Conditioning refers to the process of learning to associate a stimulus with a particular response.
Respondent behavior is a type of behavior that occurs automatically in response to a specific stimulus, without any prior learning or experience. This type of behavior is also known as reflexive behavior. In classical conditioning, a conditioned response is created by pairing an unconditioned stimulus with a neutral stimulus. For instance, you can train dogs to salivate by pairing an unconditioned stimulus like food with a neutral stimulus like a bell.
Behaviors in operant conditioning are influenced by the outcomes that follow them. Positive consequences increase the likelihood that a conduct will be repeated, whereas negative consequences decrease the likelihood of repetition.
Generally speaking, conditioning entails learning to react reflexively to a particular stimulus based on the memories and associations created via prior conditioning.
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what theory originated with the eleventh-century church theologian peter abelard?
His (i.e., peter abelard) elaboration of the idea of limbo and his introduction of the moral influence theory of atonement are what made him most famous in Catholic theology.
Abelard's view of moral right and evil stems from his conviction that God is both goodness and love, and as a result, we are obligated to love both God and our neighbor. Positive intentions show love for God and neighbor, whereas negative intents are contemptuous.
Anselm's satisfaction theory of atonement is opposed by the moral influence or moral example theory of atonement, which was created or most famously advocated by Abelard (1079-1142). Abelard worked to have man see God as loving rather than offended, harsh, or judging.
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the research assessed the realisitc likelihood of an evaluation study's successful completion given the research's time resources and expertise. which overarching standard for evaluation research was the researcher assessing
Based on the information provided, it is impossible to determine which overarching standard for evaluation research the researcher was assessing.
However, given the available resources and expertise, the researcher's assessment appears to be related to the feasibility and practicality of conducting an evaluation study. This is an important consideration in evaluation research and is consistent with several overarching standards, such as the Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation (JCSEE) Standard 4: "Systematic Inquiry," which emphasizes the importance of conducting evaluation research that is feasible, ethical, and accurate.
Other standards, such as the American Evaluation Association's (AEA) Guiding Principles for Evaluators, also emphasize the importance of conducting feasible and realistic evaluations, given the available resources and expertise. Therefore, while it is unclear which specific standard the researcher was assessing, the assessment appears to be consistent with several overarching standards in evaluation research.
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what term describes the scenario in which each group member influences, and is influenced by, every other group member?
The concept of interdependence refers to the situation in which each group member influences and is influenced by each other.
Interdependence is the degree to which team members cooperate, have an impact on one another, and are themselves affected by one another. Interdependence is exhibited by small groups, which means they have a shared goal and destiny. All group members are impacted if one or two individuals' actions cause the group to stray from or fail to accomplish its goal.
James Thompson, an organizational theorist, identified three different types of task interdependence: pooled, sequential, and reciprocal. In pooled interdependence, the team simply combines everyone's individual efforts to complete its tasks.
Individuals are supported by interdependence, giving them the vigor to support others and concentrate on their own personal development. Imagine a society in which everyone has attained a state of interdependence.
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The crossword clue *Virtual locale for exchanging ideas with 11 letters was last seen on the
The crossword clue *Virtual locale for exchanging ideas with 11 letters was last seen on the 7 February 2023.
A conundrum is a type of word puzzle which often consists of squares or a rectangular grid of squares with black and white borders. By finding out the solutions to the puzzles, you must put letters in the white squares to create words or phrases. The answer words and phrases usually arranged in a grid from left to right and from top to bottom in languages that are written left to right. The words are divided and use the shaded boxes. There are various common sizes for puzzles. Some individuals desire to finish crossword puzzles in an endeavour to better their English skills or learn more about a certain topic. They are not dishonest in these situations because finding up answers aids in achieving their objectives.
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research in sensory functions in later adulthood indicates that: a. about 50 percent of adults have uncorrectable visual impairment. b. most visual and auditory losses can be compensated for. c. hearing loss hampers one-word functioning. d. hearing remains virtually unchanged.
Option B is correct, Research in sensory functions in later adulthood indicates that most visual and auditory losses can be compensated for.
Age-related declines in sensory function are typical, therefore they can frequently be normalized. Typically, sensory alterations come on gradually, forcing the person to either adjust to the changes or ignore the losses happening. The way a person interacts with their physical and social environment can have an impact on the perceived severity of their sensory impairment. As the hand interacts with its environment, the sensory function of the hand gives feedback to the brain for object detection and protection. The efficient use of the hand depends on both the feeling of having contact with an object and the nature of that interaction.
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What was Abe Lincoln's most famous quote?
According to Keynesian economics, economic downturns are caused by ?A.Price stability B.Excess spending C.Self-regulating economies D.Bad monetary policy E.Inadequate spending
According to Keynesian economics, economic downturns are caused by inadequate spending. Hence, the correct answer is option E.
Keynesian economics holds that economic downturns result from inadequate spending, which causes a drop in demand. Businesses find it challenging to sell additional products as demand declines in an economy, and inventories of things that haven't been sold keep rising.
Due to a drop in sales, businesses stop producing items and fire manufacturing workers, which adds to the unemployment rate. This tendency continues unless the government implements a policy that acts as a boost to the economy's demand. As unemployment rises, the workers' purchasing power declines, which further affects demand.
The correct answer is option E.
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How does the lithospheric mantle differ from the asthenosphere?
The lithosphere is the outermost mechanical layer, which is brittle and hard. The asthenosphere is a solid upper mantle substance that is so heated that it may flow and behaves plastically.
The lithosphere varies from the asthenosphere in that the lithosphere is the earth's solid outer layer, whereas the asthenosphere lies below the mantle and composed of slow-moving rock.
For a few tens of millions of years, the oceanic lithosphere is less thick than the asthenosphere, but after that, it gets gradually denser than the asthenosphere. The atmosphere is the space above the surface of the Earth. This includes the air we breathe. The lithosphere is the Earth's solid core, which includes rocks and mountains.
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How does Dr. Maathai's quote, "'The more they abused... me, the more they hardened me'" contribute to the development of ideas in the text
Dr. Maathai's quote in the text helps to illustrate the idea that no matter the adversity faced, strength can be found in it. This quote serves to highlight the idea that even when facing immense pressure and opposition, it is possible to gain resilience and strength from it. This idea of strength in the face of adversity is an important theme throughout the text, and this quote helps to further emphasize it.
the federal statute that prohibits housing discrimination based on disability? fair housing amendments act
The Fair Housing Act forbids discrimination based on disability in housing and housing-related transactions.
The Fair Housing Act forbids discrimination by direct housing providers, including landlords and real estate firms, as well as other organizations, including municipalities, banks or other lending institutions, and homeowners insurance firms, whose discriminatory practices prevent people from obtaining housing because of their race or color, religion, sex, national origin, familial status, or disability.
The Fair Housing Act also outlines how individual discrimination complaints should be handled. Anyone who feels they are the victims of an illegal housing practice has the option to make a complaint with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) or to bring a lawsuit on their own behalf in a federal or state court. Using referrals from HUD, the Department of Justice files lawsuits on behalf of specific individuals.
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Type of response in which one experiences a state of calm
a. Relaxation
b. Perception
c. Psychosomatic
Type of response in which one experiences a state of Relaxation calm option a)
In psychology, relaxation is defined as an emotional state of low tension in which there is no arousal, particularly from negative sources such as anger, anxiety, or fear. Relaxation, according to Oxford Dictionaries, is when the body and mind are free of tension and anxiety.
Relaxation is a type of moderate pleasure that originates in the frontal lobe of the brain and occurs when the backward cortex sends messages to the frontal cortex via a light sedative. Meditation, autogenics, and progressive muscle relaxation can all help you relax.
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in comparison with traditional norms, which family functions have become increasingly important in modern american society? (select all that apply.)
Option c and d are correct. In contrast to conventional conventions, the family functions now play a bigger role in contemporary American culture since they promote and protect interpersonal relationships and support as well as physical and mental well.
Families have a key role in social development as the fundamental and indispensable building blocks of societies. They are primarily responsible for the upbringing, education, and socialisation of children as well as for teaching civic virtues and a sense of community. The family serves society in a number of crucial ways.
It helps control sexual activity and sexual reproduction, socialises children, gives its members emotional and practical assistance, and a sense of social identity. A family is a group of two or more people who live together and are connected by blood, marriage, or adoption.
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Correct Question:
In comparison with traditional norms, which family functions have become increasingly important in modern American society? (Select all that apply.)
a. Conferring appropriate social status
b. Educating the younger members
c. Ensuring physical and mental health
d. Fostering interpersonal relationships and support.
what is the relationship between living below the poverty line and speaking a foreign language at home?
Living below the poverty line and speaking a foreign language at home are not disjoint occurrences. Disjoint events are those that never happen at the same time; these are also known as mutually exclusive events.
A probability of an occurrence is a number in science that shows how likely the event is to occur. It is expressed as a number between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100% in percentage notation. The higher the likelihood, the more probable the event will occur.
The probability of an impossible event is zero; the chance of a certain occurrence is one. The probabilities of two complimentary events A and B - either A or B occurs - sum up to one.
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philosophy that government should not interfere with business activity
a. Laissez-faire
b. Market Structure
c. Perfect Competition
d. imperfect competition
The correct option is A; Laissez-faire , Laissez-faire is a free-market economic ideology that opposes government interference. During the 18th century, the French Physiocrats created the laissez-faire philosophy.
Laissez-faire advocates believe that when governments intervene in industry and markets, economic success suffers.
The laissez faire philosophy holds that the government should not intervene in the marketplace in general. Laissez-faire is a doctrine of little government intervention in the economic affairs of individuals and society.
(Little government economic regulation. The notion that the government should not interfere with the free operation of the economy. The government should not be involved in the economy (hands off should not regulate business).
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Researchers want to know whether the age at which people begin using a cell phone is associated with their level of extroversion. The researchers will examine the number of people that participants interact with in a day.
Which of the following words describe "extroversion" in the context of this study?
- measured
- conceptual
- variable
- manipulated
- operational
- constant
The words that describe "Extroversion”; measured, conceptual and variable. The words that do not describe “Extroversion”; manipulated, operational and constant.
What are the names for extroverts?
A sociable person who enjoys interacting with others and being around them is an extrovert. Extroverts enjoy social gatherings, telephone conversations, and new acquaintances.
This term has a specific psychological meaning, and the opposite is an introvert. the condition or propensity of being predominately interested in and finding satisfaction in that which is external to oneself.
What's an illustration of extraversion?
Talkative, active, aggressive, and outgoing characteristics all fall under the category of extraversion. Here, social engagement is crucial. Extraverts frequently go up to the plate as leaders, first to voice their thoughts and recommendations.
Particularly when it comes to dating, they frequently strike up conversations with strangers right away.
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describe the memory bono and troy's have of their father, troy's a bit more in depth. discuss some ways this could have influenced who they presently are.
a) Troy and Bono have very different memories of their father. Troy has vivid memories of their father teaching him how to play baseball, taking him fishing, and attending church with him.
b) Both Troy and Bono's memories of their father could have contributed to who they are today. Troy might be a more involved and caring father, while Bono might be more distant and removed.
Troy remembers his father as a loving, hardworking man who was always there for him. Bono, on the other hand, remembers their father as an absent figure who was rarely home.
Troy's more vivid memories of their father could have influenced his views on fatherhood and his own role as a father. He might be more involved with his children, teaching them how to play sports, taking them fishing, and attending church with them. He also might be more likely to prioritize spending time with his children, instead of neglecting them like his father did.
Bono's more distant memories of their father could have shaped his views on parenthood and his own role as a father. He might be more likely to put his work first, neglecting his children and family life in favor of his career. He might also be more likely to be distant and aloof with his own children, unable to relate to them on a deeper level because of his memories of his own father.
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What are typical characteristics of the members of a classroom audience?They possess ideas, attitudes, feelings.
The typical characteristics of the members of a classroom audience are that they possess ideas, attitudes, and feelings.
Dissecting data concerning your audience members is the course of crowd investigation. The study hall crowd isn't extremely huge. They have a decent comprehension of you. You can rapidly figure out what to say by really looking at their heartbeat. Furthermore, you can expect them to gesture in understanding while you talk.
You are acquainted with this crowd, accordingly, it is basic for you to distinguish their common advantages. Recognizable proof of the crowd is fundamental to fit a discourse to their inclinations, level of cognizance, perspectives, and convictions.
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list the names of the tectonic plates that meet to create the mid-atlantic ridge
Where the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate converge is a divergent tectonic plate barrier known as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
The barrier, which stretches over 10,000 miles from Iceland in the north to Antarctica in the south, is a mountain range that runs along the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.
Two of the biggest tectonic plates on Earth, the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate, are separated by a series of deep rift valleys and volcanic activity.
Along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, new oceanic crust is formed as a result of the movement of these plates, and it slowly expands outward over time.
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what is the central defining characteristic of a psychopath?
An array of affective, interpersonal, and behavioral traits, such as impulsivity, irresponsibility, superficial emotions, a lack of empathy, guilt, or remorse, pathological lying, and a pattern of persistently breaking social norms and expectations are all considered to be components of psychopathy.
What distinguishes a psychopath from other people?
Psychopathy is a severe personality condition that is characterized by antisocial behavior, dishonesty, carelessness, and a lack of regret or empathy.
What 4 characteristics define a psychopath?
While it is true that those who have the disease exhibit a variety of unsettling traits, such as a lack of empathy and guilt, grandiosity, impulsivity, and occasionally violent or aggressive behavior, new research demonstrates that those who have psychopathy can also differ in their severity and kind of this trait.
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when is it appropriate to use deception? when is it not appropriate? how can the negative effects of deception be eliminated?
Deception can be employed to test experimental hypotheses, but it will not impact a subject's decision to participate in a research.
It would not be suitable if it might cause harm to a test participant. When other procedures that generate legitimate study findings are available, the IRB prohibits the use of deceit. Participants are deprived of the ability to safeguard their own interests as a result of the deceit.
The participants' capacity to estimate the hazards of engagement is hampered by the lack of information. Among the specific problems addressed when deceit is employed are: Participants may experience negative emotional states such as self-doubt, distrust, wrath, anxiety, perplexity, and humiliation. Participants suffered long-term psychological stress.
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Analyse the negative effect of peoples personal views about infectious diseases on the health and safety of people
Answer:
Well, it's a sad reality that people's personal views about infectious diseases can have a significant impact on the health and safety of others. When individuals hold misconceptions or beliefs that are not based on science, they can make decisions that put themselves and those around them at risk.
For example, some people may believe that vaccines are dangerous or ineffective, which can lead them to refuse to get vaccinated themselves or allow their children to be vaccinated. This not only puts those individuals at risk of getting sick, but it also contributes to the spread of disease by creating pockets of unvaccinated people in the population.
Similarly, people who believe that certain diseases are not serious or only affect certain groups of people may not take the necessary precautions to protect themselves and others. They may ignore public health guidelines, such as wearing masks or practicing good hygiene, which can contribute to the spread of disease.
Explanation:
In conclusion, it's important that we all educate ourselves about infectious diseases and base our views on the best available scientific evidence. Doing so will help protect ourselves, our communities, and our world from the negative effects of misinformation and misperceptions.
a researcher is comparing iq and poverty rates among a group of 5-year-olds, 8-year-olds, and 11-year-olds. this is an example of a(n) study.
In cross-sectional research, variables are recorded for each participant and a population is examined at a specific point in time, similar to taking a cross-section of a group.
Developmental psychologists research how people change, adapt, and grow during different phases of life. They perform research geared to help people attain their greatest potential – for example, investigating the difference between learning styles in babies and adults.
Cross-sectional research has the major drawback of revealing information about age disparities rather than actual changes with age or across time.
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Why does Angelina Grimke believe in abolition?
Angelina Grimke believed in abolition due to her Quaker faith and her firsthand experience with the atrocities of slavery. This conviction led her to become a prominent abolitionist and women's rights activist.
Explanation:Angelina Grimke was a well-known activist for both the abolitionist movement and women's rights. She believed in abolition because she was deeply influenced by her religious faith - she was a Quaker, a group known for their anti-slavery views. Angelina, along with her sister Sarah, were introduced to Quaker beliefs in their early childhood by their mother's friend, while living in a Southern, slave-owning family. Their exposure to these beliefs and seeing the harsh realities of slavery made Angelina believe that slavery was morally wrong and against human rights, prompting her to actively fight for abolition.
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the people on this ship were ___, meaning they could eventually buy their freedom.
a- political prisoners
b- indentured servants
c- temporary workers
d- military officers
Answer:
the answer is the first one
What is the name of the technique, commonly used by stage performers, that involves using visible information about a person to make high-probability guesses about them? a) Superior mirage b) Cold reading c) Fixed focusness d) Sleight of hand
The correct option is B ; Cold reading is a technique commonly used by stage performers, such as psychics and fortune tellers, that involves using visible information about a person to make high-probability guesses about them.
Cold readers use verbal cues, body language, and other clues to make educated guesses about the person they are interacting with. The technique is often used to create the illusion of psychic abilities or ESP. Cold reading can also be used to gain information from a person without them realizing it.
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Economists generally agree that which of the following is the single most important source of improvements in productivity?a. the effectiveness of managersb. the quantity of physical capitalc. the quality of physical capitald. the availability of land and other natural resourcese. the application of new technologies to production and distribution
Option e is Correct. Most economists concur that the single most significant factor contributing to productivity increases is the incorporation of new technology into production and distribution.
GDP is significant since it provides information on the size and health of an economy. Real GDP growth is frequently used as a gauge of the economy's overall health. In general, a growth in real GDP is seen as a positive indicator of the health of the economy.
How much output can be produced with a given set of inputs is referred to as productivity in economics. When more output is generated using the same number of inputs or when the same amount of output is produced using fewer inputs, productivity increases.
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Correct Question:
Economists generally agree that which of the following is the single most important source of improvements in productivity?
a. the effectiveness of managers
b. the quantity of physical capital
c. the quality of physical capital
d. the availability of land and other natural resources
e. the application of new technologies to production and distribution
studies that examine whether constructs (e.g. happiness) are conceptualized the same way across cultures, the relationship of a construct to other constructs, or the measurement of a construct are called
On the other hand, bias is a term for differences that don't mean the same thing in different cultures.
Standard methods of measurement, like Likert scales, are used in cross-cultural studies to compare and distinguish people from different cultures.
A condition or state of conceptual meaning and empirical method similarity between cultures that allows for meaningful comparisons; a lack of prejudice. Studies in which conditions are created by researchers to establish relationships between events.
What are studies of comparison between cultures?Cross-cultural studies aim to comprehend variations in human behavior as influenced by cultural context through systematic comparisons of various cultures.
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senator elizabeth warren read a letter written by _____ during a confirmation hearing.
Coretta Scott King. Senator Elizabeth warren read a letter written by Coretta Scott King during a confirmation hearing.
Elizabeth Ann Warren is an American politician and former law professor who has held the position of Senator from Massachusetts since 2013.
A member of the Democratic Party and considered a progressive social safety net in the Senate, Warren was the nominee for the 2020 Democratic presidential primary, where she ultimately came in third.
In 1970, after she graduated from Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Warren taught children with disabilities in public schools for a year before she enrolled in Law School.
During her law studies, she spent summers as an associate at Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft. After earning a Juris Doctor degree and passing the bar exam, Warren provided legal services from home, wrote wills, and completed estate closures.
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Intelligence tests that are intended to be culturally unbiased; Test that contain material that is equally familiar to people who differ in their ethnicity, native language, or immigrant status is called?
Cultural fairness tests should be equally familiar to people of different backgrounds to be considered culturally neutral.
A cultural intelligence exam is what, exactly?A method for evaluating and increasing effectiveness in circumstances involving different cultures is known as CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE, or CQ®. Leading businesses, colleges, and governments utilize it because it is based on rigorous academic research that was carried out in more than 100 nations.
What kind of cognitive tests are fair regardless of culture?In 1949, Raymond Cattell developed the Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT) in an effort to assess cognitive ability free from sociocultural and environmental effects.
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The client exhibits auditory hallucinations while the nurse is performing a mental health assessment. The nurse should document this as an alteration in which component of the mental health assessment?
The client's auditory hallucinations should be documented as an alteration in the client's perception component of the mental health assessment.
Perception refers to how a person experiences and interprets sensory information from their environment, including auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory, and gustatory stimuli. Auditory hallucinations are a type of perceptual disturbance characterized by hearing voices or sounds that are not present in reality.
As such, the nurse should note the client's auditory hallucinations in the perception section of the mental health assessment.
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