Common ionic compounds containing ions always soluble in water is Alkali metals (Group 1).
Alkali metals are the six chemical elements in a group called Group 1(a) which are in the far left column of the periodic table. The following are the six alkali metal elements, their properties and uses.
The Elements and Groups of Alkali Metals
The six elements that are included in the alkali metals are lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). If you look at the periodic table, there is one more element at the top, namely hydrogen (H). However, hydrogen does not belong to the alkali metals as it is a gaseous element. All the elements in this group have one electron in their valence shell, or a single valence electron.
The most common alkali metal is sodium. The amount is 2.8 percent. The easiest type of sodium to find is sodium chloride or what we know as salt (NaCl). Then the second most easily found element is potassium with an amount of 2.6 percent throughout the earth. On the other hand, the rarest are rubidium, lithium and cesium. Each only amounted to 0.01 percent, 0.002 percent and 0.0007 percent. Meanwhile, francium is radioactive and only exists in nature for a short time.
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how is the periodic table organized in regards to blocks? what are these specific blocks? how do they relate to electron location and orbitals?
The periodic table is organized according to the blocks s-block, p-block, d-block, and f-block; these particular blocks are related to electron position and orbitals.
A group of elements in the periodic table known as a block are connected by the atomic orbitals in which their valence electron or vacancies are located. It appears that Charles Janet coined the phrase originally. S-block, P-block, D-block, and F-block are the names of the four blocks, each of which is named after a certain orbital.
The known elements are arranged in the periodic table chart in order of increasing atomic electron and recurrent chemical characteristics. They are arranged in a tabular format, where a row denotes a time period and a column a group.
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Calculate the mole fraction of ki in a solution made by dissolving 3. 4 g of ki in 5. 8 g of water.
The mole fraction of ki in a solution made by dissolving 3. 4 g of ki in 5. 8 g of water: 0.060.
Mole fraction = Moles of componentMoles of all species in solution. And thus, Mole fraction, KI = Moles of KIMoles of KI + moles of water.
The mole fraction may be calculated by using dividing the wide variety of moles of one issue of an answer by means of the overall variety of moles of all the additives of an answer. it is mentioned that the sum of the mole fraction of all the additives inside the answer needs to be identical to at least one. Mole percentage ( ) is the same as a mole fraction in chemistry, however in a special guise. Multiplying the mole fraction through one hundred yields the mole percent of the given component. Mole Fraction = the variety of moles of 1 aspect in the given combination and the overall quantity of moles in the combination.
A mole fraction is a unit of attention, defined to be the same as the number of moles of an issue divided by means of the whole number of moles of a solution. because it's far a ratio, the mole fraction is a unitless expression.
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Cesium (Cs) tends to be the most reactive of the alkali metals (francium is radioactive and has not been well studied). Based on your understanding of atomic radius, effective nuclear charge, and ionization energy, explain why this is true. 15. Time to Reflect…Consider everything you’ve learned in lab and lecture about periodic trends. In your own words, explain why it is important to know how the periodic table is organized. How do you think knowledge on periodic trends (ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic radius, electronegativity, etc.) help you, personally, in your future as scientist and/or engineer? 10. Explain how the reactivity with acid relates to the location of the metals on the periodic table.
Caesium(Cs) is the most reactive alkali metal in the group I than the francium due to the atomic radius, effective nuclear charge and the ionization energy of the caesium element.
Ionization energy is the energy requires to remove valence electron from the outer orbital. As we goes down the group, the ionization energy is decreased. This is occurred because as we goes down the group, the distance between outermost orbital and nucleus is increased. Therefore, it has lower ionization energy than other elements in the group.
Atomic radius of the element is the distance between the nucleus and the electron present in the outermost orbital. As we goes down the group, atomic radius is decreased. Therefore, it easily donates electrons and due to this, caesium is more reactive.
Fracium is really heavy element and there are many positive charges present in the nucleus of the francium. Due to the presence of more positive charges, electrons in the francium revolve at a speed of light. The electrons in the francium are closer to the nucleus than the caesium and it is harder to remove valence electrons in the caesium.
Therefore, caesium is reactive than the francium due to the ionization energy, atomic radius and effective nuclear charge.
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What is the chemical formula for chlorous acid?
Cytokine receptors are associated with cytoplasmic protein kinases called _____, which become activated when the cytokine receptors bind to their respective cytokines.
A.ZAP-70 B.STATs C.Lck D.ITAMs E.JAKs
Option (E) . Cytokine receptors are associated with cytoplasmic protein kinases called JAKs , which become activated and binds to their respective cytokines .
Cytokines are the receptors which transmit various signals for cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and functional activity, circulate in picomolar concentrations, and may increase in magnitude almost a thousand-fold in response to an infection or inflammation. Cytokines are crucial in controlling the growth and activity of the immune system cells and blood cells. Cytokines can exert systemic as well as local effects. A cytokine's actions may affect the same cell it was secreted from, other nearby cells or may act in a more endocrine manner and produce effects across the whole of the body, such as in the case of fever.
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Which kind of thermal energy transfer warms your hand when you hold a hot
mug of tea?
A. Radiation
B. Convection
C. Conduction
D.Translation
[tex]\huge \boxed{\sf C}[/tex]
Conduction: Heat transfers into hands when holding a hot cup of coffee. Heat energy is transferred between or inside substances by conduction. We can use any media for conduction, but physical media is required.
The kind of thermal energy transfer that warms your hand when you hold a hot mug of tea is called conduction. The correct option is C.
What is conduction?Direct contact between molecules inside a substance allows for the transfer of energy, typically in the form of heat and/or electricity. Conduction can occur in gases, liquids, and solids.
Conduction heat transfer primarily takes place in stationary mediums, including solids or fluids that are at rest.
When holding a hot cup of coffee, heat is transferred to the hands. Conduction is the method of transferring heat energy inside or between materials. Any medium can be used for conduction, although physical mediums are necessary.
Therefore, the correct option is C. Conduction is correct for the process mentioned above.
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the stability of the intermediate alkyl cation and the polarity of the solvent will play a big role in the rate of sn1 reaction, while the steric hinderance around the reacting center will be of prime importance in the sn2 reaction. which of the following alkyl halides will be predicted to react faster in the sn1 reaction? select one: 2 - chloro - 2 - methylpropane 1 - chlorobutane 2 - chlorobutane
The compound that would react faster by the SN1 mechanism is 2 - chloro - 2 - methylpropane.
What is the faster SN1 reaction?We know that a nucleophilic reaction would involve the the attack of a negatively charged specie or a specie that has a lone pair of electrons on a positive center.
We know that the SN1 reaction is the nucleophilic substitution that occurs by a unimolecular mechanism and would lead to the formation of a stable carbocation. This is most common with the tertiary alky halides as we know and 2 - chloro - 2 - methylpropane is a tertiary alky halide.
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What are the substances that dissolve rapidly in water called?.
The substances that dissolves rapidly in water are called Soluble substances.
A soluble substance is one that dissolves in a liquid, usually water. It might look like it's simply disappeared, but in fact, it's just mixed in to form a liquid called a solution . The solid that dissolves is called the solute . The liquid that dissolves the solute is called the solvent. Sugar, salt, mustard oil, sand, sawdust, honey, chalk powder, petals of flowers, soil, crystals, glucose . In the simple way solubility is the ability of a substance, the solute, to form a solution with another substance, the solvent. Everything is made of particles which are always moving. When a soluble solid is mixed with the right liquid it forms a solution. This process is called dissolving.
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Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
Zn; 65.38 g/mol
A 3.79 L container can hold 0.15 moles H2 gas. What mass of Zn is required to generate 0.15 mol H2
Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, the mass of Zn required to generate 0.15 mol of H₂ is 9.807 grams.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
Zn: 1 moleHCl: 2 moles ZnCl₂: 1 moleH₂: 1 moleThe molar mass of the compounds is:
Zn: 65.38 g/moleHCl: 36.45 g/moleZnCl₂: 136.28 g/moleH₂: 2 g/moleThen, by reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:
Zn: 1 mole ×65.38 g/mole= 65.38 gramsHCl: 2 moles ×36.45 g/mole= 72.9 gramsZnCl₂: 1 mole ×136.28 g/mole= 136.28 gramsH₂: 1 mole ×2 g/mole= 2 gramsMass of Zn requiredThe following rule of three can be applied: If by reaction stoichiometry 1 mole of H₂ is generated by 65.38 grams of Zn, 0.15 mole of H₂ is generated by how much mass of Zn?
mass of Zn= (0.15 mole of H₂× 65.38 grams of Zn)÷ 1 mole of H₂
mass of Zn= 9.807 grams
Finally, a mass of 9.807 grams of Zn are required.
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Sulfate in soil on Mars. In 2008, Professor Sam Kounaves and his students at Tufts University had the thrill of their lifetime as their Wet Chemistry Laboratory aboard the Phoenix Mars Lander returned a steam of information about the ionic composition of Martian soil scooped up by a robotic arm. The arm delivered ~1 g of soil through a sieve into a "beaker" fitted with a suite of electrochemical sensors. Aqueous solution added to the beaker shown in the figure leached soluble salts from the soil while sensors measured ions appearing in the liquid. Unlike other ions, sulfate was measured by a precipitation titration with Ba²+: BaCl2(8) Ba2+ (aq) + 2 C1-(aq) so - (aq) + Ba2+(aq) → BaSO4(s) As solid BaCl, from a reagent canister slowly dissolved in the aqueous liquid, BaSO4 precipitated. A barium sulfate precipitation titration is shown in the figure. The initial concentration of Cl- before adding BaCl, was 0.00019 M in 25 mL of aqueous extract of Martian soil. At the end point, when there is a sudden rise in Ba2+, [C1-] = 0.0096 M. -2.0 log (concentration, M) - 1.0 Leaching solution added Cl- calibration solution added CI- Soil added and BaCl2 begins to enter cell Cl- = 0.009 6 M -3.0 at end point -Cl = 0.000 19 M before BaCl2 addition 4.0 Ba2+ End point -5.000 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 Time (h) Write the titration reaction. titration reaction: How many mmol of BaCl, were required to reach the end point? millimoles of BaCl2: mmol How many mmol of So were contained in the 25 mL? millimoles of S02 : mmol If so2 is derived from 0.920 g of soil, what is the wt% of so in the soil?
The statement claims that 5mmol of BaCl were needed to attain the goal.
What distinguishes aqueous from liquid?In a chemical equation, the word "aqueous" refers to a substance that is disseminated in saltwater (a solution in water). For instance, sodium chloride is produced when sodium hydroxide solution is added to diluted hydrochloric acid. The word "liquid" denotes the creation of liquid substances during a process.
An aqueous solution is what?In an aqueous solution, liquid water acts as the solvent. Solute (disintegrated) protons and atoms are surrounded by and incorporated into the web of bonds by water molecules. The dissolved organisms then spread out across the water.
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An alpha cannot penetrate your skin. Once inside the body, however, an alpha source is the most hazardous radiation since it causes the most ionizing events per unit length. There is really only one way a sealed alpha source can hurt you. What is it?.
There is really only one way a sealed alpha source can hurt you. It is B. By ingestion.
Alpha is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. within the gadget of Greek numerals, it has a price of 1. Alpha is derived from the Phoenician letter aleph, that's the West Semitic word for "ox". Letters that arose from alpha include the Latin letter A and the Cyrillic letter А.
Alpha refers to a dominant person or their conduct, in particular with admire for socially competitive, hyper-masculine men.The word "Alpha" comes from the primary letter of the Greek alphabet and symbolizes the beginning or the start line of a journey.
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calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 12.0 g of na2cro4 in enough water to produce a solution with a volume of 680. ml .
TRUE/FALSE. according to our article, in humans, it looks like the habitual consumption of food, specifically calorie dense food, can elicit changes in brain responses that mirror drug addiction.
TRUE, in humans, it looks like the habitual consumption of food, specifically calorie-dense food, can elicit changes in brain responses that mirror drug addiction.
The term "food addiction" describes compulsive eaters who frequently have uncontrollable eating episodes (binge eating). Binge eating is the practice of consuming an unhealthy amount of food while feeling out of control.
The brain's pleasure centers are activated and "feel-good" neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin are released when "highly appealing" foods, or those heavy in carbohydrates, fat, salt, sugar, or artificial sweeteners, are consumed.
Despite not being included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), food addiction can resemble other addictions and frequently needs the same therapies and support to be overcome. Thankfully, several initiatives and therapies can offer care.
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given the bond energies of n-n ( 160 kj/mol) and br-br( 193 kj/mol), what could be infer about the bond strength of n-br bond?
Energy bond of N-Br can't be calculated only with the data of energy bond of N-N and Br-Br. The energy bond of N-Br is 243kJ/mol
Energy bond can be determined by using experiment. To calculate energy bond of N-Br by using energy bond of N-N and Br-Br need 1 more data of the difference of Enthalpy reactant and product. In this case the reaction can be determine as below:
N-N + Br-Br = 2 N-Br
The equation can be used is:
Energy bond N-N + Energy bond Br-Br - Energy bond of 2 N-Br = Enthalpy
If the enthalpy of the reaction not provided, energy bond of N-Br can not be determined. But, you can check on the reference for N-Br energy bond.
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write down the common (not iupac) names of the organic molecules that would be released if this molecule were hydrolyzed:
Triacylglycerol or triglycerides. Triacylglycerols molecule were hydrolyzed into free fatty acids and glycerol before being converted into energy.
What lipids undergo hydrolysis?Lipids, whether they are saturated or unsaturated, will hydrolyze with time. The following five hydrolysis byproducts are produced when a single phosphatidylcholine molecule is hydrolyzed: Glycerophosphorylcholine, free fatty acids, 1-Acyl-Lyso-PC, and 2-Acyl-Lyso-PC.
Triglycerides are broken down by what kind of reaction?Lipolysis. Triglycerides must first undergo hydrolysis to separate into their two main parts, fatty acids and glycerol, in order to be converted into energy. The process of lipolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
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How is concentration related to mole fraction?.
Concentration is related to mole fraction as - A unit of concentration is a mole fraction.
The mole fraction, which is denoted by "X," is a unit of measurement for the ratio of solute to solvent in a solution. The number of moles of a particular component in the solution divided by the overall number of moles in the sample solution is known as the mole fraction. It can be said in a variety of ways: molarity, or the number of solute molecules per litre of solution; mole fraction, or the proportion of solute molecules to all other molecules present.
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Which change of state is occurring as wet clothes dry on a clothesline on a warm sunny day?.
Wet clothes placed on a clothesline get dry after some time because the water gets dried up from the heat of the sun. The water is converted into water vapour, the phenomenon is known as evaporation.
What is evaporation ?Evaporation helps damp clothes dry in the sun. This is due to the fact that water in wet clothing absorbs and then evaporates heat energy from the sun. Evaporation is this process.
The temperature is higher on a sunny day than it is on a cloudy day. Wet clothing now dries quicker on a sunny day than on a cloudy day due to the fact that the rate of evaporation increases with the increase in temperature.Learn more about Evaporation here:
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Is albumin an amino acid or protein?.
Albumin is the major protein in the serum of mammals.
The liver produces a protein called albumin. The quantity of this protein in the transparent liquid component of the blood is determined by a serum albumin test.
A tiny globular protein called human albumin has a molecular weight of 66.5 kilodaltons (kDa). There are 585 amino acids in total, which are arranged into three repeated homologous domains and two distinct subdomains, A and B.
The family of globular proteins, of which serum albumins are the most common member, includes albumin. The albumin protein family is mildly soluble in high salt solutions and is heat denaturable. Milk contains -lactalbumin, while serum albumin is found in blood serum.
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When heating a liquid on the stovetop, the heated liquid becomes less dense and rises and the denser cooler liquid sinks to the bottom. What type of thermal energy transfer is occurring?.
The type of heat energy transfer that occur is convection
What is convection?Convection is the transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid (liquid or gas) between areas of different temperature.
Convection works by areas of a liquid or gas heating or cooling greater than their surroundings, causing differences in temperature. These temperature differences then cause the areas to move as the hotter, less dense areas rise, and the cooler, more dense areas sink to the bottom.
Similarly with air, hot air tends to move to a cooler region due to convection
Other mode of heat transfer are conduction and radiation.
Therefore mode of heat transfer in a liquid and gas is known as convection
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Predict the major organic product of the reaction shown. Include any lone pairs of electrons and nonzero formal charges. Draw only one compound. Your product should include a ring structure. H2N excess CH38r 1st attempt hl See Periodic Table See Hint Select a tool to begin drawing CI Marvin iS
Amines are organic substances that have a lone pair of nitrogen atoms in them.
Explain about the Amines?Alkylamines and arylamines respectively, are essentially derivatives of ammonia (NH3) in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been swapped out for a group from the alkyl or aryl family.
An important class of chemical compounds known as amines is created by substituting one or more hydrogen atoms in the ammonia molecule with an alkyl/aryl group (s). They coexist in nature with proteins, vitamins, alkaloids, and hormones. Polymers, dyes, and pharmaceuticals are examples of synthetic materials.
A nitrogen atom that is creating a total of three bonds makes up the functional group known as the amine: One connection to the organic chain's parent. Two distinct bonds, either involving an alkyl group R or a hydrogen atom
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when filling degenerate orbitals, electrons fill them singly first, with parallel spins. this way of filling orbitals known as
When filling degenerate orbitals, electrons fill them singly first, with parallel spins. This way of filling orbitals follows Hund's rule.
Each and every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is occupied by two electrons, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin, and this follows the Hund's rule.
Before paring first the electrons go into an empty orbital. Due to the negative charge of electrons, electrons are attracted to one another. To reduce repulsion, the electrons do not share orbitals.
The spins of unpaired electrons in singly occupied orbitals are the same when the second rule is taken into action.
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cfc's are in the environment because they were released into the atmosphere. what was the use of cfc's?
The production of aerosol sprays, foam blowing agents, packing materials, solvents, and refrigerants all employ CFCs.
What is CFC?
A group of compounds known as CFCs (sometimes referred to as Freons) are based on the hydrocarbon skeletons of hydrocarbons (often methane) in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms have been swapped out for chlorine and/or fluorine atoms.
CFCs are chemicals that include carbon, chlorine, and fluorine. Air conditioners, perfumes, and freezers all consume CFCs. Because CFCs are odorless and non-flammable, they are simple to utilise in home settings.
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What is the formula to add values from cell A2 to cell A20?.
In Excel, the syntax =SUM(A2:A20) is used to add the values in cells A2 and A20.
A straightforward formula can be used to add the values in a range (a collection of cells), however, the SUM function is more user-friendly when dealing with larger numbers. In contrast to =A2+A3+A4+A5+A6, =SUM(A2:A6) is less likely to have typographical errors.
To formulate the equation:
In a cell, enter =SUM and then the opening parenthesis ().
Type A2:A4 to enter the first formula range, also known as an argument (a piece of information required for the formula to function).
To distinguish the first argument from the second, type a comma (,).
C2:C3 is the second argument to type.
Enter after typing a closing parenthesis.
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draw the lewis structure for sulfur dioxide, so2. which of the statements below is true for the lewis structure of the so2 molecule? view available hint(s)for part a draw the lewis structure for sulfur dioxide, so2. which of the statements below is true for the lewis structure of the so2 molecule? there is one lone pair of electrons on the sulfur atom. there are double bonds between the sulfur atom and each of the oxygen atoms. there are single bonds between the sulfur atom and each of the oxygen atoms. there are two lone pairs of electrons on the sulfur atom.
There is one lone pair of electrons on the sulphur atom and there are double bonds between the sulphur atom and each of oxygen atoms.
What is lewis structure?A Lewis Structure is a very simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule. It is used to show how the electrons are arranged around individual atoms in a molecule. Electrons are shown as "dots" or for bonding electrons as a line between the two atoms.
What is lone pair?Lone pair (nonbonded pair, nonbonded electron pair): A valence shell electron pair associated with one atom, and not part of a covalent bond. Can be part of a noncovalent interaction. The oxygen atom of water has two lone pairs.
What is single and double bonds?A single bond is formed when two atoms share one pair of electrons, whereas a double bond is formed when two atoms share two pairs (four electrons).
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In identifying an unknown cation that was exposed to a flame that turned green, the conclusion that the cation was
a- HCl
b- Sulfur
c- Nal
d- copper
Copper cation exposed to a flame that turned green.
The chemical element copper (Cu) is a reddish, very ductile metal belonging to Periodic Group 11 (Ib) that has an exceptional ability to conduct heat and electricity. In nature, copper may be found in its free metallic state. Neolithic (New Stone Age) people originally utilised this local copper (about 8000 BCE) as a replacement for stone. Around 4000 BCE, Mesopotamia saw the beginning of metallurgy when copper was cast into molds, reduced to metal from ores with fire and charcoal, and purposefully alloyed with tin to become bronze (c. 3500 BCE). Nearly all of the copper the Romans used came from Cyprus. Its name, aes Cyprium, or "metal of Cyprus," was eventually abbreviated to cyprium and then changed to cuprum.
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What do the chain of amino acids do next after they leave the ribosome )?.
After the amino acid chain leaves the ribosome, Endoplasmic Reticulum folds, modifies, and transports the protein.
The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, serves as a factory where proteins from the ER are further processed and sorted before being transported to their final destinations: lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large, dynamic structure in the cell that performs numerous functions such as calcium storage, protein synthesis, and lipid metabolism. The ER's various functions are carried out by distinct domains, which include tubules, sheets, and the nuclear envelope.
Endoplasmic reticulum is classified into two types: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Their primary function in cells is to produce proteins, and ribosomes are attached to their surface. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: Their primary function in the liver and kidney cells is to produce lipids and detoxify toxins in the body.
Therefore, the chain of amino acids, after they leave the ribosomes, they are found in the endoplasmic reticulum and the further reaction takes place to complete the whole process which the endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for.
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a half liter of coke has about 58.0g of sugar (straight c subscript 12 straight h subscript 22 straight o subscript 11). what is the molar concentration of the sucrose?
The molar concentration of the sucrose is 13M.
What is molar concentration?
The best way to describe a solution's solute concentration is in terms of molar concentration. The total number of moles of dissolved solute per liter of solution is referred to as molarity.
What is sucrose?
The monosaccharide sugars glucose and fructose are joined to form sucrose, a disaccharide, or two-part molecule. Invertases are digestive enzymes that help honeybees break down plant nectars into honey, which is primarily a mixture of sucrose, glucose, and fructose.
Therefore, the molar concentration of the sucrose is 13M.
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The molar concentration of the sucrose is 13M.
What is molar concentration?
The quantity of moles of a solute per liter of solution is called the molar concentration, sometimes referred to as the molarity.
Molecular weight of sucrose is 342.30 The molar concentration of sucrose is the moles of sucrose divided by the amount of water used to make the solution.
Therefore the molar concentration of the sucrose is 13M.
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What happens to h the height of the mercury column, if the atmospheric pressure increases?.
The height of mercury column increases. Length of the column is directly proportional to the pressure exerted on the column.
What is atmospheric pressure?
The force that gas particles in the Earth's atmosphere apply to objects when they hit with them is known as atmospheric pressure. The atmospheric pressure is measured with a barometer. As height rises, atmospheric pressure falls.
What is mercury?
A naturally occurring chemical element called mercury is present in coal deposits as well as rock found in the earth's crust. It has the atomic number 80 and the symbol "Hg" on the periodic table. It comes in a variety of shapes: Metallic element mercury.
Therefore, the height of mercury column increases. Length of the column is directly proportional to the pressure exerted on the column.
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12.3 show that the minimum cation-anion radius ratio for a coordination number of 6 is 0.414. [hint: use the nacl crystal structure (figure 12.2), and assume that anions and cations are just touching along cube edges and across face diagonals.]
If we use the NaCl crystal structure for the minimum cation to anion radius ratio for a co-ordination number of 6, then its ratio is 0.414.
In the given problem, we need to find out the cation-anion ratio of a co-ordination number 6. In the attached image, we can see the one of the face of rock-salt structure in which cation and anion just touch along the edges, and face the diagonals.
In the face of rock salt, we can see that triangle FGH is formed and the GF is equal to 2ra because it is divided in two atoms. Hence GF=2a and
FH=GH=ra+rc
Since FGH is a right angle triangle and according to pythagoras theorem
(ra+rc)²+(ra+rc)²=(2ra)²
2(ra+rc)²=4ra²
(ra+rc)²=4ra²/2
Take square root on both side
ra+rc=2ra/√2
Divide both side by ra
(ra+rc)/ra=2/√2
1+(rc/ra)=2/√2
rc/ra=(2/√2)-1
rc/ra=(2/1.414)-1
rc/ra=1.414-1
rc/ra=0.414
Therefore, the minimum cation-anion radius ratio for a coordination number of 6 is 0.414.
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Do like radicals have the same radicand?.
Yes, similar radicals are those with the same index and radicand. When the index and the radicand of two or more radicals are the same, combining radicals is conceivable.
Finding a number that, when multiplied by itself, equals the value indicated by the radical symbol is instructed. Radicand is the name for the number displayed beneath the radical sign.
We must first transform two or more radicals into radicals of different orders in order to compare them. The radicands must then be compared. The radicals of various orders can be changed into radicals of the same order by using the least common multiple of the various orders provided.
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