The tax due on the unrelated business taxable income of $58,200 is $12,222, which is calculated as $12,012 + $1,000 exemption is - C. $12,222.
What does it entail?Unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) refers to the income that is earned by an organization that is exempt from taxes, but which it derives from activities that are unrelated to its tax-exempt purpose. Organizations that have UBTI are required to pay income tax on the UBTI.
The tax rate that applies to UBTI is the same as the tax rate that applies to corporations. In 2021, corporations pay a flat rate of 21% on their taxable income. Therefore, the tax due on the UBTI of Charity for All Things Small, Inc. can be calculated as follows:UBTI = $58,200Taxable income = $58,200Less: Standard deduction = $1,000Taxable income after standard deduction = $57,200Tax = Taxable income x Tax rate Tax = $57,200 x 21%Tax = $12,012.
Taxable income also includes a specific exemption of $1,000, which reduces taxable income, resulting in a lower tax amount.
Therefore, the tax due on the unrelated business taxable income of $58,200 is $12,222, which is calculated as $12,012 + $1,000 exemption.
Hence, option c. is correct.
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M taventory A Beginning inventory 16-21. How many units are available-to-promise in period 1? period 4? 12 Period 2 3 4 5 6 100 100 100 100 50 125 95 85 45 15 250 1 50 85 250 On hand = 60 Forecast Customer Orders Master Production Schedule Available-to-Promise 4 5 14-24. Calculate the available-to-promise row in the following ma- 6 trix. 6 14-28. The Blue 2 1 Period 3 4 4 5 50 100 50 100 75 175 45 15 200 = 100 On hand Forecast 100 125 rates rur Bumped night. W of unde no-show 50 50 200 Customer Orders Master Production Schedule Available-to-Promise
In the M taventory example, the available-to-promise units in period 1 are 100 and in period 4 are 250.
In the Blue example, the available-to-promise row would be 50, 75, 75, and 125 units respectively for each period.
Available-to-promise (ATP) is a concept in inventory management that calculates the number of units that are available to fulfill customer orders in a given time period after accounting for the existing inventory, scheduled production, and customer orders.
In the M taventory example, the beginning inventory is 16 units, and there are no customer orders in period 1. So, all 100 units of the master production schedule can be added to the on-hand inventory of 16 units to get 116 units available to promise in period 1.
While in period 4, there is an on-hand inventory of 125 units and a forecast of 15 units, so the total inventory is 140. However, there are customer orders of 45 and 85 units, so the available-to-promise units in period 4 are 140 - (45+85) = 10 units.
In the Blue example, the ATP row is calculated as follows: The beginning inventory is 2 units, and there are no customer orders in period 1.
So all 100 units of the master production schedule can be added to the on-hand inventory of 2 units to give 102 units available to promise in period 1. In period 2, there is a customer order of 50 units, and the on-hand inventory is 102-50 = 52 units. In period 3, there is a customer order of 75 units, and the on-hand inventory is 52 - 75 = -23.
This means that there is not enough inventory to meet the demand. In period 4, the blue company can produce 100 units and also has an on-hand inventory of 45 units, so the total ATP is 145.
Similarly, in period 5, the ATP is calculated by adding the production capacity to the on-hand inventory and subtracting the customer demand to get 125 units available to promise.
In conclusion, the ATP calculation helps organizations decide how much inventory to allocate for customer orders and how much to maintain as safety stock and plan the production schedule for future periods.
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Define the term "Statement of Work" (SOW) and explain its
purpose.
A Statement of Work (SOW) is a document that clearly identifies the activities or objectives that a contractor is required to accomplish in a project.
The main purpose of an SOW is to specify all the expectations of the project, outlining the tasks, deliverables, and timelines that are to be met for the project to be successful. The SOW defines the project’s scope of work in detail. It outlines all the specifics, the deliverables to be produced, and the timelines for each one. SOWs are used by a wide range of organizations including government, private businesses, and non-profit organizations. The SOW is a key document used in the planning and execution of projects. It serves as the foundation upon which all the other project management activities are based. In essence, it defines the parameters within which the project will operate. As such, it is a critical document that needs to be carefully crafted to ensure that all the necessary aspects of the project are included.
The SOW serves several purposes including Providing a clear and concise description of the project: This is important to ensure that everyone involved in the project is on the same page. The SOW should clearly outline what the project is all about, what is required to achieve its goals, and what the deliverables are. Specifying the scope of the project: The SOW outlines the boundaries of the project. This helps to ensure that the project stays on track and that everyone knows what is expected of them. Defining the objectives of the project: The SOW should specify the project’s goals and what the contractor is expected to achieve. This will help to ensure that the project meets its objectives and delivers value to the client. Outlining the tasks and timelines: The SOW should provide a detailed description of the tasks that need to be accomplished, the timelines for each task, and the deliverables that are expected. This helps to ensure that the project stays on track and that everyone knows what they need to do to complete the project on time.
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the error from using duration to estimate the new price of a fixed-income security will be less as the amount of convexity increases. T/F
The statement that "the error from using duration to estimate the new price of a fixed-income security will be less as the amount of convexity increases" is true.
When duration is used to estimate the new price of a fixed-income security, there is a potential for error. This is because duration is a linear approximation that does not account for convexity.
As a result, duration estimates will be more accurate for securities with greater convexity.The concept of convexity and duration in finance Convexity is the curvature of the price-yield curve of a bond. It is a measure of the bond's price sensitivity to interest rate changes.
Convexity measures the degree to which the price of a bond will change in response to a change in interest rates. Duration, on the other hand, is a measure of the bond's price sensitivity to interest rate changes.
Duration measures the bond's expected cash flows, taking into account both the coupon payments and the principal repayment. Duration is a linear approximation that assumes that the price-yield relationship is linear.
However, as interest rates change, the price-yield curve of a bond becomes nonlinear and the relationship becomes more complex.
Therefore, the error from using duration to estimate the new price of a fixed-income security will be less as the amount of convexity increases.
The higher the convexity, the less linear the relationship between price and yield, and the greater the potential for duration to misestimate price changes.
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Discuss changes in aboriginal demographics and their effects on the business environment
Changes in Aboriginal demographics can have various effects on the business environment, including market opportunities, labor force dynamics, cultural considerations, and social impact.
Market Opportunities: As the Aboriginal population grows and changes, there can be new market opportunities for businesses that cater to the specific needs and preferences of this demographic. This could include offering culturally appropriate products and services, targeting specific regions with a significant Aboriginal population, or collaborating with Aboriginal entrepreneurs and businesses.
Labor Force Dynamics: Changes in Aboriginal demographics can impact the labor force composition. As more Aboriginal individuals enter the working-age population, businesses may have access to a larger pool of potential employees. This can provide opportunities for diversity and inclusion in the workforce, leading to different perspectives and skills that can benefit businesses.
Cultural Considerations: Understanding and respecting Aboriginal culture and traditions is essential for businesses operating in regions with significant Aboriginal populations. By recognizing cultural diversity and incorporating cultural sensitivity into business practices, companies can build trust and foster positive relationships with Aboriginal communities. This may involve collaborating with Indigenous suppliers, engaging in culturally appropriate marketing, and incorporating Indigenous art or symbols respectfully.
Social Impact: Changes in Aboriginal demographics can influence societal attitudes and expectations, including those related to corporate social responsibility and ethical business practices. As awareness of Indigenous rights and issues grows, businesses are increasingly expected to demonstrate their commitment to social and environmental sustainability, engage in meaningful Indigenous consultations, and support initiatives that benefit Aboriginal communities.
Changes in Aboriginal demographics can bring both challenges and opportunities for businesses. Adapting to these changes involves recognizing and respecting the cultural diversity and needs of Aboriginal communities, tapping into market opportunities, fostering inclusion in the labor force, and embracing corporate social responsibility. By doing so, businesses can contribute to the overall economic development and well-being of Aboriginal populations while also benefiting from their unique perspectives and potential market growth.
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Which of the following describes European options?
A. Sold in Europe
B. Priced in Euros
C. Exercisable only at maturity
D. Calls (there are no European puts)
Exercisable only at maturity
European options are financial derivative contracts that can only be exercised at their maturity date or expiration. Unlike American options, which can be exercised at any time before expiration, European options can only be exercised on the expiration date. This characteristic differentiates European options from American options.
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Explain the different types of taxes and fees assessed upon citizens by state and local governments? How are these various funds used?
Product classification is an important process of grouping products according to their use, market, pricing, and other important features. There are many ways in which products can be classified including consumer goods, industrial goods, luxury products, convenience products, and more.
The impact of product classification on industries is significant, as it can help companies better understand their target market, increase product visibility, and improve customer satisfaction. This leads to increased sales and revenue for the company. Product classification is also useful for companies that are looking to expand their product line, as it can help them identify gaps in the market that they can fill with their own products. The classification process can be particularly useful for industries that are experiencing rapid growth and change, as it can help companies stay ahead of the competition by identifying emerging trends and consumer preferences. Overall, product classification is an important tool for companies that want to stay competitive in their respective industries. By understanding the different ways in which products can be classified and their impact on the market, companies can develop effective marketing strategies, identify new opportunities for growth, and continue to innovate and improve their products and services. In conclusion, product classification plays a significant role in the success of a company in terms of revenue and profits. It helps companies identify their target market, increase product visibility, and improve customer satisfaction.
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Cryptocurrencies are a rage right now -but the cryptocurrency ride has been wild with values rising quickly and then falling fast. Here is your question – are cryptocurrencies a scam or hustle or are they a viable alternative store of value (i.e. money)? You must defend your decision with sources - not just your opinion. In your assessment, you can refer to what cryptocurrencies are,
how you invest in them, how you use them, what a 'wallet' is, what the risks are, what the benefits are and what you think the future might be. No one knows how cryptocurrencies will evolve but it looks like 'digital money' is here to stay -
Also i want description a on POLKADOT coin discuss the viability of the cryptocurrency, whether it is decentralized or centralized, what the rules of the cryptocurrency are such as how are new coins created, etc
Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that uses encryption techniques to regulate the creation of units and verify the transfer of funds.
Cryptocurrencies are a rage right now - but the cryptocurrency ride has been wild with values rising quickly and then falling fast. In this answer, we will discuss the viability of cryptocurrency, Polkadot coin, its decentralization, rules of the cryptocurrency, how new coins are created, risks, and benefits.Cryptocurrencies are considered a viable alternative store of value (i.e., money) rather than a scam or a hustle.
People use cryptocurrencies like real money to purchase goods and services online, and some companies are even beginning to accept cryptocurrencies as payment. With the rise of digital currency, people are finding new ways to invest their money.Cryptocurrency is highly volatile, and the price of a cryptocurrency can change rapidly in a short period. In addition to the volatility, there is also the risk of fraud and scams associated with investing in cryptocurrency.
To mitigate the risks of cryptocurrency, investors need to be careful when choosing where to invest their money and must do proper research before investing.Polkadot coin is a next-generation blockchain protocol that aims to connect different blockchains together. It is decentralized, meaning that no central authority controls the network. The protocol uses a unique method called sharding to allow multiple transactions to be processed simultaneously. It also features a governance model that allows token holders to vote on changes to the protocol.
Polkadot is an open-source project, meaning that anyone can contribute to its development. New Polkadot coins are created through a process called staking. Token holders can stake their tokens to secure the network and earn rewards in return. In conclusion, cryptocurrency is a viable alternative store of value and Polkadot coin is a promising project with a decentralized network, unique features, and a strong governance model. However, it is essential to conduct proper research and be cautious while investing in any cryptocurrency.
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What is editing? Why is it important to edit a document before sending it to its intended audience? How do you correct someone whose writing output does not meet organizational standard? Cite instances where unedited or bad editing has resulted to a misunderstanding. What do you think are the skills required for one to become an effective editor. Provide your
Editing is the process of reviewing and revising a document to improve its clarity, coherence, grammar, punctuation, and overall quality.
It is essential to edit a document before sending it to its intended audience to ensure accuracy, professionalism, and effective communication. When correcting someone whose writing output does not meet organizational standards, it is crucial to provide constructive feedback and offer guidance on improving their writing skills. Instances of unedited or poorly edited content can lead to misunderstandings, misinterpretations, and a negative impact on the message being conveyed. Effective editing requires strong language skills, attention to detail, a comprehensive understanding of grammar and style, critical thinking, and the ability to provide objective feedback.
Editing involves carefully reviewing a document to enhance its clarity, coherence, grammar, punctuation, and overall quality. It helps to eliminate errors, inconsistencies, and ambiguities, ensuring that the intended message is effectively conveyed. By editing a document before sending it to its intended audience, you can present a professional and polished piece of work, which enhances credibility and improves communication. Editing also helps to identify and rectify any factual inaccuracies or logical flaws in the content.
When correcting someone whose writing output does not meet organizational standards, it's important to approach the situation tactfully and constructively. Provide specific feedback on areas that need improvement, such as grammar, clarity, or organization. Offer guidance on how to enhance their writing skills, such as recommending resources or suggesting specific strategies for improvement. Encouraging open communication and offering support can foster a positive learning environment.
Unedited or poorly edited content can lead to misunderstandings and misinterpretations. Errors in grammar, punctuation, or word choice can alter the intended meaning of a sentence or even an entire message. Ambiguities or inconsistencies can confuse the reader and make the content difficult to follow. In professional settings, such misunderstandings can harm relationships, damage reputations, and result in lost opportunities.
To become an effective editor, one needs to possess several skills. Strong language skills, including grammar, vocabulary, and style, are essential. Attention to detail is crucial for identifying errors, inconsistencies, and areas that require improvement. Critical thinking skills enable editors to assess the logic, coherence, and flow of the content. Objectivity is important for providing constructive feedback and making impartial decisions. Additionally, knowledge of different writing styles and genres, as well as familiarity with editing tools and resources, can greatly enhance an editor's effectiveness.
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which of the following is most likely a benefit of debt covenants for the borrower? A.Reduction in the cost of borrowing B.Limitation on the company C.Restiction on how the borrowed money
C. Restriction on how the borrowed money can be used is most likely a benefit of debt covenants for the borrower
Debt covenants are agreements between a borrower and a lender that outline specific terms and conditions regarding the borrower's behavior and financial obligations. While debt covenants are primarily designed to protect the lender's interests, they can also provide benefits for the borrower.
One such benefit is that debt covenants can impose restrictions on how the borrowed money can be used. This can help ensure that the borrower allocates the funds in a prudent and responsible manner, potentially reducing the risk of financial mismanagement. By setting guidelines on the use of funds, debt covenants can promote financial discipline and accountability within the borrowing company.
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Egrane, Incorporated's monthly bank statement showed the ending balance of cash of $18,800. The bank reconciliation for the period showed an adjustment for a deposit in transit of $1,650, outstanding checks of $2,300, an NSF check of $1,000, bank service charges of $45 and the EFT from a customer in payment of the customer's account of $1,800.
What is the up-to-date ending Cash balance?
Multiple Choice
$18,150
$20,905
$17,395
$19,450
The up-to-date ending cash balance will be $19,450. To find out the correct option, we need to prepare the bank reconciliation statement for Egrane, Incorporated. Hence, the correct option is D) $19,450.
Bank Reconciliation Statement for Egrane, Incorporated Ending balance of cash (monthly bank statement) $18,800 Add: Deposit in transit $1,650 Total $20,450 Less: Outstanding checks $2,300 NSF check $1,000 Bank service charges $45 EFT from a customer in payment of the customer's account $1,800 Total $5,145 Adjusted balance $15,305
Therefore, the up-to-date ending cash balance will be $15,305 + $4,145 (Adjustments) = $19,450.
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Revenue model and fulfilment strategy for customized clothes
online business and also website and web design strategy for this
business model.
For an online business offering customized clothes, the revenue model can be based on a combination of product pricing and customization fees.
The business can generate revenue by setting prices for the base garments and then charging additional fees for customization options.
The fulfillment strategy involves partnering with clothing manufacturers or maintaining an in-house production team to ensure timely delivery of customized orders. The website and web design strategy should focus on providing a user-friendly interface for customers to customize their clothes, showcasing product options effectively, and incorporating secure payment gateways. It should also prioritize responsive design, high-quality visuals, and intuitive navigation to enhance the overall user experience and drive customer engagement.
The revenue model for a customized clothes online business would involve setting competitive prices for the base garments, considering factors like material costs and market competition. Additional revenue can be generated through customization fees, which would vary based on the complexity and extent of customization chosen by customers.
The fulfillment strategy would entail establishing partnerships with reliable clothing manufacturers or maintaining an in-house production team. This ensures efficient production and delivery of customized orders within the promised timeframe. Effective inventory management and supply chain coordination are crucial for timely order processing.
In terms of website and web design, a user-friendly interface that allows customers to easily customize their clothes is essential. The website should feature clear product imagery, detailed descriptions, and intuitive customization options. Integration of secure payment gateways ensures smooth and safe transactions. Responsive design, optimized for various devices, along with seamless navigation, contributes to an enhanced user experience, leading to higher customer satisfaction and increased conversions.
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Revenue model and fulfilment strategy for customized clothes
online business and also website and web design strategy for this
business model is what?
Name the three general methods of title assurance and briefly describe each, which would you recommend to a friend purchasing a home? Why? Would it be legal for you to give a quitclaim deed for the Statue of Liberty to your friend?
The three general methods of title assurance are title insurance, abstract and attorney opinion, and Torrens system. Title insurance is recommended due to its comprehensive coverage and protection against potential title defects. It would not be legal to give a quitclaim deed for the Statue of Liberty to a friend as it is a public property and cannot be transferred in such a manner.
Title insurance: Title insurance is a common method of title assurance that provides protection against any unknown defects or claims on the property's title. It involves purchasing a policy from a title insurance company, which conducts a thorough investigation to uncover any potential issues.
Abstract and attorney opinion: This method involves preparing an abstract of title, which is a condensed history of the property's ownership and any recorded liens or encumbrances. An attorney then reviews the abstract and provides an opinion on the title's validity.
Torrens system: The Torrens system is a method used in some jurisdictions to provide a state-guaranteed title registration process. It involves registering the property with a government agency, which issues a certificate of title that serves as conclusive evidence of ownership.
Among these methods, title insurance is generally recommended due to its comprehensive coverage and protection. It offers financial protection against potential title defects, including unknown claims, fraud, and errors in public records. Title insurance policies are typically issued after a thorough examination of the property's title history, reducing the risk for the buyer.
Regarding the quitclaim deed for the Statue of Liberty, it would not be legal to transfer ownership through a quitclaim deed. The Statue of Liberty is a public property and is owned by the government. Public properties, especially iconic landmarks like the Statue of Liberty, cannot be privately owned or transferred by individuals through such means. The ownership and management of public properties are governed by specific laws and regulations to preserve their historical, cultural, or public significance.
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A fall in consumer confidence will likely result in which of the following effects? a downward shift in the LM curve an upward shift in the LM curve a leftward shift in the IS curve no change in the IS curve a rightward shift in the IS curve
A fall in consumer confidence will likely result in a leftward shift in the IS curve.
The IS-LM model is used to analyze the relationship between interest rates and output in an economy. The IS curve represents the combinations of interest rates and output levels at which goods and services markets are in equilibrium.
A fall in consumer confidence indicates a decrease in the willingness of consumers to spend, which leads to a decrease in consumption expenditure. This decrease in consumption expenditure reduces the overall level of output and shifts the IS curve to the left.
Therefore, the correct answer is: a leftward shift in the IS curve.
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Which of the following will decrease the market demand for labor, ceteris paribus?
A) A decrease in immigration.
B) A decrease in the wage rate.
C) An increase in labor productivity.
D) A decrease in the price of the product produced by labor.
The answer is (D) A decrease in the price of the product produced by labor will decrease the market demand for labor, ceteris paribus.
Market demand for labor
The quantity of labor required by all businesses in a specific labor market during a specified period is referred to as market demand for labor. The market demand for labor is determined by a variety of factors. These are:
Changes in the size of the industry. If the size of the industry grows, there will be greater demand for labor. On the other hand, if the size of the industry decreases, there will be less demand for labor.
Wages offered by the industry. If wages offered are high, demand for labor will be high. Conversely, if wages offered are low, demand for labor will be low.
The productivity of labor. An industry may have to hire more labor if productivity is low in order to achieve a certain output. In contrast, high productivity means that less labor is required.
The product price produced by labor. An increase in the price of the product will lead to an increase in demand for labor. On the other hand, a decrease in the price of the product will lead to a decrease in demand for labor.
Immigration is not a factor that will decrease the market demand for labor. If there is a decrease in immigration, it can lead to a reduction in the supply of labor, which can increase the wages of those in the workforce. This can, in turn, lead to an increase in demand for labor and result in an increase in the market demand for labor.
A decrease in the wage rate will not decrease the market demand for labor. Instead, it is likely to increase the demand for labor as it will become cheaper for firms to employ more labor. An increase in labor productivity will also increase the demand for labor. This is because productivity measures output per unit of labor input. If productivity is high, fewer workers will be needed to produce the same amount of output.
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Historically, cost and management accounting attempts to satisfy external information needs for management function O True O False
False, historically, cost and management accounting attempts to satisfy external information needs for management function is False. The cost centre and management accounting have an internal focus that aims to provide information that facilitates the management function.
Management accounting is an important decision-making tool that helps managers make informed decisions. It involves collecting, analyzing, and presenting financial and non-financial information that management needs to make informed decisions.
Management accounting is concerned with providing information that helps managers make decisions, and it is used primarily for internal purposes. The information provided by management accounting is not required by external stakeholders such as investors, creditors, and regulatory agencies, unlike financial accounting.
Cost accounting is a branch of management accounting that focuses on collecting, analyzing, and presenting information related to the cost of products, services, or activities. Cost accounting is primarily concerned with the internal management of the organization and is not required by external stakeholders such as investors, creditors, and regulatory agencies.
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Individual Report (10%) - Supply and Demand Assignment
Opens June 6th – Closes June 24th at 5 pm
All articles must be approved by 6 pm on Thursday June 23rd.
Failure to have the article approved by the due date on Thursday June 23rd will result in a grade of zero for this assignment.
This report should consist the following sections:
1. A title page with an Academic Integrity Statement (See the statement below)
2. A scanned copy of the article you have selected. It must be scanned and inserted into the word document you are submitting. Alternately, you can provide a hyerlink to the article you have analyzed.
3. An introduction page (1-2 pages). Think of this as an executive summary which summarizes your article and introduces the specific market you have chosen to look into.
4. The main body of the report (three pages) describes:
- How the market you have chosen has been impacted.
- Here you will outline important features of the market you are interested in. For Example, how has the market changed due to Covid?
- What are the major changes the market has seen recently that compelled you to look into this market?
- what caused these changes?
- What impact have these changes had on the stakeholders?
- Who are the players (consumers/producers) in the market?
- Is the market regulated in anyway? Who are the regulators.
5. Conlcusions
6. References (This will include the newspaper article and other sources that you read to learn about this topic).
How to select a market?
Select a market that is of interest to you. Use what you know about this industry and knowledge from this course to create your report. Markets that might be of interest include:
- Housing market (or housing rental market) in Toronto/Ontario/Canada
- Cottage Market - Some extraordinary things happening here.
- Used Car Market - Again, some extraordinary things happening here.
- Market for mobile phone service
- Market for electric vehicles
- Gasoline
- Lumber
This list here can get quite long. Especially since Covid, we have seen so many markets turned upside down. Most supply chains in construction and electonics have seen severe shortages. Pick one that interests you!!!
In your report, explain and justify your analysis using current events and market facts you have researched to support your conclusions.
- Identify and explain at least two factors that have caused a shift in the demand curve.
- Identify and explain two factors that have caused a shift in the supply curve.
- Identify and explain any intervention relating to this market. Explain the objective of that intervention and illustrate the impact on the market using supply and demand curves.
Please upload your file (report) to BlackBoard under Assignment 2
Integrity Declaration (Assignments): By submitting this assignment, I, __________________, Student Number _________________ affirm that I have not given or received any unauthorized help and that all work submitted is my own. I have abided by Seneca’s Academic Integrity Policy and I understand that any violation of academic integrity will be subject to the penalties outlined in the policy.I pledge that I have not copied or plagiarised another's work and have given credit to the original author for work that I have borrowed. I understand that plagiarism will result in a grade of zero for this assignment.
You must send the article to me before you proceed with this assignment. I will not accept duplicated market analysis - so the sooner you decide on the market you wish to consider and send me your article, the greater chance you have to be permitted to use the article.
ALL APPROVALS MUST BE DONE BY Thursday June 23rd at 6pm.
This assignment requires students to analyze a selected market and write a report based on a newspaper article or other relevant sources.
The report should include sections such as a title page with an Academic Integrity Statement, a scanned copy of the selected article, an introduction page summarizing the article and introducing the chosen market, the main body describing the impact on the market, changes, stakeholders, players, regulations, and more, followed by conclusions and references. Students are expected to justify their analysis using current events and market facts and explain factors causing shifts in the demand and supply curves, as well as any interventions and their impact on the market. The report must be submitted before the specified deadline.
In this assignment, students are required to analyze a specific market of their choice and write a comprehensive report based on a newspaper article or other credible sources. The report should include different sections, starting with a title page that includes an Academic Integrity Statement. The selected article must be scanned and inserted into the Word document or provided as a hyperlink.
The introduction page serves as an executive summary, summarizing the article and introducing the chosen market. The main body of the report should focus on describing the impact on the market, outlining important features, discussing changes due to COVID-19 or other factors, identifying major players and stakeholders, and examining any regulations in place.
Students are expected to support their analysis with current events and market facts, justifying their conclusions. They need to identify and explain at least two factors that have caused a shift in the demand curve and two factors that have caused a shift in the supply curve. Additionally, they should analyze any interventions related to the market, explaining the objectives and illustrating the impact using supply and demand curves.
The report should conclude with a summary of findings and include a reference list citing the newspaper article and other sources consulted for the analysis. It is crucial to adhere to the academic integrity policy, ensuring that the work submitted is original and properly cited. The report must be submitted before the specified deadline to avoid penalties.
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International Management 10th edition. Authors: Helen Deresky and Stewart R. Miller
Case 5 Analysis:
Chapter 5 is about Cross-Cultural Negotiation and Decision Making
Chapter 5 Case Study: Amazon.com in China: Can Elaine Chang Crack the Chinese Market?
Questionss:
Critically analyze Amazon’s strategy in China.
How could Amazon face up to the fierce competition from e-commerce retailers in China?
Discuss the possible challenges Amazon could face in China going forward. What should it do in such a scenario
In order to address the challenges and fierce competition in the Chinese market, Amazon should consider strategic partnerships with local companies to leverage their expertise and customer base.
It is crucial for Amazon to localize its offerings by providing language support, tailored customer service, and a product selection that aligns with Chinese consumers' preferences. Additionally, Amazon should prioritize enhancing the customer experience through fast and reliable delivery, personalized services, and competitive pricing.
Building trust and improving brand perception are essential for Amazon's success in China. By staying updated on regulatory changes and ensuring compliance, Amazon can navigate the evolving business environment. Overall, Amazon needs to adapt its strategy to meet the unique demands of the Chinese market and differentiate itself from the strong competition.
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points Save Answer Assume today's settlement price on a CME EUR futures contract is $1.3146/EUR. You have a short position in one contract. Your performance bond account currently has a balance of $1,700. The next day' settlement price is $1.3051. Calculate the balance of the account at the end of the day. (USD, no cents)
Today's settlement price on a CME EUR futures contract is $1.3146/EUR. You have a short position in one contract. Your performance bond account currently has a balance of $1,700. The next day's settlement price is $1.3051
.To find: Calculate the balance of the account at the end of the day solution:
Daily Price Limit of CME Euro FX futures contract
= $0.0050/EUR (Currency Futures)The price movement of the futures contract
= $1.3146/EUR - $1.3051/EUR
= $0.0095/
EURAs 1 Euro futures contract consists of 125,000 Euros,
thus Dollar value of 1 Euro = 1.3051 * 125,000
= $163,137.5
Dollar value of the short position = 163,137.5
The profit and loss per contract would be = 0.0095 * 125,000
= $1,187.5
As the short position was taken, it resulted in a profit:
Profit = 1,187.5 dollars
Therefore, new balance in the account will be the sum of old balance and profit
= $1,700 + $1,187.5 = $2887.5
Thus, the balance of the account at the end of the day is $2,887.5 (USD, no cents).
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The Federal Reserve increases interest rates when it wants to
reduce aggregate demand to fight inflation. How do increases in the
interest rate reduce aggregate demand?
The Federal Reserve increases interest rates when it wants to reduce aggregate demand to fight inflation. Increases in the interest rate reduce aggregate demand in a number of ways. An increase in interest rates increases the cost of borrowing, which discourages firms and individuals from borrowing to invest in capital goods and real estate.
Therefore, this reduces the demand for investment goods and causes a decrease in aggregate demand.
Increasing interest rates also makes saving more attractive to consumers and businesses. As a result, they prefer to save rather than spend. Saving money leads to a decrease in consumer spending and investments by businesses. This decrease in spending also contributes to reducing aggregate demand.
In addition, a higher interest rate causes the exchange rate to increase. A higher exchange rate makes exports less competitive, while imports become more competitive. As a result, this reduces the demand for exports and increases the demand for imports, which also contributes to reducing aggregate demand. Moreover, when the interest rate increases, this makes it more expensive to pay off loans.
Hence, borrowers have less disposable income to spend on goods and services. In conclusion, the Federal Reserve increases interest rates to reduce aggregate demand to fight inflation. The increase in interest rates reduces aggregate demand through reducing borrowing, making savings more attractive, causing a higher exchange rate, and making loan repayment more expensive.
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Requirement 5. Calculate each division's RI. Interpret your results and offer recommendations for any division with negative RI. First enter the formula, then calculate the RI for each division. (Enter the amount in thousands. Use parentheses or a minus sign for negative residual incomes.) -( X = RI Paint Stores -( X %) Consumer - ( %) Interpret your results and offer recommendations for any division with negative RI. meeting management's target rate of return. The should work on improving its Improving this may help the division achieve positive residual income. Requirement 6. Total asset data were provided in this problem. If you were to gather this information from an annual report, how would you measure total assets? Describe your measurement choices and some of the pros and cons of those choices. Most companies use the asset balance since the income used in the ROI calculation is earned over the year. Management must also decide whether they wish to use the gross book value of assets or the net book value of assets. The book value is often used because it is easily pulled from the balance sheet. However, ROI using that value will artificially rise over time due to Requirement 7. Describe some of the factors that management considers when setting its minimum target rate of return. Requirement 8. Explain why some firms prefer to use Rl rather than ROI for performance measurement. RI does a better job of Requirement 9. Explain why budget versus actual performance reports are insufficient for evaluating the performance of investment centers. Investment centers are responsible for Budget versus actual performance reports are insufficient because they do not measure Sherwin-Williams is a national paint manufacturer and retailer. (Click the icon to view additional information.) Assume that management has specified a 19% target rate of return. Read the requirements. Data table The company is segmented into five divisions: Paint Stores (branded retail location), Consumer (paint sold through stores such as Sears, Home Depot, and Lowe's), Automotive (sales to auto manufacturers), International, and Administration. The following is selected hypothetical divisional information for the company's two largest divisions: Paint Stores and Consumer (in thousands of dollars). Total Assets Sales Operating Income Paint Stores ... $ 3,920,000 $ 490,000 Consumer ..... $ 1,140,000 $ 148,200 $ 1,400,000 $ 1,425,000
Requirement 5: Residual income (RI) = Operating income – (Total assets * Target rate of return) / 100Paint Stores RI = $490,000 – ($3,920,000 * 19%) / 100= $71,080Consumer RI = $148,200 – ($1,140,000 * 19%) / 100= $-25,460Paint Stores have a positive residual income which means that the division is profitable and generating returns that are in excess of the management’s target rate of return.
On the other hand, the Consumer division has a negative residual income which indicates that it is not meeting management's target rate of return. The division should work on improving its operating income. Improving this may help the division achieve positive residual income. Requirement 6:Total assets can be measured in different ways. The choices that are often made when measuring total assets include the historical cost, market value, and current cost. Historical cost is the most commonly used measurement choice. It is preferred because it is objective, verifiable, and it is available in the balance sheet. The con of using historical cost is that it ignores the effects of inflation. Market value measurement choice reflects the fair value of the assets and considers inflation effects. The pro of market value is that it reflects the true economic value of the assets. However, the con of using the market value is that it is not always easy to determine the market value of some assets. Current cost is the choice of measurement that reflects the current value of the assets. The pro of current cost is that it considers inflation effects and it is relevant. However, the con of using the current cost is that it is subjective and it is difficult to apply to all assets.Requirement 7:Some of the factors that management considers when setting its minimum target rate of return include the opportunity cost of capital, risk, and inflation. The opportunity cost of capital is the returns that could have been realized from alternative investments. The rate should be such that it can cover the opportunity cost of capital. The rate should also reflect the risks involved. For instance, a project with high risk will require a higher rate of return. Finally, inflation should be considered since the minimum rate should be above the rate of inflation.Requirement 8:Some firms prefer to use Residual Income (RI) rather than ROI for performance measurement because RI eliminates the problems associated with ROI. Unlike ROI, RI considers the cost of capital and the required minimum return. It also measures the performance of a division against the actual returns that have been generated and not against the returns that have been generated by other divisions. This makes it a fair measure of divisional performance. Finally, unlike ROI which ignores capital invested, RI considers capital employed in the division. This makes it a better measure of the efficiency of resource utilization.Requirement 9:Budget versus actual performance reports are insufficient for evaluating the performance of investment centers because they do not measure the investment center’s true performance. They only compare the actual performance to the budgeted performance. This means that a favorable variance may be due to luck rather than good management. To address this shortcoming, additional measures such as ROI and RI should be used. These measures take into account the investment centers’ actual results in comparison to its actual investment and performance.
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The buyer may request the seller to make repairs, but the seller usually has the option to make the repairs after closing. receive a debit for the repairs on the closing statement. make a counter-proposal. charge the buyer for the repairs.
The seller usually has the option to make the repairs after closing.
In real estate transactions, when the buyer requests repairs, the seller typically has the option to complete the repairs after the closing of the transaction. This means that the buyer may identify necessary repairs during the inspection process and request that the seller address them. However, instead of making the repairs before closing, the seller can choose to complete them at a later date. This allows the transaction to proceed without delays or complications related to the repairs. The specific terms regarding repairs and their timing are typically outlined in the purchase agreement or contract between the buyer and the seller.
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Phillip and Naydeen Rivers are married with two dependent children. The family has household income of $41,200 in 2021. They paid $11,000 for health care for the year through the health care exchange. A designated silver plan would have cost $9,800 and the poverty level for a family of 4 is $26,200. The applicable percentage is .28 percent. What is the Rivers' premium tax credit? O a. $7,909 O b. $9,800 O c. $9,685 O d. $7,941 O e. $505
The Rivers' premium tax credit is $7,909. The premium tax credit is a refundable tax credit that helps eligible families pay for health insurance through the Health Insurance Marketplace.
It is calculated on the basis of household income and family size, and it is used to offset the monthly cost of health insurance premiums. The applicable percentage is the amount of income that a family is expected to pay toward the cost of health insurance premiums. In this case, the Rivers' applicable percentage is .
28 percent, which means they are expected to pay 28% of their income toward the cost of premiums. The premium for a designated silver plan is the cost of the second lowest cost silver plan that is available in the area where the family lives. In this case, the designated silver plan would have cost $9,800.The Rivers paid $11,000 for health care for the year through the health care exchange.
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Given that sales are R3 000 000. Labour is R365 000. Using
percentage on sales method labour is —— of sales
A. 12,17%
B. 4,05%
C. R4.6%
D. 40,5%
The labor cost is approximately 12.17% of sales.
to calculate the percentage of labor cost as a proportion of sales, we divide the labor cost by the sales and multiply by 100 to convert it into a percentage.
labor as a percentage of sales = (labor cost / sales) * 100
given information:
sales = r3,000,000
labor cost = r365,000
labor as a percentage of sales = (r365,000 / r3,000,000) * 100
calculating the percentage:
labor as a percentage of sales ≈ (0.1216667) * 100 ≈ 12.17% :
a. 12.17%
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An auto parts supplier sells Hardy-brand batteries to car dealers and auto mechanics. The annual demand is approximately 1,200 batteries. The supplier pays $28 for each battery and estimates that the annual holding cost is 30 percent of the battery's value. It costs approximately $20 to place an order (managerial and clerical costs). The supplier currently orders 100 batteries per month.
a. Determine the ordering, holding, and total inventory costs for the current order quantity.
b. Determine the economic order quantity (EOQ).
c. How many orders will be placed per year using the EOQ?
d. Determine the duration between each order considering the standard working days per year is 250.
e. Determine the ordering, holding, and total inventory costs for the EOQ.
f. How has ordering cost, holding cost, and total inventory cost changed?
By implementing the economic order quantity (EOQ), the supplier can optimize the order quantity, resulting in a higher number of orders per year but with smaller order sizes.
In this scenario, an auto parts supplier sells Hardy-brand batteries with an annual demand of approximately 1,200 batteries. The supplier pays $28 for each battery and estimates the annual holding cost to be 30% of the battery's value. It costs $20 to place an order. Initially, the supplier orders 100 batteries per month. The following analysis will determine the ordering, holding, and total inventory costs for the current order quantity, calculate the economic order quantity (EOQ), determine the number of orders per year using the EOQ, calculate the duration between each order, and analyze the changes in ordering cost, holding cost, and total inventory cost.
a. The current order quantity is 100 batteries per month. To determine the ordering cost, we multiply the number of orders per year (12) by the order cost ($20), resulting in $240. The average inventory level is half of the order quantity (50 batteries), so the holding cost is calculated by multiplying the average inventory level by the holding cost per unit ($28 * 0.3 * 50), which equals $420. Therefore, the total inventory cost is the sum of the ordering cost and the holding cost, totaling $660.
b. The economic order quantity (EOQ) can be calculated using the formula EOQ = √((2DS)/H), where D represents the annual demand (1,200 batteries), S represents the ordering cost ($20), and H represents the holding cost per unit ($28 * 0.3). After plugging in the values, the EOQ is approximately 49 batteries.
c. The number of orders per year using the EOQ can be calculated by dividing the annual demand by the EOQ (1,200/49), resulting in approximately 24.5 orders. Since the number of orders must be a whole number, the supplier will place 24 orders per year.
d. The duration between each order can be determined by dividing the number of working days in a year (250) by the number of orders per year (24), resulting in approximately 10.42 days between each order.
e. Using the EOQ of 49 batteries, the ordering cost is calculated as 24 orders per year multiplied by the order cost ($20), totaling $480. The average inventory level is half of the EOQ (24.5 batteries), so the holding cost is determined by multiplying the average inventory level by the holding cost per unit ($28 * 0.3 * 24.5), which equals $199.50. Therefore, the total inventory cost for the EOQ is the sum of the ordering cost and the holding cost, totaling $679.50.
f. Comparing the current order quantity with the EOQ, we observe changes in the ordering cost, holding cost, and total inventory cost. The ordering cost has decreased from $240 to $480, while the holding cost has slightly increased from $420 to $199.50. Consequently, the total inventory cost has increased from $660 to $679.50.
In summary, by implementing the economic order quantity (EOQ), the supplier can optimize the order quantity, resulting in a higher number of orders per year but with smaller order sizes. This adjustment reduces the ordering cost but slightly increases the holding cost, leading to a slightly higher total inventory cost compared to the current order quantity.
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Find the effective Federal Funds Rate for the last month in the most recent quarter end. Calculate the difference between the effective rate and the Taylor Rule Target. Interpret the Fed’s actions
The Fed's actions suggest that it is willing to tolerate a higher inflation rate in order to keep interest rates low and encourage borrowing.
The Federal Funds Rate (FFR) is a term used to describe the rate at which banks lend money to each other overnight to meet reserve requirements. It is a key indicator of the strength of the US economy, and the Federal Reserve Bank uses it to regulate the supply of money in circulation by adjusting interest rates. According to the latest quarterly data, the effective Federal Funds Rate for the last month was 0.07 percent.
The Taylor Rule Target rate is calculated based on the inflation rate and potential GDP. The formula used to calculate it is as follows: Taylor Rule Target = Inflation rate + Potential GDP + (0.5 x Inflation rate) + (0.5 x Output gap)Using the most recent data available, the inflation rate was 1.4 percent and the potential GDP was 1.5 percent.
The output gap, on the other hand, was -3.5 percent. Plugging these numbers into the formula, we get a Taylor Rule Target rate of -0.75 percent. The difference between the effective rate and the Taylor Rule Target is thus 0.82 percent. This difference indicates that the Federal Reserve Bank is trying to stimulate the economy by keeping the interest rates low, as the actual rate is higher than the Taylor Rule Target.
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What are some Short and Long term corporate social responsibility goals for these 4 stakeholders, The company is Bell Canada
Investors, Suppliers, Employees, Consumers.
Bell Canada, as a socially responsible company, has developed short-term and long-term goals for each of its stakeholders, which are discussed below: Short-term goals for investors: Bell Canada's short-term goals for investors include providing accurate financial information, regular earnings updates, and maintaining consistent dividend payouts.
Additionally, they should ensure that investors receive adequate and timely disclosures about the company's operations and plans.
Long-term goals for investors: Bell Canada's long-term goals for investors include sustainable growth, enhancing shareholder value, and ensuring responsible financial management.Short-term goals for suppliers: Bell Canada's short-term goals for suppliers include improving supply chain management, streamlining processes to reduce costs, and enhancing communication and collaboration between suppliers and the company.
Long-term goals for suppliers: Bell Canada's long-term goals for suppliers include developing strong and sustainable supplier relationships, promoting sustainable sourcing, and creating a transparent and accountable supply chain.Short-term goals for employees: Bell Canada's short-term goals for employees include promoting work-life balance, providing adequate compensation and benefits, and creating a safe and healthy work environment. Long-term goals for employees: Bell Canada's long-term goals for employees include promoting diversity and inclusion, providing ample growth opportunities, and investing in employee training and development.
Short-term goals for consumers: Bell Canada's short-term goals for consumers include improving customer service, providing affordable pricing, and enhancing product quality.Long-term goals for consumers: Bell Canada's long-term goals for consumers include promoting environmental sustainability, creating new and innovative products and services, and ensuring that customers' data privacy is protected.
Overall, Bell Canada's CSR goals align with its commitment to sustainability, ethical business practices, and stakeholder engagement. These goals will help Bell Canada achieve long-term success by enhancing its reputation, attracting new customers and investors, and improving the quality of life for all of its stakeholders.
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Part 1: Analyze the percentage of value-added and non-value-added activities. Show your work. Part 2: After thoroughly reviewing all the activities, you realize you cannot eliminate any of the non-value-added activities. List three plans for reducing the monetary impact of the non-value-added activities. Quality Control Activities Activity Cost Classification Design engineering $ 75,000.00 Value-added Disposing of rejected materials $ 170,000.00 Non-value-added Finished goods inspection $ 125,000.00 Value-added Materials inspection $ 70,000.00 Value-added Preventive maintenance $ 125,000.00 Value-added Processing returned materials $ 135,000.00 Non-value-added Disposing of scrap $ 215,000.00 Non-value-added Assessing vendor quality $ 35,000.00 Value-added Rework $ 410,000.00 Non-value-added Warranty work $ 275,000.00 Non-value-added Total activity cost $ 1,635,000.00
Part 1: Analyze the percentage of value-added and non-value-added activities.
Show your work. Value-added activities = $75,000 (design engineering) + $125,000 (finished goods inspection) + $70,000 (materials inspection) + $125,000 (preventive maintenance) + $35,000 (assessing vendor quality) = $430,000
Non-value-added activities = $170,000 (disposing of rejected materials) + $135,000 (processing returned materials) + $215,000 (disposing of scrap) + $410,000 (rework) + $275,000 (warranty work) = $1,205,000 Percentage of value-added activities = Value-added activities/Total activity cost * 100 = $430,000/$1,635,000 * 100 = 26.3% Percentage of non-value-added activities = Non-value-added activities/Total activity cost * 100 = $1,205,000/$1,635,000 * 100 = 73.7%
Part 2: After thoroughly reviewing all the activities, you realize you cannot eliminate any of the non-value-added activities. List three plans for reducing the monetary impact of the non-value-added activities. The three plans for reducing the monetary impact of non-value-added activities are as follows:1. Automate processes: One of the best ways to reduce non-value-added activities is to automate processes. This means reducing manual work, which will result in reduced labor costs.2. Adopt lean methodologies: Lean methodologies help to identify the activities that contribute to waste and minimize them, thereby reducing the monetary impact of non-value-added activities.3. Cross-train employees: When employees are cross-trained, they become more versatile and can perform more tasks, thus reducing the need for additional employees, which will help to reduce costs.
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If opportunity costs are constant, then A. the production possibilities curve does not exist. B. the production possibilities curve is a negatively sloped straight line. C. factors of production must not be fully employed. D. the production possibilities curve bows outward.
If opportunity costs are constant, then the production possibilities curve is a negatively sloped straight line. This results in a bowed out shape of the PPC.
If opportunity costs are constant, then the production possibilities curve is a negatively sloped straight line. A production possibilities curve (PPC) is a graphical representation of the possible combinations of two goods that an economy can produce with a set of given factors of production (e.g. labor and capital) and a given level of technology. If opportunity costs are constant, then the slope of the PPC will be constant and the PPC will be a straight line. If opportunity costs are not constant, then the slope of the PPC will change as we move along the curve.
Opportunity cost is the value of the best alternative that is foregone when a particular option is chosen. It is the cost of the forgone output of one good in terms of the forgone output of another good. The production possibilities curve (PPC) is a graphical representation of the possible combinations of two goods that an economy can produce with a set of given factors of production and a given level of technology. The slope of the PPC is negative, indicating that there is an inverse relationship between the production of two goods. The slope of the PPC is determined by the opportunity cost of one good in terms of the other good. Opportunity costs can be constant or changing. If opportunity costs are constant, then the slope of the PPC will be constant and the PPC will be a negatively sloped straight line. This means that the opportunity cost of one good in terms of the other good remains the same at every point on the PPC. If opportunity costs are not constant, then the slope of the PPC will change as we move along the curve. This results in a bowed out shape of the PPC. The bowed out shape of the PPC indicates that the opportunity cost of one good in terms of the other good is increasing as we move along the curve. The PPC can shift outward due to an increase in the quantity or quality of factors of production or an increase in technology.
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Indlabeyiphika (Pty) Ltd makes and sells a single product, namely product Dee. Budgeted sales of product Dee for the first two months of the second half of 2022 financial year are as follows:
July 21 000 units
August 21 750 units
The company wants to maintain a monthly closing inventory to 20% of the following month's sales. On 30 June 2022,3 750 units of Product Dee are expected to be on hand. The company wants to prepare production budget for the period. The total budgeted production of Product Dee for July amounts to
A. 21 000 units
B. 24 750 units
C. 21 600 units
D. 17 400 units
The total budgeted production of Product Dee for July is 24,750 units (option B).
To calculate the budgeted production for July, we need to consider the desired closing inventory for August. The company wants to maintain a closing inventory of 20% of the following month's sales. In this case, the sales for August are budgeted to be 21,750 units. Therefore, the desired closing inventory for August would be 20% of 21,750, which is 4,350 units.
To calculate the production for July, we need to consider the expected closing inventory on June 30th. The given information states that 3,750 units are expected to be on hand on June 30th. Therefore, the required production for July would be the sum of the desired closing inventory for August (4,350 units) and the expected closing inventory on June 30th (3,750 units), which equals 8,100 units.
Adding the required production for July (8,100 units) to the budgeted sales for July (21,000 units) gives us a total budgeted production of 24,750 units for Product Dee in July (option B).
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1. What is the national spending identity?
a. Y= C+I-G+X-M
b. Y= C+I+G+X-M
c. Y= wages+ profits+rent+ interest rates
d. None of the above
2. What defines the "rules of the game" that structure economic incentives?
a. Institutions
b. Written laws exclusively
c. Lawyers
d. Sovereign authority
3. Using the Solow Model, suppose the initial depreciation is 0.02 and it increases to 0.10. You would expect the level of steady state capital and output to
a. Increase
d. Drop
c. Remain the same
d. None of the above
4. Which of the following does NOT lead to economic growth?
a. Property Rights
b. A dependable legal system
c. Political instability
d. Competitive and open markets
5. The U.S. GDP in 2008 was $14,291.5 billion, and the previous year the GDP was $14,028.7 billion.
What was the rate of growth in GDP from 2007 to 2008?
a. Approximately 1.87%
b. Approximately 3.45%
c. Approximately 2.5%
d. Approximately 3.7%
1. The national spending identity is: Y = C + I + G + (X-M).Option (b) is the correct answer.
Y = C + I + G + (X-M) is the national spending identity.2. The "rules of the game" that structure economic incentives are defined by institutions. Thus, option (a) is the correct answer.3. With the Solow Model, if the initial depreciation is 0.02 and it increases to 0.10, then you would expect the level of steady-state capital and output to drop. Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.4. Political instability does not lead to economic growth. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.5. We can calculate the rate of growth in GDP using the formula:Rate of growth = (New value - Old value) / Old value x 100%Substituting the values, we getRate of growth = (14291.5 - 14028.7) / 14028.7 x 100% = 1.17% approx.≈ 1.87%Option (a) is the correct answer.
The national spending identity is Y= C+I+G+ (X-M) and institutions define the "rules of the game" that structure economic incentives. In the Solow Model, the level of steady-state capital and output will drop if the initial depreciation increases from 0.02 to 0.10. Economic growth is not caused by political instability. Finally, the rate of growth in GDP from 2007 to 2008 was approximately 1.87%.
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