An electron in the third electron energy level of the same atom has more energy compared to an electron in the first electron energy level of the same atom.
What is an atom?Atoms, which are minuscule bits of substance, are what distinguish each chemical element from the others. A negatively charged nucleus at the center of an atom is surrounded by one or more orbiting electrons. It's possible to find the positively charged, moderately massive protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus. Any primary particle of matter with at least one proton is referred to as an atom. Neon (N) and hydrogen (H) are examples of atoms (Ne).
How are atom made?Atoms first formed 13.7 billion years after the Big Bang. As the hot, dense new universe cooled, quarks and electrons were conceivably possible to form. Protons and neutrons were created by the combination of quarks, which then resulted in the formation of nuclei.
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Draw the electron configuration for a neutral atom of vanadium.
The electronic configuration of vanadium can be written as, [Ar] 3d³ 4s²
as the neutral atom of vanadium is Argon.
The chemical element vanadium has the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery-grey, malleable transition metal. The elemental metal is rarely found in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer somewhat stabilizes the free metal against further oxidation. Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in atomic orbitals. It shows the electrons in numbers, It doesn’t show the details on the spin of electrons like the orbital diagram. Electronic configuration of the Vanadium atom in ascending order of orbital energies,
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3
The neutral atom of vanadium is Argon. so, the electronic configuration of vanadium can also be written as,
[Ar] 3d³ 4s²
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which statement is true about coordination compounds? group of answer choices the metal ion donates a pair of electrons to the ligand. the metal ion acts as a lewis base. co2 is a coordination compound. the sharing of the electrons donated by the ligand forms a coordinate covalent bond to the metal. metal oxide salts are coordination compounds.
Option 3; The sharing of the electrons donated by the ligand forms a coordinate covalent bond to the metal
Two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons in a covalent bond. The two atomic nuclei are simultaneously attracting these electrons. When the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is too tiny for an electron transfer to take place to form ions, a covalent bond is created. Bonding electrons are collectively referred to as the electrons that are present in the region between the two nuclei. The hydrogen molecule is the simplest substance with a covalent connection. The linked pair is the "glue" that keeps the atoms in molecular units. Two hydrogen atoms with one electron in each's 1s orbital are the building blocks of the compound. The two electrons in the covalent link are shared by both hydrogen atoms, and each one gains an electron configuration like that of helium.
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identify the reactant, reagent, and solvent used to synthesize the following alkyl lithium reagent.
reactant: iPrcl, reagent: Mg, solvent: CH3CH2OCH2CH3, used to synthesize the alkyl lithium reagent
The most prevalent carbanion reagents used in laboratory-scale synthetic chemistry are alkyllithium, alkylaluminum, and alkylmagnesium compounds; boron and silicon have very little carbanion character. The polarity of the resulting functional group is inverted since the functional carbon atom has been decreased (an originally electrophilic carbon becomes nucleophilic). Alkyl lithium and Grignard reagents are now excellent nucleophiles and helpful reactants in synthesis, as demonstrated in the modification below. Due to alkyl groups' contribution of electrons to nitrogen's more electronegative atoms, alkylamines are more basic than ammonia. Due to this inductive effect, the alkylamine nitrogen's electron density is higher than the nitrogen in ammonium.
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typically a cup of tea (or one bag) has approximately 75 mg of caffeine in it. if the amount of caffeine per mass of leaves is 4.5%, what is the mass of tea in a standard bag? g
The mass of tea in standard bag is 3.375 g
What is meant by mass ?The amount of matter in a particle or object is represented by the dimensionless quantity mass (symbolized m). The kilograms is the International System's (SI) preferred unit of mass (kg).
Mass is a unit used to describe how much matter is present in or makes up a physical body. In classical mechanics, an object's mass is crucial to Newton's laws of motion because it influences the force needed to accelerate it and, consequently, how much inertia it has.
Given ,
Mass = volume × density
= 75 × 4.5/100
= 3.375
Therefore The mass of tea in standard bag is 3.375 g
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Applying carburetor heat will
The air density will be reduced by the application of carburetor heat, resulting in a further fall in RPM. The RPM will then steadily increase as the carburetor ice melts.
What is carburetor?
It is commonly believed that fuel injection systems, which do not use a carburetor, are less prone to ice than carburetor systems. As a result, less air flows into the carburetor throat when carburetor heat is applied. The mixture becomes considerably richer while the fuel flow stays constant, which may cause the engine to run rough.
RPM first drops when carburetor heat is applied, but it progressively rises as the ice melts. This circumstance favors the growth of carburetor icing the greatest. After the engine has started, the carburetor should be heated.
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Which of the following molecules is polar? A. CO2 B. H2C=CH2 C. H2S D. BeCl2 E. BF3
A. Polar CO2 molecules.
How can you tell if something is polar and nonpolar?Non-polar molecules lack unshared electrons and are symmetrical.
Polar molecules were asymmetric, either having atoms with differing electronegativities bound together or having single pairs of electrons on the a core atom.
What does the term "polar" and "nonpolar" mean?Because they not dissolve into water and nonpolar molecules are insoluble in water, fats, oil, gasoline, and other non-polar molecules are referred to as such.On the basis of how the hydrogen and oxygen atoms are arranged within it, glucose is yet another illustration of a polar molecule.
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in which of these compounds? 2) Ionic bonding is expected A) Cl2 B) KF C) OF2 D) HF E) H2 3) ^ polar covalent bond is found in which of these compounds? A) Hz0 B) F2 C) NaCl D) H2 E) N2 4) The bond in Cl2 is a(n) A) ionic B nonpolar covalent C) metallic D) polar ionic E) polar covalent bond:
Two chlorine atoms that are not metals make up the compound Cl2. Cl2 won't display metallic boding as a result. Cl2 won't include an ionic link since ionic bonds only form when a metal and a non-metal interact, thus it must be covalent.
Answer and justification K and F both have electronegativities of 0.8 and 4.0, respectively. Therefore, (4.0-0.8) or 3.2 is the magnitude of the electronegativity difference between K and F. K-F bonds are hence ionic in nature. In most cases, ionic compounds are created between metal and nonmetal components. For instance, the ionic compound calcium chloride is made up of the metal calcium (Ca) and the nonmetal chlorine (Cl) (CaCl2). Covalent bonds like NH3 exist. This is due to the electron being shared by nitrogen and hydrogen.
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Determine whether each compound is soluble or insoluble. For the soluble compounds, list the ions present in solution. a. AgI b. Cu3(PO4)2 c. CoCO3 d. K3PO4
All iodide anions are soluble, but Ag + + + ions are specified as an exception in the solubility criteria. AgI cannot be dissolved as a result.
Give an example of the distinction between soluble and insoluble substances?Insolubility is the property of a solute to dissolve only partially in a solvent. Significant amounts of soluble matter dissolve in water. Insoluble materials do not dissolve significantly in water. The polarity of the material affects its solubility.
What kinds of compounds are soluble and insoluble?Things that dissolve in water are referred to as soluble. Salt and sugar are soluble substances, as examples. Things that don't dissolve in water are said to be insoluble. Sand and flour are examples of insoluble materials.
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in the electrolysis of molten bai2 which product forms at the cathode
Make sure to address each question. Just at negative electrode during the electroplating process BaI2, barium is created.
Describe barium.Chemical element barium (Ba), an alkaline-earth metal belonging to 2 groups (IIa) of the chemical chart. The substance is utilized in metallurgy, and pyrotechnics, petroleum, and radiology all make use of its constituents. Barium is indeed a dry, white, powdery powder that is combined with water to form barium liquid.
What are barium's top 5 uses?The oil and gas sectors use barium compounds to create drilling mud. By lubricating the drill, drilling mud makes drilling through rocks easier. Barium compounds are used to produce paint, bricks, tiling, glass, and rubber. Fireworks have a green color thanks to barium nitrate and clorate.
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when a non-volatile solute is added to a volatile solvent, the vapor pressure of the solvent is reduced. why?
when a non-volatile solute is added to a volatile solvent, the vapor pressure of the solvent is reduced Because solute molecules occupy some of the surface sites. As a result, there is less room for the solvent molecule to vaporise.
nonvolatile solute is a material that doesn't vaporise easily. Furthermore, when dissolved into a solvent, it has no impact on the solution's vapour pressure. What exactly is indeed a nonvolatile liquid? Volatile and non - volatile liquids have a low moisture content and a large melting point. Non-volatile substances involve: Non-volatile substances are those that don't vaporise quickly. At normal room temperature and pressure, they don't have a higher vapour pressure. At ambient temperature, nonvolatile substances are mostly solids. Dissolved compounds include sodium chloride and silver nitrate. Water, with a boiling temperature of 100 degrees Celsius, is an excellent example of a non-volatile liquid. This is due to the influence of strong hydrogen bonds between molecules of water, as previously discussed. Mercury is a non-volatile liquid as well.
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Draw the Lewis structure for Is in the window below and then answer the questions that follow. Do not include overall ion charges or formal charges in your drawing. C P c ▼ 田. /.*ノ//▼ 0申0 [产 ChemDoodle b What is the electron-pair geometry for I in l3? What is the the shape (molecular geometry) ofI3? PreviousNext
The shape of the geometry is trigonal bipyramidal, linear.
What is Lewis structure?
An extremely simplified Lewis structure is used to represent the valence shell electrons in molecules. It serves as an example of how the electrons in a molecule are arranged in relation to certain atoms. As "dots" or, in the event of a bond, as a line joining the two atoms, electrons are depicted in chemical diagrams.
What is geometry?
The shape of a molecule, as opposed to the geometry of a molecule, which takes into account both the bond electron pairs and lone electron pairs of the central atom, is the structure of the molecule as predicted by the bond electron pair on the central atom.
Lewis structure
: : :
:| - | - | :
: : : :
Total 4 electron pairs present around the 1 atom
so electron pair geometry = trigonal bipyramidal
3 lone pairs and 2 bond pairs present
so molecular geometry = linear.
Therefore, the shape of the geometry is trigonal bipyramidal, linear.
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A hypothetical ionic compound has the follow formula: AB2
which options shows the most likely periodic table groups for the elements A and B
A: Group 1, B: Group 18
A: Group 2, B Group 18
A: Group 2, B Group 17
A: Group 1, B Group 17
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Select the charge and write the full ground-state electron configuration of the monoatomic ion most likely to be formed by nitrogen.
The ion of nitrogen will be negatively charged. Its electrical structure reveals that the outermost shell contains 5 electrons (valence shell).
The monatomic ion's charge that is most likely to develop is what?There is often only one atoms ion that is likely to develop for ions in and p- blocks. The columns or group that the chemical is in corresponds to the energy of that ion. For instance, because rubidium belongs to group 1, it is likely to produce an ion with a charge of 1+.
What is a monatomic ion's charge?A charged particle with just one atom is called a monatomic ion. Ions can have either a positive or negative charge. Furthermore, the
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2.) the lym.an series is brighter than the balmer series because this series of transitions ends up in the most common state for hydrogen, the ground state. why then was the balmer series discovered first?
The balmer series for hydrogen was discovered first because it lies in the visible domain of the spectrum, although the lym.an series is brighter because it exhibits a series of transitions in its more common state.
What is the balmer series?It is the set of lines derived from the emission of the hydrogen atom when an electron transits from a level n ≥ 3 to n = 2. n represents the principal quantum number referring to the energy level of the electron.
What is the lyman or lym series?It is the set of lines produced by the emission of the hydrogen atom when an electron transits from n ≥ 2 to n = 1.
There is another series called Paschen series, which corresponds to a level less than or equal to 3
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what volume of a 6.0 m solution of hcl should i dilute to create 2.0 liters of a 0.75 m hcl solution?
About 0.25 liters of 6.0 m solutions of HCl should be added to create 2.0 liters of a 0.75 m HCl solution.
Lowering a solute's concentration in a solution is the process of dilution. It entails adding significantly additional water or solvent to the solution. When more solvent is added to a solution without extra solute, the solution gets diluted.
The dilution formula is M₁V₁=M₂V₂. Here, M₁ is the initial molarity, M₂ is the final molarity, V₁ is the initial volume, and V₂ is the final volume.
Given, M₁ is 6.0 M, M₂ is 0.75 M, and V₂ is 2.0 L. We have to find V₁.
[tex]\begin{aligned}V_1&=\frac{M_2V_2}{M_1}\\&=\frac{0.75\times2}{6}\\&=\mathrm{0.25\; L}\end{aligned}[/tex]
The answer is 0.25 L.
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which of the following best describes the pattern in the atmospheric co2 concentration data over the past 200,000 years? responses the concentration of co2 fluctuate between 150 ppm and 250 ppm. the concentration of c o 2 fluctuated between 150 parts per million and 250 parts per million . the concentration of co2 fluctuate between 150ppm and 250 ppm until recently, when the concentration rose exponentially. the concentration of c o 2 fluctuated between 150 parts per million and 250 parts per million until recently, when the concentration rose exponentially. the concentration of co2 remained constant at first from 200,000 years ago until 50,000 years ago, and then began a steady decline. the concentration of c o 2 remained constant at first from 200,000 years ago until 50,000 years ago, and then began a steady decline. the concentration of co2 rose exponentially to 400ppm and leveled off at carrying capacity.
Before recently, the CO2 levels varied between 150 ppm and 250 ppm before rising dramatically.
Which successional stage is the oldest?The forest, sometimes known as the climax stage, is the first stage of a succession performance. A lichen is an example of an early species that can be found in habitats like a forest.
What caused the environment of the peppered moth to alter, and how?Urban tree trunks and buildings had turned black due to sooty air pollution brought on by industrialization and home coal fires, which also killed out lichens. Thus, the melanic form of the moth was better hidden and more likely to live and create progeny, whereas the pale form was now more visible to predators.
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Which of the following has the lowest freezing point
A. 0.1 M glucose B. 0.1 M ethanol C. 0.1 M urea D. 0.1 m Sucrose
The right answer is C) A solute's concentration affects a colligative property that causes a depression in freezing point.
What does chemistry mean by a colligative property?
Colligative qualities of solutions are characteristics that depend on the quantity of molecules or ions in the solute, but not on the kind of solute. Osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure reduction are examples of ligand-like properties.
Why are colligative qualities given that name?
Colligative means "connected to the number" in Greek, which suggests that these attributes are related to the quantity of solute particles rather than their identities. These features are known as colligative properties.
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a chemistry student needs of pentane for an experiment. by consulting the crc handbook of chemistry and physics, the student discovers that the density of pentane is . calculate the mass of pentane the student should weigh out.
A chemistry student should way out 57.56 grams of pentane for the experiment he is willing to perform.
Given,
Density of pentane = 0.626 grams/ml
Volume of the pentane = 60 ml
The above data can be used to find the mass of the pentane by using the relation between density, mass and volume which is given as:
Density = mass of substance/ volume of substance
⇒ Mass of pentane = Density of pentane X Volume of pentane
Substituting the values we get,
Mass of pentane = 0.626g/ml X 60ml = 57.56 grams
Hence, to perform the experiment the chemistry student should weigh 57.56 grams of pentane.
The given question is incomplete and the complete question is given as,
A chemistry student needs 40.0 mL of pentane for an experiment. By consulting the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, the student discovers that the density of pentane is 0.626 g cm^3. Calculate the mass of pentane the student should weigh out.
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the heat released by 4.44 mol of the ideal monatomic gas of a carnot engine is 991 j. the low temperature (388 k) contraction ends at 55.5 l. what is the volume at the beginning of this contraction?
The heat released by 4.44 mol of the ideal monatomic gas of a carnot engine is 991 J. the low temperature (388 k) contraction ends at 55.5 l.. the volume at the beginning of this contraction is 51.82 L.
Using the expression is given as :
W = n RT ln (Vf / Vi)
991 J = 4.44 mol × 8.314 J / mol K × 388 ln (55.5 / Vi )
991 = 14322.69 × ln (55.5 / Vi )
0.0691 = ln ( 55.5 / Vi )
(55.5 / Vi ) = 1.071
Vi = 51.82 L
The initial volume of the monoatomic gas is 51.85 L.
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An electrolyte will yield ions by undergoing a:
An electrolyte will yield ions by Dissolving in water.
Electrolytes:
Some compounds undergo a physical or chemical change that results in ions in solution when they are dissolved in water. These substances belong to the significant class of substances known as electrolytes. Nonelectrolytes are substances that do not produce ions when dissolved. A substance is referred to as a strong electrolyte if the physical or chemical process that produces the ions is virtually 100% effective (all of the dissolved molecule gives ions). Weak electrolytes are those in which only a very small portion of the dissolved substance goes through the ion-producing process.By measuring the electrical conductance of an aqueous solution containing the substance, substances can be classified as strong, weak, or nonelectrolytes. A substance must include freely moving, charged species in order to conduct electricity. Electricity is most commonly conducted through metallic wires, in which case electrons are the moving, charged particles. If dissolved ions are present in a solution, it may also conduct electricity, with conductivity increasing with ion concentration. The relative concentration of dissolved ions can be determined by applying a voltage to electrodes positioned in a solution. This can be done quantitatively by measuring the electrical current flow or qualitatively by examining the brightness of a light bulb incorporated into the circuit.To know more about Electrolytes:
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How can I draw all possible stereoisomers for 2-chloro-3-hexanol?
Step 1: Use bond lines to draw the shape of 2-chlorohexan-3-ol.
Step 2: Find the centers of chirality.
C-2 and C-3 are the two chiral centers. So, there are 4 stereoisomers for each of the 22 molecules.
Step 3: Change the structure of the bond lines into four structures of wedge-dashes.
The combinations will be WW, WD, DW, and DD (W is a wedge, and D is a dash).
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C4H6 VSEPR shape and Hybridization of central atom CH3COOH VSEPR shape and Hybridization of central atom CH3CH2OH VSEPR shape and Hybridization of central atom
The core of methanol, CH3CH2OH, has three atoms: two C and one O. Each internal (centre) atom's molecular (and electron-domain) shape is assigned separately. Tetrahedral geometry surrounds the first C. Tetrahedral geometry surrounds the second C.
What is C2H5OH's Vsepr shape?
According to the VSEPR theory, a molecule with an AX4 designation has a tetrahedral form, making ethanol or C2H5OH a tetrahedral molecule.
What are the CH3CH2OH bond angles?
The following diagram depicts the structure of ethanol (CH3CH2OH C H 3 C H 2 O H). This demonstrates that the oxygen atom is surrounded by two bonding groups and two lone pairs. The geometry of the electron would then be tetrahedral. Therefore, the carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen link should have a theoretical bond angle of around 109.5 degrees.
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g what is the balanced half reaction of the nitrate ion reacting to form nitrogen monoxide in acidic solution?
The balanced half reaction of the nitrate ion reacting to form nitrogen monoxide in acidic solution is:
NO3 (aq) + 3e + 4H* (aq) → NO (g) + 2H2O (l)
Acidic solutions are what?A solution that contains more positively charged hydrogen ions (H) than negatively charged hydroxide ions is said to be an acid. Vinegar and lemon juice are two typical examples of acids. A base contains more OH ions than an acid. Baking soda and household ammonia are typical examples.
Redox Reactions Balance:Redox reaction balancing is slightly more difficult than conventional reaction balancing, but still adheres to a straightforward set of guidelines. One significant distinction is the requirement to understand the half-reactions of the relevant reactants; a half-reaction table is extremely helpful in this regard. Because two half reactions can be added to create a total net equation, half-reactions are frequently helpful.
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citric acid, the compound responsible for the sour taste of lemons, has the following elemental composition: cc, 37.51%%; hh, 4.20%%; oo, 58.29%%. calculate the empirical formula of citric acid.
The compound responsible for the sour taste of lemons, has the empirical formula C₆H₈O₇.
given that :
Carbon = 37.51 %
hydrogen = 4.20 %
oxygen = 58.29 %
moles of the carbon ,C = mass / molar mass
= 37.51 / 12
= 3.12 mol
moles of the hydrogen , H = 4.20 / 1
= 4.20 mol
moles of the oxygen , O = 58.29 / 16
= 3.64 mol
diving by the smallest one :
C = 3.12 / 3.12 = 1
H = 4.20 / 3.12 = 1.33
O = 58.29 / 3.12 = 1.17
by diving by the 6 we get : C₆H₈O₇
The empirical formula is C₆H₈O₇
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Predict the shape, state the hybridization of the central atom, and give the ideal bond angle(s) and any expected deviations for: (a) BrO3-, (b) AsCl4-, (c) SeO42-, (d) BiF52-, (e) SbF4+, (f) A1f63-, (g) IF4-.
a) SbF4+ Shape: tetrahedral shape, Hybridization: sp3 hybridization, Ideal bond angle(s): 109.5, b) AsC14, Shape: seesaw shape, Hybridization:sp3d hybridization Ideal bond angle(s): 120, 90,180 , C) Se042, Shape: tetrahedral shape, Hybridization:sp3 hybridization, Ideal bond angle(s): 109.5, Deviation from ideal angle(s): < 109.5, d) BiF52-, Shape:square pyramidal shape, Hybridization:sp3d2 hybridization, Ideal bond angle(s): 90 Deviation from ideal angle(s): < 90, (e) BrO3-, Shape:trigonal pyramidal shape, Hybridization:sp3 hybridization, Ideal bond angle(s): bond angle 109.5 Deviation from ideal angle(s): bond angle <109.5
The process of hybridization known as sp3 hybridization involves the mixing and recasting of the 1s and 3p orbitals of the same element to create new hybrid orbitals with the same energy, symmetry, and fixed orientation in space. The molecule of methane is one example. One 2s orbital and three 2p orbitals are mixed to produce four hybrid orbitals with similar properties, which is referred to as "sp3 hybridization." The sp3 hybridization of an atom requires the presence of three p orbitals in addition to one s orbital.
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how many seconds are in 5.29 years
There are 166,825,440 seconds in 5.29 years.
To calculate how many seconds there are in 5.29 years, we first need to find out how many seconds there are in a year. To do that, we need to multiply the number of days within a year, the number of hours within a day, the number of minutes within a day, and the number of seconds within a minute.
1 year = 365 x 24 x 60 x 60
= 31,536,000 seconds
Once we know that, multiply that number of seconds by the number of years in the question, which is 5.29 years.
= 31,536,000 x 5.29
= 166,825,440 seconds.
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a battery harnesses a chemical reaction to extract energy in the form of useful electrical work. (a) a certain battery runs a toy truck and becomes par- tially discharged. in the process, it performs a total of 117.0 j of work on its immediate surroundings. it also gives off 3.0 j of heat, which the surroundings absorb. no other work or heat is exchanged with the sur- roundings. compute q, w, and du of the battery, making sure each quantity has the proper sign. (b) the same battery is now recharged exactly to its origi- nal condition. this requires 210.0 j of electrical work from an outside generator. determine q for the battery in this process. explain why q has the sign that it does.
The values of ΔU , w and q are -220.0 J, -117.0 J and -3.0 J respectively. As the heat is gained by the system it has a positive sign. Therefore, the value of q is 10.0 J.
A.
Here, battery is the given system. It does work to run the toy truck. Hence work ( w ) is done by the system, therefore, it's sign should be negative.
Battery releases heat to the surrounding, hence, the sign of heat ( q ) is also negative.
Write the mathematical expression for First law of thermodynamics.
ΔU = q + w
Substitute -3 J for q and -117.0 J for w to calculate ΔU of the battery.
ΔU = (-117.0 J)+(-3.0 J)
-220
That means, in this process the internal energy of the system decreases by 220 J.
Therefore, the values of ΔU , w and q are -220.0 J, -117.0 J and -3.0 J respectively.
B.
Now, the battery is recharged to its original condition. As the system has lost 220 J of energy so it
will have to gain 220 J of energy to reach its original condition.
Since, work is done on the battery by an external generator, w will have a positive sign.
Write the mathematical expression for First law of thermodynamics.
ΔU = q + w
Solve for q.
q = ΔU - w
Substitute +220.0 J for ΔU and +210.0 J for w to calculate the value of q.
q = (220.0 J) -(210.0 J)
= 10.0 J
As the heat is gained by the system it has a positive sign. Therefore, the value of q is 10.0 J.
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draw the enantiomer of (s)-2-bromo-2-chlorobutane shown below. it may help to use molecular models.
Enantiomers are pairs of compounds with exactly the same connectivity but opposite three-dimensional shapes.
What is a enantiomer?
In chemistry, an enantiomer (also called an optical isomer, enantiomer, or optical antipode) is one of two stereoisomers that are not superimposable on their own mirror image. Enantiomers are similar to the right and left hands and cannot be superimposed when looking at the same face. No amount of reorientation will align the four unique groups (see Chirality (Chemistry)) on the chiral carbons exactly. The number of stereoisomers a molecule has can be determined by the number of chiral carbons it has. Stereoisomers include both enantiomers and diastereomers.
Like enantiomers, diastereomers have the same molecular formula and are not superimposable, but they are not mirror images of each other.
Therefore, Enantiomers are pairs of compounds with exactly the same connectivity but opposite three-dimensional shapes.
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Please write the net ionic equation for Hg2Cl2(s) + NH3(aq). Thanks.
When Hg2Cl2 reacts with NH3 and it undergoes the redox reaction and it forms the following products and here Hg in liquid state and HgNH2Cl is in solid state and then Nh4Cl is in aqueous form so the net ionic equation is as follows:
Hg2Cl2(s) + NH3(aq) → Hg(l) + HgNH2Cl(s) + NH4Cl(aq)
What is redox reaction?
Redox reactions consist of two halves, a reduced half and an oxidized half, and always occur simultaneously. The reduced half gains electrons and decreases its oxidation number, and the oxidized half loses electrons and increases its oxidation number. An easy way to remember this is a mnemonic device called OIL RIG. This means "oxidation is loss" and "reduction is gain". In a redox reaction, there is no net change in the number of electrons. What is released in the oxidation half-reaction is incorporated into another species in the reduction half-reaction.
Two species that exchange electrons in a redox reaction have special names. An ion or molecule that donates
electrons is called a reducing agent. It reduces other species by donating electrons.
So what is oxidized is the reducing agent and what is reduced is the oxidizing agent.
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draw the additional resonance structure s of the structure below
The electronic bonding, including fractional bonds and fractional charges, of a single polyatomic species is collectively represented by resonance structures, which are a collection of two or more Lewis structures.
Resonance structures are two types of molecules where the chemical interaction is the same but where the distribution of electrons varies across the structure. Resonance happens when electrons can move between two opposing pi configurations.
Resonance is a term used in valence bond theory to describe how different contributing structures (or forms, also known as resonance structures or canonical structures) come together to generate a hybrid resonance (or hybrid structure) in certain molecules or ions.
Resonance is what you'll experience if the frequency matches the object's resonant frequency, which it does. When the vibrations of one object cause the frequency of its oscillations to increase, this is known as resonance.
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