Classical conditioning is based on involuntary responses, and operant conditioning produces voluntary behaviors.
A response or action that occurs without conscious thought or will, such as "the giggles" or a sneeze, is described as being involuntary. It is optional if you volunteered to do it. It's not voluntary if you find yourself doing it despite not wanting to.
Unwilling action is a behavior that a person cannot control, such as reflexes or convulsions, or that is not conscious of their actions.
Both voluntary and forced sleep occurs. When we are not sleeping, or are just about to fall asleep, it is voluntary and controlled by the cerebrum. However, involuntary when we are asleep when the cerebellum is active and the brain is quiescent.
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Explain the role of the ca ions as the endpoint of action potential and vesicle release
The role of the calcium ions during an action potential the calcium causes the release of acetylcholine.
Cellular physiology and biochemistry of organisms are influenced by calcium ions (Ca2+). They are essential for neurotransmitter release from neurons, all forms of muscle cell contraction, fertilization, and signal transduction pathways where they function as a second messenger. Many enzymes, including several of the coagulation factors, require calcium ions as a cofactor. In order to maintain the potential difference across excitable cell membranes and to ensure normal bone development, extracellular calcium is also crucial. RDAs for calcium were established by the American Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 1997, and they were revised in 2011.
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Increasing the mean difference between groups will ______ the likelihood of finding a significant p value from a t test
Increasing the mean difference between groups will increase the likelihood of finding a significant p value from a t test.
In statistics, in addition to the mode and median, the mean is one of the measures of central tendency. Simply said, the mean is the average of the values in the given collection. It indicates that values in a certain data collection are distributed equally. The three most often employed measures of central tendency are the mean, median, and mode. The total values provided in a datasheet must be added, and the sum must be divided by the total number of values in order to get the mean.
When all of the values are organised in ascending order, the Median is the median value of the provided data. While the number in the list that is repeated a maximum of times is the mode.
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Joshua is currently consuming the optimal (utility-maximizing) quantities of tuna and ham when the price of tuna suddenly decreases. how will he respond to this price change?
Joshua is currently consuming the optimal (utility-maximizing) quantities of tuna and ham when the price of tuna suddenly decreases. He will respond to this price change by increasing the consumption of tuna as his purchasing power will increase.
Whenever the price of a commodity is decreased, it increases the purchasing power of the consumer and hence the consumer will increase the demand of the goods as well. The consumer will be able to save more money as their expenses are reduced.
According to the law of demand and supply, demand and supply are related to each other and also affect the price of the commodity. The price tend to increase when the supply is lower than the demand and the price tend to increase when the supply exceeds the demand.
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Apes first appear in europe and asia from about ________ mya.
a) 10
b) 12
c) 6
d) 17
According to the "sociological imagination," social problems can best be solved by _____
What traffic shaping policy option determines the max number of kilobits per second to allow across a port when it is sending a burst of traffic?
Peak bandwidth traffic shaping policy determines the max number of kilobits per second to allow across a port when it is sending a burst of traffic.
Peak bandwidth usage means the amount of internet access bandwidth used by customer in excess of committed bandwidth each month, if any. IBM will measure Peak Bandwidth usage by sampling the inbound and outbound data traffic volume between the IBM e-business hosting centre and the internet at five-minute intervals.
The five percent (5%) of such samples with the highest data traffic volume will be discarded, and of remaining, the sample with the highest data traffic volume will be charged as peak bandwidth usage for the month.
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True or false: rather than being a relatively modern development, women have been writing plays as early as the tenth century and were successfully produced during the english restoration
Rather than being a relatively modern development, women have been writing plays as early as the tenth century and were successfully produced during the english restoration is a true statement.
A play is a series of actions by performers on a stage where they tell a story through their words and actions with an audience present .Women have always been part of play writing as far as 10th century, nut they were becoming notable around 12th-century with woman like courtly writer Marie de France .
In 14th-century also, the likes of Margery Kempe came to light as a play writter, however some of this work by some women were successfully produced during the English Restoration.
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When the governor of arkansas and, later, an angry mob of citizens attempted to prevent the court-ordered racial integration of a high school in little rock, president eisenhower responded by:_______
When the governor of Arkansas and, later, an angry mob of citizens attempted to prevent the court-ordered racial integration of a high school in little rock, President Eisenhower responded by sending federal troops to uphold the court order.
Eisenhower, the president, was he?
Eisenhower initiated the space race, continued the New Deal and Fair Deal policies, and started the interstate highway program during his presidency. He oversaw the beginning of desegregation in public schools in the US.
"There must be no second-class people in this nation," Eisenhower commanded in addition to ordering the complete desegregation of the American armed forces.
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A shield volcano has a lower slope angle than a strato (composite) volcano because ________
What did alice proctor do in henricus that was considered heroic by the early english settlers?
For three weeks, Alice led a heroic defense against the ongoing Powhatan attacks until she was forcibly removed by militia with orders from Governor Wyatt to relocate survivors downriver.
Powhatan War (1622–44), was a constant struggle between the Powhatan Indian Confederacy and early English settlers in the intertidal zone of southern Maryland. The conflict has led to the destruction of India's power.
The Indian Massacre of 1622 was an attack by the tribe of Powhatan Union leader Opchanakanow (l. 1554-1646) and his brother Opichapam (d. c. 1630) on settlements in the colony, killing 347 settlers. the person
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Greg grew up in and lives in a rural area. he’s very comfortable selling that type of property and knows he can work well with clients in that area. what property type will be his specialty?
Greg grew up in and lives in a rural area. he’s very comfortable selling that type of property and knows he can work well with clients in that area .Agricultural will be his specialty
The science, art, or practice of tilling the soil, producing crops, raising livestock, and, to varying degrees, the processing, and marketing of the products that result from clearing land for agriculture.
Agricultural production includes the following activities: factories; growing and harvesting crops; raising, feeding, and rearing animals. Aquaculture: Breeding of aquatic animals (fish) for domestic use Floriculture: Cultivation of flowers.
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8. Moreland argues for the view that a personal explanation . . . A. consists entirely in providing a mechanistic explanation. B. consists entirely in providing a neural explanation. C. consists in providing no explanation because persons are not real. D. All of the above E. None of the above
It consists entirely in providing a neural explanation. J.P.Moreland argues that existence of finite , irreducible consciousness , regular ,law with physical states provides evidence for the existence of god.
J.P.Moreland argues is professor of philosophy. According to him "the existence of god is the best explanation for finite consciousness in creatures such as humans and various animals. finite consciousness provides strong evidence that god exists. part of my defense will involved."
His argue about the consciousness and the existence of god. He analyzed and criticizes the top representative of rival approaches to explaining he origin of consciousness. Then he conclude that these approaches should be rejected in favor of what he call "the argument from consciousness."
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The two kinds of order effects that are associated with the passage of time are:_______
The two types of order effects that are associated with the path of time are practice and fatigue effects.
What is a fatigue effect?A reduction in performance on a long or requiring research task that is typically attributed to the party evolving tired or bored with the task. There are three classes of fatigue: transient, cumulative, and circadian.
What are practice effects?Practice effects, described as advancements in cognitive test performance due to duplicated exposure to the test materials, have traditionally been considered as sources of error. However, they might provide useful data for foreshadowing cognitive outcome.
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In the u.s. today, almost __________ million people claim full or partial italian ancestry.
In the US today, almost 17.8 million people claim full or partial Italian ancestry.
According to the estimate, 17.2 million Americans (or nearly 6% of the country's total population) claim Italian ancestry, compared to 4% and 3%, respectively, in Canada and Australia. And these are merely the principal geographical locations where Italian oriundi are to be found.
Given that Italy respects jure sanguinis, you can claim citizenship through ancestry (by the bloodline). You must, however, demonstrate that your Italian ancestor was, in fact, a citizen of Italy or had the legal capacity to do so at the time of their birth.
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What involves stimulation of certain regions of the brain with magnetic impulses of various frequencies?
Transcranial magnetic stimulation of certain regions of the brain with magnetic impulses of various frequencies.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a type of brain stimulation therapy. It’s a noninvasive treatment that uses electromagnetic pulses to stimulate nerve cells, which may improve symptoms of neurological or mental health disorders. TMS is mainly used to treat depression. It’s had success helping people who don’t respond to antidepressant medication and psychotherapy.
Not only does transcranial magnetic stimulation repair damaged neurons in the prefrontal cortex. It also increases serotonin production.
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A cell needs to take up k ions, the concentration of na outside the cell is 100 ppm, and inside the cell it is 75 ppm. which type of transport will it use?
The correct option C.
Active Transport
what is active transport in a cell?The term "active transport" refers to the movement of molecules against a gradient or other type of resistance, such as moving from a region with lower to higher charge. Cells use active transport to store essential substances like amino acids and glucose.
What is active transport and examples?High concentrations of substances the cell needs, like ions, glucose, and amino acids, are typically accumulated during active transport. Active transport examples include the uptake of glucose in human intestines and the uptake of mineral ions into plant root hair cells.
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I understand that the question you are looking for is :
A cell needs to take up K+ ions, the concentration of Na+ outside the cell is 100 ppm, and inside the cell it is 75 ppm. Which type of transport will it use?
A. Particle Transport
B. Active Transport
C. Passive Transport
D. Phospholipid Regulated Transport
In encouraging stan to rewrite his story, dr. corey is asking him to move past his _____ story.
In encouraging stan to rewrite his story, dr. corey is asking him to move past his previous story.
In the instance of Stan, it is clear that during his early years, both his experiences and feelings toward his parents were not particularly positive. Within the framework of the six sessions held, this will also need to be corrected.
In order to best assist Stan, Classer's Choice Theory should be taken into consideration. All of us do is behave from the moment we are born till the moment we pass away.
Experiences within the family and connections with others have influenced Stan's way of life.
Dr. Corey and Stan talk about Stan's response to spilling the drink on his date, and Dr. Corey emphasizes that the incident did not directly cause the result. This demonstrates a fundamental principle of cognitive therapy.
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Government regulation is intended to
A. encourage producers to take negative actions.
B. discourage producers from taking harmful actions.
C. encourage producers to follow the Constitution.
D. discourage producers from making a profit.
Government regulation is planned to B. discourage producers from taking harmful actions.
What is the main objective of government regulation?
The objective of much federal regulation is to provide protection, either to someone's or to the environment. Whether the topic is environmental preservation, safety and health in the home or workplace, or consumption of goods and services, restrictions can have far reaching effects.
What are the results of government regulation?
Such regulations can limit corruption, increase worker safety, discourage unfair business methods, and contribute in many other ways to a safer, healthier, more productive, and more equitable community.
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ent. 4. There are challenges on achieving the targets. set by Sustainable Development Goals. How can Nepal achieve them?suggest any four strategies.
The Sustainable Development Goals or Global Goals exist as a grouping of 17 interlinked global goals developed to be a "shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for individuals and the planet, now and into the future".
What is Sustainable Development Goals?The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also understood as the Global Goals were assumed by the United Nations in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, rescue the planet, and provide that by 2030 all individuals enjoy peace and prosperity.
The Sustainable Development Goals or Global Goals exist as a grouping of 17 interlinked global goals developed to be a "shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for individuals and the planet, now and into the future". The SDGs existed to set up in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly and stand intended to be completed by 2030. For sustainable development to be performed, it stands crucial to harmonize three core components: economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection. These elements exist interconnected and all are necessary for the well-being of individuals and societies.
Nepal believes the greatest threat to sustainable development exists in poverty, which has even been a key source of many battles. Rich nations must assist poor nations in eradicating poverty via capacity building, employment generation, and investment in instruction, health, and drinking water.
Nepal has halved extreme poverty (SDG 1) in the past 15 years and exists on track to get it down to less than 5 percent by 2030. SDG 2 targets contain the decrease in the prevalence of undernourishment to 3 percent and the prevalence of underweight kids under five years of age to 5 percent by 2030.
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Primary reinforcers are important for ______________________ and do not require ________.
Primary reinforcers are important for survival and do not require prior experience.
Primary reinforcers are present in nature and don't need learning or past experience. The essential necessities of life, including as water, food, sleep, air, and sex, are examples of primary reinforcers, also known as unconditioned reinforcers. Because they are biological and essential to survival, primary reinforcements are powerful. They frequently work better than additional reinforcers.
An illustration of a primary reinforcer is giving a dog a cookie as a reward for turning over. Thorndike and Skinner claim that withholding a primary reinforcer, such food, until a behaviour is carried out would dramatically boost that behaviour in the animal. A child's contentious behaviour will worsen if they are given a toy or treat after throwing a tantrum.
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The ________ clause in the u.s. constitution affirms that national laws and treaties are the supreme law of the lan
The Supremacy Clause in the u.s. constitution affirms that national laws and treaties are the supreme law of the land.
What is Supremacy Clause?The Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution specifies that the Constitution, federal laws established pursuant to it, and treaties made under its authority constitute the "supreme Law of the Land," and so take precedence over any conflicting state laws.
Supremacy Clause Examples: State vs. State A has passed legislation stating that "no resident may sell blue soda pop anyplace in the state." The federal government, on the other hand, has enacted the "Anti-Blue Sales Discrimination Act," which prohibits activities that discriminate against the hue of items sold.
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Xie, who just turned two years old, is developing in a healthy and normal way. xie’s parents will now find that:________
Xie's parents realized that he turned two years old and is developing in a healthy and normal way but will now find out that Xie's growth rate will begin to slow down in early childhood.
Early childhood is divided into a number of developmental milestone-marked life phases. Although we acknowledge the significance of high-quality prenatal care in early childhood outcomes, we define early childhood here as the time from birth to age eight.
The process by which a child changes over time is known as child development. It spans the entire time from a person's conception till they are an adult capable of making their own decisions. Going from complete dependency to complete freedom is a journey.
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Maryland sponsoring broker sandrine has five salespersons working under her supervision. whose license must be displayed in the brokerage office?
Maryland sponsoring broker Sandrine has five salespersons working under her supervision, in the brokerage office the licenses of the salesperson must be retained and only Sandrine needs to display her license.
A broker is a person or business that stands between a potential investor and a securities exchange. A company serving as a customer's agent and receiving payment from the customer in the form of a commission is known as a broker.
Brokers are compensated with fees and commissions for every action you do on their platform, such placing a trade. Other brokers make money either by betting against traders to maintain their losses or by marking up the value of the assets you can trade with them.
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What was the most notable asset of the crusader army that travelled to the holy land in 1096?
The religious zeal of its members was the most notable asset of the crusader army that travelled to the holy land in 1096.
Who are Crusades?The Latin Church in the Middle Ages began, encouraged, and at times even led a series of religious conflicts known as the Crusades.The most well-known of these Crusades took place in the Holy Land between the years of 1095 and 1291 with the goal of freeing Jerusalem and the surrounding region from Islamic authority.Crusades also refer to concurrent military campaigns against the Moors in the Iberian Peninsula (the Reconquista) and the pagan West Slavic, Baltic, and Finnic peoples in northern Europe (the Northern Crusades).Other church-approved crusades were waged during the 15th century in order to oppose paganism and heresy, the Ottoman Empire, and for political purposes. Common citizens frequently participated in Popular Crusades, which were not authorized by the church.To Learn more about Crusades with the given link
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What effect did the immigration act of 1965 have on immigration from mexico? check all of the boxes that apply.
The elimination of the quota system made it easier for Asians to immigrate and more difficult for Latin Americans to immigrate.
This law put an end to the longstanding domestic quotas that favored those from northern and western Europe. This law put an end to the longstanding domestic quotas that favored those from northern and western Europe.
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 created her seven-tier priority system that gave priority to relatives and children of U.S. citizens and legal permanent residents, professionals and other persons with special skills, and refugees. did.
The Immigration and Naturalization Act is federal immigration law. Also known as the Hart-Seller Act, this act eliminated domestic quotas that limited the number of individuals from certain countries who could immigrate to the United States.
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Cabinet members have two major jobs. in one, they are advisors; in the other, they are__________.
Cabinet members have two major jobs. in one, they are advisors; in the other, they each serves as the executive department's administrative leader.
The Vice President, the Secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs, as well as the Attorney General, make up the Cabinet.
The US Cabinet's responsibility is to advise the President on a variety of issues pertaining to their different positions. Each department's secretaries are required to give the President direct advice in any capacity the President may need. The departments report directly to the President, although they have no independent authority. They are in charge of delivering specific orders that address the needs of the American people.
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Water loss due to evaporation of fluid that has penetrated through the skin is called ________ perspiration.
Water loss due to evaporation of fluid that has penetrated through the skin is called insensible perspiration.
What is insensible perspiration?Insensible perspiration is water loss via the skin that does not appear as perceptible sweat. Insensible perspiration occurs at a nearly constant pace and represents evaporative loss from the skin's epithelial cells. In contrast to sweating, the fluid lost is pure water; no solutes are lost.
As a result, insensible sweating occurs from both the skin (trans-epithelial) and the respiratory tract.
Sensible perspiration. sweat gland. sweating. insensible perspiration. eccrine perspiration.
The amount of water lost in this manner is estimated to be 400ml each day. According to some sources, insensible perspiration includes not only water lost via the skin, but also water lost through the respiratory tract epithelium, which is around 400ml each day.
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When you see an emergency vehicle parked, stopped, or standing with its emergency or hazard lights activated on a highway or parkway, you should:______.
When you see an emergency vehicle parked, stopped, or standing with its emergency or hazard lights activated on a highway or parkway, you should change lanes to leave the vehicle sufficient space.
What are hazard lights?Each pair of hazard lights on a vehicle indicates that it is stationary, slowing down, or reversing.When your vehicle becomes a possible hazard to other road users, turn on your hazard lights. It's normally acceptable to have your hazards on if you're parked on the side of the road changing a tire. Your automobile has broken down and you are awaiting a tow truck.If you pull up behind an emergency vehicle, tow truck, or roadside assistance vehicle with hazard lights, you must change lanes to give the vehicle enough room.As it is given in the description itself, if you pull up behind an emergency vehicle, tow truck, or roadside assistance vehicle with hazard lights, you must change lanes to give the vehicle enough room.
Therefore, when you see an emergency vehicle parked, stopped, or standing with its emergency or hazard lights activated on a highway or parkway, you should change lanes to leave the vehicle sufficient space.
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The _______ is the brain’s ""executive center"" and facilitates planning and rational decision-making
The role of dopamine is the brain’s "executive center" and facilitates planning and rational decision-making.
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter made in the brain. It serves as a 'reward center' and plays a role in many bodily functions, including memory, movement, motivation, mood, attention, and more.
The dopaminergic system plays an important role in Neuroregulation such as motor control, motivation, reward, cognitive function, and maternal and reproductive behavior.
Dopamine communicates with brain cells, prompting them to act in pleasurable, exciting, and euphoric ways. dopamine's excitability is also one of the reasons chemical messengers keep us motivated. dopamine influences our behavior by stimulating brain cells to take on certain behaviors.
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A child born into a traditional croatian family will use different terms to refer to their mother’s brother and father’s brother as a reflection of the:___.
A child born into a traditional Croatian family will use different terms to refer to their mother's brother and father's brother as a reflection of the different roles that these uncles play in a child's life based on an earlier agricultural lifestyle. This is further explained below.
What is an agricultural lifestyle?Generally, is any community in which the production of crops and the upkeep of farms constitute the primary economic activities. The percentage of a nation's total output that is contributed by its agricultural sector is yet another criterion that may be used to identify an agrarian civilization.
In conclusion, A kid who is brought into a traditional Croatian household will use separate phrases to refer to their mother's brother and their father's brother. This is because of the distinct responsibilities that these uncles play in the life of a child, which stem from an older agrarian way of life.
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