Hydro One failed to identify the risk of a major cyber attack, resulting in significant problems for the company.
Hydro One, a Canadian electricity transmission and distribution company, faced a cyber attack in 2018 that compromised its information systems. The company had not adequately identified and prepared for the risk of a cyber attack, leaving it vulnerable to such an incident. The attack led to disruptions in services, compromised customer data, and financial losses for the company.
The failure to identify the risk of a major cyber attack had severe consequences for Hydro One, including operational disruptions and compromised data. It highlights the importance for organizations to assess and address potential cybersecurity risks to safeguard their systems, protect customer information, and ensure business continuity.
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Egrane, Incorporated's monthly bank statement showed the ending balance of cash of $20,400. The bank reconciliation for the period showed an adjustment for a deposit in transit of $2,450, outstanding checks of $3,900, an NSF check of $2,600, bank service charges of $125 and the EFT from a customer in payment of the customer's account of $3,400.
What was the cash balance on the Egrane's books (before the adjustments for items on the bank reconciliation)?
Multiple Choice
$18,275
$24,825
$18,950
$21,850
The cash balance on Egrane's books (before the adjustments for items on the bank reconciliation) is $18,950.the cash balance on the Egrane's books (before the adjustments for items on the bank reconciliation) is $18,950. Answer: $18,950.
A bank statement is a record of a customer's banking transactions from a particular account for a given period that is provided by the financial institution.
Bank statements are typically delivered as a paper document, but they can also be accessed electronically.Bank reconciliations are used by businesses to compare their accounting records to their bank records in order to identify differences and to reconcile the differences. When the two accounts are reconciled, the difference between them is the reconciling item. The reconciling items could include, for example, interest earned but not recorded in the books, deposits in transit, and outstanding checks. The differences will be resolved so that both the accounting records and the bank statement match.
To get the cash balance on Egrane's books before adjustments, we will start by adding the outstanding deposit to the bank statement balance. Outstanding deposit + Bank statement balance$2,450 + $20,400 = $22,850. Then, we will deduct the total of the outstanding checks and NSF check. Outstanding checks + NSF check$3,900 + $2,600 = $6,500. We will subtract this from $22,850:22,850 - 6,500 = 16,350Then, we will add the EFT deposit of $3,400.16,350 + 3,400 = $19,750Therefore,
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Choo-Foo Company makes and sells artistic frames for pictures. The controller is responsible for preparing the master budget and has accumulated the following information for 2020:
January February March April May
Estimated unit sales 11,000 11,000 8,000 10,000 8,000
Sales price per unit $55.00 $52.30 $52.30 $52.30 $52.30
Direct labour hours per unit 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5
Wage per direct labour hour $8.00 $8.00 $8.00 $9.00 $9.00
Choo-Foo has a labour contract that calls for a wage increase to $9.00 per hour on April 1. It has installed new labour-saving machinery, which will be fully operational by March 1.
Choo-Foo expects to begin the year with 15,000 frames on hand and has a policy of carrying an end-of-month inventory of 100% of the following month’s sales, plus 50% of the next month’s sales.
(a) Prepare a production budget and a direct labour budget for Choo-Foo by month and for the first quarter of the year. The direct labour budget should include direct labour hours and show the detail for each direct labour cost category. (Round DLH per unit to 1 decimal places, e.g. 1.2, labor rate per hour to 2 decimal places, e.g. 12.25 and all other answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 125.)
Production Budget and Direct Labor Budget for Choo-Foo Company’s production budget, direct labor budget, and direct materials budget are the key components of the company’s master budget. Choo-Foo Company has compiled the following information for 2020:
January February March April May Estimated unit sales11000110008000100008000Sales price per unit$55.00$52.30$52.30$52.30$52.30Direct labor hours per unit2.02.01.51.51.5Wage per direct labor hour$8.00$8.00$8.00$9.00$9.00For April, the contract calls for a wage increase to $9.00 per hour. The company has installed new labor-saving machinery, which will be fully operational by March 1.
The beginning balance for January is 15,000 frames, and the company plans to maintain an end-of-month inventory of 100% of the following month’s sales, plus 50% of the next month’s sales. The production budget for January, February, and March and the first quarter, as well as the direct labor budget for each month and the first quarter, are listed below: Production Budget for Choo-Foo Company January February March First Quarter Estimated unit sales11,00011,0008,00030,000Add ending inventory10,00012,0006,000Sales
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On January 1, 2020, Speedy Delivery Transportation Company purchased a used aircraft at a cost of $48,400,000. Speedy Delivery expects the plane to remain useful for five years (5,000,000 miles) and to have a residual value of $4,400,000. Speedy Delivery expects to fly the plane 835,000 miles the first year, 1,325,000 miles each year during the second, third, and fourth years, and 190,000 miles the last year. Read the requirements. 1. Compute Speedy Delivery's depreciation for the first two years on the plane using the straight-line method, the units-of-production method, and the double-declining balance method. a. Straight-line method Using the straight-line method, depreciation is for 2020 and for 2021. Requirements 1. Compute Speedy Delivery's depreciation for the first two years on the plane using the following methods: a. Straight-line method b. Units-of-production method (round depreciation per mile to the closest cent) c. Double-declining-balance method 2. Show the airplane's book value at the end of the first year under each depreciation method.
Speedy Delivery's depreciation for the first two years on the plane using the straight-line method, units-of-production method, and the double-declining balance method. The airplane's book value at the end of the first year under each depreciation method is also calculated above.
Straight-line method:
The depreciation cost per year can be calculated by using the straight-line depreciation method.
Depreciation per year = (Cost of asset - Residual value) / Useful life of asset
Depreciation per year = ($48,400,000 - $4,400,000) / 5 years = $8,000,000
Using the straight-line method, the depreciation for 2020 and 2021 is calculated as follows:
Depreciation for 2020 = $8,000,000
Depreciation for 2021 = $8,000,000
Units-of-production method:
Under this method, depreciation cost per mile can be calculated as follows:
Depreciation cost per mile = (Cost of asset - Residual value) / Total expected miles the asset will be drivenDepreciation cost per mile = ($48,400,000 - $4,400,000) / 5,000,000 miles = $8.4
Using the units-of-production method, depreciation per year is calculated as follows:
Depreciation for 2020 = $8.4 × 835,000 miles = $6,994,000
Depreciation for 2021 = $8.4 × 1,325,000 miles = $11,130,000
Depreciation for 2022 = $8.4 × 1,325,000 miles = $11,130,000
Depreciation for 2023 = $8.4 × 1,325,000 miles = $11,130,000
Depreciation for 2024 = $8.4 × 190,000 miles = $1,596,000
Double-declining balance method:In this method, the book value of the asset is reduced by twice the straight-line depreciation rate every year. The double-declining balance rate can be calculated as follows:
Double-declining balance rate = (100% / Useful life) × 2Double-declining balance rate = (100% / 5 years) × 2
Double-declining balance rate = 40%Using the double-declining balance method, the depreciation per year is calculated as follows:
Depreciation for 2020 = $48,400,000 × 40% = $19,360,000 (cannot exceed book value)
Depreciation for 2021 = ($48,400,000 - $19,360,000) × 40% = $11,616,000Book value at the end of the first year:
The book value of an asset can be calculated by subtracting the accumulated depreciation from the cost of the asset.
Book value at the end of 2020 using straight-line depreciation method = $48,400,000 - $8,000,000 = $40,400,000
Book value at the end of 2020 using units-of-production method = $48,400,000 - $6,994,000 = $41,406,000
Book value at the end of 2020 using double-declining balance method = $48,400,000 - $19,360,000 = $29,040,000
Therefore, Speedy Delivery's depreciation for the first two years on the plane using the straight-line method, units-of-production method, and double-declining balance method are shown above. The airplane's book value at the end of the first year under each depreciation method is also calculated above.
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Given Principal: $14,000, 12%, 240 days Partial payments: On 100th day, $6,400 On 180th day, $3,700 a. Use the U.S. Rule to solve for total interest cost. (Use 360 days a year. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent.)
Total interest cost: _____
b. Use the U.S. Rule to solve for balances. (Use 360 days a year. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent.) On 100th day balance _____
On 180th day Balance after the payment $ _____
c. Use the U.S. Rule to solve for final payment. (Use 360 days a year. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent.)
Final payment $_____
Total interest cost: $316.66, On the 100th day balance:$7,386.67, On the 180th day balance after the payment:$3,686.67 and Final payment- $3,748.67.
a. To calculate the total interest cost using the U.S. Rule, we need to find the interest accrued on each partial payment and sum them up.
Interest on the first partial payment:
$6,400 * 0.12 * (100/360) = $213.33
Interest on the second partial payment:
$3,700 * 0.12 * (80/360) = $103.33
Total interest cost: $213.33 + $103.33 = $316.66
b. To calculate the balances using the U.S. Rule, we start with the principal amount and subtract the partial payments along with the accrued interest.
On the 100th day balance:
$14,000 - $6,400 - $213.33 = $7,386.67
On the 180th day balance after the payment:
$7,386.67 - $3,700 = $3,686.67
c. To calculate the final payment using the U.S. Rule, we start with the remaining balance and add the accrued interest.
Final payment:
$3,686.67 + ($3,686.67 * 0.12 * (60/360)) = $3,748.67
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Bahrain Company makes snow blowers. It has two departments that process all products Ambly and Testing. The following data p Direct materials are added at the beginning of the process and conversion costs are undormly incurred. The degree of completion of c At the beginning of September, work in process is 40% complete and at the end of the month wock is process is 60% complete. Oder dat e Beginning work-in-process inventory Units started 8,000 unit Units completed 12,800 units Ending work-in-process inventory 7 Conversion costs for September $800,000 Direct materials cost September $1,040,000 Beginning work-in-process costs: Materials $616,000 Conversion $328.320 12 prints Required: (9 marks) a) Prepare a production cost schedule for the Assembly Department at the end of September using the weighted average method of process costing b) Prepare the necessary journal entries. (3 marks)
a) Production Cost Schedule for the Assembly Department at the end of September using the weighted average method of process costing:
Units Materials ($). Conversion Costs ($)
Beginning work-in-process inventory (BWIP) 6,400 $328,320 $487,680
Units started 8,000 - -
Total units accounted for (BWIP + Units) 14,400 - -
Units completed 12,800 - -
Ending work-in-process inventory (EWIP) 1,600 - -
Equivalent Units of Production 14,400 - -
Cost per equivalent unit
Materials $22.83
Conversion costs - $91.67
Costs accounted for
Materials $292,800
Conversion costs - $1,173,333
Total costs $292,800. $1,173,333
b) Journal Entries:
1. To record the transfer of costs from beginning work-in-process inventory (BWIP) to production:
Debit: Work-in-Process Inventory (Assembly) - Materials: $328,320
Debit: Work-in-Process Inventory (Assembly) - Conversion Costs: $487,680
Credit: Beginning Work-in-Process Inventory (Assembly): $816,000
2. To record the transfer of costs from production to ending work-in-process inventory (EWIP):
Debit: Ending Work-in-Process Inventory (Assembly): $146,133.33 (Materials) + $586,200 (Conversion Costs)
Credit: Work-in-Process Inventory (Assembly) - Materials: $146,133.33
Credit: Work-in-Process Inventory (Assembly) - Conversion Costs: $586,200
3. To record the completion of units:
Debit: Finished Goods Inventory: $292,800 (Materials) + $1,173,333 (Conversion Costs)
Credit: Work-in-Process Inventory (Assembly) - Materials: $292,800
Credit: Work-in-Process Inventory (Assembly) - Conversion Costs: $1,173,333
Please note that the values in the production cost schedule and journal entries are based on the information provided and calculations specific to the weighted average method of process costing.
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the gdp deflator is equal to. nominal gdp minus real gdp. nominal gdp multiplied by real gdp. nominal gdp divided by real gdp. nominal gdp plus real gdp.
The GDP deflator is equal to nominal GDP divided by real GDP. This can be written as follows:Answer: Nominal GDP divided by real GDP.Long answer:The GDP deflator is a price index used to measure the change in prices of all new and final goods and services produced in an economy.
It measures the inflation and deflation in an economy. The GDP deflator is calculated as the ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP. Nominal GDP refers to the total monetary value of all final goods and services produced in an economy in a given period. On the other hand, real GDP is nominal GDP adjusted for inflation.Real GDP accounts for changes in the price level and makes it easier to compare economic performance from one period to another. By dividing nominal GDP by real GDP, we get the GDP deflator.
This ratio tells us how much of the change in nominal GDP is due to changes in prices and how much is due to changes in quantities.The formula for calculating the GDP deflator is:GDP deflator = (Nominal GDP / Real GDP) x 100The GDP deflator is an important indicator of the inflation rate in an economy. If the GDP deflator is increasing, it means that the prices of goods and services in the economy are rising, indicating inflation. Conversely, if the GDP deflator is decreasing, it indicates that prices of goods and services are falling, indicating deflation.EXPLANATION:The correct answer is: Nominal GDP divided by real GDP.
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.The following data are taken from the financial statements of Sigmon Inc. Terms of all sales are 2/10, n/45.
Question 7.
Horizontally analyze the financial data.
Calculate how many days it took Sigmon Inc. to collect its receivables (i.e. Sigmon's average collection period) in 20Y3. Show your work. Label key numbers used in calculations. Explain your findings.
To calculate Sigmon Inc.'s average collection period in 20Y3, we need to determine the number of days it took the company to collect its receivables on average. The average collection period is calculated by dividing the accounts receivable balance by the average daily credit sales.
To calculate the average daily credit sales, we need the total credit sales for the year and the number of days in the year. However, the financial data provided does not include the credit sales information. Without this information, it is not possible to calculate the average collection period accurately.
To horizontally analyze the financial data, we would compare the relevant financial figures from different periods, such as comparing the accounts receivable balance or the sales figures from 20Y2 to 20Y3. However, without specific financial data to analyze, it is not possible to perform a horizontal analysis.
Therefore, without additional information regarding credit sales, we cannot calculate the average collection period or perform a meaningful horizontal analysis of the financial data.
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1. Explain the Freudian theory of the self. Give an example of an advertisement which uses this theory. Explain in detail the relationship between the message of the ad and the Freudian theory of the self. 2. What is conformity? Why do we feel the need to conform and how does this affect our consumption behavior? Explain the factors which contribute to higher levels of conformity.
According to the Freudian theory, the self can be divided into three parts - the id, ego, and superego. The id is our unconscious self that contains our desires and impulses.
The ego is the conscious self that mediates between the id and the external world. The superego is our moral compass and strives for perfection and idealism. An example of an advertisement that uses Freudian theory is the Calvin Klein ad campaign that features highly sexualized images. These ads play on the viewer's unconscious desires and impulses (the id) to create an association between the brand and these desires. The relationship between the message of the ad and the Freudian theory of the self is that the ad is appealing to the viewer's unconscious desires, which is the id. The ad creates a strong association between the brand and these desires, which makes the viewer more likely to purchase the product.
Conformity is the tendency to adjust one's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to fit in with a group or society. We feel the need to conform because it helps us to fit in and feel accepted by our peers. Conformity affects our consumption behavior by influencing the products we buy, the brands we choose, and the behaviors we engage in.
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(2) You've read in chapter 2 about the various Western European powers - the Spanish, French, Dutch, and English - attempting to establish colonial empires in the Americas.
Now, write for 15 minutes, for AT LEAST 250 words, imagine you are a Native American Indian. From your perspective, which of these European powers would be the best to encounter? Which would be the worst? DESCRIBE the Spanish, French, Dutch, and English encounters on your land. What are your thoughts about how these newly established relationships are unfolding with this particular group of Europeans who are colonizing your area?
From the perspective of a Native American Indian, the Dutch would be the best European power to encounter due to their relatively peaceful and fair interactions. On the other hand, the Spanish would be the worst due to their aggressive colonization methods and mistreatment of indigenous populations. The French and English encounters fall somewhere in between, with the French showing some respect for Native American culture but still asserting their dominance, while the English exhibit a mix of cooperation and conflict.
As a Native American Indian, the encounter with the Dutch would be the most favorable. The Dutch approach colonization with a focus on trade and cooperation rather than forceful conquest. They establish mutually beneficial relationships with Native American tribes, engaging in fair trade practices and respecting indigenous cultures to some extent.
The Dutch prioritize economic exchange and maintain relatively peaceful interactions with Native Americans.
Conversely, the Spanish encounter would be the worst. The Spanish colonization of the Americas is marked by a history of violence, exploitation, and forced labor.
They bring diseases that devastate Native American populations, and their quest for gold and power leads to the enslavement and mistreatment of indigenous people. The Spanish aim to dominate and control the land, disregarding the rights and well-being of Native Americans.
The French and English encounters fall in between these extremes. The French exhibit some level of respect for Native American cultures and form alliances with certain tribes for economic and military purposes.
However, they still assert their dominance and influence over indigenous lands. The English initially establish cooperative relationships with Native American tribes, engaging in trade and forming alliances. However, conflicts arise as English settlements expand and encroach upon Native American territories, leading to tensions and violence.
Overall, the encounters with European powers bring about complex and varied experiences for Native American Indians. While the Dutch offer more peaceful and fair interactions, the Spanish represent the worst encounter due to their brutal colonization methods.
The French and English fall somewhere in between, exhibiting both cooperation and conflict in their interactions with indigenous populations.
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the amount of coverage on a group credit life policy is limited to
The coverage amount on a group credit life policy is subject to limitations.
Group credit life insurance policies provide coverage for a group of individuals, typically associated with a common organization or affiliation, such as employees of a company or members of an association. These policies are designed to cover outstanding debts or loans in the event of the insured individuals' death. However, the coverage amount on a group credit life policy is typically limited.
The limitation on coverage amount is determined by several factors, including the policy terms and conditions, the maximum insurable amount specified by the insurance provider, and the total outstanding debt or loan amount of the insured individuals.
The purpose of the limitation is to ensure that the coverage remains within reasonable and sustainable limits for the insurer, while still providing adequate protection to the insured group.
It is important for individuals considering group credit life insurance to carefully review the policy terms and understand the coverage limitations. This will help them assess whether the provided coverage amount aligns with their needs and financial obligations.
Additionally, individuals should consider any additional coverage they may require beyond the limitations of the group credit life policy, such as individual life insurance policies, to ensure comprehensive financial protection.
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The amount of coverage on a group credit life policy is limited to certain factors including claims, costs of running the company and leaving room for profits.
Explanation:The amount of coverage on a group credit life policy is limited to the average person's claims, the costs of running the company and leaving room for the firm's profits. Actuarially fair insurance premiums accurately reflect the risk group of individuals, so certain people may end up paying considerable amounts based on their expected costs.
For example, insurance companies may generally charge higher premiums for individuals with chronic diseases, elderly individuals, or young male drivers who have higher risks. Thus, Individuals pay actuarially fair insurance rates depending on their risk category, with some paying more due to their higher risks.
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__________ is a performance dimension that considers how quickly operations and supply chains can respond to the unique needs of customers.
Responsiveness is a performance dimension that considers how quickly operations and supply chains can respond to the unique needs of customers.
Responsiveness is a critical performance dimension in operations and supply chain management. It refers to the ability of an organization to quickly and effectively respond to the unique needs and demands of its customers. This dimension focuses on the speed and flexibility of operations and supply chains to adapt and meet customer requirements.
In a competitive business environment, customers often have varying preferences, changing demands, and short lead times. Therefore, organizations need to be responsive to these dynamic market conditions to stay competitive and satisfy customer expectations. This involves efficiently managing inventory, production processes, and distribution channels to minimize response time and deliver products or services in a timely manner.
Responsiveness encompasses various aspects such as lead time reduction, agile manufacturing, quick response to customer inquiries, flexible production systems, efficient order processing, and effective supply chain coordination. By prioritizing responsiveness, organizations can enhance customer satisfaction, increase market share, and gain a competitive advantage in today's fast-paced and ever-changing business landscape.
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In a boom period, the creek stock is expected to return 24% and in normal economy, it gives 11% ,and a negative 18% in a recessionary period. The probability of a recession is 10%. There is a 20% chance of a boom economy. The remainder of the time the economy will be at normal levels. What is the standard deviation of the returns on Creek stock?
B) Discuss briefly how can we calculate return on stock, if measure of systematic risk is given.
The return on stock can be calculated by adding the product of the stock's beta and the market risk premium to the risk-free rate.
To calculate the return on stock based on the measure of systematic risk, we can use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). CAPM relates the expected return on an investment to its systematic risk, as measured by beta. The formula for calculating the expected return is:
Expected Return = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * (Market Risk Premium)
The risk-free rate represents the return on a risk-free investment, such as government bonds. Beta measures the sensitivity of the stock's returns to market movements. The market risk premium is the excess return investors expect to earn for taking on the systematic risk of the overall market.
By using the stock's beta and the market risk premium, we can estimate the expected return on the stock. This calculation takes into account the systematic risk associated with the stock and provides a measure of the return that compensates for that risk.
Therefore, the CAPM approach allows us to estimate the return on stock by incorporating the stock's beta and the market risk premium. It provides a framework for evaluating the expected return based on the systematic risk associated with the stock and helps investors make informed investment decisions.
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An exchange between a buyer and seller occurs usually when the exchange creates both a consumer surplus and a supplier surplus. Market efficiency occurs when consumer and supplier surplus are maximized. However, in exchanges between buyers and sellers, should society be only concerned with market efficiency? For this discussion, answer the following questions and respond to at least two classmates.
1a) Describe a personal experience of when you purchased a product or service whereby you feel you maximized surplus as a consumer and b) why this qualifies as being an example of consumer surplus. (2 marks)
Answer as follows:
1a) My personal experience is as follows: ......
1b) This qualifies as an example of consumer surplus because .....
The concept of market efficiency is used in the market to maximize both the consumer and the supplier surplus. It is worth noting that the society should not just be concerned with market efficiency when it comes to the exchange of buyers and sellers.
This is because there are many other factors that ought to be considered such as the external costs and benefits that are associated with that exchange. Personal experience of maximizing surplus as a consumer 1a) A personal experience of when I purchased a product whereby I felt I maximized surplus as a consumer was when I went shopping for clothes at a retail store. During that day, I saw an amazing top that was on a 50% discount.
I decided to buy the top because I had planned to buy it and was happy that I got a discount. 1b) This qualifies as an example of consumer surplus because I got satisfaction from buying the product at a discounted price which gave me a feeling of satisfaction. Conclusion society should not only be concerned with market efficiency when it comes to the exchange of buyers and sellers. This is because there are many other factors that ought to be considered such as the external costs and benefits that are associated with that exchange.
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IBM expects to pay a dividend of $4 next year and expects these dividends to grow at 7% a year. The price of IBM is $95 per share What is IBM's cost of equity capital? OA. 11.21% OB. 3.36% OC. 4.48% OD. 7%
The cost of equity capital (Ke) of IBM's share is 11.21% approximately, which means the correct option is (A) 11.21%.
How to find?Cost of equity capital (Ke)The cost of equity capital is the return a company requires to attract equity investors to purchase shares of its stock.
It is calculated by dividing the total amount of dividends paid out over a year by the value of the company’s stock.
Considering the above formula we can derive an equation for cost of equity capital (Ke) using the dividend discount model (DDM).
The dividend discount model (DDM) can be defined as a procedure to value the stock price of a company by discounting the expected dividend payments.
The formula for DDM is shown below:
Po = D1/(Ke-g)
where
Po = the price of the stock
D1 = the dividend to be paid at the end of the year
Ke = the cost of equity capital
g = the growth rate of the dividends per share.
Substituting the given values in the above formula, we get:
Po = D1/(Ke-g)95
= 4/(Ke-0.07)95Ke - 6.65
= 4
Ke = (4 + 6.65) / 95Ke
= 0.11 or 11.21%.
Hence, the cost of equity capital (Ke) of IBM's share is 11.21% approximately.
Therefore, the correct option is (A) 11.21%.
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which retailer is known for their iconic "bluelight specials"?
The retailer known for their iconic "blue light specials" is Kmart. Blue light is the light used in screens such as laptop, mobile phones and television.
What are Blue Light Specials?Blue Light Specials is a promotional practice that was initiated by the Kmart company in 1965 in which a store employee would switch on a revolving blue light and offer a discount for a limited period of time (generally around 15 minutes) on products throughout the store. This promotion became so popular that it became synonymous with the Kmart brand, and the company also expanded into other retail areas.
Kmart was a department store chain that gained popularity in the mid-20th century. They introduced the concept of bluelight specials, which were surprise in-store sales announced over the loudspeakers. During a blue light special, a flashing blue light would be placed in a specific department, and customers would rush to find discounted items before the sale ended.
The bluelight specials became a recognizable and exciting feature of the Kmart shopping experience. However, it's worth noting that Kmart has faced financial difficulties in recent years and has closed many of its stores.
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Use the above table of indented BOM to answer the following questions (You can convert the indented BOM into a product tree structure): 1. How many units of C is required to make 1 unit of A? 2. How many units of E is required to make 25 units of A? 3. How many units of G is required to make 10 units of A? 4. In the above indented BOM, if the planned order releases for A are 20 in period 2; 40 in period 4; and 25 in period 5 then what are the gross requirements for B in period 2,4 and 5? 5. In the above indented BOM, if the planned order releases for B are 30 in period 2; 45 in period 4; and 35 in period 5 then what are the gross requirements for C in period 2,4 and 5? 6. In the above indented BOM, if the planned order releases for E are 40 in period 1; 55 in period 3; and 80 in period 5 then what are the gross requirements for F in period 1,3 and 5? Level Item Qty 0--- А 1 -1 -- B 2 --2- с 3 ---3 D 1 ---3 E 1 F 1 --2- G 2 ---3 H 1 ---3 I 1 In the above indented BOM, 7. What are the components of C? 8. What are the components of A (limit it to the immediate lower level and not subcomponents)?
The product tree for the given indented BOM is as follows:The answer to the given questions is as follows:1. In order to make 1 unit of A, we need 2 units of C. 2. In order to make 25 units of A, we need 25 * 2 = 50 units of E. 3. In order to make 10 units of A, we need 10 * 2 = 20 units of G. 4.
The planned order releases for A are given as follows: Period 2: 20Period 4: 40Period 5: 25Gross requirements for B in period 2 will be: 20 * 3 = 60Gross requirements for B in period 4 will be: 40 * 3 = 120Gross requirements for B in period 5 will be: 25 * 3 = 755. The planned order releases for B are given as follows:Period 2: 30Period 4: 45Period 5: 35 Gross requirements for C in period 2 will be: 30 * 2 = 60.
Gross requirements for C in period 4 will be: 45 * 2 = 90Gross requirements for C in period 5 will be: 35 * 2 = 706. The planned order releases for E are given as follows:Period 1: 40Period 3: 55Period 5: 80Gross requirements for F in period 1 will be: 40 * 1 = 40Gross requirements for F in period 3 will be: 55 * 1 = 55Gross requirements for F in period 5 will be: 80 * 1 = 807. The components of C are D and G. 8. The components of A are B, C, and E.
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suppose that technological progress increases the productivity of teachers, and the demand for teachers increases. which of the following accurately describes the labor market for teachers after the technological change? equilibrium wages will group of answer choices rise, and the equilibrium quantity of teachers employed will fall. rise, and the equilibrium quantity of teachers employed will rise. fall, and the equilibrium quantity of teachers employed will fall. fall, and the equilibrium quantity of teachers employed will rise.
If the quantity of teachers employed falls due to technological progress increasing their productivity and the demand for teachers, the equilibrium wages will rise.
When the quantity of teachers employed falls due to technological progress increasing their productivity and the demand for teachers, the equilibrium wages will rise in the labor market.
Technological progress and increased productivity: Technological progress can enhance the productivity of teachers by providing them with tools, resources, and educational technologies that improve their teaching effectiveness.
This increased productivity can lead to a higher demand for teachers in the labor market.
Decrease in the quantity of teachers employed: Despite the increased demand for teachers, if technological progress significantly improves their productivity, fewer teachers may be needed to meet the educational needs.
This decrease in the quantity of teachers employed can be attributed to the higher efficiency and effectiveness brought about by technology.
Impact on equilibrium wages: As the quantity of teachers employed falls while the demand for teachers rises, the labor market for teachers experiences a decrease in the supply of available teachers.
This decrease in supply relative to demand leads to an upward pressure on wages. To attract and retain qualified teachers, schools and educational institutions may need to offer higher wages to compete in the labor market.
Equilibrium quantity of teachers employed: The equilibrium quantity of teachers employed can be expected to decrease due to the impact of technological progress on productivity.
However, the specific magnitude of this decrease depends on the balance between the increased demand for teachers and the reduction in the quantity of teachers needed to meet that demand.
In summary, if the quantity of teachers employed falls as a result of technological progress increasing their productivity and the demand for teachers, the equilibrium wages in the labor market for teachers will rise.
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Please respond to this assignment by Sunday. This should be a minimum of one to two pages. Be sure to cite your references.
Find an ad from a magazine, email, website or other (include an image of the ad with your submission). Choose three pros or cons in the social aspects of advertising. Explain how the ad you chose educates (or misleads) consumers, affects the standard of living, affects happiness, influences mass media, and is demeaning or artful.
Pros of Social Aspects in Advertising:
Consumer Education: Advertising plays a crucial role in educating consumers about new products, services, and innovations in the market. Well-designed ads can provide valuable information that helps consumers make informed purchasing decisions.
Economic Impact: Advertising fuels economic growth by promoting business activities and driving consumer demand. It creates job opportunities, supports industries, and contributes to overall economic development.
Creative Expression: Advertising has the potential to be a form of art, utilizing creative elements such as visuals, storytelling, and design. It allows advertisers to convey messages in imaginative and engaging ways, capturing audience attention and fostering appreciation for creativity.
Cons of Social Aspects in Advertising:
Misleading or Deceptive Practices: Some advertisements can mislead consumers by exaggerating product claims or using deceptive tactics. Misleading ads can create false expectations, leading to dissatisfaction and distrust among consumers.
Manipulation and Influence: Advertising has the power to influence consumer behavior and shape perceptions. Advertisers often employ persuasive techniques to create desire or manipulate emotions, potentially impacting consumers' standard of living and financial decisions.
Demeaning or Exploitative Content: Certain advertisements may contain demeaning or exploitative content, objectifying individuals or reinforcing stereotypes. Such ads can perpetuate harmful social norms and negatively impact marginalized groups.
When analyzing a specific ad, it is essential to consider its impact on consumer education, the standard of living, happiness, influence on mass media, and whether it is demeaning or artful. This analysis requires a visual representation of the ad and a detailed examination of its content, message, and intended target audience. By critically assessing these factors, one can determine whether the ad effectively educates consumers, enhances or misleads their standard of living, influences mass media positively or negatively, and portrays a demeaning or artful representation
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Between 2013 and 2015, approximately what fraction of hospitals added online patient access to medical records?
A. Three-quarters
B. One-half
C .One-third
D. One-fifth
Between 2013 and 2015, approximately one-third (C) of hospitals added online patient access to medical records. This means that out of all the hospitals during that time period, around 33.3% of them implemented online systems for patients to access their medical records digitally.
The adoption of online patient access to medical records was a significant development in healthcare during that period. It allowed patients to conveniently access their health information, including test results, medications, and medical history, through secure online portals. This increased transparency and empowered patients to take a more active role in managing their healthcare. Additionally, online access to medical records enhanced communication between patients and healthcare providers, as patients could easily share their health information with other healthcare professionals when needed. The implementation of such systems demonstrated the healthcare industry's commitment to leveraging technology to improve patient care and engagement.
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Discussion Board Question: How would you describe the current state of the economy? What statistic(s) stood out to you the most? What are you seeing in your part-time job or hearing from others? What do you think is the number one concern today regarding the economy? Why (quote a statistic in your answer)?
Previous question
To describe the current state of the economy, it's important to consider various indicators and statistics such as GDP growth rate, unemployment rate, inflation rate, and consumer spending. These indicators provide insights into the overall health and performance of the economy.
One statistic that could stand out is the unemployment rate. High unemployment rates can indicate a sluggish economy, while low rates suggest a healthier job market and increased economic activity. For example, a recent statistic might show a decrease in the unemployment rate, suggesting a positive trend in job creation and economic recovery.
In terms of a part-time job or anecdotal evidence, it would be relevant to mention personal observations or experiences related to the local job market, consumer behavior, or business conditions. These insights can provide a more nuanced perspective on the current state of the economy.
The number one concern regarding the economy may vary depending on the context and specific circumstances. However, a common concern in many economies is income inequality. One possible statistic to support this concern could be the Gini coefficient, which measures income inequality within a country. A high Gini coefficient indicates greater income inequality and can lead to social and economic challenges.
Assessing the current state of the economy requires a comprehensive analysis of relevant indicators and personal observations. It is essential to consider statistics such as unemployment rate and income inequality to understand the challenges and trends in the economy. However, without access to real-time data, it is important to rely on up-to-date and accurate sources to provide a more precise assessment of the current economic conditions.
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A company's sales in Year 1 were $250,000 and in Year 2 were
$287,500. Using Year 1 as the base year, the sales trend percent
for Year 2 is:
87%.
100%.
115%.
15%.
Option d: the sales trend percentage for Year 2 as per the information provided through calculation is 15%.
The sales trend percentage for year 2 is 15%.
to calculate sales trend percentage:
The sales trend percentage can be calculated as the percentage increase in sales between two periods. You need the following formula to calculate the sales trend percentage
:($ Value of sales in Year 2 - $ Value of sales in Year 1) ÷ $ Value of sales in Year 1 × 100
The dollar value of sales in Year 1 was $250,000, while in Year 2, it was $287,500.
Using the formula above, we can calculate the sales trend percentage for Year 2 as follows:
($287,500 - $250,000) ÷ $250,000 × 100 = 15%
Therefore, the sales trend percentage for Year 2 is 15% option d is the correct answer.
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A commercial bank has checkable deposits of $880, loans of value $775 and reserves at $105. The bank then receives a new deposit of $64. The required reserve ratio is 5%. After the new deposit but prior to asset transformation, the bank has excess reserves of _____ and then after asset transformation, where excess reserves are zero, the bank's total value of loans is _____
O $27.4: $896.8
O $27.4; $802.4
O $121.80; $896.8
O $121.80; $802.4
After the new deposit but prior to asset transformation, the bank has excess reserves of $61, and after asset transformation, where excess reserves are zero, the bank's total value of loans is $775.
To calculate the excess reserves after the new deposit and the total value of loans after asset transformation, we need to follow the steps:
Calculate the required reserves based on the required reserve ratio:
Required Reserves = Checkable Deposits * Required Reserve Ratio
Required Reserves = $880 * 0.05
Required Reserves = $44
Calculate the excess reserves before asset transformation:
Excess Reserves = Reserves - Required Reserves
Excess Reserves = $105 - $44
Excess Reserves = $61
Calculate the new total reserves after the new deposit:
Total Reserves = Reserves + New Deposit
Total Reserves = $105 + $64
Total Reserves = $169
Calculate the new total deposits after the new deposit:
Total Deposits = Checkable Deposits + New Deposit
Total Deposits = $880 + $64
Total Deposits = $944
Calculate the new required reserves based on the required reserve ratio and total deposits:
New Required Reserves = Total Deposits * Required Reserve Ratio
New Required Reserves = $944 * 0.05
New Required Reserves = $47.2
Calculate the new excess reserves after asset transformation:
New Excess Reserves = Total Reserves - New Required Reserves
New Excess Reserves = $169 - $47.2
New Excess Reserves = $121.8
Calculate the total value of loans after asset transformation:
Total Loans = Total Deposits - Total Reserves
Total Loans = $944 - $169
Total Loans = $775
Therefore, the correct answer is:
After the new deposit but prior to asset transformation, the bank has excess reserves of $61, and after asset transformation, where excess reserves are zero, the bank's total value of loans is $775.
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Selling price.. $30 Units in beginning inventory.. 300 Units produced.. 1,800 Units sold.... 2,000 Units in ending inventory. 100 Variable costs per unit: Direct materials.. $4 Direct labor. $5 $6 Variable manufacturing overhead......... Variable selling and administrative........ Fixed costs: $1 Fixed manufacturing overhead............ $18,000 Fixed selling and administrative.......... $9,000 Required: 1. Compute the unit product cost under Absorption costing and Variable costing 2. Prepare an absorption costing income statement for September 3. Prepare a contribution format income statement for September using variable costing 4. Reconcile the absorption costing and variable costing net operating incomes in (2) and (3) above Absorption costing income statement, Gross margin is: Choose.. # Absorption costing income statement, Sales is: Choose.. + the unit product cost under Variable costing Choose.. # Variable costing income statement, Contribution margin is: Choose.. + Reconcile the absorption costing and variable costing net operating incomes Choose... # fixed manufacturing overhead cost released from inventory under absorption costing is: ADD/(Deduct) Absorption costing income statement, Net operating income /(loss) is: Choose.. + Variable costing income statement, Net operating income /(loss) is: Choose.. # the unit product cost under Absorption costing Choose...
(1) Total cost per unit: $18 per unit
1. Compute the unit product cost under Absorption costing and Variable costing:
Unit product cost under absorption costing
Direct materials: $4
Direct labor: $5
Variable manufacturing overhead: $6
Fixed manufacturing overhead: ($1 + $18,000 ÷ 1,800) = $11 per unit
Total cost per unit: $26 per unit
Unit product cost under variable costing
Direct materials: $4
Direct labor: $5
Variable manufacturing overhead: $6
Variable selling and administrative: $3
Total cost per unit: $18 per unit
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.A six-month note receivable for $8,000 at 14%, dated October 1, 2020, has accrued interest revenue of intermediate calculations to two decimal places, and your final answer to the nearest dollar.) as of December 31, 2025. (Round any Select one: A. $280 B. $140 O C. $500 D. $1,120
To calculate the accrued interest revenue on the six-month note receivable, we need to determine the number of days between December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2025.
First, let's calculate the number of days in a year: 365 days
Next, let's calculate the number of days between December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2025: December 31, 2025 - December 31, 2020 = 5 years x 365 days/year = 1,825 days
Since the note is a six-month note, the interest is calculated for 180 days (6 months). Now, let's calculate the accrued interest revenue:
Accrued interest revenue = Principal x Interest rate x Time
Accrued interest revenue = $8,000 x 14% x (180/1,825)
Calculating the accrued interest revenue:
Accrued interest revenue = $8,000 x 0.14 x 0.09863 ≈ $110.904
Rounding to the nearest dollar, the accrued interest revenue as of December 31, 2025, is $111. Therefore, the correct answer is not provided in the options. The closest option is B. $140, but the accurate answer is $111.
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Project Name: Accounting Information system
Methodology Selection
Compare any two methodologies and select one suitable methodology for the proposed project. You are required to provide a detailed justification for choosing a particular methodology. If you are planning to use any diagrams from the web, do remember to cite them.
Project Name: Accounting Information system Methodology SelectionWhen it comes to selecting an appropriate methodology for the Accounting Information system project, it is critical to first understand the nature of the project and the objectives that are expected to be achieved. The two methodologies that will be compared in this context are the Waterfall methodology and the Agile methodology.
Waterfall methodology is a traditional software development methodology that is linear and sequential. The waterfall model follows a rigid sequence, where each phase must be completed before moving on to the next. The development process is separated into various stages, each of which is distinct and unambiguous. The Waterfall methodology requires extensive documentation to be created at every stage of the project life cycle, which is beneficial for future maintenance and upgrading.The Agile methodology, on the other hand, is a relatively new development methodology that is iterative and adaptive. The Agile methodology is a collection of methodologies that are based on the Agile Manifesto, which prioritizes customer satisfaction through the delivery of a working software at regular intervals. In the Agile methodology, each iteration or sprint is dedicated to delivering a specific function or feature, with the end product being a working prototype of the project. Furthermore, in an Agile methodology, changes and improvements to the system can be made at any point during the project life cycle because the emphasis is on adaptability and flexibility.Based on the nature of the Accounting Information system project, it is recommended that the Agile methodology be adopted. The Agile methodology, with its emphasis on adaptability and flexibility, is ideally suited for Accounting Information system development projects. In addition, the Accounting Information system project is complex and requires the active participation of stakeholders in the development process, which is supported by the Agile methodology through its focus on communication and collaboration between the development team and the stakeholders. Finally, the Agile methodology's iterative nature allows the development team to make changes and improvements as needed, ensuring that the end product meets the needs of the stakeholders. Therefore, the Agile methodology is the most suitable methodology for the Accounting Information system project. If we take a look at the pros and cons of the methodologies, Waterfall might be considered a more reliable choice, but its rigidity and less flexibility may hinder the project's progress. Agile, on the other hand, can provide flexibility and timely implementation. Hence, Agile methodology will be chosen.
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(Quantitative) A one-year bond has an annual coupon of 6% and a face value of $1,000. What will be the rate of return of an investor who buys the bond at issuance for $963.75 and holds it to maturity?
To calculate the rate of return for an investor who buys a one-year bond at issuance and holds it to maturity, we need to consider the coupon payments received and the gain or loss from the difference between the purchase price and the face value.
Given:
Annual coupon: 6% of $1,000 = $60
Face value: $1,000
Purchase price: $963.75
The total return from the bond investment consists of two components:
Coupon Payments: The investor will receive a coupon payment of $60 at the end of the year.
Gain or Loss from Difference in Purchase Price and Face Value: The difference between the purchase price and the face value represents either a gain or a loss.
Face Value - Purchase Price = $1,000 - $963.75 = $36.25
Since the bond was purchased at a discount (below the face value), the investor will experience a gain of $36.25 when the bond matures.
The total return is the sum of the coupon payments and the gain:
Total Return = Coupon Payments + Gain or Loss
Total Return = $60 + $36.25
Total Return = $96.25
To calculate the rate of return, we divide the total return by the initial investment (purchase price) and express it as a percentage:
Rate of Return = (Total Return / Purchase Price) x 100
Rate of Return = ($96.25 / $963.75) x 100
Rate of Return ≈ 10%
Therefore, the rate of return for the investor who buys the bond at issuance for $963.75 and holds it to maturity is approximately 10%.
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Auditors in the United Kingdom often include disclaimers of liability in their audit reports. According to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, how effective is this approach to limiting civil liabilities?
It limits both civil and criminal liability against auditors of U.S. companies.
It limits who can bring civil action in cases involving the audit of U.S. companies.
It effectively caps the damage awards that will be made in U.S. civil courts.
It will have no effect when included in the financial statements of U.S. companies.
According to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, it limits who can bring civil action in cases involving the audit of U.S. companies.
Disclaimers of liability in audit reports are common in the United Kingdom, but their effectiveness in limiting civil liabilities may vary in different jurisdictions. In the context of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including a disclaimer of liability in an audit report does not limit civil or criminal liability against auditors of U.S. companies. Instead, it primarily limits who can bring civil action in cases related to the audit of U.S. companies.
The inclusion of a disclaimer of liability does not absolve auditors from their professional responsibilities or legal obligations. Auditors are still subject to legal scrutiny and potential liability for any negligence or failure to meet auditing standards. The effectiveness and impact of such disclaimers can depend on specific laws, regulations, and legal precedents in different jurisdictions. Therefore, it is important for auditors to understand the legal implications and requirements of the jurisdictions in which they operate to appropriately manage their liabilities.
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A Moving to another question will save this response. Question 6 Ideally, a project manager should be selected and assigned at which point in the project life cycle?
A. During the project planning process
B. During the initiating processes
C. At the end of the concept phase of the project life cycle
D. Prior to the beginning of the development phase of the project life cycle
E. Windows bui A Moving to another question will save this response.
Ideally, a project manager should be selected and assigned during the initiating processes of the project life cycle.
The project manager plays a critical role in the successful execution of a project, and ideally, they should be selected and assigned during the initiating processes of the project life cycle. Therefore, the correct answer is option B: "During the initiating processes." During the initiating processes, the project is defined, and its feasibility, objectives, and stakeholders are identified. It is at this stage that the project manager can contribute their expertise in project planning and management to ensure a smooth transition from the initial concept to the execution phase.
By selecting and assigning the project manager early on, the project team benefits from their involvement in key decisions and discussions that shape the project's direction. The project manager can collaborate with stakeholders, understand their requirements and expectations, and align them with the project's goals. They can also contribute to the development of the project charter, which outlines the project's scope, objectives, and initial plans. By engaging the project manager during the initiating processes, the project can benefit from their leadership, planning skills, and ability to provide strategic guidance from the beginning. This early involvement sets a strong foundation for effective project management throughout the entire project life cycle, increasing the chances of project success.
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the expected return on tesla stock is 14.50 percent while the expected return on the market is 13.2 percent. the beta of tesla is 1.15. what is the risk-free rate of return?
Beta is the measure of a stock's volatility in relation to the overall market. The expected return on a stock is the rate of return that an investor anticipates earning based on past performance, future projections, and current market trends.
To calculate the risk-free rate of return, we must first understand the relationship between expected returns, beta, and market returns. Then we can apply the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) formula to solve for the risk-free rate of return. Here's how:In this scenario, the expected return on Tesla stock is 14.50%, and the expected return on the market is 13.2%. Tesla's beta is 1.15.The CAPM formula is: E(Ri) = Rf + βi [E(Rm) - Rf]Where,E(Ri) = expected return on investment i Rf = risk-free rate of returnβi = beta of the investmenti E(Rm) = expected return on the market Plug in the given values:14.50% = Rf + 1.15 (13.2% - Rf)Solve for Rf:Rf = 2.88%
Therefore, the risk-free rate of return is 2.88%. The CAPM formula can be used to calculate the expected return of any investment based on its risk (beta) and the market's expected return.
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The polisical business cycle refers to the possibiliry that: А, incumbent politicians will be reelected regardless of the Male ofth. economy. econoery to enhance their chances of being reelected C) recessions b) there is more inflation during Democratie administrations than dring Republican ant 14) To say that The U.S public debt is mostly held intemally" is to say that A) official figures undersitate the size of the public debt debe i B) the public C) the bulk of the public debt is ewned by U.S. citizens and institutions D) only interest payments on the public debt are an economic burden. s equal so the land and building assets owned by the federal government 15 15) Money functions as A) a unit ef account C) a medium ef exchange. B) a store of value. D) all of dhese. 6 16) If you place a part of your summer carmings in a savings accouni, you are using money primarily s B) medium of exchange. D) unit of account A) store ef value C) standard of value 17) 17) Which of the following does not explain what backs the money supply in the United Staties? A) It is backed by gold. B) It is relatively searce. C) It is designated "legal tender" by the federal government D) It is widely accepted in transactions, 1 18) In defining moncy as MI, economists exclude time deposits because: A) the intrinsic value of time deposits is nil. B) they are not directly or immediately a medium of exchange. C) they are not recognized by the foderal government as legal tender. D) the purchasing power of time deposits is mach less stable than that of checkable deposits and curmency 9 19) Other things equal, an excessive increase in the money supply will: A) have no impact on the purchasing power of the dollar. B) increase the purchasing power of each dollar C) reduce the price level. D) decrease the purchasing power of each dollar. 20) 20) Answer the question on the basis of the following table: Year Price Level Value of Dollar $1.00 1.00 1.25 0.80 4 0.50 Refer to the table. The value of the dollar in year 2 is: A) S1.25 B) S0.75 C) $1.33. 21) Which one of the following is true about the U.S. Federal Reserve System? 21) A) The Open Market Committee is smaller in size than the Federal Reserve Board B) There are 14 members of the Federal Reserve Board C) The head of the U.S. Treasury also chairs the Federal Reserve Board D) There are 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks 22) The goldsmith's ability to create money was based on the fact that 22) A) the goldsmith was required to keep 100 percent gold reserves. B) paper money in the form of gold receipts was rarely redeemed for gold. C) withdrawals of gold tended to exceed deposits of gold in any given time period D) consumers and merchants preferred to use gold for transactions,rather than paper moncy.
The political business cycle refers to the possibility that incumbents politicians will use economic policies to enhance their chances of being reelected. The business cycle is a general concept that involves a series of upswings and downturns in an economy, characterized by changes in levels of economic activity such as employment, production, and income.
The political business cycle is a particular type of business cycle that occurs when politicians manipulate economic policies to win reelection. One of the main strategies used in the political business cycle is to increase spending and lower taxes before an election to stimulate the economy, which can improve the chances of reelection by increasing the incumbent's popularity. In contrast, the opposite strategy is often used after an election, with reduced spending and increased taxes. The US public debt is mostly held internally, which means that the bulk of the public debt is owned by US citizens and institutions. This is an important factor in determining the impact of the public debt on the US economy. When the US government issues bonds to finance its activities, it is essentially borrowing money from the public. If the debt were held mainly by foreign governments or investors, the US would be more vulnerable to external pressures, such as changes in interest rates. By contrast, when the debt is mostly held internally, the US has greater control over the interest rates it pays, which can help to minimize the economic burden of the public debt. Money functions as a unit of account, medium of exchange, store of value, and standard of value. A unit of account is a standard measure used to compare the value of different goods and services, such as dollars. A medium of exchange is something that is widely accepted as payment for goods and services, such as currency. A store of value is something that retains its value over time, such as gold. A standard of value is a fixed measure of value used to set prices, such as the gold standard.
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