The classification of each of the following diatomic species as ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent is given below:
Br₂ - nonpolar covalentCsBr - ionicNaCl - ionicCaO - ionicHCl - polar covalentO₂ - nonpolar covalentKF - ionicHBr - polar covalentWhat are diatomic species?Diatomic species are species that are composed of two atoms alone which may be the same or different atoms.
When the two atoms of a diatomic species are of the same element, the species formed is a molecule of the element.
When the two atoms of a diatomic species are of different elements, the species formed is a molecule of a compound.
The nature of the given diatomic species is determined by the atoms present in the diatomic species.
If the atoms have similar electronegativities, a non-polar covalent species are formed.
If the atoms have different electronegativities, polar covalent species or ionic species are formed.
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you have a 50/50 mixture of fluorene and aniline dissolved at high concentration in methylene chloride. (aniline, aka aminobenzene, aka phenylamine, aka a benzene with an nh2 on it). what solvent should you use to extract most of the aniline out of this mixture?
The Hydrochloric acid is used as the solvent taht can cut the Aniline from the Flourine mixture that has highest concentration of methylene chloride.
In order to take away aniline from the combination, you could upload an aqueous answer of HCl to transform it to its protonated shape which complements its solubility with water. Upon addition of the acid, you'll be aware that layers could be formed.
The natural layer consists of natural naphthalene at the same time as the aqueous layer consists of the ammonium ion of aniline. To isolate aniline, the acidic answer may be basified observed via way of means of the addition of ether to extract the impartial aniline into the natural solvent Aniline is separated from combination via way of means of steam distillation due to the fact it's far unstable on the temperature of steam and is immiscible with water.
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draw the carboxylic acid product of the acid hydrolysis of methanamide, shown here.
The hydrolysis of the amide will give carboxylic acid and amine.
the reaction will occur in presence of acid
A carboxyl functional group is found in an organic molecule known as a carboxylic acid. Both in nature and man-made synthetically, they are extensively present. Deprotonation of carboxylic acids results in the formation of a carboxylate anion with the general formula R-COO-, which can result in a number of useful salts, including soaps.
A carboxylic acid is an organic acid in organic chemistry that has a carboxyl group joined to an R-group. An alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other group is denoted by the prefix R in the usual formula of a carboxylic acid, which is RCOOH or RCO2H. There are numerous carboxylic acids.
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How many atoms are in 15.6 grams of silicon? a.0.555 b. 3.34 x 10^23 c.2.64x10^26 d.438
3.66 1023 atoms are present. In 15.6 grams of silicon, there are 3.66 10 23 atoms.
Similar to this, one mole of silicon still comprises 6.022 1023 silicon atoms for one gram of silicon with an atomic weight of 28 grams. As a result, 1 mole of silicon will weigh 28.0855 g and contain 6.022 x 1023 atoms. Therefore, 3.5 grams of silicon contain 7. 505 x 1022 atoms. 3.66 1023 atoms are present. In 15.6 grams of silicon, there are 3.66 10 23 atoms.
The equation is not too complicated. The formula for how many atoms there are in a volume of ANY material is: # of atoms = N * (density) * volume / The value of N, often known as Avogadro's number, is 6.022*1023 atoms/mole.
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if i takes 35.04 ml of a 0.2455 m naoh solution to neutralize 25.00 ml of an unknown hcl solution, what is the molarity of the hcl solution
The molarity of HCl = 0.3441
the reaction between NaOH and HCl is
NaOH+ HCl → NaCl+ H2O
the stoichiometry of the reaction states that 1 mole of NaOH combines with 1 mole of HCl to reach the equivalence point
moles of NaOH= moles of HCl
moles = molarity.* volume. in liters. 1000ml= 1L
moles of NaOH= 0.2455 moles/liter* 35.04ml*1L/1000ml
let M= molarity of HCl, moles of HCl= M*25/1000
equating moles of NaOH and HCl
0.2455*35.04/1000 = M*25/1000
M= 0.2455*35.04/25= 0.3441M
molarity of HCl =0.3441
The phrase "molar concentration" (also known as "molarity," "amount concentration," or "substance concentration") refers to the amount of a substance per unit volume of solution and is used to describe the concentration of a chemical species, specifically a solute, in a solution. The most frequent measure of molarity in chemistry is the number of moles per liter, denoted by the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm3 in SI units. A solution with a concentration of 1 mol/L is referred to as being 1 molar, or 1 M. Molar concentration or molarity is most frequently expressed in units of moles of solute per liter of solution[1]. For use in broader applications, it is defined as the amount of substance of solute per unit volume of solution, or per unit volume available.
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hbro4 ionic or molecular
Please note that all of these elements are non-metals: h, b, r, o, i.As a result, it will be a molecular molecule, and this first component just so happens being an acid.
How can you tell if something is molecular or ionic?Ionic bonding will typically be present in compounds where a metal is bound to either a quasi or a semi-metal.
Why is HBr a molecule rather than an ion?Because the electronegativity of the bromine atom is significantly higher than that of the hydrogen atom, electrons are (somewhat) more attracted to it.
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Why is 22.4 liters called the molar volume of a gas?
The volume of one mole of a gas at STP is its molar volume. A mole (6.02 1023 typical particles) of any gas takes up 22.4 L at STP.
The volume appears numerous times in this formula, which makes it a little challenging. At standard conditions of pressure and temperature, molar volume is constant (RTP). The constant is 24 dm3. The gas volume, however, varies depending on the sample that is being measured.
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Acetylsalicylic acid, better known as aspirin, has the Lewis structure (a) What are the approximate values of the bond angles labeled 1, 2, and 3? (b) What hybrid orbitals are used about the central atom of each of these angles? (c) How many σ bonds are in the molecule?
a) Approximate values of the bond angles labeled is 2
b) 120 degree sp2 hybridized carbon, 109.5 degree sp3 hybridized oxygen c) total 21 sigma bonds.
Sigma bonds are the strongest kind of covalent chemical bonding in chemistry. They are made when atomic orbitals directly overlap one another, according to. Using symmetry group terminology and tools, sigma bonding is most easily explained for diatomic molecules. According to this formal method, rotation about the bond axis is symmetrical for a -bond. S+s, pz+pz, s+pz, and dz2+dz2 are examples of common sigma bonds according to this description (where z is defined as the axis of the bond or the internuclear axis). Molecular orbitals (MO) with the same symmetry are also predicted to mix or hybridize according to quantum theory. The wavefunctions of the molecular orbitals s+s and pz+pz merge as a practical result of this mixing of diatomic molecules.
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which of the following facts is not true about lipids? group of answer choices more double bonds, increase in melting point sparingly soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents act as thermal insulators solubility decreases with increasing carbon chain length
Fatty acids are present in all lipids. Choice (d) is the claim that is untrue: "All lipids contain fatty acids."
What qualities do lipids have?Fatty, waxy, or oily molecules are referred to as lipids. They are soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in polar solvents like water. Lipids consist of: Oils and fats (triglycerides)
Lipids are they soluble in oil?Lipids are a type of chemical molecules that are found in both plants and animals and are naturally soluble in non-polar solvents. In other words, lipids don't dissolve in water; instead, they do so in solvents like oil, gasoline, ether, and carbon tetrachloride.
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what reagents are needed to convert (s)-3-methyl-3-phenylpentaoic acid to (s)-3-methyl-3-phenylpetanamine
1. SOCl2/pyridine
2. NH3
3. LiAlH4
4. H2O
SOCl2/pyridine is added to (S)-3-methyl-3-phenylpentanoic acid first in order to convert it to (5)-3-methyl-3-phenylpentanamine.
The carbonyl carbon is then reduced to an alkane by adding NH3 after which LiAlH4 is added. The mechanism is finished by the addition of water, which causes the product to form.
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classify each acid as strong or weak. if the acid is weak, write an expression for the acid ionization constant (ka). a. hf b. hcho2 c. h2so4 d. h2co3
The classification of each acid as strong or weak is as; (a) HF = weak acid, (b) HCHO₂ = weak acid, (c) H₂SO₄ = strong acid, and (d) H₂CO₃ = weak acid.
The strength and the Ka values for the given acids are as follows.
a) HF (weak acid).
Ka value of HF = 6.6 × 10⁻⁴
b) HCOOH (weak acid).
Ka value of HCOOH = 1.8 × 10⁻⁴
c) H₂SO₄ (strong acid).
Ka value of H₂SO₄ = 1.0 × 10³
d) H₂CO₃ (weak acid).
Ka value of H₂CO₃ = is 4.4 ×1 0⁻⁷
Expressions for acid ionization constant
a) Ka = [H⁺] [F⁻] / [HF]
b) Ka = [HCOO⁻] [H⁺] / [HCOOH]
c) Ka= [H⁺]² [SO₄⁻²] / [H₂SO₄]
d) Ka = [H⁺]² [CO₃⁻⁻] / [H₂CO₃]
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pyroxene has the chemical formula, (naca)(mg,fe,al)(al,si)2o6. is pyroxene a felsic or mafic silicate mineral?
pyroxene has the chemical formula, (naca)(mg,fe,al)(al,si)2o6. pyroxene is a Mafic silicate mineral.
silicate mineral or extrusive igneous rich in iron and magnesium is widely recognized as a mafic mineral or rock. The large percentage of mafic minerals are dark, and some of the most common rock-forming mafic minerals are olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Basalt, diabase, and gabbro are examples of common mafic rocks. When trying to discuss stones or lava, mafic refers to the quantity of silica inside the lava or rock, whereas felsic refers to the amount of silica in the lava or stone. 6. Mafic rocks are darker in colour than felsic rocks. A chemical formula is a way to convey information about the chemical percentages of atoms that make up a specific chemical compound and molecule by using chlorine atom symbols, numbers, and occasionally other symbols like parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas, and plus and minus signage.
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PQ-L. pnceptuci Which sample has the largest mass? mole of marshmallows (C) mole of COz (carbon dioxide) molecules mole of Pb (lead) atoms All of these have the same mass
The biggest mass is one mole of Pb (lead) atoms.
One mole of any substance contains 6.02 x 1023 of that substance's atoms, molecules, or ions (depending on which unit is most relevant). Chemically speaking, the essential flavourless marshmallow constituents are: C 6 H 12 O 6 + H 2 O + C 2 HC 5 H 9 NOC 5 H 10 NO. Marshmallows (sugars) have a molar mass of 180.16 g/mol and the chemical formula C6H12O6.
One mole of carbon dioxide molecules weighs 44.01g because one carbon molecule weighs 12g, one oxygen molecule weighs 16g, and two oxygen molecules weigh 32g each, adding up to 44g.
Pb (lead) contains 207.2g per mole.
We can infer from the observations above that Pb(lead) has the highest mass.
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Would sweet tea be an example of a mixture or a compound?
Sweet tea is an example of a mixture. A mixture is defined as a combination of two or more substances in which the individual components are generally still distinguishable and can be separated by physical means.
On the other hand, a compound is a substance made up of two or more different elements chemically combined in fixed proportions.Sweet tea is usually composed of tea leaves, sugar, and water. The individual components are still distinguishable and can be separated by physical means such as filtration and evaporation. For example, if sweet tea is left to stand, the tea leaves will settle to the bottom and the sugar will dissolve in the water. Therefore, sweet tea is an example of a mixture and not a compound.
In conclusion, sweet tea is an example of a mixture and not a compound because the individual components are still distinguishable and can be separated by physical means. It is composed of tea leaves, sugar, and water, which are combined to create a unique flavor and taste.
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Which of the following statements about CH3OH and CH2O are true? The molecules of CH3OH can form London forces, dipole/dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds. The CH2O molecules can form London forces and dipole/dipole forces. Pure CH3OH will have a lower boiling point and a lower viscosity than pure CH2O. The molecules of CH3OH can form London forces, dipole/dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds. The CH2O molecules can form London forces only. Pure CH3OH will have a lower boiling point and a lower viscosity than pure CH2O. The molecules of CH3OH can form London forces, dipole/dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds. The CH2O molecules can form London forces, dipole/dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds. Pure CH3OH will have a lower boiling point and a lower viscosity than pure CH2O. The molecules of CH3OH can form London forces and dipole/dipole forces. The CH2O molecules can form London forces, dipole/dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds. Pure CH3OH will have a lower boiling point and a lower viscosity than pure CH2O. The molecules of CH3OH can form London forces only. The CH2O molecules can form London forces, dipole/dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds. Pure CH3OH will have a lower boiling point and a lower viscosity than pure CH2O. The molecules of CH3OH can form London forces, dipole/dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds. The CH2O molecules can form London forces and dipole/dipole forces. Pure CH3OH will have a higher boiling point and a lower viscosity than pure CH2O. The molecules of CH3OH can form London forces, dipole/dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds. The CH2O molecules can form London forces, dipole/dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds. Pure CH3OH will have a higher boiling point and a higher viscosity than pure CH2O. The molecules of CH3OH can form London forces, dipole/dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds. The CH2O molecules can form London forces and dipole/dipole forces. Pure CH3OH will have a higher boiling point and a higher viscosity than pure CH2O. The molecules of CH3OH can form London forces and dipole/dipole forces. The CH2O molecules can form London forces and dipole/dipole forces. Pure CH3OH will have a higher boiling point and a higher viscosity than pure CH2O. The molecules of CH3OH can form London forces, dipole/dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds. The CH2O molecules can form London forces and dipole/dipole forces. Pure CH3OH will have a lower boiling point and a higher viscosity than pure CH2O.
The statements that are true are as follows:
The molecules of CH3OH can form London forces, dipole/dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds.
The CH2O molecules can form London forces and dipole/dipole forces
The molecules of CH3OH can shape London forces, dipole/dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds.(True) Methanol is a polar molecule (1.sixty nine D), and so it famous all 3 of the van der Waals forces,
1) London dispersion force (vulnerable), methanol is an natural compound with low polarity
2) dipole-dipole forces
3) hydrogen bond (strong),that is an severe kind of dipole dipole interplay among partly nice hydrogen & partly negative oxygen withinside the methanol(CH3OH) molecule
The CH2O molecules can shape London forces and dipole/dipole forces.(True)
Formaldehyde(CH2O),like several atoms and molecules, may have very vulnerable London dispersion forces created as electrons shift withinside the electron cloud.as it possesses a everlasting dipole (primarily based totally at the polarized carbon-oxygen bond) formaldehyde additionally famous dipole-dipole interactions.
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Name the bond that most likely forms compounds with the following conductivity:
4.6 x 10^4 μS=
1.3 x 10^-2 µS=
Based on the conductivity values of the compounds:
4.6 x 10^4 μS involves covalent bonding
4.6 x 10^4 μS involves ionic bonding.
What is covalent bonding?Covalent bonding is described as a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms. The electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs.
We know that covalent compounds have bonds where electrons are shared between atoms and because of the sharing of electrons, they exhibit characteristic physical properties that include
lower melting points and electrical conductivity compared to ionic compounds.The conductivity of a compound is a measure of the electrical or heat energy conduction of a material.
Ionic compounds have high conductivity whereas covalent compounds have low conductivity.
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f an electron drops down from excited state c (950 zj) to ground state a (150 zj), what is the wavelength of the photon that is emitted?
f an electron drops down from excited state c (950 zj) to ground state a (150 zj), the wavelength of the photon that is emitted is 1.22 x 10^7.
Energy of the radiation emitted when the muon jumps from the second orbital to the ground sate E=RX² (2-2) (x-1);(R=2-2x168) E= R (1) 3R. R = 3x2+2x10'3 4 -18 1.65×10. Wavelength of the radiation emitted, λ= he = 6.6 x 1034, E x3x10 1.65 x1018 -7 = 1.2x10 m. An electron is in an excited state when it momentarily takes up an energy state larger than just its ground state. Whenever an electron absorbs a photon or throughput of light, or comes into contact with a near the area atom or particle, it gains additional energy and then becomes excited. The dipole moment is the lowest energy level that an atom can occupy. This is the atomic power state that's also considered the norm. The length between corresponding points (adjacent crests) in adjoining loops of the a signal signal propagated in room or along a wire is characterised as the wavelength. This length is generally defined in wireless systems in metres (m), centimetres (cm), or millimetres (mm) (mm).
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The following jobs are waiting to be processed at Rick Carlson’s machine center. Carlson’s machine center has a relatively long backlog and sets fresh schedules every 2 weeks, which do not disturb earlier schedules. Below are the jobs received during the previous 2 weeks. They are ready to be scheduled today, which is the beginning of day 241. At this time, no other jobs are in process or waiting to be worked. The jobs are due at the end of the day shown.
Job Date Job Received Production Days Needed Job Due at End of Day ____
A 225 25 270
B 228 15 300
C 230 35 325
D 231 30 310
E 235 40 360
For the following 2 sequencing rules, compute the average flow time from today (consider that today, which is the beginning of day 241, is day 1 for determining flow time), average days late (with no credit for being early) and average days early (with zero days early for a job that is late). The Remaining Shop Time is equal to the Production Days Needed. The sequencing rules being considered are the following:
Slack
Critical Ratio
The following table has to be filled out. Information disclosed: It is assumed that Carlson'sMachine Center has two-weekly schedules. The jobs for the upcoming two weeks are all set to be scheduled as of today, the 241st working day.
The following tasks are awaiting processing at the machine center owned by Rick Carlson. Carlson's machine center creates new schedules every two weeks that don't interfere with previous schedules while having a sizable backlog. The jobs obtained during the preceding two weeks are listed below. Today, the first day of day 241, they are prepared for scheduling. There aren't any more jobs pending or in progress at the moment. The assignments are due by the end of the day indicated.
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The standard molar entropy of H2(g) is S∘= 130.7J mol−1 K−1 at 298K. Use this value, together with Boltzmann's equation, to determine the number of microstates, W, for one mole of H2(g) at 298K and 1 bar. Reflect on the magnitude of your calculated value by describing how to write the number in decimal form.
As a function of energy and temperature, Boltzmann's Equation reveals the precise distribution of atoms among the various energy levels. N=m∑i=1Ni.
The Boltzmann function: what is it?The Boltzmann distribution is a probability function used in statistical physics to describe the energy and temperature states of a system of particles. The system is capable of existing in a number of states, but some subsets of those states have a larger likelihood of doing so than others.
Which equation makes use of the Boltzmann constant?The Boltzmann constant establishes the relationship between its energy and thermodynamic temperature: The equation E = kBT relates the total kinetic energy (E) in joules to the temperature (T) in kelvins.
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classify each reactant as the reducing agent, oxidizing agent, or neither. 5no2− 6h 2mno4− → 5no3− 2mn2 3h2o
While H⁺ is neither an oxidizing nor a reducing agent, and MnO₄⁻ is an oxidizing agent, NO₂⁻ is becoming oxidized, making it the reducing agent.
As to why a reactant?Reactant is a word that is used to represent a balanced chemical. A chemical element that is a reactant is one which is present at the beginning of such a chemical reaction and changes as the reaction develops. They can also be alluded to as reagents or beginning ingredients.
Briefing:5NO₂⁻ + 6H⁺ + 2MnO₄⁻ -----> 5NO₃⁻ + 2Mn²⁺ + 3H₂O
In this reaction let's see what all changes are happening in each species oxidation state.
NO₂⁻ : oxidation state of N is (+4-1=) +3. And
NO₃⁻ : oxidation state of N is (+6-1=) +5. Thus NO₂⁻ is getting oxidized and so it is the reducing agent.
H⁺ : no change in oxidation state of H⁺ hence it is neither oxidizing not reducing agent.
MnO₄⁻ : oxidation state of Mn is (+8-1=) +7.
Mn²⁺ : oxidation state of Mn is +2. Thus oxidation state of Mn is changing from +7 to +2 and hence it is getting reduced. So we can say that MnO₄⁻ is an oxidizing agent.
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if 12.8 g lead(ii) sulfate (303.25 g/mol) precipitates when excess potassium chloride is added to 1.65 l of a water sample, what is the molar concentration of pb2 in the sample?
The molar concentration of pb2 in the sample is M = 0.0256M.
Solution:
since the volume of the solution is 1.65 due to the fact that the addition of the reactants is not enough to significantly modify the reaction's volume, the resulting molar concentration of the lead (II) ions is:
[tex]M = \frac{n_{pb2+} }{V} = 0.0422molpb^{2+}[/tex]
M = 0.0256M.
Molarity is the most effective way of expressing the concentration of a solute in a solution. Molarity units are a traditional and widely used concentration method. It is the number of moles of the target substance dissolved in 1 liter of solution. Concentration indicates the mass concentration of the solution.
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draw the product(s) formed by heating the following compound in basic ethanol.
2-Ethyl-1-butene is a minor product whereas 3-methyl-2-pentene is the main one.
3-Bromo-3-methyl pentane is the alkyl halide shown. This tertiary alkyl halide can be seen. The Markovnikov rule is used to calculate the percentage of products that are produced throughout the reaction.
This process produces 2-ethyl-1-butene and 3-methyl-2-pentene as its two byproducts. Due to the fact that it is produced from a more stable carbocation intermediate, 3-methyl-2-pentene is the main byproduct. The minor product is 2-ethyl-1-butene.
When an acid catalyst is present, the typical reaction of benzonitrile with ethanol is expressed as follows:
C₆H₅CN + CH₃CH₂OH + H⁺ → C₆H₅ CO NH CH₂CH₃ (N- ethyl acetamide)
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17. Which of the following is a tertiary alcohol? a. CH3CH2OCH3 b. (CH3)3COH c.(CH3)2CHOH d. CH3CH2CH2OH
The tertiary alcohol a type of isomer from the given is (CH3)3COH. The correct option to this question is B.
The -OH group is still bonded to a tertiary carbon atom in tertiary alcohols. Tertiary alcohol has the general formula R1R2R3COH , where R1, R2 and R3 are alkyl or aryl groups.
One -OH group is still connected to a tertiary carbon atom in (CH3)3COH (CH3)3COH (attached to three methyl groups). As a result, it is a secondary alcohol.
In essence, alcohols are chemical molecules with polar -OH functional groups. The -OH group is primarily responsible for all of alcohols' chemical characteristics. Alcohols are polar protic solvents because of their volatility.
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Which methods will help you properly identify ph with indicator paper? check all that apply.
The methods that will help to correctly identify the PH with indicator paper are:
Set a piece of pH paper in front of each solution before testing to keep organized.Use a transfer pipet to remove a few drops from the solution to drop onto the paper.Wait a minute or so before reading color.Correct answer: letter A, C and D.
This is because these methods provide an organized approach to testing the pH of a solution. In addition, using a transfer pipette to draw a few drops of the solution and dropping them onto the paper will ensure that the correct amount of solution is tested. Waiting a minute or so before reading the color will also allow the indicator paper to change color and provide an accurate reading.
What is the PH of a solution?Is a measure of its acidity. It is measured on a scale from 0 to 14, with 0 being the most acidic, 7 being neutral and 14 being the most basic. The pH is determined using an acid-base indicator, such as pH paper.
Liquids in a solution can be made more acidic or more basic by adding acids or bases. Increasing the acidity decreases the pH, while increasing the basicity increases the pH.
Which methods will help you properly identify pH with indicator paper? Check all that apply:
A) Set a piece of pH paper in front of each solution before testing to keep organized.
B) Dip the pH paper into each test tube and lay it on the table to let it change color.
C) Use a transfer pipet to remove a few drops from the solution to drop onto the paper.
D) Wait a minute or so before reading color. Use the same piece of indicator paper for each solution to conserve paper.
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If 17.5 moles of ethanol were produced, how many moles of glucose were there in the beginning?
12 moles of glucose are needed to make 1 mole of ethanol. Therefore, 17.5 moles of ethanol are equivalent to 12 x 17.5 moles, or 8.5 moles of glucose. Thus, there were 8.5 moles of glucose at the start.
The molecular weight of ethanol is 46.069 amu. The molar mass of ethanol is 46.069 g/mol because it has 2 mol of carbon atoms (2 12.011 g), 6 mol of hydrogen atoms (6 1.0079 g), and 1 mol of oxygen atoms (1 15.9994 g) in each mole. Hydrogen peroxide and gluconic acid are produced when the enzyme glucose oxidase interacts with glucose, water, and oxygen. The chromogen can then be oxidized with hydrogen peroxide, and the amount of oxygen used can be calculated to determine how much hydrogen peroxide is needed.
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In 1886 a Swiss schoolmaster, Johann Jacob Balmer, published a paper in which he described a
numerical relationship for the prominent lines in the atomic spectrum of hydrogen which appear in
the visible region and near ultraviolet region of the spectrum (approximately 250 nm to 700 nm).
For the transitions that occur in this region, list the wavelengths and energies involved and determine
the characteristic that these lines have in common.
Any line in this range will belong to the Balmer series since the wavelength of the two series that are closest to it are not in the range of 250 nm to 700 nm.
How can the number of lines in a hydrogen spectrum be determined?Possible numbers for spectral lines are (n2-n1)(n2-n1+1)/2.The wavelength of this light can be calculated to be 486.3 nm, which is consistent with the experimental value of 486.1 nm for the blue line of the hydrogen atom's visible spectrum.Even though a hydrogen atom only has one electron, it has several shells. Therefore, a photon is released when this single electron moves from one shell to another, and the energy difference between the shells is revealed.Any line in this range will belong to the Balmer series since the wavelength of the two series that are closest to it are not in the range of 250 nm to 700 nm.To learn more about hydrogen atom refer to:
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a mixture of xenon and helium gases, at a total pressure of 733 mm hg, contains 9.81 grams of xenon and 0.946 grams of helium. what is the partial pressure of each gas in the
The partial pressure (P) Xe = 203 mm Hg & (P) He = 648 mm Hg
According to Dalton's Law of partial pressure , Partial pressure of gas in mixture = X gas ( P total )
Where X gas is mole fraction of gas.
First calculate no. of moles & mole fraction of each gas.
We know that , No. of moles = Mass / Molar mass
therefore No. of moles of Xe ( n Xe ) = 9.81 g / ( 131.30 g /mol ) = 0.074 mol
therefore No. of moles of He ( n He ) = 0.946 g / ( 4.00 g / mol ) = 0.2365 mol
Mole fraction of Xe = Moles of Xe / Total moles of gas = n Xe / ( n Xe + n He )
therefore Mole fraction of Xe = 0.074 / ( 0.074 + 0.2365 ) = 0.2383
Mole Fraction of He = n He / ( n Xe + n He )
therefore Mole fraction of He = 0.2365 / ( 0.074 + 0.2365 ) = 0.7616
Partial pressure of Xe = 0.238 ( 851 mm Hg ) = 203 mm Hg
Partial pressure of He = 0.761 ( 851 mm Hg ) = 648 mm Hg
ANSWER : P Xe = 203 mm Hg & P He = 648 mm Hg
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The cell diagram for the lead-acid cell that is used in automobile and truck batteries isWhere the comma between PbO2(s) and pbSO4(s) denotes a heterogeneous mixture of the two solids and the right ?hand lead electrode is nonreactive. (a) Write the balanced equation for the net cell reaction (b)Look up standard potentials for the oxidation and the reduction, then calculate the value of E cell. Number V (c) Calculate the value of Delta G Number k.j. mol^-1 (d) Calculate the value of E cell at 25 degree C if [H2 SO4]= 10.0 M. Number V (e) How many lead-acid cells are in a 12 V car battery? Round to the nearest integer.
The lead-acid battery used in truck and car batteries is depicted in the following cell diagram: The comma between PbO2(s) and pbSO4(s) indicates that the two solids are heterogeneously mixed, and the right
(a)The balanced net cell reaction is given below.
[tex]Pb(s)+PbO_2(s)+2H_2SO_4(aq) \rightarrow 2PbSO_4(s)+2H_2O(l)[/tex]
(b)The standard potentials for cathode and anode are as given below.
[tex]E^0_{anode}[/tex]=+1.685V
[tex]E^0_{anode}[/tex]-0.356V
[tex]E^0_{cell}=E^0_{cathode}-E^0_{anode}[/tex]=1.685V-(-0.356V)=2.041V
(c) [tex]\Delta G^0 =-nFE^0_{cell}=-2 \times 96500 \times 2.041=[/tex]-393913 J/mol = -393.9 kJ/mol
(d)[tex]E_{cell}=E^0_{cell}+\frac {0.0592}{2}log[H_2SO_4]=2.041 V+\frac {0.0592}{2}log10.0[/tex]=2.071V
(e) The number of lead-acid cells in a 12 V car battery = [tex]\frac {12}{2.071} \approx 6[/tex]
Two electrodes that are buried in a sulfuric acid electrolyte make up a lead-acid battery. In contrast to the negative electrode, which is fastened to a grid of metallic lead, the positive electrode is constructed of metallic lead oxide grains. Both flooded and valve-regulated lead-acid batteries fall within this category. Although less expensive than valve-regulated lead-acid batteries, flooded lead-acid batteries need more ventilation and maintenance. Due in large part to their portability and affordable price, lead-acid batteries are frequently employed in renewable energy systems. The low number of charging-discharging cycles, low discharge intensities, short lives, and slow charging rates of these batteries provide several difficulties.
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Which of the following is the correct arrangement of the following atoms in order of DECREASING first ionization energy?
O>Te>Se>Po
Po>Te>Se>O
O>Se>Te>Po
Po>Se>Te>O
The ionization energy is decreasing down a group. Hence the first ionization energy is decreasing from oxygen to polonium and the order is O>Se>Te>Po.
What is ionization energy?Ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the loosely bound valence electron from the atom. As the atomic size decreases, the attractive pull from the nucleus increases and ionization energy increases.
Thus, along a period the ionization energy increases and down a group it decreases since down a group atomic size is increases. The oxygen family is starting from oxygen to sulfur, selenium, tellurium and polonium.
Thus, the highest ionization energy is for oxygen and lowest for plonium. Thus, the order is O>Se>Te>Po.
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Acetaminophen, better known as paracetamol, has the following Lewis structure: (a) What are the approximate values of the bond angles labelled 1, 2, and 3? (b) What hybrid orbitals are used about the central atom of each of these angles? (c) How many bonds are in the molecule?
(a) What are the approximate values of the bond angles labelled 1, 2, and 3?
Bond Angle 1 = 105°
Bond Angle 2 = 120°
Bond Angle 3 = 120°
(b) What hybrid orbitals are used about the central atom of each of these angles?
Oxygen at 1 = [tex]sp^{3}[/tex] = Bent
Carbon at 2 = [tex]sp^{2}[/tex] = Trigonal Planar
Carbon at 3 = [tex]sp^{2}[/tex] = Trigonal Planar
(c) How many bonds are in the molecule?
Number of bonds = 20
Molecule : Molecules are made up of one or more atoms. The smallest particle of a substance that has all of the chemical and physical properties of that substance. For example, oxygen atom is represented as O, oxygen molecule is represented as [tex]O_{2}[/tex].
Molecules are of 3 types : Molecule of an atom, Molecule of an element and Molecule of a compound. There are four major classes of large biological molecules—carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
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The duodenum contains these structures whose products neutralize the acidic chyme.
A) duodenal glands B) gastric glands
C) Peyer's patches D) intestinal glands
Chyme and pancreatic secretions are combined in the duodenum in an alkaline that is high in bicarbonate, which balances the chyme's acidity and serves as a buffer.Several digestive enzymes are also present in pancreatic secretions.
What two organs secrete substances into the small intestine's duodenum?Duodenum.The small intestine gets digestive juices from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas as well as other digestive system organs to assist in breaking down food.These organs' ducts feed into to the duodenum.
When acid chyme enters the duodenum, what hormone is released?In reaction to acidic chyme, the duodenum releases secretin.
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