Commensalism relationship is shown between cattle egret and cattle.
Usually cattle egrets follow herds of large hoofed mammals such as cattle, buffalo. They eat the insects that have been stirred up by the buffalo as they move. This relationship is commensalism, because the birds benefit but the ungulate is neither harmed nor helped.
The cattle egret and grazing cattle in a close association is a classic example of commensalism. It is a common sight in rural areas where one can see ticks hovering over the cattle. They feed on cattle's blood and hence are harmful to them as they can transmit several diseases. The cattle egret and grazing cattle in a close association is a classic example of commensalism. It is a common sight in rural areas where one can see ticks hovering over the cattle. They feed on cattle's blood and hence are harmful to them as they can transmit several diseases.
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All of the individuals of the same species living within a specified area is known as a?
The group of individuals belonging to the same species living within a specified area is known as a population.
What is meant by population?A group of individuals of the same species who interbreed and live in a particular area is called a population. The individual members of the population live on the same resources and experience the same kind of environment.
The members of a population always rely on each other for their survival. In fact, the study of a population is dependent on the study of interactions between the members of the population and also the interactions of the members with their environment.
Demographic parameters are statistical tools for objectively studying populations. The branch of science where these parameters are studied is called demography. Demography is also defined as the study of population characteristics.
Therefore, the individuals of the same species living within a specified area are known as population.
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The hindbrain of the embryo develops into the pons, the medulla oblongata, part of the spinal cord, and what other structure?
The hindbrain of the embryo develops into the pons, the medulla oblongata of the spinal cord and the cerebellum.
What is the cerebellum?The cerebellum is a prominent part of the hindbrain and is located just above the brainstem. The cerebellum controls all the voluntary movements of the body and is also responsible for maintaining balance and posture.
The cerebellum is said to make up for 10% of the brain's volume but has more than 50% of the brain's total neurons.
The cerebellum is made up of two parts; a cerebral cortex, a layer made of folded tissue which contains most of the neurons and cerebral nuclei, an inner part which contains the neurons responsible for communication.
Therefore, the hindbrain develops into the pons, medulla oblongata and cerebellum.
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The mixed cranial nerve that projects to and from internal organs, muscles, and glands is the ________ nerve.
The mixed cranial nerve that projects to and from internal organs, muscles, and glands is the vagus nerve.
The longest and most intricate of the cranial nerves is the vagus nerve, commonly known as the X or 10th cranial nerve. The vagus nerve travels from the brain to the belly through the face and thorax. The nerve is mixed and has parasympathetic fibres.
Because it has both afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) fibres, the vagus nerve is a mixed nerve. This means that in addition to sending motor impulses to the organs it innervates, it is also in charge of returning sensory data from these organs to the brain.
Therefore, The mixed cranial nerve that projects to and from internal organs, muscles, and glands is the vagus nerve.
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Explain how hormones, nervous system stimulation, and the volume, chemical composition, and osmolarity of the chyme affect motility in both the stomach and the duodenum.
Hormones control the different digestive enzymes that are secreted in the stomach and the intestine during the process of digestion and absorption.
Hormones, nervous system stimulation:
The medulla and the vagus nerve both play a role in receptive relaxation, which is when the smooth muscles of the stomach's body and fundus relax to allow the stomach to fill. The strength of the peristaltic waves that stir the chyme is controlled by the vagus nerve and the release of a few hormones (serotonin in the stomach and intestinal gastrin in the duodenum).
Due to a negative feedback loop that slows gastric emptying, motility is slowed when the sensory receptors in the wall of the duodenum detect a high degree of stretch, a low pH, a high lipid content, or a high solute concentration in the chyme. The vagus nerve and the duodenum-secreted hormones secretin, cholecystokinin, and gastric inhibitory peptide mediate this loop.
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What is the magnitude (amplitude) of an action potential?
a. 30 mv
b. 70 mv
c. 100 mv
What is the purpose of the G1 and G2 phases?
A. To grow a second cytoplasm before division.
B. They are growth phases to make the cell large enough to divide.
C. To make a copy of the cell's DNA.
D. They are growth phase to make the cell large enough to fight off infection.
Answer:
B.) They are growth phases to make the cell large enough to divide.
Explanation:
In G1, the cell grows in volume and number of organelles. After the DNA has replicated in the S phase, the cell continues to grow in G2. As such, the primary purpose of G1 and G2 is to prepare the cell for replication (division).
They are growth phases to make the cell large enough to divide. Therefore option B is correct.
The G1 (Gap 1) and G2 (Gap 2) phases are critical stages in the cell cycle. During G1, the cell grows and performs its normal functions, while in G2, it prepares for cell division.
The main purpose of these phases is to increase the cell's size and accumulate the necessary organelles and materials for successful cell division.
In G1, the cell ensures it has sufficient resources and energy before proceeding to the next phase, S (Synthesis), where it replicates its DNA.
After G2, the cell enters the final phase, M (Mitosis), where it divides into two daughter cells, each with a complete set of DNA and organelles.
Therefore option B They are growth phases to make the cell large enough to divide is correct.
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Conduction of sound from the middle ear to the internal ear occurs via vibration of the?
Conduction of sound from the middle ear to the internal ear occurs via vibration of the Stapes.
Stapes is bone present in the middle ear which is stirrup in shape.
It helps in the transmission of vibrations from the incus of middle ear to the inner ear.
It is the smallest bone in the human body that is present in the middle ear after incus.
It is connected to oval window of the inner ear.
Stapes is less than 3mm in length.
Structure of stapes:
Inferior crusSuperior crusThey help in sending vibrations to the bone.
Malleus, Incus and stapes make up a chain of three bones present in middle ear called Ossicles.
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Ion exchange molecules in the plasma membrane of the parietal cells exchange __________ ions going out for __________ ions coming in.
Ion exchange molecules in the plasma membrane of the parietal cells exchange "bicarbonate ions" ions going out for "chloride" ions coming in.
What is plasma membrane?The semi-fluid living substance known as protoplasm, also known as plasm, is found inside each cell. This biological membrane, known as the plasma membran, houses the living material or plasma.
The plasma membrane is made up of lipids and proteins, just like every other cellular membrane. The phospholipid bilayer, which creates a permanent separation between two aqueous compartments, is the membrane's basic structural component. These divisions are the inside and exterior of the cell in the situation of the plasma membrane. The particular tasks of the plasma membrane, such as the selective transport of chemicals and cell-cell recognition, are carried out by proteins embedded inside the phospholipid bilayer.It supports the body's pH balance, blood volume, blood pressure, immunity, and blood coagulation.To know more about plasma membrane, here
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What is one of the documented health hazards from chronic use of anabolic steroids that develops?
One of the documented health hazards from chronic use of anabolic steroids is the development of liver tumors.
Anabolic steroids are the synthetic substances which resemble the male sex hormone, testosterone.
Health care experts use anabolic steroids to treat some hormone problems in men such as delayed puberty as well as muscle loss (resulting from some diseases). However, some people misuse anabolic steroids.
Chronic use of anabolic steroids, has been linked to many health-related issues such as acne, hampered growth in teenagers, high blood pressure or hypertension, fluctuations in cholesterol levels, cardiac problems like heart attack, liver disease including cancer, kidney damage as well as aggressive behavior.
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The enzyme produced in the kidneys that may play a role in essential hypertension by promoting vasoconstriction is called ___________.
Answer:
the answer is Renin
Explanation:
The enzyme produced in the kidneys that may play a role in essential hypertension by promoting vasoconstriction is called renin.
Renin is an enzyme released by specialized cells in the kidneys called juxtaglomerular cells. It plays a critical role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance.
It acts on a protein called angiotensinogen, which is produced by the liver and released into the bloodstream. Renin cleaves angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is then converted to angiotensin II by the action of the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor.
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Does the Youth Service Project, or a Civic Organisation, or Community Service Centre help the community?yes\no collaborate
The answer to the question of whether the Youth Service Project, or a Civic Organisation, or Community Service Centre help the community is: Yes, they do help the community.
These are all parts of national integration and community building and development as young citizens are sent to different parts of a nation for a period of time to acclimatize with a different culture
What is a Youth Service Project?This is a national building and integration project that is used to help the community through Community Development Services.
These services can include, but are not limited to:
youth programs, battered women's centers, alcohol and drug rehabilitation centers, etcThese Community Development Services are important in national building efforts as people are rehabilitated into society and basic amenities are provided.
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The autoimmune disease in which there is rapid reproduction of skin cells resulting in patches of scaly, thick skin is:__________
The autoimmune disease in which there is rapid reproduction of skin cells resulting in patches of scaly, thick skin is Psoriasis.
Psoriasis is a frequent, chronic condition that has no cure, since it's an autoimmune. The illness frequently goes through cycles where it will flare up for a few weeks or months before decreasing. Infections, cuts, burns, and specific drugs are common psoriasis triggers in persons with a hereditary predisposition to the condition.
There are several types of psoriasis, each of which varies in its signs and symptoms:
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Sometimes debris, submerged trees, or fences can become hazards for those engaged in water rescues. These hazards are called?
Sometimes debris, submerged trees, or fences can become hazards for those engaged in water rescues. These hazards are called strainers.
A strainer can be any object which allows the water to pass through but obstructs the passage of a person. Examples of strainers include cars, trees, man-made barricades and debris.
Strainers are life-threatening obstacles which should be avoided while a person is in water. A strainer can trap a person very easily. It does not require much current to grab and submerge a swimmer.
If a person is on a boat or craft approaching a strainer, the best way to cope is to try to get to shore above it and navigate around the obstacle. However, a swimmer should aggressively work to swim around the strainer.
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The protein gp120, involved in binding to the cell surface of host cells, is a glycoprotein. This means that is linked to what nonproteinaceous molecule?.
The protein gp120, involved in binding to the cell surface of host cells, is a glycoprotein. This means that is linked to what non-proteinaceous molecule an oligosaccharide
Definition and Classification of Oligosaccharides :
Oligosaccharides are carbohydrate chains containing 3–10 sugar units. However, carbohydrates with up to 20 residues or even disaccharides. Oligosaccharides can be made of any sugar monomers, but most research has been carried out on fructooligosaccharides (e.g., oligofructose) and galactooligosaccharides (e.g., raffinose, human milk oligosaccharides). Few oligosaccharides are hydrolyzed and absorbed in the small intestine (e.g., maltotriose), but nearly all enter the colon intact (nondigestible oligosaccharides).
What are non - proteinaceous molecules ?
Amino acids are classified as non-protein when they are not part of the 22 such molecules that are translated into proteins by the standard genetic code. They are found in nature, both in biology and extraterrestrial chemistry.
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Photosynthesis and respiration include many ______ reactions, in which one compound loses one or more electrons and another gains it/them.
Photosynthesis and respiration include many Redox reactions, in which one compound loses one or more electrons and another gains it/them.
Photosynthesis is conversion of light energy into chemical energy. The electron transfer is a light driven and it is a redox reaction since it involves a path of chain of reactions involving electron transfer.
It uses energy to reduce CO₂ And to form glucose. When water molecules split, then sugar is formed due to the transfer of electrons from water to carbon dioxide i.e. electron lost by a compound is gained by other. It is an important phenomenon for the survival of life on the earth.
Respiration is also a redox reaction involving oxidation- reduction of a set of metabolic reactions. There lies a gain and loss of electrons simultaneously.
Glycolysis involved in Respiration is a ten-step process of Redox reactions that converts Glucose into Pyruvic acid. Also, Two NAD+ are reduced to become NADH.
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Plasma contains more sodium than chloride. How can this be if individual ions of sodium and chloride exactly balance each other out, and plasma is electrically neutral?.
In addition to chloride, there are other negatively charged molecules in plasma. The extra sodium restores the balance of the overall negative charges.
So this is how plasma is electrically neutral.
The makeup of bodily fluids:High levels of sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, and protein can be found in the plasma. High levels of salt, chloride, and bicarbonate but a relatively low level of protein can be found in the IF. The ICF, on the other hand, contains higher levels of protein, phosphate, magnesium, and potassium.What occurs when the plasma Na+ content rises?Although the plasma sodium concentration does not provide any information regarding the volume of extracellular fluid, it does allow for an assumption regarding intracellular volume. A rise in plasma sodium (plasma osmolality) causes water to be drawn out of the cell, which causes the intracellular volume to decrease.Why does plasma have a higher sodium content than chloride?In plasma, sodium predominates over chloride. In addition to chloride, there are other negatively charged molecules in plasma. The extra sodium restores the balance of the overall negative charges.To learn more about plasma charge visit:
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What percent of blood from digestion passes through the liver before returning to the heart?
100% of the blood from digestion passes through the liver before returning to the heart.
The hepatic portal system is the venous system that returns blood from the digestive tract and spleen to the liver. The raw nutrients in the blood are processed in the liver before the blood returns to the heart.
The hepatic portal vein supplies 75% of the blood to the liver, while the hepatic arteries supply the remaining 25%.
In the liver, carbohydrates and amino acids can be stored or used to synthesize new proteins and carbohydrates.
The liver also extracts vitamins and cofactors from the blood for storage, as well as filters any toxins that may have been absorbed along with the food.
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Plant domestication occurred in north america by 10,000 years ago and included important cereal grains such as wheat, barley, and oats
a. True
b. False
The given statement is false that Plant domestication occurred in north america by 10,000 years ago and included important cereal grains such as wheat, barley, and oats.
The process of modifying wild plants and animals for human use is known as domestication. Between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia, people first tamed plants some 10,000 years ago (which includes the modern countries of Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Syria).
In Mesopotamia, wheat, barley, lentils, and many kinds of peas were among the first domesticated plants. The development of agriculture and more durable civilizations began with the domestication of plants, which was a significant turning point for human history. It was no longer necessary for humans to go in search of game and plants to harvest for food.
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If methylene blue dye is added to a suspension of yeast cells, any living cells
remain colourless. However, any dead cells are stained blue. This fact was
used to carry out an investigation into the rate at which yeast cells were killed
at two different temperatures (at high temperatures the yeast enzymes will be
denatured)
The correct option is that the higher the temperature of Y the more colorless cells it contains and is denoted as option B.
What is Temperature?This us defined as the degree of hotness or coldness of a body and is dependent on thermal energy.
High temperature will denature yeast as a result of its rich protein content and increasing the temperature will therefore leads to the presence of more colorless cells in Y which are able to act on it.
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What are the peak months for nitrate-nitrogen discharge from the mississippi river into the gulf? why do you think this is?
April, May and June are the peak months for nitrate-nitrogen discharge from the mississippi river into the gulf.
At the study sites, the spring (April, May, and June) FN nitrate-nitrogen flow typically comprised 40 and 50 per cent of the total annual FN nitrate-nitrogen flux. Using a new statistical technique, the Conservation Effects Assessment Project considers how nitrate-nitrogen behaviour changes over time. And generates flow-normalized estimates of nitrate concentration and flux unaffected by random variations in streamflow, changes in nitrate concentration and flux between 1980 and 2008 at eight sites in the Mississippi River basin were calculated.
These modifications might have negated the gains made by implementing conservation policies. Although nitrate -nitrogen concentration and flow increases may have been more significant without these strategies, conservation practices may still have had a favourable impact.
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What mechanism of evolution would tend to favor adaptations that reduce competition between species living in the same place?.
Natural selection mechanism of evolution would tend to favor adaptations that reduce competition between species living in the same place.
According to the theory of natural selection, features that may be passed down enable animals to adapt to their environment more effectively than other members of their own species. As a result, the species evolves because it can survive and reproduce better than other members of the species. One of the mechanisms or causes of evolution is natural selection. Physical or behavioral characteristics that help an organism fit in with its surroundings are called adaptations. Random mutations result in heritable variation.Natural selection may result in speciation, the process by which one species gives rise to another that is utterly separate. It is one of the mechanisms that propels evolution and contributes to the understanding of the variety of life on Earth.learn more about Natural selection here: https://brainly.com/question/524043
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Kylee has a rare neurological problem in which some of her neurons are dying and others cannot organize information from various neurons. this disease may be affecting the _____ of kylee's neurons
Kylee has a rare neurological problem in which some of her neurons are dying and others cannot organize information from various neurons. this disease may be affecting the cell body of Kylee's neurons.
The cell body, also referred to as a soma, is the central portion of a neuron. The cell body preserves the structural integrity of the neuron, houses the genetic material, and supplies energy to power operations. Like other cell bodies, a neuron's cell body contains a nucleus and specialized organelles. A damaged neuron can prevent impulses from reaching and leaving the brain, impairing muscle function or producing numbness in the area that was harmed. Peripheral nerves, the spinal cord, and the brain can all be affected by nerve injury.The creation of neurotransmitters, which is the most crucial step in the chemical processing of the neuron, is supported by the cell body.Hence when cell body of neurons is affected by a disease, neurons begin to die and get unorganized due to lack of neurotransmitters.learn more about Cell body here: https://brainly.com/question/13920046
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When protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are metabolized and:______.
When protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are metabolized and stored fats.
What are proteins?Proteins can simply be defined as those itrogenous organic substances which have large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids
It is one of the major classes of food or source of food energy (4 kcal/gram) abundant in animal-derived foods (ie: meat) and some vegetables, such as legumes.
So therefore, when protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are metabolized and stores as fats
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___ phase precedes G2 phase.
Disease that is characterized as having lack of energy and protein is called?
Answer:
Sounds closest to: Kwashiorkor
Explanation:
Kwashiorkor is a disease brought on by severe protein malnourishment. In Kwashiorkor, extended breastfeeding and late, insufficient weaning lead to low calorie intakes but significantly superior biological value. As a result, a kid with kwashiorkor will likely experience compromised organ function and development. Sudden outbreaks of diseases like the measles, gastroenteritis, or pneumonia exacerbate the issue by increasing needs while maintaining low intakes. The kid may exhibit oedema of the face and lower limbs, failure to grow, anorexia, diarrhea, lethargy, dermatosis, flaky-looking skin, scant, soft, and thin hair, angular stomatitis, cheilosis, and anemia as a result of this scenario.
This is a bit similar to Marasmus.
But there is a difference.
But ⇒ how does kwashiorkor and marasmus differ?
Kwashiorkor is predominantly a protein shortage, despite adequate calorie intake. When a youngster is weaned off of protein-rich breast milk, it frequently happens. The patient will show signs of oedema, an enlarged abdomen, and other conditions.
Marasmus is a total energy shortage that causes a body weight that is at least 60% below normal. The victim will only be malnourished.
The anterior pituitary gland is controlled by regulatory hormones secreted by the ______.
Answer:
The anterior pituitary gland is controlled by regulatory hormones secreted by the neurosecretory cells present in the hypothalamus.
Hich physiologic change increases cardiac work but does not enhance cardiac output?
Increased afterload physiologic change increases cardiac work but does not enhance cardiac output.
What about cardiovascular system?Heart and blood vessels, which make up your cardiovascular system, deliver oxygen and nutrition to your body's organs so they can function. Blood vessels also transport waste such as carbon dioxide to be disposed.Conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels are collectively referred to as cardiovascular disease. It is frequently associated with atherosclerosis, an accumulation of fatty deposits in the arteries that increases the risk of blood clots.The heart, blood arteries, and blood make up the cardiovascular system. Its main job is to carry deoxygenated blood back to the lungs and to carry nutrients and oxygen-rich blood to all regions of the body.The most typical cause of coronary artery disease is atherosclerosis, which is a buildup of fatty plaques in your arteries. Atherosclerosis can be brought on by unhealthy lifestyle choices such smoking, being overweight, not exercising, and eating poorly.Learn more about cardiovascular system here:
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Describe laboratory tests, clinical procedures, and abbreviations related to endocrinology.
Laboratory tests and clinical procedures include:
The blood glucose test and the glycosylated hemoglobin test are tests to identify diabetes and prediabetes (A1c).A glucose tolerance test may be administered to you if you're expecting to check for gestational diabetes.Your thyroid's functionality can be determined by a number of tests, chief among them a TSH measurement.Other examinations can evaluate parathyroid problems.Female hormonal problems can be identified with the aid of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) blood tests.Male hormonal problems can be discovered with tests for total testosterone.Other blood tests measure hormone levels that have an impact on numerous systems, including cortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, DHEA-sulfate, ACTH, aldosterone, vitamin D, PTH, prolactin, and other estrogen analogues.Thyroglobulin (Tg) tests can be used to track thyroid malignancy.What is Endocrinology?•Endocrinology is the study of endocrine glands.
•Endocrine glands are a group of glands in the body which secrete hormones.
•The purpose of the secreted hormones is to evoke a specific response in other cells of the body which are located far away.
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If cardiac muscle cells were prevented from undergoing aerobic metabolism, they ultimately would ________.
Answer:
If cardiac muscle cells were prevented from undergoing aerobic metabolism, they ultimately would stop contracting.
9.Unicellular algae live in the tissues of coral animals. The algae provide food for the coral, while the coral provides a stable home for the algae. This is an example of
