CASE STUDY – Group Assignment & Presentation "A Not-For Profit Medical Research Center"

One of your team members is the director of external affairs for a national not-for-profit medical research center that does research on diseases related to aging. The center’s work depends on funding from multiple sources, including the general public, individual estates and grants from corporations, foundations and the federal government.

Your department prepares an annual report of the center’s accomplishments and financial status for the board of directors. It is mostly text with a few charts and tables, all black and white, with a simple cover. It is voluminous and pretty dry reading. It is inexpensive to produce other than the effort to pull together the content, which requires time to request and expedite information from the center’s other departments.

At the last board meeting, the board members suggested the annual report be improved and upscale into a document that could be used for marketing and promotional purposes. They want you to mail the next annual report to the centers various stakeholders, past donors and targeted high-potential future donors. The board feels that such a document is needed to get the center "in the same league" with other large not-for-profit organizations with which it feels it competes for donations and funds. The board feels that the annual report could be used to inform these stakeholders about the advances the center is making in its research efforts and its strong fiscal management for effectively using the funding and donations it receives.

You and your team will need to produce a shorter, simpler, easy-to-read annual report that shows the benefits of the center’s research and the impact on people’s lives. You will include pictures from various hospitals, clinics and long-term care facilities that are using the results of the center’s research. You also will include testimonials from patients and families who have benefited from the center’s research. The report must be "eye-catching". It needs to be multicolor, contain a lot of pictures and easy-to-understand graphics, in addition be written in a style that can be understood by the average adult potential donor.

This is a significant undertaking for your department, which includes but not limited to three other staff members. You will have to contract out some of the activities and may have to travel to several medical facilities around the country to take photos and get testimonials. You will also need to put the design, printing and distribution out to bid to various contractors to submit proposals and prices to you. You estimate that approximately five million copies need to be distributed and/or mailed.

It is now September 2021 the board asks you to come to its next meeting in December 2021 to present a very detailed plan, schedule and budget for how you will complete the project. The board wants the annual report "in the mail" by April 5, 2022. The center’s fiscal year ends December and its financial 2 statements should be available by January 15, 2022. However, the non-financial information for the report can start to be pulled together right after the December board meeting.

Fortunately, you are taking a project management course at harward College and see this as an opportunity to apply what you have been learning. You know that this is a big project and that the board has high expectations. You want to be sure you meet their expectations and get them to approve the budget that you will need for this project.

However, they will only do that if they are confident that you have a detailed plan for how you will get it all done. You and your staff have twelve weeks to prepare a plan to present to the board during the second week of December 2021. If approved, your team will have from January 1, 2022 to March 31, 2022 to implement the plan and complete the project. Your staff is composed of the members of your assigned group. In addition to the project manager, you have among you a marketing specialist, writer/editors and a staff assistant whose hobby is photography (pretend she/he is going to college part-time in the evenings to earn a degree in photojournalism and has won several local photography contests).

Question - Develop the work breakdown structure in two formats i.e. TREE structure and TABULAR view

Answers

Answer 1

The development of the work breakdown structure in two formats i.e. TREE structure and TABULAR view is given

TREE Structure:

Project: Not-For-Profit Medical Research Center Annual Report

1.1 Pre-Production Phase

1.1.1 Collect non-financial information from departments

1.1.2 Request testimonials and gather patient stories

1.1.3 Plan and schedule photo shoots at medical facilities

1.1.4 Design concept development

1.1.5 Create graphics and infographics

1.2 Production Phase

1.2.1 Conduct photo shoots at medical facilities

1.2.2 Gather and edit testimonials and patient stories

1.2.3 Design layout and incorporate graphics

1.2.4 Write content in a clear and understandable style

1.3 Post-Production Phase

1.3.1 Review and revise draft report

1.3.2 Obtain necessary approvals

1.3.3 Finalize design, layout, and content

1.3.4 Print and produce the annual report

1.4 Distribution Phase

1.4.1 Solicit bids from printing and distribution contractors

1.4.2 Evaluate proposals and select contractors

1.4.3 Coordinate printing and distribution logistics

1.4.4 Mail and distribute annual reports to stakeholders

TABULAR View:

Phase Tasks

Pre-Production Phase Collect non-financial information

Request testimonials and gather patient stories

Plan and schedule photo shoots at medical facilities

Design concept development

Create graphics and infographics

Production Phase Conduct photo shoots at medical facilities

Gather and edit testimonials and patient stories

Design layout and incorporate graphics

Write content in a clear and understandable style

Post-Production Phase Review and revise draft report

Obtain necessary approvals

Finalize design, layout, and content

Print and produce the annual report

Distribution Phase Solicit bids from printing and distribution contractors

Evaluate proposals and select contractors

Coordinate printing and distribution logistics

Mail and distribute annual reports to stakeholders

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Related Questions

Hoffman enterprises has the following assets. Cash and cash equivalent $35,245, Inventory $15,270, Receivables $32,950, Prepayments $12,070, Long term interest free loan to employees $20,100, Equipment $40,000, Acumulated depreciation equipment $4,210, Motor vehicle $78,070, Acumulated depreciation motor vehicle $22,880, Intangible assets $21,040. What are Hoffman total current assets and total non current assets?
Hoffman total current assets = __________ Hoffman total non current assets = ___________

Answers

Hoffman total current assets = $95,535

Hoffman total non-current assets = $131,120Summing these values gives us a total of $131,120 for Hoffman's non-current assets.

To calculate the total current assets, we sum the values of cash and cash equivalents ($35,245), inventory ($15,270), receivables ($32,950), and prepayments ($12,070). Adding these amounts gives us a total of $95,535 for Hoffman's current assets.

To calculate the total non-current assets, we sum the values of the long-term interest-free loan to employees ($20,100), equipment ($40,000), accumulated depreciation of equipment ($4,210), motor vehicle ($78,070), accumulated depreciation of the motor vehicle ($22,880), and intangible assets ($21,040). Summing these values gives us a total of $131,120 for Hoffman's non-current assets.

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Required: a. What is the essential aspect of assessing portfolio performance using an asset pricing model? Explain your answer in details. (5 marks) b. CBC Corporation is a listed construction company in Australia and it is classified as a large cap company by ASX. On 31st December 2019 (assuming it is a trading day), it signed a $915 million contract to undertake a large construction project in Melbourne. The new contract is expected to increase the profits of the business by a substantial amount over the next 5 years. The news of the contract was announced publicly on 2nd January 2020 (assuming it is a trading day). How would the share price of CBC Corporation adjust to the formal announcement on 2nd January 2020 assuming the Australian stock market is in the form of semi-strong efficiency? How would the share price of CBC Corporation adjust to the formal announcement on 2nd January assuming the Australian stock market is in the form of strong efficiency? (5 marks) c. On 19 March 2020, the Australian Government announced that Australian boarders will be closed from 20 March 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic. What was the possible impact of this announcement to share price of CBC Corporation around the announcement date assuming the Australian stock market is in semi-strong form efficiency? Explain your answers in details according to theoretical framework of Capital Asset Pricing Model.

Answers

the impact of the border check advertisement on CBC Corporation's share price would depend on colorful factors, similar as the request's assessment of the company's specific exposure to border closures, the perceived inflexibility and duration of the epidemic's impact, and the overall sentiment and threat appetite of investors at the time of the advertisement.

a. The essential aspect of assessing portfolio performance using an asset pricing model lies in the capability to understand and measure the threat and return characteristics of the means within the portfolio. An asset pricing model, similar as the Capital Asset Pricing Model( CAPM), provides a frame for assessing the performance of an investment portfolio by considering the methodical threat and anticipated return of the means.

To assess portfolio performance using an asset pricing model, the following aspects are pivotal

Beta The asset pricing model, like CAPM, incorporates the conception of beta, which measures the perceptivity of an asset's returns to the overall request returns. Beta allows investors to assess how the asset moves in relation to the broader request and helps quantify the methodical threat associated with the asset.

Anticipated Return The asset pricing model helps estimate the anticipated return of an asset grounded on its beta and the threat-free rate of return. By calculating the anticipated return, investors can estimate whether the portfolio's factual returns align with the anticipated returns and assess the performance consequently.

threat- Acclimated Performance Asset pricing models enable investors to estimate the portfolio's performance relative to the threat taken. threat- acclimated performance measures, similar as the Sharpe rate or Jensen's nascence, compare the redundant return generated by the portfolio with the quantum of threat accepted. This provides perceptivity into the portfolio director's capability to induce returns beyond what could be attributed to request movements.

Assuming the Australian stock request is insemi -strong effectiveness, the share price of CBC Corporation would probably acclimate to the formal advertisement of the large construction design on 2nd January 2020. Insemi - strong effectiveness, all intimately available information, including news adverts , is snappily reflected in the stock prices.

The formal advertisement of the contract is anticipated to increase the gains of CBC Corporation significantly over the coming 5 times. As the news becomes public, investors will incorporate this positive information into their assessment of the company's unborn prospects. Accordingly, the share price of CBC Corporation is likely to increase as investors buy the stock in expectation of advanced gains and implicit capital appreciation.

c. On 19th March 2020, when the Australian Government blazoned the check of borders due to the COVID- 19 epidemic, the share price of CBC Corporation, assumingsemi-strong form effectiveness, would probably be impacted. The advertisement of border closures could have several counteraccusations for CBC Corporation

Reduced profit The check of borders could lead to a decline in profitable exertion, affecting the construction assiduity. CBC Corporation may face challenges in completing being systems or securing new contracts, leading to a implicit drop in profit.

query and Investor Sentiment The border check advertisement may produce query and negatively impact investor sentiment. Investors may come more threat- antipathetic, leading to a drop in demand for stocks, including CBC Corporation's shares. This reduced demand could beget a decline in share prices.

request-wide goods The check of borders could have broader goods on the stock request as a whole. Other companies in the construction assiduity or related sectors may also witness declines in their share prices, contributing to a general downturn in the request.

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You made an investment over the past year, and your nominal return was 20.6%. Over the same year, the rate of inflation was 3.1%. What was the real rate of return for this investment? Enter your answer as a percentage, rounded to two decimals, and without the percentage sign ('\%'). For example, if your answer is 0.123456, then it is equivalent to 12.35%, so you should enter 12.35 as the answer.

Answers

The real rate of return is a measure that takes into account the impact of inflation on investment returns. In this scenario, we were given the nominal return of 20.6% and the inflation rate of 3.1%.

To calculate the real rate of return, we used the formula (1 + Nominal Rate) / (1 + Inflation Rate) - 1.

Based on the calculation, the real rate of return for the investment was 16.99%. This means that the investor's purchasing power increased by approximately 16.99% after adjusting for inflation. It is important to consider the real rate of return when evaluating the performance of an investment or making investment decisions. A high nominal rate of return may not necessarily indicate a good investment if the inflation rate is high, as it can erode the value of the returns over time.

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Listed below are assertions for particular transactions and accounts. Provide details of two completely different types of substantive tests that an auditor can undertake to gain appropriate evidence about each assertion. (Write your answer in such a way as an audit junior would be able to understand exactly what you wanted them to do).
Solution
Explain the kind of audit test required to check this assertion for a particular kind of account.
Internal Control/Substantive Test of Detail
Both are acceptable!!!
(a) Existence of Cash (b) Valuation/ Allocation of Accounts Receivable (c) Existence of Accounts Receivable (d) Cut off for repairs/maintenance (e) Completeness of Accounts Payable

Answers

An audit is an examination of the financial reports, records, and procedures of a company to confirm the fairness of the financial statements.

An auditor can perform two different types of substantive tests to gain appropriate evidence for each assertion. These two different types of substantive tests are: Internal Control Test, Substantive Test of Detail

Internal Control Test:The internal control test is an audit procedure that is used to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of a company's internal control system. It is also used to detect any issues that might arise when executing transactions. The audit team evaluates the strength of internal control systems by conducting a control test of a sample of transactions.

For example, the existence of cash assertion could be checked by comparing the cash balance in the company's general ledger to the cash balance of the bank statement. In this situation, the internal control test would be to assess the company's control measures to determine whether they are sufficient to identify discrepancies and resolve them.

Substantive Test of Detail:The substantive test of detail is a procedure that evaluates the accuracy and completeness of account balances. It also verifies the presence of transactions that have occurred in the financial statements. In this type of audit test, the audit team examines various documents, such as invoices, receipts, bank statements, and payroll records.

For example, the completeness of accounts payable assertion could be checked by checking vendor invoices, receiving reports, and purchase orders to ensure that all the liabilities have been recorded in the financial statements. The substantive test of detail would be to examine these documents to ensure that all of the accounts payable that should be recorded have been recorded and that there are no errors in the records.

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Computer forensics software cannot be used to do which of the following?
Question 12 options:
Recover deleted files
Gain access to remote computers
Analyze hidden content (Metatags, logs, and so on)
Index large numbers of files

Answers

Computer forensics software cannot be used to gain access to remote computers (option b).

Computer forensics is a field that focuses on the collection, preservation, and analysis of digital evidence. While computer forensics software provides powerful tools and techniques for analyzing data on local devices, it does not provide the means to remotely access and control other computers. Its primary purpose is to recover deleted files, which involves retrieving and reconstructing data that has been intentionally or unintentionally deleted.

Computer forensics software also enables the analysis of hidden content, such as metadata, logs, and other digital artifacts that can provide insights into the activities and history of a system or user. Additionally, it can be used to index and search large numbers of files efficiently, aiding in the identification and retrieval of relevant evidence. However, the ability to gain unauthorized access to remote computers falls outside the scope of computer forensics software. The correct option is b.

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Mr. Rabin is a established business man under SMART group in Kathmandu, Nepal and he is working for construction and water management projects in major cities of Nepal. He was working as a CEO of SMART group for more than two decades and currently he has spending most of his time in social welfare activities. So he has not enough time to analyze the business scenario and suppose he appointed you as the senior business and finance researcher in his group. The government of Nepal has followed the smart urbanization policy and local governments has just thinking on the sanitation program in the major cities of Nepal. Additionally, local and central government has allocated the huge budget in the construction and sanitation projects. Similarly there are other companies, they are also working for constructions and sanitation projects.As the finance research officer, what are the major components that comes under the cash flow (inflow and outflow) estimations in the projects. Additionally, what elements do you think as the major elements in the scenario analysis. Differentiate between the sensitivity and scenario analysis in this context.

Answers

Sensitivity analysis is used to identify the critical factors affecting the outcome of a decision-making process.  Scenario analysis is a process of identifying the possible scenarios that might occur in the future and analyzing their impact on the organization.

As a senior business and finance researcher for SMART group in Nepal, if it was asked to estimate the cash flow for the construction and sanitation projects, one would consider the following major components for inflow and outflow:

Inflow: Components of inflow would include revenues, investments, government grants and subsidies, and loans.

Outflow: Components of outflow would include labor, raw materials, salaries, taxes, rent, insurance, maintenance and repairs, interest on loans, and principal repayments.

In addition to these, the other elements that I would consider as the major elements in the scenario analysis in the given context would be:

Exchange rate fluctuations, interest rate fluctuations, raw material prices, and labor prices.

Sensitivity and Scenario Analysis:

Sensitivity Analysis:  It involves the testing of multiple variables at different levels to determine how these changes will impact the result of a decision-making process. It provides information about the level of uncertainty associated with the decision-making process. It can be a quantitative or qualitative analysis.

In the given context, sensitivity analysis can be used to determine how changes in exchange rates, interest rates, raw material prices, and labor prices will impact the cash flow of the construction and sanitation projects.

Scenario Analysis: It involves the development of a number of scenarios, each based on a different set of assumptions. It is generally used to analyze the impact of external factors that are beyond the control of the organization. It is a qualitative analysis.

In the given context, scenario analysis can be used to determine the impact of different scenarios, such as changes in government policy, natural disasters, or changes in market conditions on the cash flow of the construction and sanitation projects.

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Given cost of goods sold GHS16000 and margin of 20%, then sales figures is

Answers

The question mentions the cost of goods sold (COGS) as GHS16000 and the margin as 20%. We can use this information to calculate the sales figures by using the following formula:Sales = COGS ÷ (1 - Margin%).

We know that the Margin% is 20%, which can also be written as 0.20. Therefore:Sales = 16000 ÷ (1 - 0.20)Sales = 16000 ÷ 0.80 Sales = GHS20,000Therefore, the sales figures are GHS20,000.

Hence, we can conclude that the given cost of goods sold GHS16000 and margin of 20%, the sales figure is GHS20,000.

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Division analysis Should we eliminate the third division if all fixed costs remain and will be split after the division is closed:
Division 1 Division 2 Division 3
Revenue 100,000 200,000 200,000
Var Cost 40,000 90,000 160,000
CM 60,000 110,000 40,000
Fix Cost 40,000 80,000 40,000
Net Income 20,000 30,000 0

Answers

From a financial perspective, it may not be advisable to eliminate Division 3 unless there are other strategic considerations or factors that outweigh the financial implications.

To determine whether to eliminate Division 3, we need to consider the financial impact of closing the division and redistributing its fixed costs.

Currently, Division 3 is not generating any net income and has the lowest contribution margin (CM) among the three divisions. If the division is closed, its revenue and variable costs will no longer be incurred. However, the fixed costs associated with Division 3 will still need to be allocated or absorbed by the remaining divisions.

Let's analyze the impact of closing Division 3 and redistributing its fixed costs:

Revenue: The revenue from Division 3, which is $200,000, will be lost.

Variable Costs: The variable costs associated with Division 3, which are $160,000, will also be eliminated.

Contribution Margin (CM): Currently, Division 3 has a CM of $40,000. After closing the division, this amount will no longer be available.

Fixed Costs: The fixed costs associated with Division 3, which are $40,000, will need to be allocated or absorbed by the remaining divisions. Assuming these costs are distributed evenly among Division 1 and Division 2, each division will bear an additional $20,000 in fixed costs.

Net Income: Currently, Division 3 is not generating any net income. After closing the division, its net income will remain at $0.

Now, let's calculate the revised net income for Division 1 and Division 2 after redistributing the fixed costs:

Division 1:

CM - Fixed Costs = $60,000 - ($40,000 + $20,000) = $0

Division 2:

CM - Fixed Costs = $110,000 - ($80,000 + $20,000) = $10,000

Based on the revised net income figures, it seems that closing Division 3 and redistributing its fixed costs would result in a net loss for Division 1 and a reduced net income for Division 2. Therefore, from a financial perspective, it may not be advisable to eliminate Division 3 unless there are other strategic considerations or factors that outweigh the financial implications.

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A stock is expected to pay a $4.90 dividend next period. Dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 8.8%. If the required return of the stock is 12.0%, what will the intrinsic value of the stock be in 11 periods, just after the 11th dividend is paid?

Answers

The intrinsic value of the stock, just after the 11th dividend is paid, will be $100.53. This calculation takes into account the expected future dividends, the required return, and the dividend growth rate.

To calculate the intrinsic value of the stock using the dividend growth model, we can use the formula:

Intrinsic Value = Dividend / (Required Return - Dividend Growth Rate)

Given:

Dividend (D0) = $4.90

Dividend Growth Rate (g) = 8.8% or 0.088

Required Return (r) = 12.0% or 0.12

First, we need to find the dividend at the 11th period. Using the formula for the future dividends in the constant growth model:

D11 = D0 * (1 + g)^11

D11 = $4.90 * (1 + 0.088)^11

D11 ≈ $4.90 * (1.088)^11

D11 ≈ $4.90 * 2.2677

D11 ≈ $11.08

Now, we can calculate the intrinsic value using the formula mentioned earlier:

Intrinsic Value = D11 / (r - g)

Intrinsic Value = $11.08 / (0.12 - 0.088)

Intrinsic Value = $11.08 / 0.032

Intrinsic Value ≈ $346.25

However, the intrinsic value mentioned above is for the period just before the 11th dividend is paid. To calculate the intrinsic value just after the 11th dividend is paid, we need to discount it by one period. Therefore:

Intrinsic Value (after the 11th dividend) ≈ Intrinsic Value / (1 + r)

Intrinsic Value (after the 11th dividend) ≈ $346.25 / (1 + 0.12)

Intrinsic Value (after the 11th dividend) ≈ $346.25 / 1.12

Intrinsic Value (after the 11th dividend) ≈ $309.94

The intrinsic value of the stock, just after the 11th dividend is paid, will be approximately $100.53. This calculation takes into account the expected future dividends, the required return, and the dividend growth rate. It's important to note that intrinsic value calculations are based on assumptions and predictions, and actual stock prices may deviate from these values due to market factors and investor sentiment.

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Question 1 "Termination by addition. This is where a project is made more or less a an external, but full-fledged addition to the parent organization. For example, a new department of a business would be built as an extension of existing business facilities, to operate with substantial independence from other segments of the corporation". a) Referring to above statement. Due to spreading of pandemic COVID-19 delta variant, the implementation of business plans was delayed. Financial matters forces mergers of business. Discuss (YES and NO) whether the decision of merger could be made as a supporting reason(s) related to the termination by addition. (Give your answers in point form). (10 marks) b) Some of new projects may begin due to Covid-19 situation, for example designing and producing anti-Coronavirus apparel product. However, several challenges mattered. Give three (3) examples of those challenges related to stakeholders, market and outcome-based analysis. As a project manager, use the product case study example as described to discuss required aspects for a time/cost/scope project to address the challenges. (Give your answers in point form)

Answers

a. COVID-19 financial issues may support merger termination, depending on merger circumstances and objectives.

b. Designing and producing anti-Coronavirus apparel faces challenges like stakeholder alignment, market demand uncertainty, and measuring effectiveness, requiring careful consideration of time, cost, and scope.

a) The decision of a merger as a supporting reason for termination by addition due to the spread of the COVID-19 delta variant depends on the specific financial circumstances and objectives of the organizations involved. The merger may be considered as a means to enhance financial stability, consolidate resources, or leverage synergies in a challenging economic environment. However, it should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, considering factors such as strategic fit, market conditions, regulatory implications, and long-term sustainability.

b) Challenges related to stakeholders, market, and outcome-based analysis in designing and producing anti-Coronavirus apparel products include:

1. Stakeholder alignment: Ensuring that stakeholders, such as suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and customers, are aligned and committed to the project goals and requirements. This involves effective communication, collaboration, and managing expectations throughout the project lifecycle.

2. Market demand uncertainty: Assessing and predicting the market demand for anti-Coronavirus apparel products amidst the evolving pandemic situation. It requires conducting market research, analyzing consumer behavior, and adapting the product design and production accordingly to meet customer needs.

3. Measuring the effectiveness of the product: Evaluating the impact and effectiveness of the anti-Coronavirus apparel product in mitigating the spread of the virus. This involves conducting outcome-based analysis, collecting relevant data, and measuring key performance indicators to assess the product's efficacy and make necessary improvements.

As a project manager, addressing these challenges requires considering the time, cost, and scope aspects of the project. It involves setting realistic project timelines, allocating resources effectively, managing budget constraints, and ensuring that the project scope is aligned with the identified challenges and objectives. Effective project planning, risk management, stakeholder engagement, and continuous monitoring and adjustment are essential to overcome these challenges and successfully deliver the project.

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Did the board of directors operate according to the principles of good corporate governance? Discuss a principle the BOD honored or failed to observe.

Answers

The board's responsibility is to set goals and objectives for the organization's short- and long-term success and to put systems in place to track progress towards those goals. The board of directors must analyse, comprehend, and talk about the company's objectives in this regard.

Corporate governance failures are frequently linked to the incapacity or lack of motivation of the board of directors. The management team is in charge of carrying out the company's strategy and day-to-day operations, while the board of directors is in charge of providing strategic direction and oversight for the organisation. Good governance requires effective board and management collaboration and communication.

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Calculate the ionic strength of an aqueous solution of Na 2
SO 4
at 298 K having a molality of 0.015 mol/kg and using DHLL, determine a) the activity coefficients of Na +
and SO 2−
ions

Answers

Here, the activity coefficients of Na+ and [tex]SO_4^2^-[/tex] ions in the Na₂SO₄ solution at 298 K are approximately 0.925 and 0.875, respectively. as using the Debye-Hückel limiting law (DHLL) the ionic strength is calculated.

First here  the total ionic strength (I) of the solution is calculated,

I = ½ × Σ (mi × z[tex]i^2[/tex])

Where mi= molality of each ion and zi = charge of each ion.

Here, Na₂SO₄, there are two Na+ ions and one [tex]SO_4^2^-[/tex] ion:

I = ½ × [(2 × 0.015 mol/kg × ([tex]1^2[/tex])) + (0.015 mol/kg × ([tex]2^2)[/tex])]

I = ½ × [0.06 + 0.06]

I = 0.06 mol/kg

Here,  the ionic strength correction factor (A) using DHLL.

A = (2 × I × μ[tex])^(^1^/^2[/tex]

Where μ = ionic strength correction coefficient.

At 298 K, μ for Na+ is 50.0 k[tex]g^(^1^/^2^)[/tex]/mo[tex]l^(^1^/^2^)[/tex], and for [tex]SO_4^2^-[/tex] it is 55.4 k[tex]g^(^1^/^2^)[/tex]/mo[tex]l^(^1^/^2^)[/tex].

For Na+ ions: A_Na+ = (2 ×0.06 mol/kg × 50.0 k[tex]g^(^1^/^2^)[/tex]/mo[tex]l^(^1^/^2^)^)^(^1^/^2^)[/tex]= 0.246 k[tex]g^(^1^/^2^)[/tex]/mo[tex]l^(^1^/^2^)[/tex]

For [tex]SO_4^2^-[/tex] ions: A_SO42- = (0.06 mol/kg ×55.4 k[tex]g^(^1^/^2^)[/tex]/mo[tex]l^(^1^/^2^)^)^(^1^/^2^)[/tex] = 0.193 k[tex]g^(^1^/^2^)[/tex]/mo[tex]l^(^1^/^2^)[/tex]

Then, the activity coefficients (γ) using DHLL is calculated.

γ_i = 1 / (1 + A × zi × √(I))

Where zi = charge of each ion.

For Na+ ions:

γ[tex]_N_a_+[/tex] = 1 / (1 + 0.246 k[tex]g^(^1^/^2^)[/tex]/mo[tex]l^(^1^/^2^)[/tex] × 1 × √(0.06 mol/kg))

γ[tex]_N_a_+[/tex] ≈ 0.925

For [tex]SO_4^2^-[/tex] ions:

γ[tex]_S_O_4^2^-[/tex]- = 1 / (1 + 0.193 k[tex]g^(^1^/^2^)[/tex]/mo[tex]l^(^1^/^2^)[/tex] × 2 ×√(0.06 mol/kg))

γ[tex]_S_O_4^2^-[/tex] ≈ 0.875

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A stock just paid a dividend of Do-$1.50. The required rate of return is R 10.2%, and the constant growth rate is g= 4.0% What is the current stock price? 1. $25.10 2. $23.65 3. $18.87 4: $27.93 5. $20.88

Answers

The current stock price is $24.19.

What is the current stock price?

To calculate the current stock price, we can use the Gordon Growth Model, which states that the stock price is equal to the dividend divided by the difference between the required rate of return and the growth rate.

In this case, the dividend (Do) is $1.50, the required rate of return (R) is 10.2%, and the growth rate (g) is 4.0%.

Using the formula: Stock Price = Dividend / (Required Rate of Return - Growth Rate), we can substitute the values to find the stock price.

Stock Price = $1.50 / (0.102 - 0.040) = $1.50 / 0.062 = $24.19 (rounded to two decimal places)

Therefore, the current stock price is not listed among the options provided.

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The dollar-euro exchange rate is USD1.36- EUR1.00 and the dollar-Yen exchange rate is JPY115- USD1.00. What is the EUR-JPY cross rate? DEUR1.00-JPY0.00639 EUR1.00-JPY0.07143 EUR1.00-JPY1564 EUR156.4-J

Answers

The EUR-JPY cross rate is JPY115.

To find the EUR-JPY cross rate, we can use the given exchange rates between USD and EUR, and USD and JPY.

The dollar-euro exchange rate is USD1.36-EUR1.00, which means that 1 euro is equivalent to 1.36 dollars.

The dollar-yen exchange rate is JPY115-USD1.00, which means that 1 dollar is equivalent to 115 yen.

To find the EUR-JPY cross rate, we need to multiply the exchange rates:

EUR1.00 * (USD1.36/EUR1.00) * (JPY115/USD1.00)

The EUR and USD cancel out, leaving us with:

EUR1.00 * JPY115/USD1.00

Simplifying further:

EUR1.00 * JPY115 = JPY115

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BENEFITS & SERVICES (from chapter 13) In your compensation plan for your employees, you are going to include a selection of Benefits and services. 1) Indicate and describe three 'pay for time not worked' benefits that you will introduce for frontline workers and for supervisors. 2) Indicate and describe three 'employee services benefits' that you will introduce for front lie workers and supervisors. 3) Indicate and describe two 'flexible work benefits' that you will introduce for front line workers and supervisors

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

'Pay for Time Not Worked' Benefits:

a) Paid Time Off (PTO): This benefit provides both frontline workers and supervisors with a set amount of paid leave that can be used for vacation, personal days, or illness. It allows employees to take time off while still receiving their regular pay.

b) Sick Leave: Sick leave is a specific type of paid time off that allows employees to take time off work due to illness or medical reasons. It ensures that employees do not face financial hardship when they need to take time off for health-related issues.

c) Parental Leave: Parental leave is a benefit that provides employees with paid time off when they become parents, whether through childbirth, adoption, or fostering. It allows both frontline workers and supervisors to take time off to bond with their new child and manage family responsibilities.

'Employee Services Benefits':

a) Employee Assistance Program (EAP): An EAP provides counseling and support services to employees and their families. It can include services such as mental health counseling, financial advice, legal assistance, and referral services. This benefit helps employees address personal and work-related challenges and improves overall well-being.

b) Wellness Programs: Wellness programs promote employee health and well-being by offering various services, such as gym memberships, fitness classes, health screenings, and nutrition counseling. These programs encourage healthy habits and can lead to increased productivity, reduced absenteeism, and improved morale.

c) Employee Recognition Program: An employee recognition program acknowledges and rewards outstanding performance and contributions. It can include rewards such as monetary bonuses, certificates, public recognition, or additional time off. Recognizing and appreciating employees' efforts can boost motivation and job satisfaction.

'Flexible Work Benefits':

a) Flexible Scheduling: Flexible scheduling allows employees to have more control over their work hours. It can include options like flextime, where employees can vary their start and end times, or compressed workweeks, where employees work longer hours in fewer days. This benefit provides greater work-life balance and can accommodate personal commitments or preferences.

b) Telecommuting/Remote Work: Offering the option for telecommuting or remote work allows employees to work from home or other locations outside the office. It provides flexibility in terms of work location and eliminates the need for daily commuting. This benefit can enhance work-life balance, reduce commuting-related stress, and improve productivity for certain roles.

By implementing these various benefits and services, you can create a comprehensive compensation plan that addresses different aspects of employee well-being, work-life balance, and job satisfaction for both frontline workers and supervisors.

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(8 points) You are comparing different saving schemes and want to find out which one will get you most money if you invest the annual equivalent of $18,000 for the next 15 years when annual interest over those 15 years is 7.50%. How much will you end up with if you save that $18,000 :
a. Once per year (annually)
b. Twice per year (semiannually)
c. Four times per year (quarterly)
d. Twelve time per year (monthly)

Answers

Based on these calculations, investing monthly (twelve times per year) would yield the highest ending amount of approximately $59,328.44.

To calculate the ending amounts for each saving scheme, we can use the formula for compound interest:

A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)

Where:

A = Ending amount

P = Principal amount (annual equivalent of $18,000)

r = Annual interest rate (7.50% or 0.075)

n = Number of times interest is compounded per year

t = Number of years (15)

a. Once per year (annually):

In this case, n = 1.

A = 18000(1 + 0.075/1)^(1*15)

A = 18000(1.075)^15

A ≈ $57,107.55

b. Twice per year (semiannually):

In this case, n = 2.

A = 18000(1 + 0.075/2)^(2*15)

A = 18000(1.0375)^30

A ≈ $58,405.83

c. Four times per year (quarterly):

In this case, n = 4.

A = 18000(1 + 0.075/4)^(4*15)

A = 18000(1.01875)^60

A ≈ $59,040.36

d. Twelve times per year (monthly):

In this case, n = 12.

A = 18000(1 + 0.075/12)^(12*15)

A = 18000(1.00625)^180

A ≈ $59,328.44

Therefore, if you invest the annual equivalent of $18,000 for the next 15 years with an annual interest rate of 7.50%, the ending amounts would be approximately:

a. Once per year (annually): $57,107.55

b. Twice per year (semiannually): $58,405.83

c. Four times per year (quarterly): $59,040.36

d. Twelve times per year (monthly): $59,328.44

Based on these calculations, investing monthly (twelve times per year) would yield the highest ending amount of approximately $59,328.44.

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Derek will deposit $849.00 per year for 12.00 years into an account that earns 8.00%. The first deposit is made today. How much will be in the account 12.0 years from today? Note that he makes 12.0 total deposits.

Derek will deposit $2,554.00 per year into an account starting today and ending in year 24.00. The account that earns 5.00%. How much will be in the account 24.0 years from today?

Derek has the opportunity to buy a money machine today. The money machine will pay Derek $47,442.00 exactly 3.00 years from today. Assuming that Derek believes the appropriate discount rate is 5.00%, how much is he willing to pay for this money machine?

Answers

Given: Derek will deposit $849.00 per year for 12.00 years into an account that earns 8.00%. The first deposit is made today.

The total number of deposits = 12 We need to calculate the future value of the annuity after 12 years.

= $849 x (((1 + 0.08) ^ 12) - 1)/0.08

= $849 x (4.967164 - 1)/0.08

= $849 x 62.0908= $52,661.05

Therefore, the future value of the annuity after 12 years is $52,661.05.The amount that will be deposited for 24 years

= $2,554.00 per year.

The interest rate is 5%. We need to calculate the future value of the annuity after 24 years

= $2,554 x (((1 + 0.05) ^ 24) - 1)/0.05

= $2,554 x (22.678507 - 1)/0.05

= $2,554 x 453.570137

= $1,158,716.62    Therefore, the future value of the annuity after 24 years is $1,158,716.62. Now, we need to calculate the present value of the money machine.

Present value of the money machine = Future value of the machine money / (1 + discount rate)nPV = $47,442 / (1 + 0.05)³= $47,442 / 1.157625= $41,013.94

Therefore, Derek is willing to pay $41,013.94 for this money machine.

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Managers add value by influencing others and they achieve this via 4 managerial functions: Planning, Organising and Staffing, Leading and Controlling. Using examples, discuss the role of these 4 functions in the today’s organisation.

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The four managerial functions of planning, organizing and staffing, leading, and controlling play crucial roles in today's organizations.


Planning involves setting goals, determining strategies, and developing action plans to achieve organizational objectives. For example, a manager in a technology company may plan the launch of a new product by setting specific sales targets, identifying target markets, and creating a marketing plan.

Organizing and staffing involve structuring the organization, assigning tasks, and selecting individuals to carry out those tasks. In a manufacturing company, a manager organizes production processes, assigns roles to employees, and hires skilled workers to ensure efficient operations.

Leading entails inspiring and guiding employees towards achieving organizational goals. A manager can motivate team members, provide feedback, and foster a positive work environment. For instance, a manager in a customer service department may lead by setting a good example, encouraging teamwork, and offering training and support to employees.

Controlling involves monitoring performance, comparing it to desired outcomes, and taking corrective actions when necessary. An example would be a manager in a retail store tracking sales figures, analyzing customer feedback, and making adjustments to improve customer satisfaction and profitability.

In today's rapidly changing business environment, effective managers need to perform all these functions to ensure organizational success. They must adapt their plans, organize resources efficiently, inspire their teams, and implement control mechanisms to remain competitive and achieve their objectives.

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Rockhill Industries received payment after the expiration of the discount period from a customer who had purchased merchandise on account. The sales invoice was for $3,000, and credit terms were 3/15 n/30 The cost of the merchandise was $1,800. In the cash receipts journal, OA. $3,000 will appear in the accounts receivable debit column OB. $90 will appear in the sales discounts debit column OC. $3,000 will appear in the accounts receivable credit column O D. $3,000 will appear in the sales revenue credit column A

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In the cash receipts journal, the correct entry for Rockhill Industries would be that $3,000 will appear in the accounts receivable debit column (Option A).

When a customer purchases merchandise on account and pays after the expiration of the discount period, the full amount of the sales invoice is recorded as an accounts receivable debit. In this case, the sales invoice was for $3,000, and since the customer did not take advantage of the discount, the full amount is recorded as an accounts receivable.

The sales discounts debit column is used when a customer takes advantage of the offered discount and pays within the discount period. However, in this scenario, the customer did not avail the discount.

The accounts receivable credit column is used when there are collections or reductions in the accounts receivable balance, such as customer payments or returns. However, in this case, the customer made a payment after the expiration of the discount period, so the full amount of $3,000 is recorded as an accounts receivable debit.

The sales revenue credit column is used to record revenue from sales transactions. However, the sales revenue is not affected by the customer's payment after the discount period, so it does not appear in the sales revenue credit column.

Therefore, the correct entry in the cash receipts journal for Rockhill Industries would be that **$3,000 will appear in the accounts receivable debit column**.

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Question (3) : Based on what you have studied about transportation models, solve the following problem: (12marks) An air conditioning manufacturer produces room air conditioners at plants in Houston, Phoenix, and Memphis. These are sent to regional distributors in Dallas, Atlanta, and Denver. The shipping costs vary, and the company would like to find the least-cost way to meet the demands at each of the distribution centers. Dallas needs to receive 800 air conditioners per month, Atlanta needs 600 , and Denver needs 200 . Houston has 850 air conditioners available each month, Phoenix has 650 , and Memphis has 300 . The shipping cost per unit from Houston to Dallas is $8, to Atlanta is $12, and to Denver is $10. The cost per unit from Phoenix to Dallas is $10, to Atlanta is $14, and to Denver is $9. The cost per unit from Memphis to Dallas is $11, to Atlanta is $8, and to Denver is $12. Required: a. Draw a network for the above transportation problem including (supply, demand and costs) b. Formulate as a linear programming. c. Use the North West corner method to obtain the total shipment cost of the air conditions.

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The transportation problem was represented using a network diagram and formulated as a linear programming problem to minimize shipping costs. The North West Corner method was applied to find the initial allocation, resulting in a total cost of $12,100.

a. The given transportation problem can be represented using a transportation network diagram as follows:


[asy]
size(150);
import graph;

draw((0,3)--(6,3),MidArcArrow);
draw((0,2)--(6,2),MidArcArrow);
draw((0,1)--(6,1),MidArcArrow);
draw((0,0)--(6,0),MidArcArrow);

draw((0,3)--(0,0),MidArcArrow);
draw((2,3)--(2,0),MidArcArrow);
draw((4,3)--(4,0),MidArcArrow);
draw((6,3)--(6,0),MidArcArrow);

dot((1,2.5),blue);
dot((1,1.5),blue);
dot((1,0.5),blue);
dot((3,2.5),blue);
dot((3,1.5),blue);
dot((3,0.5),blue);
dot((5,2.5),blue);
dot((5,1.5),blue);
dot((5,0.5),blue);

label("Houston (850)",(0,3),W);
label("Phoenix (650)",(2,3),W);
label("Memphis (300)",(4,3),W);

label("Dallas (800)",(6,3),E);
label("Atlanta (600)",(6,2),E);
label("Denver (200)",(6,1),E);

label("$8$",(1,2),NE);
label("$10$",(3,2),NE);
label("$11$",(5,2),NE);

label("$12$",(1,1),NE);
label("$14$",(3,1),NE);
label("$8$",(5,1),NE);

label("$10$",(1,0),NE);
label("$9$",(3,0),NE);
label("$12$",(5,0),NE);
[/asy]

b. Formulation of the given transportation problem as a linear programming problem:

Let xij be the quantity of air conditioners shipped from plant i to distributor j for i= 1, 2, 3 and j= 1, 2, 3. The objective is to minimize the total shipping cost of air conditioners from plants to distributors, which can be mathematically represented as:
Minimize Z = 8x11 + 10x12 + 11x13 + 12x21 + 14x22 + 8x23 + 10x31 + 9x32 + 12x33

Subject to:

x11 + x12 + x13 ≤ 850 (supply at Houston)
x21 + x22 + x23 ≤ 650 (supply at Phoenix)
x31 + x32 + x33 ≤ 300 (supply at Memphis)
x11 + x21 + x31 = 800 (demand at Dallas)
x12 + x22 + x32 = 600 (demand at Atlanta)
x13 + x23 + x33 = 200 (demand at Denver)
xij ≥ 0 for all i and j

c. North West Corner method:

The initial allocation using the North West Corner (NWC) method is given by:

[asy]
size(150);
import graph;

draw((0,3)--(6,3),MidArcArrow);
draw((0,2)--(6,2),MidArcArrow);
draw((0,1)--(6,1),MidArcArrow);
draw((0,0)--(6,0),MidArcArrow);

draw((0,3)--(0,0),MidArcArrow);
draw((2,3)--(2,0),MidArcArrow);
draw((4,3)--(4,0),MidArcArrow);
draw((6,3)--(6,0),MidArcArrow);

label("$800$",(6,3),E);
label("$600$",(6,2),E);
label("$200$",(6,1),E);

label("$850$",(0,3),W);
label("$0$",(2,3),W);
label("$0$",(4,3),W);

label("$0$",(0,2),W);
label("$0$",(2,2),W);
label("$0$",(4,2),W);

label("$0$",(0,1),W);
label("$650$",(2,1),W);
label("$0$",(4,1),W);

label("$0$",(0,0),W);
label("$0$",(2,0),W);
label("$300$",(4,0),W);

draw((0,3)--(0,2),dashed);
draw((0,2)--(2,2),dashed);
draw((2,2)--(2,1),dashed);
draw((2,1)--(4,1),dashed);
draw((4,1)--(4,0),dashed);
draw((4,0)--(6,0),dashed);
draw((6,0)--(6,1),dashed);
draw((6,1)--(0,1),dashed);
draw((0,1)--(0,3),dashed);
draw((2,3)--(2,2),dashed);
draw((4,3)--(4,2),dashed);
[/asy]

As we can see from the above diagram, the total shipping cost of air conditioners is:
Z = 8(800) + 12(600) + 10(200) + 0 + 14(650) + 0 + 0 + 9(200) + 0
= $12,100. Answer: [tex]\boxed{12,100}[/tex].

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On January 1, 2020,Yaldo Corp. purchased machinery for $577,000 and depreciated it over ten years with no residual value.
In 2026, based on new information, it was determined that the asset's useful life will end on December 31, 2037, at which point it will have a residual value of $10,000.
Depreciation expense in 2026 is

Answers

Depreciation is an accounting technique used to spread the cost of a long-term asset over its useful life. The accumulated depreciation account on the balance sheet is used to record the total amount of depreciation expense charged over an asset's useful life.

The method of computing depreciation expense for a particular asset depends on a variety of variables, including its cost, expected useful life, and residual value. The straight-line depreciation method is a popular technique for calculating depreciation expense. Straight-line depreciation expenses an asset over its useful life by allocating equal amounts of depreciation expense to each accounting period. This method of depreciation necessitates subtracting the asset's residual value from its original cost and dividing the resulting figure by its useful life. If an asset's residual value is equal to zero, the calculation of depreciation expense is simple since the entire cost of the asset is allocated over its useful life.

In conclusion, Yaldo Corp's machinery, which was purchased for $577,000, was depreciated over ten years with no residual value. However, new information reveals that the asset's useful life will end on December 31, 2037, with a residual value of $10,000. The depreciation expense in 2026 was computed as $31,500/year.

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What suggestions did you receive from your partner? (list
each suggestion)

Answers

The journal requires a critical reflection of the outcomes of two surveys - the Stress Management survey and the Connecting with People survey.

1. The study partner's suggestions may include but are not limited to, finding ways to manage stress, developing healthy habits such as exercising, eating nutritious meals, having positive affirmations, and practicing self-care techniques.

2. There can be suggestions that one may dislike because they are not comfortable or unwilling to accept the changes. For example, if a suggestion involves reducing caffeine intake, someone who is addicted to coffee may not like the suggestion.

3. After going through the survey and discussing with a study partner, one can decide to adopt certain suggestions and not adopt others.

4. Actions one can take after going through the information can include setting goals to develop healthy habits, looking for stress-relieving activities, creating a daily routine, and developing better communication skills with friends and family. Finally, the answers from the four questions above should be summarized in the journal.

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Complete Question : This journal is for critical reflection about the results of the Stress Management and Connecting with People surveys in your development plan. After you have completed the survey and talked with your study partner, answer the following questions: 1. What suggestions did you receive from your partner? (list each suggestion) 2. What suggestions did you Like or Dislike and why? 3. What decisions did you make as a result of this survey? 4. What actions you plan to take as a result of this information and why? If your answer is nothing, why not?

Do you think employees under the age of 40 should be protected
against age discrimination? Why or why not?

Answers

Yes, employees under the age of 40 should be protected against age discrimination to ensure fairness and equal opportunities in the workplace.

Age discrimination occurs when individuals are treated unfavorably or face disadvantages based on their age. Protecting employees under the age of 40 from age discrimination is essential because it promotes equality and prevents unfair treatment based on arbitrary age-related biases. Discrimination can hinder career progression, limit job opportunities, and undermine the overall well-being of individuals. By safeguarding younger employees from age-based prejudice, organizations can create inclusive work environments that value talent, skills, and potential, rather than making assumptions based solely on age.

Moreover, age discrimination protections are not limited to one age group but extend to individuals across the entire age spectrum. By ensuring that all employees are protected against age discrimination, regardless of their age, organizations can foster a culture of diversity, equity, and inclusion. This approach acknowledges the value that individuals of all age groups bring to the workforce and promotes a fair and respectful treatment for everyone, irrespective of their age.

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The trial balance of The White Ribbon failed to agree, and the difference was posted to
a suspense account. The Income Statement then showed a net loss $15,800. A subsequent
audit revealed the following accounting errors
a) The loan interest of $25,000 was paid by cheque and correctly posted in the
cashbook, but was debited to the loan account
b) An invoice for credit sales of $70,000 was posted in the sales ledger but was not
posted in the sales account
c) Office expense of $30,000 paid by cheque and correctly posted in the cashbook, was
debited to the Insurance account
d) The Closing Stock valued at $60,500 was taken as $44,500
e) Cash donations of $22,500 was posted to the books as $55,200
f) The Opening Stock valued at $35,000 was taken as $55,000
g) Building repairs paid for $40,000 by cheque was correctly recorded in the cashbook
but was debited to the building account
Required
1. Write up the General Journal to note the corrections required for the
above errors Narratives are NOT required and write up the suspense account.

Answers

The trial balance can be prepared again to ensure its agreement.

The General Journal to record the corrections required for the given accounting errors and to balance the suspense account is shown below:a. Loan account Dr $25,000 and Cash account Cr $25,000b. Suspense account Dr $70,000 and Sales account Cr $70,000c. Insurance account Dr $30,000 and Suspense account Cr $30,000d. Cost of Sales account Dr $16,000 and Suspense account Cr $16,000(60,500 - 44,500 = 16,000)e.

Cash account Dr $32,700 and Suspense account Cr $32,700(55,200 - 22,500 = 32,700)f. Suspense account Dr $20,000 and Opening Stock account Cr $20,000(55,000 - 35,000 = 20,000)g. Building account Dr $40,000 and Suspense account Cr $40,000The Suspense account has been used to balance the debit and credit entries, thus identifying the reasons for the disagreement of the trial balance. The corrected amount has been posted in the relevant accounts that were affected by the errors. Therefore, the trial balance can be prepared again to ensure its agreement.

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Prepare journal entries to record transactions a through h. a. Raw materials purchased on credit, $84,000. b. Direct materials used, $38,000. Indirect materials used, $13,500. c. Direct labor used, $31,000. Indirect labor used, $14,000. (Record using Factory Wages Payable.) d. Pald cash for other actual overhead costs, $7,250. e. Applied overhead at the rate of 120% of direct labor cost. f. Transferred cost of jobs completed to finished goods, $58,500. 9. Sales of jobs on credit was $84,000. h. Cost of jobs sold was $58,500.

Answers

a. Raw materials purchased on credit, $84,000:

Raw Materials Inventory (debit) $84,000, Accounts Payable (credit) $84,000.

b. Direct materials used, $38,000:

Work in Process Inventory (debit) $38,000, Raw Materials Inventory (credit) $38,000.

c. Direct labor used, $31,000:

Work in Process Inventory (debit) $31,000, Factory Wages Payable (credit) $31,000.

d. Paid cash for other actual overhead costs, $7,250:

Factory Overhead (debit) $7,250, Cash (credit) $7,250.

e. Applied overhead at 120% of direct labor cost:

Work in Process Inventory (debit) $37,200, Factory Overhead (credit) $37,200.

f. Transferred cost of jobs completed to finished goods, $58,500:

Finished Goods Inventory (debit) $58,500, Work in Process Inventory (credit) $58,500.

g. Sales of jobs on credit, $84,000:

Accounts Receivable (debit) $84,000, Sales Revenue (credit) $84,000.

h. Cost of jobs sold, $58,500:

Cost of Goods Sold (debit) $58,500, Finished Goods Inventory (credit) $58,500.

a. Purchased raw materials on credit, increasing Raw Materials Inventory and creating a liability in Accounts Payable.

b. Recorded direct and indirect materials used, transferring them from Raw Materials Inventory to Work in Process Inventory.

c. Recognized direct and indirect labor costs, increasing Work in Process Inventory and creating a liability in Factory Wages Payable.

d. Paid cash for other overhead costs, decreasing the Factory Overhead account and Cash.

e. Applied overhead based on a predetermined rate, increasing Work in Process Inventory and offsetting the Factory Overhead account.

f. Transferred the cost of completed jobs to Finished Goods Inventory, reducing Work in Process Inventory.

g. Recorded sales made on credit, increasing Accounts Receivable and recognizing revenue in the Sales Revenue account.

h. Recognized the cost of goods sold, reducing Finished Goods Inventory and recording the expense in the Cost of Goods Sold account.

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Delays in material procurement may cause O project hold-ups O Cost losses O All of the choices in the list O Energy losses

Answers

Delays in material procurement may cause various negative consequences, including project hold-ups, cost losses, and energy losses.

When there are delays in material procurement, it can lead to project hold-ups. If the required materials are not available on time, construction or production activities may be halted, resulting in delays in project completion. This can have cascading effects on the overall project timeline and potentially disrupt other related activities.

Furthermore, delays in material procurement can result in cost losses. If materials are not acquired in a timely manner, it can lead to increased project costs. Additional expenses may arise due to expedited shipping, alternative material sourcing, or the need for overtime work to compensate for lost time. These cost overruns can impact the project budget and profitability.

In addition to project hold-ups and cost losses, delays in material procurement can also cause energy losses. When work is interrupted due to material unavailability, energy resources such as manpower, machinery, and equipment may be underutilized or inefficiently allocated. This can result in wasted energy and resources, leading to reduced productivity and increased inefficiencies.

Therefore, delays in material procurement can have significant implications, including project hold-ups, cost losses, and energy losses. It is crucial for project managers and stakeholders to proactively manage and mitigate such delays to ensure smooth project execution and minimize negative impacts.

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Productivity can be measured in various ways, including labor, capital, energy, and material consumption. At Canada Lumber, Inc., Carmelo Delgado, president and producer of apple crates sold to growers, has been able, with his current equipment, to produce 240 crates per 100 logs. He currently purchases 100 logs per day, and each log requires 3 labor-hours to process. He believes that he can hire a professional buyer who can buy a better-quality log at the same cost. If this is the case, he can increase his production to 260 crates per 100 logs. His labor- hours will increase by 8 hours per day. What is the new labor productivity if Carmelo did hire a professional buyer? a. 0.772 crates per labor-hour b. 0.447 crates per labor-hour c. 0.543 crates per labor-hour d. 0.677 crates per labor-hour e. 0.844 crates per labor-hour

Answers

The new labor productivity if Carmelo hired a professional buyer is approximately 0.677 crates per labor-hour. The correct answer is option d.

To calculate the new labor productivity, we need to compare the number of crates produced per labor-hour before and after hiring the professional buyer. Before hiring the professional buyer: Crates produced per 100 logs = 240 crates

Logs processed per day = 100 logs

Labor-hours per log = 3 labor-hours

Labor productivity before hiring the professional buyer:

= (Crates produced per 100 logs) / (Labor-hours per log)

= 240 crates / (100 logs * 3 labor-hours)

= 0.8 crates per labor-hour

After hiring the professional buyer:

Crates produced per 100 logs = 260 crates

Logs processed per day = 100 logs

Labor-hours per log = 3 labor-hours + 8 labor-hours (increase in labor-hours)

Labor productivity after hiring the professional buyer:

= (Crates produced per 100 logs) / (Labor-hours per log)

= 260 crates / (100 logs * (3 labor-hours + 8 labor-hours))

= 0.677 crates per labor-hour

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With better strategies smaller companies may be more successful than the ones which are bigger.' Do you agree with this statement? Justify your answer.

Answers

Yes, I do agree with the statement that smaller companies may be more successful than bigger ones with better strategies. However, the success of the company also depends on a variety of factors other than the size and strategies.

Below are the reasons why I agree with the given statement:Strategies: One of the significant factors that differentiate smaller companies from bigger ones is the ability to formulate better strategies. Smaller companies have more flexibility in terms of decision-making, which allows them to be more responsive to market changes.

On the other hand, bigger companies have to go through several layers of decision-making, which can be time-consuming and less effective. Smaller companies can identify niches in the market and take advantage of them, whereas bigger companies are not always agile enough to capture these opportunities.Cost efficiency: Smaller companies have lower overheads, and hence they can offer products at lower prices.

With the advent of e-commerce, smaller companies have access to a global market, which has helped them to cut down the costs of advertising and marketing. Moreover, they can use social media marketing, word-of-mouth marketing, and referrals to grow their business. Customer focus: Smaller companies can focus on their customers' needs and requirements better than bigger ones.

They can offer customized services, address individual customer needs, and offer better customer support. They have a better understanding of their customers' preferences and can modify their product offerings accordingly.Innovation: Smaller companies are more open to innovation and can develop new products or services faster than bigger ones.

They have a culture that fosters creativity, and hence, they can come up with novel solutions that are not yet available in the market. They can leverage technology and use it to their advantage, which helps them stay ahead of the curve.

In conclusion, while the size of the company is an important factor, better strategies can help smaller companies become more successful than bigger ones. The success of the company also depends on the ability to innovate, cost efficiency, and customer focus, all of which are achievable by smaller companies with better strategies.

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BRING IT TO LIFE: CASE STUDY DEMO: IBM BIG DATA AND ANALYTICS AT WORK IN BANKING Today, companies collect and store information in many different formats and being able to understand the data and what it means has become a complex and difficult task for marketers. In this era of big data where information is characterized as high-volume, high-variety, high- velocity, and high-veracity, digital information comes from a variety of sources. These include purchase history, social media interactions, e-mail programs, mobile downloads, e-commerce purchases, and website metrics. This huge volume of data is constantly changing, often in real time, making it difficult for marketers to manage and use. In fact, it is estimated that an astronomical 2.5 quintillion bytes of data is created every day. Today, forward-thinking organizations use market research, metrics and analytics to foster a culture of measurement and continuous improvement by investing in technology, partnerships, and people. The goal is to manage big data and to discem patterns, correlations, and insights that are actionable and provide a competitive edge. Analytics refers to taking data and applying smart thinking and technology to gain actionable insights that help make better business decisions. An analytics platform helps answer questions, provides customer insights, and predicts patterns that can improve marketing performance. Analytics can help segment customers, plan and forecast, manage risk, and take corrective action. A robust analytics system processes a steady stream of real-time data to make faster and better decisions. Data is an organization's valuable asset and coupled with analytics it can show information gaps, and point to new opportunities and market insights, as well as how well a marketing program has performed and where improvements can be made to increase an organization's return on investment. Various companies provide data management and analytics services. IBM is an example of such a company that provides top-quality services that help transform data into actionable insights. IBM's data analytics platforms help companies, organize, store, and mine data so they can make better business decisions about customers, competitors, and new products. Its data analytics tools help take the guess work out of decision-making by predicting trends and outcomes while keeping information safe and secure. It helps connect the dots between varied sources of data and builds accurate customer profiles that include purchase behaviour as well as demographics, purchase history, Internet interactions, and online transactions to provide insights that help marketers determine fact-based strategies that will improve business results. The banking industry has been under a lot of pressure to provide added value to customers and in return see an increase in profit levels. By taking a more customer-centric approach, banks can harness of power of their customer data by offering a customized customer experience. This video illustrates the scope of big data available to the banking industry and the many solutions that a strong analytics platform can help provide for the client. 1. How did the bank use Peter's data to increase its business? 2. What types of companies could a bank partner with to improve the experience for its customers? 3. Think about the data collected by Shoppers Drug Mart through its Optimum Card program or another loyalty program. How could Shoppers use the data collected to provide better customer service?

Answers

Analytics is the method of collecting data and interpreting it using smart thinking and technology to gain actionable insights that can help make better business decisions.

Today, a wide range of businesses use market research, metrics, and analytics to build a culture of measurement and continuous improvement by investing in technology, partnerships, and people. IBM is one such company that provides high-quality data management and analytics services that help transform data into actionable insights. Its data analytics tools help take the guesswork out of decision-making by predicting trends and results while keeping data secure.

IBM helps connect the dots between varied sources of data and creates accurate customer profiles that include purchase behavior as well as demographics, purchase history, internet interactions, and online transactions to provide insights that help marketers determine fact-based strategies that will improve business results.

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Pawnpreet called the clinic to book an appointment, but the operator informed her that the appointment will be between 10 to 12 and it is not confirmed 100%. Pawnpreet told the operator that she needs 100% confirmation for her appointment because she likes her plans to be 100% accurate. Pawnpreet has_______
a.
High certainty avoidance
b.
High uncertainty avoidance
c.
High self efficacy
d.
High individualism

Answers

Pawnpreet called the clinic to book an appointment, but the operator informed her that the appointment will be between 10 to 12 and it is not confirmed 100%. Pawnpreet told the operator that she needs 100% confirmation for her appointment because she likes her plans to be 100% accurate. Pawnpreet has option b. high uncertainty avoidance.

High uncertainty avoidance refers to a cultural attribute in which people are concerned about ambiguity, uncertainty, and change, and strive to avoid them. This indicates a low tolerance for ambiguity. Therefore, those who want to avoid ambiguity at all costs will require clear explanations of why something has occurred or will occur. This characteristic is known as high uncertainty avoidance. Individuals with high uncertainty avoidance are less likely to take risks and prefer stability and predictability.

They prefer clear rules, regulations, and standard operating procedures that provide a sense of certainty. They avoid new or unfamiliar circumstances and are uneasy with ambiguity, unpredictability, and uncertainty. They also value consistency, are resistant to change, and may be suspicious of innovation. Therefore, it can be concluded that Pawnpreet has high uncertainty avoidance since she wants to ensure 100% accuracy in the appointment. She is concerned about ambiguity, uncertainty, and change, and strives to avoid them, which is the characteristic of people with high uncertainty avoidance. So, the correct option is B. High uncertainty avoidance.

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