Coevolution of plants and insects occur by : a.)either beneficial or antagonistic interactions that result in evolutionary change of both species.
How does coevolution of plants and insects occur?Many animals such as insects have adapted to feeding only on plants with particular defensive chemistry. If the plants have evolved secondary chemistry to avoid insects and insects evolved to handle the plant's chemistry then plant and insect coevolution has occurred
Many cases of coevolution has been found between plants and the insects. The process of reciprocal evolutionary change that occur between pairs of species or among groups of species as they interact with one another is known as Coevolution.
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10. describe the activity and appearance of the coliforms on hektoen agar. name the ph indicator. what is the main use for hektoen agar plates? g
Answer:
isolation and culture of gram-negative enteric microorganisms
Explanation:
Answer all please I need it asap
1. A(n) _____________________ transports electrons, along with their energy, to another molecule.
2. What is the equation for photosynthesis?
3. In the __________________________, NADPH and ATP combine with carbon dioxide to produce sugars.
4. In the _________________________, light energy from the sun splits water and generates ATP and NADPH.
5. True / False: Chloroplasts are organelles found in the cells of heterotrophs.
6. True / False: Autotrophs need light in order to carry out photosynthesis.
Explanation:
1. Electron carrier
2. CO2 + H2O --> C6H12O6 + O2
3. Stroma
4. Thylakoid membrane
5. False
6. true.
hope it helps. :)
a group of cells is assayed for dna content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 10 picograms of dna per nucleus. approximately how many picograms of dna would be found in a nucleus at prophase of mitosis?
20 picograms of dna would be found in a nucleus at prophase of mitosis
What is cell cycle?
It refers to series of events that take place in a cell, resulting in the duplication of DNA and division of cytoplasm and organelles to produce two daughter cells.”
Phases of cell cycle
Interphase and M phaseInterphase has G1 phase, S phase and G2 phaseInterphase:
Also known as resting phase of the cell cycle; interphase is the time during which the cell prepares for division by undergoing both cell growth and DNA replication. It is divided into three phases:-
G1 phase: It is the phase of the cell between mitosis and initiation of replication of the genetic material of the cell. During this phase, cell is metabolically active and continues to grow without replicating its DNA.S phase (Synthesis) – The DNA replication takes place during this phase. If the initial quantity of DNA in the cell is denoted as 2N, then after the replication it becomes 4N. However the number of chromosomes does not vary, i.e. if the number of chromosomes during G1 phase was 2n, it will remain 2n at the end of S phase. G2 phase (Gap 2) –During this phase, the RNA, proteins, other macromolecules required for multiplication of cell organelles, spindle formation, and cell growth are produced as cell prepares to go into the mitotic phase.M phase:
This is mitotic phase or the phase of the equational division as the cell undergoes a complete reorganization to give birth to a progeny that has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cellMitotic phase is divided into four overlapping stages:-Prophase,
Metaphase,
Anaphase, and
Telophase
According to given data, 10 picograms of dna per nucleus was found in the cells following mitosis. DNA replication takes place in the S phase, thus doubling the dna per nucleus to 20 picograms.
S phase is followed by G2 phase, and then prophase (of M phase) during which there is no change in the DNA content of the cell.
Thus 20 picograms of dna would be found in a nucleus at prophase of mitosis.
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Which of the following can be classified as a producer?
A. Bear
B. corn
C. deer
D. snake
Answer:
B. Corn
Explanation:
Corn is considered a producer because corn meets the two primary characteristics of a producer. To start, producers make their own food so they can live. Corn is a plant that uses photosynthesis to take energy from the sun and make usable glucose for energy. Second, producers serve as a food source for consumers. All other answer choices are consumers.
Answer:
B. corn
Explanation:
A producer is an organism that makes its own food. In other words, it's an organism that can perform photosynthesis (plants). Since "corn" is the only organism that can perform photosynthesis, it is a producer.
as cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface, multiple choice question. a) they divide continually. b) their supply of nutrients improves. c) they die. d) they become dermal cells.
As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface Option C. They die.
Your epidermis is the outermost layer of skin in your frame. It protects your frame from damage, keeps your frame hydrated, produces new pores and skin cells and carries melanin, which determines the coloration of your pores and skin.
The dermis in the main consists of keratinocytes (proliferating basal and differentiated suprabasal), which include 90% of its cells, however additionally consists of melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells, and inflammatory cells.
The dermis and its waxy cuticle provide a defensive barrier against mechanical harm, water loss, and contamination. Numerous changed epidermal cells alter transpiration, boom water absorption, and secrete materials.
Three primary populations of cells are living in the epidermis : 1)Keratinocytes,
2) Melanocytes,
3) Langerhans cells.
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suppose 10 glucose molecules are formed during gluconeogenesis. calculate the amount of pyruvate, atp, and nadh molecules required.
2 Pyruvate molecules produce 1 molecule of Glucose. For producing 10 molecules of Glucose 2*10= 20 molecules of Pyruvate is required.
6 molecules of ATP is used for generating one molecule of Glucose. So for 10 molecules of Glucose, it will be 6*10= 60 ATP.
2 NADH molecules are used in gluconeogenesis to produce 1 Glucose molecule. So for 10 Glucose molecules, it will be 2*10=20NADH.
Gluconeogenesis is a manner that transforms non-carbohydrate substrates (which include lactate, amino acids, and glycerol) into glucose (parent 1). each lactate and alanine are first converted into pyruvate, which then enters the mitochondrion and is carboxylated to oxaloacetate (OAA) with the aid of pyruvate carboxylase (pc).
Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that consequences in the era of glucose from positive non-carbohydrate carbon substrates. it is a ubiquitous system, found in flora, animals, fungi, bacteria, and different microorganisms.
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A patient sustained an electric shock when she accidentally touched live wires following a severe storm. The shock affected her urinary function and resulted in oliguria and uremia. How will the patient’s symptoms be treated if she develops anuria?.
Using theories of urinary system, we got hemodialysis is the method through which patient`s symptoms be treated of she develops anuria.
Hemodialysis, also called as haemodialysis, or simply dialysis, is a process of purifying the blood of a person whose kidneys are not working properly. This type of dialysis achieves the extracorporeal removal of the waste products such as creatinine and urea and free water from blood when the kidneys are in state of kidney failure. Hemodialysis is one of three renal replacement therapies (the others two being kidney transplant and peritoneal dialysis). A other method for extracorporeal separation of blood components such as plasma or cells is called as apheresis.
Hence, if the patient develops anuria, in that case patient`s symptoms be treated by the hemodialysis method.
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what sequence of events is shared among dna mismatch repair, nucleotide excision and base excision pathways?
Nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, double-strand break repair, and damage reversal are some of the mechanisms for repairing DNA damage.
What a nucleotide looks like in practise.The basic unit of a nucleic acid is assumed to be a nucleotide (e.g. DNA and RNA). A nucleic acid is a member of the major classes of macromolecules (the others are carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids).
What are the main functions of nucleotides?Nucleotides have a variety of functions in animal physiology, including those of energy storage, transporters of active intermediates for biosynthesis, architectural moieties for coenzymes, & metabolic regulators.
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Why is the car red? *
a. It absorbs red light.
b. It reflects red light.
Answer:
It's a and b tho
Explanation:
The car is red because, it absorbs and reflects red light
which of the choices is/are secretions produced by the pancreas? select all that apply. bicarbonate ions to neutralize stomach acid methane from fermentation gastrin to stimulate hcl production trypsin for further protein digestion lipase for fat digestion
Trypsin to further breakdown proteins Lipase is used to breakdown fat. gastric acid can be neutralised by bicarbonate ions.
What are the three different sorts of acids?Acids are frequently divided into three primary groups. The first is binary acid, followed by oxyacid and carboxylic acid. All binary acids are represented by the symbol "H-A," which stands for a hydrogen connection to a nonmetal atom.
Why is it called acid?The word "acid," which refers to the sour flavour and pungent odour of numerous acids, derives from the Latin word acidus, which meaning "sour." Examples: Because acetic acid and water are diluted, vinegar has a sour flavour. Lemon juice includes citric acid, which gives it a sour flavour.
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During which days of the cycle does the level of progesterone in the blood increase most rapidly? What happens to the uterus during this time?
Cycle does the level of progesterone in the blood increase most rapidly is luteal or secretary phase
Progesterone is in the class of medication called as progestine and it is the female hormones and it work as part of hormones replacement therapy by decreasing the amount of estrogen in the uterus and this phase always occur from day 14 to day 28 of the cycle and progesterone stimulated by LH is the dominant hormone during this phase to prepare the corpus luteum and the endometrium foe possible fertilized ovum implantation and progesterone level rises after ovulation and peak five to nine days your luteal phase
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which stage of urine production involves returning water, nutrients, and electrolytes to the blood stream?
Reabsorption is urine production that involves returning water, nutrients, and electrolytes to the bloodstream.
In the field of science, the process though which water, electrolytes, salts and nutrients are reabsorbed back into the plasma from the glomerulus is referred to as reabsorption.
The urine formed has essential electrolytes and nutrients that are required by the body of an individual. Hence, in the glomerular filtrate, these materials are reabsorbed back into the blood by the process of diffusion.
The urine left after reabsorption is sent to the bladder where it can be stored for some time before releasing it out of the body.
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in the poorest countries like ethiopia and bangladesh, biomass represents blank percent of their energy consumption.
In the poorest countries like Ethiopia and Bangladesh, biomass represents 90% of their energy consumption.
Why is biomass a good source of energy?Form of renewable energy produced when we burn biomass fuel is called biomass. Biomass fuels is derived from organic material such as harvest residues, purpose-grown crops and organic waste from homes, businesses and farms.
Biomass provides a clean and renewable energy source that can improve our environment , economy and energy security. Biomass energy generates less air emissions as compared to fossil fuels, reduces amount of waste that is sent to landfills and decreases our dependence on foreign oil.
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Which phrase best describes reproduction?
Responses
allows the offspring's parents to expend less energy during mating and birthing
allows the offspring's parents to expend less energy during mating and birthing
can either be sexual or asexual
can either be sexual or asexual,
allows for the continuation of a species and creates variety in a population
allows for the continuation of a species and creates variety in a population,
produces an exact copy of the parent cell
Answer:
can either be sexual or asexual
what enables electrical impulses to travel in a continuous cell-to-cell fashion in myocardial cells?
Only intercalated disks, thickened portions of the sarcolemma, enable electrical impulses to spread quickly in a continuous cell-to-cell fashion.
Myocardial conduction cells initiate and propagate the action potential that travels throughout the heart and triggers the contraction of blood . myocardial contractile cells constitute the bulk of the cells in the atrial and ventricles .
In side heart ,cardiac muscle tissue or myocardium , contains many cells that expand and contract in response to electrical impulses from the nervous system. These cardiac cells work in a manner that they produce the rhythmic and wavy contractions that is termed as heartbeat.
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which statement correctly describes most cinder cone volcanoes?
a) they are one of the tallest types of volcanoes.
b) they have a single,symmetrical cone at the top.
c) they often take thousands of years to form.
d) they emit lava that slowly spreads before cooling.
Statement correctly describes most cinder cone volcanoes are they have a single, symmetrical cone at the top
Cinder cones are the simplest type of volcano and they are built from particles and blobs of congealed lava ejected from a single vent and as the gas charged lava is blown violently into the air and it break into small fragments that solidify and fall as cinders around the vent to form circular cone and oval cone and a cinder cone is a steep conical hill of loose pyroclastic fragment and such as volcanic and clinkers and volcanic ash
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Answer:B
Explanation:
why might it be advantageous to add a preassembled block of 14 sugars to a protein in the er, rather than building the sugars chains step-by-step on the surface of the protein by sequential addition of sugars by individual enzymes?
An investigation into the different sugar (carbohydrate) molecules that cells connect to proteins. Glycoproteins are proteins that include carbohydrates.
What is the name of the procedure whereby a protein in the endoplasmic reticulum is given a sugar addition?The signal sequence is often separated from the protein when it emerges on the luminal surface of the ER membrane by an enzyme known as signal peptidase. additionally, in a procedure called glycosylation.
What is the term for the combination of a protein and a carbohydrate?Proteins with covalently attached carbohydrates are known as glycoproteins. Each and every living thing contains them, in both there are soluble and insoluble versions with various uses and characteristics. 1-3 Certainly.
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Review this illustration to answer the question.
Which structure is responsible for organizing spindle fibers during mitosis?
The stricture responsible for organizing spindle fibers during mitosis is the centriole. The third option.
What is mitosis?Mitosis refers to the division of non-sex or vegetative cells in the body of living organisms to produce two daughter cells.
The onset of mitosis is marked by the dissolution of the nuclear membrane and the condensation of the chromatin material located in the nucleus. Thus, the chromatin material becomes visible as chromosomes.
Simultaneously, the centrioles start giving off spindle fibers at the opposite ends of the cell. This stage of mitosis is referred to as prophase.
Thereafter, the chromosomes align at the center of the cell and the spindle fibers from the centriole engage each chromosome at the centromere. This stage is otherwise known as metaphase.
Next, the spindle fibers start shortening to pull apart sister chromatids to opposite poles. This is the anaphase.
The sister chromatids complete their migrations to the pole at telophase. Thereafter, the nuclear membrane reappears, the chromosome decondense, and the cytoplasm divide to give two independent daughter cells.
In other words, the structure responsible for organizing spindle fibers is the centrioles.
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biological evolution (the evolution of living cells) differs from chemical evolution (the evolution of the molecules that make living cells) in that biological evolution would have been possible only after the development of
Biological evolution differs from chemical evolution in that biological evolution would have been possible only after the development of true cells.
Biological evolution, sometimes also called organic evolution, is the process by which species (made of living cells) evolved over a long period of time. It mainly resulted from mutation caused by physical, chemical, and biological mutagens.
Chemical evolution is the process that occurs due to changes in the molecules' structures. In this evolution, the biomolecules are subjected to changes in extreme conditions, thus increasing their complexity over time. These molecules interacted with each other, possibly gaining the ability to pass on genetic materials and reproduce, which leads to the origin of life on Earth.
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which type of pacing involves the placement of large patch electrodes on the anterior and posterior chest wall that can be connected by a cable to an external pulse generator?
Large patch electrodes that may be connected to an external pulse generator are placed on the anterior and posterior chest walls during transcutaneous cardiac pacing (TCP). Since there is only one form of pacing that may be accessed from the outside, that type is transcutaneous cardiac pacing (TCP).
Transcutaneous cardiac pacing (TCP) is a short-term method for pacing a patient's heart in an emergency and stabilizing them until a better long-term method of pacing is found. Electric current pulses are administered via the patient's chest to cause the heart to contract.
In conscious patients, transcutaneous cardiac pacing (TCP) enables quick, effective, and noninvasive ventricular stimulation to treat symptomatic bradycardias, including atropine-resistant unstable bradycardia in the emergency room.
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enteropeptidase deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism that causes malabsorption of protein. the most likely explanation for this malabsorption is that in the absence of enteropeptidase, the only protease zymogen that could be converted to its active form is:
The only protease zymogen that could be converted to its active form in the absence of enteropeptidase is chymotripsinogen.
Trypsinogen is transformed into active trypsin by enteropeptidase, which also activates several pancreatic zymogens in addition to hydrolyzing a few peptide links in specific dietary proteins. Enteropeptidase is a crucial enzyme in the digestion of dietary proteins because of this, and its lack may cause severe protein malabsorption.
Trypsinogen, which is enteropeptidase's main substrate, undergoes a limited amount of proteolysis to release trypsin with catalytic activity. By limited proteolysis, trypsin then acts on the 4 other zymogens to release chymotrypsin, elastase, and carboxypeptidases A and B that are catalytically active.
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a collection of recombinant vectors that contains fragments of one organism's entire genome is called a(n) .
A genomic library is a collection of individual genome fragments from one organism.
What types of organisms are examples?Any living thing that has an organized structure, is capable of reacting to inputs, can breed, expand, adapt, & maintain equilibrium is described to as an ecosystem. Therefore, anything animal, vegetation, fungus, parasitoid wasp, bacterium, and archaeon found on Earth would be considered an organism.
Sperm—is it a living thing?Sperm are alive? That mostly depends on how you define "life." Sperm cells share several traits with living things, such as the ability to grow (mature), make energy from sugar metabolism, and move independently.
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Describe what
three things can happen to light energy as the sun shines on plant cells
The following can happen as the sun shines on plant cells:
Light energy can be absorbed by pigments and used in the photosynthesis reactionsIt can e transmitted or it can pass through the cellsit can be reflected. What are plant cells?Plant cells are eukaryotic cells present in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.
The organelles found only in plant cells include the chloroplast, cell wall, plastids, and a large central vacuole. The chloroplasts contain a green pigment chlorophyll that is responsible for the process of photosynthesis.
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what are the requirements for photosynthesis to occur? 2) why do some trees appear green during the spring and summer, but then red / orange / yellow in the fall? 3) what are two factors that cause pigments to move at different rates during paper chromatography?
PLS HELP FOR MY EATH SCIENCE?!?
Plate tectonics play a key role in regulating Earth's climate by aiding in the cycling of materials such as carbon and water. What topographic feature can possibly indicate a planet is "healthy" and geologically
active?
A mountain ranges
B rivers
C plateaus
D plains
A planet's "health" and geological activity may be indicated by geographic features of the plains.
The correct answer is D
How does a planet stay healthy?Caregivers can track a patient's treatment over time with the use of integrated tools in the Epic Healthy Planet module. This gives them the ability to take action, regardless of where a patient receives care, to maintain or improve chronic illnesses.
Why would someone need a topographic map?On a two-dimensional surface, topographic maps depict the features of the Earth precisely and in scale. Topographic maps are a great planning aid and guide that also contributes to the enjoyment and safety of outdoor activities.
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What is the primary difference between the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system?.
Answer:The somatic nervous system allows us to consciously control our skeletal muscles, and the autonomic nervous system controls activity that humans cannot consciously control, such as the pumping of the heart and the movement of food through the digestive tract.
which of the following characteristics of the structure of dna was determined directly from x-ray diffraction photographs of crystallized dna? question 7 options: the frequency of a versus t nucleotides the sequence of nucleotides the double helical structure the length of a given dna molecule
The following characteristics of the structure of DNA were determined directly from x-ray diffraction photographs of crystallized DNA is the double helical structure.
Early X-ray diffraction results showed that DNA is composed of two strands of helically twisted polymers. The observation that DNA is double-stranded is significant and provided one of the key clues leading to the Watson-Crick structure of DNA.
Fiber diffraction is a method for determining molecular structural information from X-ray scattering data. Rosalind Franklin used this technique to discover structural information in his DNA. In this experiment, the fiber is placed perpendicular to the trajectory of her X-ray beam. Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction pattern of the DNA molecule provided important evidence that DNA has a double-helical structure.
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In humans, impulses that control the voluntary muscles of the skeleton travel along the nerves of the?.
In humans, impulses that control the voluntary muscles of the skeleton travel along the nerves of the Somatic system.
A division of your peripheral nervous system that permeates almost every aspect of your body is the somatic nervous system. This system's nerves transmit data from your senses to your brain. They also transmit orders from your brain to your muscles, allowing you to move.
More specifically, the reflex arc and voluntary muscle action are both controlled by the somatic nervous system. Between the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the skeletal muscles, skin, and sensory organs, this system relays nerve signals.
Thus, the control of voluntary muscles of the skeletal system is done by sensory nerves.
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9. explain how nucleotide incorporation errors by dna polymerase can be repaired, and the role of methylation in the process.
Nucleotide incorporation errors can be repaired either by proofreading by DNA polymerase or mismatch repair.
1. DNA polymerase performs poofreading to ensure that its operations are accurate. A nucleotide that is incorrectly hydrogen bound to the opposite nucleobase in the template strand can be backed up and excised (removed) by the enzymes. The appropriate nucleotide is then inserted by the DNA polymerase.
2. Mismatch Repair corrects faults that DNA polymerase's proofreading process missed. An enzyme is then instructed to cut the sugar phosphate backbone of the new DNA strand by a specific protein that binds to the location of the mismatched nucleobase. The incorrect nucleotide is then eliminated when another enzyme breaks down a brief section of that DNA strand.
Methylation explains how cells may recognise which strand is new. Some nucleobases receive methyl groups shortly after an enzyme adds them to a DNA strand. The new strand is not instantly methylated since this process takes time.
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Nucleotide addition errors are possible with DNA polymerase.
Nucleotide incorporation by DNA polymerase is imprecise. It proofreads each newly inserted base to alter the DNA. Correct bases are inserted after removing incorrect bases, followed by the addition of another base. Although most errors are fixed during replication, the mismatch repair process is used when this does not take place.
The incorrect base is excised from the DNA by mismatch repair enzymes, which then replace it with the right base. In a different sort of repair called nucleotide excision repair, the erroneous base and a few bases on the 5′ and 3′ ends are taken out and replaced.
DNA polymerase is used to duplicate the template in order to replace the wrong base and the excised bases. The freshly created fragment's ends are joined to the remainder of ligase, which builds a phosphodiester bond, of the DNA.
The majority of DNA methylation is required for normal development and plays a critical role in a variety of vital processes such as genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, and repression of repetitive element transcription and transposition, and when dysregulated, contributes to illnesses such as cancer.
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If the laci gene in the genetically engineered fluorescent strain were nonmutant but the laco sequence on the plasmid mutated to lacoc, how would the cells fluoresce in the presence of inducer? in the absence of inducer?.
The cell in the presence of an inducer would fluoresce in yellow and in absence of inducer it would not fluoresce.
When an inducer was present, the cell would glow yellow. Fluorescence doesn't exist without an inducer. The galaxy-wide enzyme galactosidase is responsible for lactose metabolism. This one encodes for the protein product that is also repressed, or which in the absence of lactose in the media and thus does not show fluorescence.
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