The endergonic reactions of the cell are proceeded by their coupling with the ATP hydrolysis.
Endergonic means the reactions that requires the input of energy for them to proceed. In these reactions, the free energy is positive. Thus, the Gibb's free energy is said to be positive. Most of the reactions inside the living organisms is endergonic, for example photosynthesis.
ATP hydrolysis is the break down of the phosphate group attached by phospho-anhydride bonds from the triphosphates of adenosine. This breakdown releases very high amounts of energy which can be used to drive some other processes of the living organisms.
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How is it possible for cancer to spread from one location to another? In this case,
the cancer spread from the breast tissue to the lymph nodes.
Answer:
Cancer cells break away from where they first formed, travel through the blood or lymph system, and form new tumors in other parts of the body. This process is called Metastasis
Explanation:
hope this helps
protozoal (parasitic) infection associated with aids that may cause pneumonitis, hepatitis, and encephalitis: a.kaposi sarcoma b.toxoplasmosis c.pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly carinii) pneumonia d.cryptococcus e.herpes simplex
protozoal (parasitic) infection associated with aids that may cause pneumonitis, hepatitis, and encephalitis: b.toxoplasmosis
What causes pneumonia most frequently in AIDS patients?One of the most frequent and potentially fatal causes of pneumonia in patients with HIV is an infection with the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, often known as Pneumococcus. For protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, people with HIV should receive a vaccination.
Immune system dysfunction is the primary cause of fungus infection (either local immunity over the skin or mucous membranes or systemic immunity as seen in the case of certain conditions such as diabetes ).
The most frequent cause of encephalitis is the herpes simplex virus, which also causes cold sores, varicella zoster virus, which causes chickenpox and shingles, measles, mumps, and rubella viruses, and encephalitis.
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why are humans less genetically variable than other organisms despite the fact that we range all over the world?
The human species has experienced a quick increase in size which leads to less genetic variability in humans as compared to another organism.
Native populations' genetic variety declines when they migrate further away from Africa, and bottlenecks during migration, which are situations where population size is momentarily reduced, are assumed to be the cause of this.
Evolutionary geneticists have now demonstrated that during two severe bottlenecks that occurred between 60,000 and 50,000 years ago as modern humans left Africa, a significant portion of our ancestors' genetic variation was lost.
The presence of more than two homologous chromosomes, polyploidy, population migration, homologous recombination or crossing over during meiosis, and mutations are a few potential causes of genetic variability in the population.
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How can you use the different states of matter to your advantage when designing a device that lifts a car? What different solids, liquids,and gas might you use in your design?
Answer:
Explanation:
the key difference between solids, liquids, and gas is that solids have a definite shape, liquids have a definite volume but no fixed shape, and gases have neither a definite shape nor volume. Article Sources Author
Anything that has mass is made up of matter – an all-encompassing word for atoms and molecules that make up our physical world. We describe this matter as existing in states (sometimes referred to as phases). Most people are familiar with three states of matter – solids, liquids and gases – but there are two more that are less commonly known but just as important – plasmas and Bose-Einstein condensates.
Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC)
To understand a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), you must first know a bit about temperature.
There is a temperature at which molecular motion (therefore everything) stops, this is called absolute zero (0K or around -273°C). Just a fraction above this temperature – and only for some elements – a BEC occurs. The atoms start behaving like little waves and start overlapping one another until they eventually act like one wave and essentially become a superatom. They are not bonded or mixed – they have become indistinguishable from one another, having the same qualities and existing in the same place.
Daniel Kleppner from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a great description. He says the “particles have lost their identity – they all think they are everywhere”. One atom can’t tell itself from another.
Changing states
It is important to understand that matter exists in all states and that matter can also change states. It does this by either using or releasing energy, and it is usually associated with changes in temperature and pressure.
A simple example is water. If you have a block of ice, you have solid water. Add heat (a form of energy) and the ice melts into liquid water that you could drink (it has reached its melting point). Continue to apply heat, and the water will evaporate and turn into steam, which is water in a gaseous state (it has reached boiling point). This works backwards, too. Gas can cool down (by losing energy) and condense back into liquid water and cool down further into a solid. There is even a process called sublimation where a solid can turn straight into a gas when heat is applied.
Gas can also change state to a plasma or BEC:
In plasma TVs, little pockets of gas are excited with electricity disrupting the normal balance of atoms so there are lots of free ions and electrons, turning them into plasma, which creates a light.
If you super cool gas, you get a BEC superatom wave. Warm it up, and the wave will return to a gas.
the cells that attack damaged arteries causing inflammation and decreased blood flow are? group of answer choices beta cells chief cells parietal cells foam cells
The correct answer is option D.
The cells that attack damaged arteries causing inflammation and decreased blood flow are foam cells.
What are foam cells?
In general, foam cells are also known as macrophages or fatty streaks.
These cells consists of lipids that are eaten by macrophages or white blood cells.
When an invader enters into body, macrophages surround them and engulf them. In this way, these cells are consuming cholesterol which accumulates over time and block the arteries.
to put it simply, foam cells are fluffy macrophages filled with cholesterol. These cells create hindrance in blood flow and cause inflammation in arteries.
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Which phrase best describes the purpose of mitosis?
Which term applies to an individual who possesses two recessive alleles for the same trait? Choose the correct answer.
mutated
O haploid for the trait
O homozygous for the trait
heterozygous for the trait
The term applies to an individual who possesses two recessive alleles for the same trait and is homozygous for the trait. Option B.
The genotype is formed by the combination of alleles that an organism has. If the paired alleles are the same, the organism's genotype is said to be homozygous for that trait, and if they differ the organism's genotype is said to be heterozygous. Homozygosity also refers to a genotype consisting of two identical alleles of a gene for a particular trait. An individual can be homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive.
In complete dominance, only one allele of the genotype is present in the phenotype. In codominant cases, both alleles of a genotype are present in the phenotype. In the case of imperfect dominance, the phenotype shows a mixture of genotypic alleles. Homozygous and heterozygous are terms used to describe a pair of alleles. Individuals who have two identical alleles are said to be homozygous. Individual organisms with different alleles are said to be heterozygous.
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The ______ of a synovial joint encloses the joint and prevents bone ends from being pulled apart.
The Joint capsule of a synovial joint encloses the joint and prevents bone ends from being pulled apart.
The joints of the limbs and other bones that rub up against one another are examples of synovial joints (e.g. shoulder, hip, elbow and knee). It has a fluid-filled joint cavity as a defining characteristic.
The ends of the bones are covered in slick cartilage in a synovial joint. A synovial membrane-lined joint capsule that produces synovial fluid surrounds and protects the two of them. The fluid, muscles, and connective tissues are shielded by the capsule.
The synovial joint's interior is enclosed by the joint capsule, which resembles a sac-like membrane. The bone ends of each involved bone have specific attachment zones where the joint capsule, which is a dense fibrous connective tissue, is attached.
Hence when the bone is pulled apart this joint capsule protects the joint.
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the hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) form bushy structures after making contact with the plasma membrane of a root cell. what is the function of these structures?
Answer:
hey INCREASE the surface area available for the transfer nutrients
Explanation:
you look at a blood cell and see that it has no nucleus; instead it has irregularly shaped fragments inside of it. what kind of cell it is?
You look at a blood cell and see that it has no nucleus; instead it has irregularly shaped fragments inside of it which means that the kind of cell is a platelet.
What is Platelet?This is referred to as a tissue which forms part of the blood and it is responsible in the formation of clots which helps to to stop bleeding.
Platelets can only be seen under microscope as a result of it very small shape. It has no nucleus; instead it has irregularly shaped fragments inside of it which is therefore the reason why platelet was chosen as the correct choice.
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a trna molecule with anticodon cag carries the amino acid phenylalanine. which codon of mrna will the trna join?
Using theories of codon, we got UUU,UUC a trna molecule with anticodn cag which carries the amino acid phenylalanine and is a codon of mrna which join the trna.
A codon is a DNA or RNA sequence of the three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) that forms a unit of the genetic information encoding a particular amino acid. An anticodon is the trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, which is actually complementary to a corresponding codon in the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence. Each time an amino acid is actually added to a growing polypeptide during the protein synthesis, a tRNA anticodon pairs with its complementary codon on mRNA molecule, ensuring that the appropriate amino acid is inserted into polypeptide.
Hence, a trna molecule with anticodon cag carries the amino acid phenylalanine. UUU,UUC codon of mrna will the trna join.
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Compared to human cells, there are about _______ bacterial and archaeal cells inhabiting our bodies.
Answer:
Compared to human cells, there are about _ 10 to 100 times as many______ bacterial and archaeal cells inhabiting our bodies.
Explanation:
Hope this helps! Have a nice day^^
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in the control sample histogram, does the population of cells in the s phase show a distinct peak? why or why not?
No, As the S phase develops, the amount of DNA in each cell varies, giving the S phase cells a variety.
What about histogram?A histogram is a graphic representation of data that uses bars of various heights.A histogram's bars divide numbers into ranges.More data falls inside that range, as shown by taller bars.The form and distribution of continuous sample data are shown in a histogram. It is used to display summaries of discrete or continuous data that have been interval-scaled. It is frequently used to conveniently depict the main characteristics of the data distribution. While bar charts show categorical variables, histograms show quantitative or numerical data. The majority of the time, a histogram's numerical data will be continuous (having infinite values).It would be impossible to show every potential value of a continuous variable along an axis. A collection of rectangles with bases and the spaces between class boundaries can be referred to as a histogram. Each rectangular bar represents some type of data, and every rectangle is next to another. Rectangle heights are inversely correlated with matching frequencies for both similar and dissimilar groups. Large amounts of data as well as the frequency of the data values can be seen in histograms. A histogram can be used to find the data's median and distribution. It might also highlight any anomalies.Learn more about histogram here:
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in the mystery urinalysis lab, which suspect's microscopic evaluation indicated calcium oxalate crystals?
In the mystery urinalysis lab, Brad suspect's microscopic evaluation indicated calcium oxalate crystals.
What do you mean by urinalysis?A urine test is known as a urinalysis. It is used to identify and treat a variety of illnesses, including diabetes, renal disease, and urogenital infections. A urinalysis involves examining the color, consistency, and composition of urine.
What is microscopic evaluation?The first identification of herbs, the identification of minute fragments of crude or powdered herbs, the detection of adulterants (such as insects, animal feces, mold, fungi, etc.), and the identification of the plant by distinctive tissue features all require microscopic analysis. Every plant has a unique tissue structure, which can be seen by examining how the tissues are arranged and how the cell walls and configuration are when the plant is appropriately mounted in stains, reagents, and media. With a drop of phloroglucinol and strong hydrochloric acid, lignin stains crimson or pink. Starch and hemicellulose are dyed blue by N/50 iodine solution, while mucilage is stained pink by ruthenium red. In-depth research has been done on the distinguishing characteristics of cell walls, cell contents, starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals, trichomes, fibers, vessels, etc.
Thus from above conclusion we can say that in the mystery urinalysis lab, Brad suspect's microscopic evaluation indicated calcium oxalate crystals.
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23) The limit of change resulted from the regeneration process is very clear in …..
Crabs
Planaria
Humans
Frogs
The limit of change resulted from the regeneration process is very clear in option B: Planaria
Has Planaria the ability to regenerate?Most fishes and salamanders have limited limb regeneration, while larval frogs and toads have tail regeneration (but not adults). After being amputated, a salamander's or a triton's entire limb will continue to develop.
Therefore, Planarians are flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes) that live in freshwater bodies, and their capacity for regeneration has long been known (Pallas, 1766; Dalyell, 1814). In a procedure that takes days to weeks, planarians can regenerate new heads, tails, sides, or even complete organisms from tiny body parts.
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when an ion channel opens in a sarcolemma, ions flow across the membrane, altering the potential. these cells are said to be . the pump mechanism that maintains the resting membrane potential is an example of . a cell membrane is when there is a higher concentration of cations on one side and a higher concentration of on the other. the difference in charge created by the ecf ions and the icf ions is called the . membrane potential is measured in
Ions are compelled to migrate passively in one direction by the potential gradient of the membrane potential.
What is the mechanism of membrane potential?
Positive ions are drawn to the negative side of the membrane, while negative ions are drawn to the positive side, creating a potential gradient known as membrane potential that compels ions to passively migrate in one way.
When an ion channel opens in a sarcolemma, ions flow across the membrane, altering the potential. these cells are said to be Electrically excitablethe pump mechanism that maintains the resting membrane potential is an example of Active transportWhen there are more cations on one side of the cell membrane and more anions on the other, the membrane is polarized. Typically, the outside of a neuron has a higher concentration of cations than the inner does, and vice versa.The difference in charge created by the ECF ions and the ICF ions is called the membrane potentialmembrane potential is measured in microvolts.Hence, membrane potential is a voltage or electrical charge across the plasma membrane
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during cellular respiration the energy in glucose is used to manufacture glucose. is released all at once. is stored and carried by electrons. becomes stored in molecules of water.
During cellular respiration the energy in glucose is stored and carried by electrons
What is Cellular respiration ?A glucose molecule gradually degrades into water and carbon dioxide during cellular respiration. During the process of transforming glucose, some ATP is created immediately. However, oxidative phosphorylation, a process, results in the production of significantly more ATP.
In order to get chemical energy for cellular processes, organisms require oxygen to break down food molecules during cellular respiration. In addition to algae and other protists, cellular respiration also occurs in the cells of animals, plants, and fungus.The activity is known as "cellular respiration" because the cell seems to "respire" by consuming molecular oxygen (as an electron acceptor) and exhaling carbon dioxide (as an end product).Learn more about Cellular respiration here:
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if you were told that you would get extra credit for finding a model showing chromosomes separating while sister chromatids were still attached, you would look for a model of
A representation that is showing chromosomes separating while sister chromatids were still attached refers to a model of Anaphase I.
What is Anaphase I in the cell division cycle?Anaphase I in the cell division cycle refers to the stage of meiosis in which sister chromatids are still attached and homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles of the parental cell.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that Anaphase I is one of the latter stages of first round of the meiotic cell division cycle which separates homologous chromosomes.
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would a chimeric translation system with e coli ribosome small subunit and yeast ribosome large subunit be able to function for protein synthesis? why or why not?
Most ribosomal protein (r-protein) synthesis in Escherichia coli is coordinated with rRNA synthesis via a translational feedback mechanism: when r-protein levels exceed rRNA levels, particular r-proteins bind to their own mRNAs and prevent operon expression.
How does translation bring the ribosome's large and small subunits together?Ribosomal subunits form a sandwich-like structure on the strand of mRNA during translation, where they then draw in tRNA molecules bound to amino acids. The ribosome converts the decoded mRNA sequence into a polypeptide, or new protein, which is composed of a lengthy chain of amino acids.
Which protein in E. coli triggers transcription?More than a hundred genes in Escherichia coli are controlled by the flexible transcriptional regulator known as the cAMP receptor protein, also referred to as the catabolite activator protein.
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What steps does the cell take to speed up the rate of DNA replication?
which of the following courses would be most closely related to a career as a rangeland management specialist? diversity of life diversity of life exotic species exotic species overhunting and its effects on the ecosystem overhunting and its effects on the ecosystem land restoration management
The following courses would be most closely related to a career as a rangeland management specialist in land restoration management. Option D.
Land remediation may include the process of cleaning and remediation of sites suffering from ongoing environmental degradation. B. Caused by natural causes and human activities to restore the area to its natural state as a habitat for wildlife and balanced habitats.
Land restoration is the ecological process of restoring natural and safe landscapes for humans wildlife and plant communities. This process paves the way for protecting ecosystems generating economic development preventing natural disasters such as floods and increasing soil productivity and food supply. The aim is to identify land-use combinations that can best meet stakeholder needs while securing future resources in a given landscape.
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in poodles, black fur is dominant to white fur. a black poodle is crossed with a white poodle. in a litter of four, all of the puppies are black. what is the best conclusion? group of answer choices
The most appropriate conclusion is that the black poodle is most likely homozygous. two identical alleles present at a specific gene location.
What does a homozygous example entail?If you have two identical copies of a gene, you are said to be homozygous for that gene. It is the opposite of such a heterozygous genotype, in which the alleles are distinct. People with recessive features, such as red hair or blue eyes, are always homozygous for the that gene.
What is homozygous? imageThe chromosomes in humans are divided into two groups. Allele pairings are referred to either homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous people are those who have two copies of the same allele (RR or rr). While heterozygous refers to a particular organism with multiple alleles (Rr).
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What device can be used to make measurements globally? a. rain gauge b. buoy c. satellite d. thermometer please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
The correct answer for the multiple choice question above is D. Or thermometer.
What is type of thermometer ?Thermometer is a device which used for measuring temperature in almost all countries. Because it have an agreed standards in international standards.Thermometer itself is a tool used to determine the amount of temperature. Thermometers themselves have various types according to their function.Some types of thermometers that we often encounter in everyday life are thermometers measuring body heat or also called clinical thermometers, laboratory thermometers which are used to measure temperatures related to research conducted in the laboratory, and the last is a bimetallic thermometers, which is a thermometer used to determine the difference in volume or expansion between two types of metal.Learn more about types of thermometers here: brainly.com/question/22047357
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5. At one time, interphase was referred to as the
resting phase of the cell cycle. Why do you think
this description is no longer used?
Answer:
ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
Explanation:
Which objective lens should you start with when attempting to locate something under the microscope?.
When attempting to locate something under the microscope, the objective lens that should be started with is 4X.
Objective lens are the one that are placed closest to the specimen when observing under the microscope. Their function is to gather light from the specimen and focus it towards a different type of lens called the ocular lens.
4X is the lowest magnification of the objective lenses. However, they have a larger field of view and therefore more of the specimen can be observed at once that allows the observer to locate the exact target. Due to poor magnification, the target may not be clearly visible, however it can be later watched in higher magnification.
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What is the purpose of spindle fibers during mitosis?
Answer: Separate the Sister Chromatids
Explanation: Spindle Fibers are on either end of the cell pulling the chromosomes apart during Anaphase
a cell with 6 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. at the end of all of meiosis and cytokinesis, how many daughter cells are produced and how many chromosomes are in each daughter cell?
At the end of meiosis of a cell with 6 chromosomes, 4 daughter cells are produced with 3 chromosomes in each cell.
Meiosis is the process of reductional division. It is called so because it reduces the chromosome number into half in the daughter cells. The meiosis is accomplished in two phases: Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I is the actual reductional division where the chromosomes are halved.
Chromosomes are the compact form of genetic material. It comprises of DNA and histone proteins. The genetic material is transmitted to daughter cells in this form. Each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids that are joined together at the region called centromere.
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Which type of rock made from heat and pressure is primarily classified by texture and composition?
Responses:
A)sedimentary
B)igneous
C)organic
D)metamorphic
Answer: Metamorphic
Explanation:
Answer:
metamorphic
Explanation:
it was correct on test
small seed that are covered in a biodegradable coating to make seed larger (easier to sow) are called .
Small seed that are covered in a biodegradable coating to make seed larger or easier to sow is called seed pelleting.
Seed pelleting is applying thin layer of filler materials that is biodegradable in nature, on seed surface that increases their weight and changes shape and size of seed. It is done to improve establishment process. Mostly, seed pelleting is done to make small, fine, light and odd shaped seeds into bold, heavy, round and uniform so they can be planted in easy way.
What is meant by term biodegradable?
The term biodegradable is defined as ability of any material to get decomposed by action of microorganism with the help of abiotic factors in an ecosystem. Process of decomposing biodegradable waste is natural and may take time. Example includes food materials, kitchen wastes, paper, manure etc.
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- 5. Which of the following would ecologists NOT study?
A. how beavers get food.
B. how much water is needed for a corn crop.
C. how plastic expands when it is heated.
D. how rabbits escape from predators.
Answer:
I think C is correct
Explanation:
I am not really sure
