and produce just as many moles of the conjugate base.As a result, the solution will contain an equal number of moles of the weak acid and its conjugate base at the half equivalence point, indicating that you are now working with a buffer solution.As you are aware, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation pH=pKa+log can be used to calculate the pH of a weak acid-conjugate base buffer ([conjugate base][weak acid])You have the half-equivalence point when
[HA]=[A−]
it suggests that
log([HA][A−])=log(1)=0
As a result, it can be said that the pH of the solution and the pKa of the weak acid are equivalent at the half-equivalence point.
At the halfway point of equivalence: pH=pKa
The acid dissociation constant of the weak acid, Ka, determines the pKa. pKa=log(Ka), which indicates that Ka=10pKa.
Ka=10pH will be present when the two points are half equal.
Enter your value to determine Ka=105.67=2.1106.
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Enter your answer in the provided box. calculate the ph at 25°c of a 0. 0077 m solution of a weak base with a kb of 6. 2 × 10−9. ph =
The pH at 25°c of a 0. 0077 m solution of a weak base with a kb of 6. 2 × 10−9 is 8.8.
What is base dissociation constant?The base dissociation constant is termed as Kb. Throughout a base split into ts constituent ions in water is determined by its base dissociation constant.
Kb = [B+] [OH-]/[BOH]
Now, let the concentration of [B+] = [OH-] = x
Given,
Kb = 6. 2 × 10^-9
6. 2 × 10^-9 = x^2/(0.0077-x)
x = 6.909 × 10^(-6)
[B+] = [OH-] = 6.909 × 10^(-6)
As we know that,
pOH = -log [OH-]
pOH = -log( 6.909 × 10^(-6))
pOH = 5.2
As we also know that,
pOH + pH = 14
pH = 14 - pOH
pH = 14 - 5.2
pH = 8.8
Thus we calculated that the pH of the solution is 8.8.
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Find the percent ionization of a 0. 337 m hf solution. The ka for hf is 3. 5 × 10^-4.
Percent ionization = 3.17%
We utilize the supplied acid equilibrium constant (Ka) to calculate the percentage of the acid that is ionized. It is the ratio of the acid and dissociated ion equilibrium concentrations. The HF acid would dissociate in the manner described below:
HF = H+ + F-
The following is how the acid equilibrium constant might be written:
Ka = [H+][F-] / [HF] = 3.5 x 10-4
We utilize the ICE table to determine the equilibrium concentrations.
HF H+ F-
I 0.337 0 0
C -x +x +x
---------------------------------------------
E 0.337-x x x
3.5 x 10-4 = [H+][F-] / [HF]
3.5 x 10-4 = [x][x] / [0.337-x]
Solving for x,
x = 0.01069 = [H+] = [F-]
percent ionization = 0.01069 / 0.337 x 100 = 3.17%
percent ionization = 3.17%
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how to build 6 individual atoms?
The 6 models of the atom:
1. John Dalton's atomic model: Daltons Billiard Ball (Solid Sphere) Model
2. J.J. Thomson's model: Plum Pudding model
3. Ernest Rutherford's model: Nuclear model
4. Niels Bohr's model: Planetary model
5. Erwin Schrdinger's model: Electron Cloud Model/Quantum Model
6. Wave mechanical model
AtomThe smallest component that makes up a chemical element is an atom. Atoms that are neutral or ionized are the building blocks of all solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. A normal atom is 100 picometers across, which is incredibly small. Because of quantum effects, they are so small that it is impossible to predict their behavior with sufficient precision using classical physics, as if they were, say, tennis balls. One or more electrons are attached to the nucleus of every atom, which is made up of a nucleus. Protons and neutrons, in various numbers, make up the nucleus. Neutrons exist only in the most prevalent type of hydrogen. An atom's nucleus makes up more than 99.94% of its mass.
how to build 6 individual atoms?
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The best way to differentiate chart elements is by using _____.
i. colors
b. labels
c. bubbles chart
d. titles
The best way to differentiate chart elements is by using labels.
So, option B is correct one.
The table should be used when
The reader needs to refer to specific numerical values.The reader needs to make precise comparison between different values and not just relative comparisons.The values being displayed have different displayed have different units or very different magnitudes.The column chart is probably the most used chart type. This chart best used to compare different values when specific values are important.
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What would the corresponding
concentration values of OH- be for
the pH values: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11?
The corresponding concentration values of OH⁻ for the pH values
of following are -
1- 10⁻¹
3- 10⁻³
5- 10⁻⁵
7- 10⁻⁷
9- 10⁻⁹
11- 10⁻¹¹
What do you mean by the pH value ?
pH is a logarithmic measure of the hydrogen ion concentration of an aqueous solution pH = -log[H+]
pH describes how acidic or basic an aqueous solution is, where a pH below 7 is acidic and a pH greater than 7 is basic. pH of 7 is considered neutral .
Functions of OH− :
OH− functions as a base .
Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge.
Hence, this way pH values of these concentrations are mentioned .
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How much energy is required to melt 20 g of water starting at 0 o C?
(△H vap = 2265 J/g, △H fus = 334 J/g, c = 4.18 J/go C )
The energy required to melt 20 g of water (ice) starting at 0° C is 6680 J.
What is Heat?
Heat is a form of energy that is possessed by a system by virtue of its temperature. Its unit is Joule.
Enthalpy is the amount of the heat content of a system.
What is Heat Capacity?It is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a system by 1° C. It is an extensive property. Its unit is J/°C
Heat Capacity is given by
[tex]c= \frac{q}{\Delta T}[/tex]
where q = heat required
[tex]\Delta T[/tex] = change in temperature
Enthalpy of Fusion is the enthalpy change when 1 mole of a solid substance changes into its liquid state at its melting point.
Here, water in solid form (ice) melts into liquid form at 0°C
[tex]H_{2} O (s) \rightarrow H_{2} O(l) \\\Delta H_{fus } =334Jg^-^1[/tex]
We know,
[tex]\Delta H = \frac{m}{q}\\[/tex]
where m = given mass
q = heat required
[tex]q = \Delta H \times m[/tex]
q = 334 [tex]Jg^-^1[/tex] x 20 g
= 6680 J
Thus, the heat required to melt 20 g of water at 0°C is 6680 J
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the graph below shows a reaction with a catalyst. How did the addition of the cataalyst change the graph
Answer:
Section 2 will decrease.
Explanation:
A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of the chemical reaction without taking part in the overall reaction. Catalysts speed up a reaction by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to take place. The activation energy is the minimum energy necessary for a reaction to take place. As such, when a catalyst is added, the activation energy (or the potential energy) needed to start the reaction decreases. This shows itself in the graph by decreasing the "hump" in Section 2.
It should be noted that Sections 1 and 3 will remain the same. This is because the energy of the reactants and products does not change regardless of a catalyst being present.
A sample of n2 occupies 3. 0l at 3. 0atm. What volume will it occupy when the pressure is changed to 0. 5atm and the temperature remain constant?
It will occupy 18 L volume when the pressure is changed to 0. 5 atm and the temperature remain constant.
Calculation,
According to Boyle law, the pressure of a given quantity of gas varies inversely with its volume at constant temperature.
[tex]P_{1} V _{1} = k[/tex] .....(i)
[tex]P_{1}[/tex] is initial pressure = 3 atm[tex]V _{1}[/tex] is initial volume = 3Lk is constant[tex]P_{2} V _{2} = k[/tex] (ii)
[tex]P_{2}[/tex] is final pressure = ?[tex]V _{2}[/tex] is final volume = 0.5atmk is constantCombining equation (i) and (ii). we get,
[tex]P_{1} V _{1} = P_{2} V _{2}[/tex]
3 atm× 3L= [tex]V _{2}[/tex]× 0.5atm
[tex]V _{2}[/tex] = 3 atm× 3L/0.5atm = 18 L
Boyle law used during respiration or breathing.
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5 A farmer stopped maintaining a field that was
once used to grow crops. Over time, the field
eventually became a forest. These changes best
illustrate the process of
(1) ecological succession
(2) nutrient recycling
(3) decomposition
(4) competition
Answer: nutrient
Explanation:
In an ecosystem like where a farmer stopped maintaining a field that was once used to grow crops. Over time, the field eventually became a forest. These changes best illustrate the process of nutrient recycling.
What is an ecosystem?
Ecosystem is defined as a system which consists of all living organisms and the physical components with which the living beings interact. The abiotic and biotic components are linked to each other through nutrient cycles and flow of energy.
Energy enters the system through the process of photosynthesis .Animals play an important role in transfer of energy as they feed on each other.As a result of this transfer of matter and energy takes place through the system .Living organisms also influence the quantity of biomass present.By decomposition of dead plants and animals by microbes nutrients are released back in to the soil.
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