Each enzyme has an ideal pH, but it also has a range of different ph within which it can continue to function. The lipase will determine this. The stomach's acidity causes the pepsin enzyme to break down proteins.
What is enzyme made of?Proteins called enzymes were made up of amino acids connected by one or more peptide chains. The fundamental structure of a polypeptide refers to this arrangement of amino acids. This in turn determines the enzyme's three-dimensional structure, including the active site's shape.
What is the function of enzyme?Enzymes, which are proteins, help speed up the metabolism of our bodies' chemical reactions. While certain chemicals are generated, others are decomposed. Everything that is alive contains enzymes. Naturally, enzymes are produced by our bodies.
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The ______ functional division of the nervous system transmits information from the viscera to the central nervous system.
The visceral sensory division functional division of the nervous system transmits information from the viscera to the central nervous system.
The visceral (or autonomic) motor system controls involuntary functions mediated by the activity of smooth muscle fibers, cardiac muscle fibers, and glands.
The nervous system that regulates the visceral system is carried out by the autonomic nervous system whose neuron cell bodies are in the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia and innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. This visceral motor system is regulated by a feedback system via the dorsal ganglia of the spinal cord and sensory ganglia of the cranial nerves which make local reflex connections in the spinal cord and brainstem.
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it is a common fallacy that reproduction most commonly results in the birth of new organisms. in fact, reproduction more commonly involves . select one: a. the production of new cells b. parthenogenesis c. asexually produced offspring d. cytokinesis
Reproduction more commonly involves formation of new cells either by asexual or sexual method.
Reproduction is the process of formation of new offspring from parent either sexually or asexually. It involves formation of new cells from pre existing cells when they divide.It results in the formation of zygote. Zygote is single celled and divides to form an adult organism.
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What differences in structure would be necessary in order for each limb to accomplish its specific functions
Cells must be specified and committed to make the limbs. For a limb to be formed, the specific muscle cells for the limbs should be formed. The limbs of different animals vary.
What is cell specification?Cell specification is a phenomenon in which the cell is committed to a certain function and can't change it. In the zygote stage, the cell is not committed to any particular function, but as the cells multiply, they begin to commit to a particular cell type. Cells such as the muscle cells of the limb should be specified and committed to the particular structure that is required for the limb. The minimum structures for the limb are structures to move, to make living place by digging the soil etc. so the limb should have nails, claws , digits etc.
Hence, because no specific animal limb is mentioned, cell specification and commitment are the result of the limb's specific structural features.
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if an individual who is homozygous for type b blood marries a heterozygous type a individual, what is the chance that their first child will have type ab blood?
50%. Red blood cells with blood group a antigens have anti-B plasma antibodies. Plasma from people with blood group B contains anti-A antibodies and B antigens. Blood group O has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma but no antigens.
What about blood groups?Your blood type is determined by the genes you inherited from your parents.Each of the eight different blood types can either be RhD positive or RhD negative.The eight most frequent blood types are A+, A-, B+, B-, O+, O-, AB+, AB-. In addition to the A and B antigens, the Rh factor is a protein that can either be present (+) or absent (-).The least common blood types are B negative (B -ve), which make up just 1.5% of the population. AB negative, or AB -ve, which makes up 0.6% of the population. AB +ve, which is present in 3.4 percent of the population. Red blood cells that are type O negative are thought to be the safest to give to anyone in a life-threatening situation or when there is a shortage of blood that is exactly the right match. Because type O negative blood cells lack antibodies to A, B, or Rh antigens, this is the case. Rh-null is one of the rarest blood types in the world. Due to the absence of any Rh antigens, this blood type can't be Rh negative. Less than 50 individuals have this blood type. Sometimes, it is referred to as "golden blood."Learn more about blood groups here:
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owen lovejoy hypothesized that: a. bipedalism meant less body surface to expose to the sun, resulting in a smaller body size. b. monogamy and food needs created the necessity for bipedalism. c. bipedalism arose in areas where the forest was disappearing. d. bipedalism arose as a result of a shift to hunting as a primary source of food.
Owen Lovejoy hypothesized that monogamy as well as food needs created the necessity for bipedalism.
So, the correct option is B.
According to Lovejoy's idea, sexual dimorphism suggested that acquiring food would increase the newborn survival rate. While females guarded their young, men were in charge of providing for the females (Lovejoy, 1980). The significance of bipedalism in early human evolution. Males who could walk on two legs were able to carry more food than their quadrupedal counterparts, which made the knuckle-walkers appear much less attractive to females.
In this hypothesis, the upright men were just more effective wage earners. Bipedalism may have had at least four direct effects on the development of language and cognition, two of which were specifically related to the capacity to produce human speech sounds and two of which were generally connected to the development of increased brain size and cognition.
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5. You are asked to catalogue several species by their life
strategies. What criteria would you use to determine the
predominant life strategy of each species?
Criteria that would use to determine the predominant life strategy of each species will be examining each species' life span, sexual maturity age, and the number of offspring produced throughout a reproductive cycle.
The fundamental unit of biodiversity, a species also serves as the taxonomic rank and classification of an organism. A species is frequently described as the biggest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the right sexes or mating types can successfully reproduce sexually and result in fertile offspring.
The karyotype, DNA sequence, shape, behavior, or ecological niche of a species are other methods to define it. Due to the inability to study fossil reproduction, paleontologists also employ the chronospecies idea.
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Categorize the given minerals into metallic and non-metallic minerals?
• Iron,gold,quartz,calcite,petrolium,copper,aluminium,diamon
d,emerald,rubies,topaz,coal,sapphires.
Iron, Gold, Aluminum, Sapphires and Copper are the metallic minerals while Quartz, Calcite, Diamond, Rubies, Emerald, Topaz, Coal and Petroleum are the non-metallic minerals.
What are minerals?Mineral is a chemical compound which is normally crystalline in nature. It is a solid substance present in nature made up of one or more and elements which are combined together.
It is formed as a result of geological processes . For example it includes quartz, calcite, sulphur, clay minerals etc. Minerals are used in the production of ceramics oftenly.
Properties of minerals :
1. They have characteristic chemical composition
2. They have highly ordered atomic structures
3. They have several physical properties such as hardness, luster and cleavage.
Thus, Iron, Gold, Aluminum, Sapphires and Copper are the metallic minerals while Quartz, Calcite, Diamond, Rubies, Emerald, Topaz, Coal and Petroleum are the non-metallic minerals.
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the rate of decay for carbon-14 is -0.693 b and its the half-life is 5,730 years. if an organism has 45% of its carbon-14 compared to the living sample. how old is the fossil?
If the organism has 45% of its carbon-14 compared to the living sample then the fossil is 6555 years old.
Given that,
ln [tex]N_{t}[/tex]= ln N₀ − λt
= ln ([tex]N_{t}[/tex] / N₀) = − λt
We can the value of λ using the expression,
λ = 0.693 / [tex]t_{1/2}[/tex]
= 0.693 / 5730
= 1.209 × 10⁻⁴ a⁻¹
Putting in the numbers we get,
ln (45 / 100) = 1.209 × 10⁻⁴ a⁻¹ × t = -0.7985
t = 0.7985 / (1.209 × 10⁻⁴)
t= 6555 years
Hence the sample is 6555 years old.
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How is recycling paper similar and different to how an ecosystem recycles nutrience.
Answer:
Its decomposition
Explanation:
When an organism dies fungi and bacteria break it down to gain nutrients and return nutrients to the soil, just like how paper is broken down over time except there are no nutrients gained.
Where do human cells get most of the energy they need for metabolism?
Answer:
As we have just seen, cells require a constant supply of energy to generate and maintain the biological order that keeps them alive. This energy is derived from the chemical bond energy in food molecules, which thereby serve as fuel for cells.
Explanation:
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some land mammals have common ancestors even though they themselves envolved on different continets. this is to what
All living beings are in fact descendants of a completely unique ancestor typically referred to as the closing generic not unusual ancestor (LUCA) of all life on the planet, in accordance with fashionable evolutionary biology.
The common ancestor is an impact of speciation, wherein more than one species derive from a single ancestral populace.
Amniotes referred to as synapsids have been the ancestors of mammals. Synapsids named pelycosaurs had a number of the trends of mammals via 275 million years in the past. some synapsids evolved into therapsids, which have become massive at some point of the Permian length.
If two or more species percentage a unique physical characteristic, which includes a complex bone structure or a frame plan, they'll all have inherited this option from a commonplace ancestor. physical capabilities shared due to evolutionary history (a not unusual ancestor) are said to be homologous.
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Humans are made up of many types of cells, and these cells have a broad range of sizes. For example, a type of fat cell called an adipocyte has a radius of approximately 50 um, while a type of heart muscle cell called a cardiomyocyte has a radius of about 15 um. Surface area of a sphere: A = 47m2 Assuming both cell types are perfectly spherical, approximately how many times larger is the surface area of an adipocyte compared to the surface area of a cardiomyocyte? Round your answer to the nearest integer. times Show Calculator
Based on the radius of the adipocyte and cardiomyocyte as well as the ratio of the surface area of an adipocyte and cardiomyocyte, the surface area of an adipocyte compared to the surface area of a cardiomyocyte is 11 times larger.
What is the formula to calculate the surface area of a sphere?The formula to calculate the surface area of a sphere is given below as follows;
The surface area of a sphere = 4πr²Where;
π is a constant = 22/7r is the radius.From the data provided:
The radius of adipocyte = 50 μm
The radius of cardiomyocyte = 15 μm
Surface area of adipocyte = 4 * 22/7 * (50)²
Surface area of adipocyte = 31416 μm²
Surface area of cardiomyocyte = 4 * 22/7 * (15)²
Surface area of adipocyte = 2827.4 μm²
The ratio of the surface area of adipocyte and cardiomyocyte = 31416/2827.4
The ratio of the surface area of adipocyte and cardiomyocyte = 11
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if you made a change in the promoter sequence in the dna that inactivates the promoter, what would happen at the rna level? group of answer choices nothing, the rna would be made as usual. the mutation of the dna would be carried through to the rna sequence.
If the Promoter in DNA is inactivated, then the gene's transcription (production of RNA) under the control of that inactivated Promoter will halt.
The Promoter is a DNA sequence upstream to a gene, and it regulates the production of RNA of the immediate gene (a process called transcription). In transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a promoter and starts producing RNA. If Promoter is inactivated, then RNA polymerase will not be able to bind to it, leading to no RNA production.
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In many animals, glucose rather than starch, is transported by the blood through the body to all the cells. Starches in many foods are digested to yield glucose. Based on what you learned in this laboratory activity, explain why the digestion of starch to glucose is necessary.
Answer:
So, to answer your question, digestion of starch to glucose is necessary because enzymes and transport molecules require small, regular molecules to manipulate, and because glucose serves as the basis for most carbohydrate metabolism.
Explanation:
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How are the genes involved in the production of proteins?
Answer:
Genes carry genetic material called RNA which are used for protein synthesis
Answer:
Genes contain Codes from DNA .
Explanation:
They are two way in which genes can code for a Protein . A DNA in the nucleus (translation or transcription these are two process to send genes according to the needed ) with help of mRNA to the ribosomes and tRNA gather the specific amino acids for the specific protein .
All these can happen because genes contain the necessary codes for a specific protein .
please help analyze this
Newton second law of motion state that force is needed to accelerates or decelerate a body
There is gravity on the international space station but astronauts appear to be weightless because both the space station and the astromouts are in free fall and gene Cernan was the first astromouts who worked on a task outside a spaceship and he said of the experience and said 'every time i had push or turn a valve and it would turn my entire body at zero gravity
Newton second law stated that force is needed to accelerates or decelerates a body and astromouts must learn how to push themselves carefully through their spacecraft or they will simply float around helplessly and an astronauts orbiting the earth does feel weightless because there is no ground or normal force to counteract the force of gravity
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Why isn't there more information about the dangers of sugar?
Answer:
Because the dangers are affecting your body slowly and people realize it many time later
Explanation:
The atomic theory has changed as scientists discovered more information about atoms. Which of the following statements
follows the current understanding of atoms?
The atomic theory has changed as scientists discovered more information about atoms statements follows the current understanding of atoms is there is the finite number of kind of atom that combine to make all matter of the universe
Chemistry is based on the modern atomic theory which stated that all matter is composed of atom and atom themselves are composed of protons and neutron and electron and each element has its own atomic number and which is equal to the number of proton in its nucleus and on the cosmic scale of the universe and assume that amount of matter created and uncreated cancel each other out and this mean that matter is finite so there are the same number of atom in the observable universe
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in the real world, many factors determine the numbers of organisms in any one population. yet, a hypothetical species of fly with unlimited food and no mortality would show what type of growth?
A hypothetical species of fly with unlimited food and no mortality would show biological exponential growth and will have a J-shaped graph.
The uncontrolled expansion of a population of organisms that occurs when resources in its habitat are limitless is referred to as biological exponential growth. For a population to continue to grow unhindered, resources must be readily available. As Charles Darwin discovered in formulating his theory of natural selection, each species should be able to completely realize its innate capacity to increase in number when resources in the environment are limitless.
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which of the following characteristics of the structure of dna was determined directly from x-ray diffraction photographs of crystallized dna? question 9 options: the frequency of a versus t nucleotides the sequence of nucleotides the double helical structure the length of a given dna molecule
The double helical structure of DNA was determined directly from X-ray diffraction photographs of crystallized DNA.
Watson and Crick are credited with discovering the structure of DNA, but Rosalind Franklin's discoveries played a crucial role in assisting them in doing so. Rosalind Franklin and Francis Wilkins used X-ray crystallography to study DNA to determine its structural properties. An X pattern was observed in the Franklin and Wilkins diffraction pattern, which suggested a two-stranded helical form of DNA. They also inferred that the helix's diameter must also be consistent with the patterns' consistency.
So, the correct option is "DNA has a double helix structure."
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(complete question)
Which of the following characteristics of the structure of DNA was determined directly from X-ray diffraction photographs of crystallized DNA?
a. the length of a given DNA molecule
b. the sequence of nucleotides
c. the double helical structure
d. the frequency of A versus T nucleotides
Down's Syndrome is also called Trisomy 21 because affected people have three copies of chromosome 21. How is this possible?
a
In a mistake in mitosis, the fertilized egg has two copies of chromosome 21.
b
In a mistake in meiosis, the fertilized egg has two copies of chromosome 21.
c
Either the sperm cell or the egg cell has one copy of chromosome 21.
d
Either the sperm cell or the egg cell has two copies of chromosome 21.
Answer: D.
Explanation: hope this helps!
In a family that carries an X-linked recessive trait, which outcome would be expected?
X linked recessive trait in this condition will have equal chances of expressions in the conditions.Option A is correct.
What is a X linked recessive trait ?X linked recessive trait means that the mutated gene is present on the X chromosome.
Thus, The mutated gene present on the X chromosome will have equal chances that is 50% in sons and 50% in daughters.
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Changes in ________ structure and function have been demonstrated in adolescents who are either at-risk or have been diagnosed with various mood and/or anxiety disorders.
Changes in amygdala structure and function have been demonstrated in adolescents who are either at-risk or have been diagnosed with various mood and/or anxiety disorders.
What does amygdala
The amygdala is the part in the anatomy of the brain that is associated with the processes of emotion, behavior, and memory.
This part of the brain is shaped like an almond. The amygdala is located deep in the temporal lobe, the part of the cerebral cortex in the middle of the brain.
In this central area of the brain, the amygdala is next to the hippocampus, the part of the brain associated with memory formation.
Along with the hippocampus, the amygdala is part of the limbic system.
The limbic system itself is a structure in the brain involved in behavioral and emotional responses.
In addition to the hippocampus and amygdala, the limbic system also consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and basal ganglia.
Structure and function of the amygdala
The amygdala is located on two sides of the brain, namely the right and left brain.
The right side is involved with negative emotions, while the left is associated with negative and positive emotions.
Each hemisphere of the amygdala has three parts. Each part is connected to other brain structures that have different functions. the three parts, namely:
- The medial (middle) subnucleus group associated with the olfactory bulb and cortex (related to olfactory function or the sense of smell).
- The basolateral group (bottom and sideways) is connected to some of the cerebral cortex, especially the frontal lobes.
- Groups of middle and anterior (front) nuclei that connect with the brainstem, hypothalamus, and sensory structures.
The connection between the amygdala and these brain structures links cognitive functions (thinking, learning, and remembering) with physiological functions of the body (such as breathing, heartbeat, touch, or smell).
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Q1 ) Briefly explain how exchange of gases take place in humans.
Q2) Using a venn diagram, compare and contrast between Aerobic Respiration and Anaerobic Respiration
Q3) Paheli participated in a 400m race competition held at her school and won the race. When she came home she had mixed feelings of joy and pain as she had cramps in her leg muscles. After a massage, She was relieved of the pain. Answer the following questions related to the situation.
a) What can be the possible reason for the pain in her legs?
b) Why did she feel comfortable after a massage
Q4) Why does an athelete breathe faster and deeper than usual after finishing the race?
3. (a) The buildup of lactic acid in her muscles may be the source of the pain in her legs.
(b) The massage relieved her because it increases blood circulation, which increases oxygen supply to the muscle cells and aids in the complete breakdown of lactic acid into CO and water.
4. The athlete's body requires extra oxygen as he runs in the race. So that the body may receive more oxygen, its breathing rate quickens.
What is breathing?
The act of breathing, also known as ventilation, involves moving air into and out of the lungs in order to facilitate gas exchange with the body's internal environment, primarily to expel carbon dioxide and draw in oxygen. These gases are moved to and from the cells by the circulatory system of the body, where "cellular respiration" occurs. Lactic acid is produced when muscle cells respire anaerobically during strenuous exercise, jogging, etc.
Hence, the buildup of lactic acid in her muscles may be the source of the pain in her legs, massage relieved her because it increases blood circulation, and an athlete's body requires extra oxygen as he runs in the race so he's breathing faster.
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HELP. QUESTION: Do we learn from our mistakes using pesticides that contained DDT was very effective in controlling insect pests on many crops. It was subsequently banned because of this harmful side effect
A. Soft egg shells
B. Bioaccumulation
C. Birth defects in baby chicks
D. Death of small mammals
DDT was subsequently banned despite being very effective when used as pesticides because of its harmful side effect of: (B) bioaccumulation.
DDT has the full form Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. It was a very commonly used pesticide or insecticide. It is a crystalline chemical compound. Apart from bioaccumulation, DDT was also responsible for the decrease in the reproductive rate of birds due to thinning of eggshells.
Bioaccumulation is the phenomenon where the intake of a chemical compound in an organism is more than its excretion or breakdown. In this phenomenon, the chemical agent quantity keeps building up gradually with time in an individual. Pesticide and pollution are the two most common reasons for bioaccumulation.
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which is true regarding niacin? question 15 options: it can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid tryptophan. eggs are a good source of preformed niacin. the niacin deficiency disease is beriberi. corn has a protective effect against niacin deficiencies.
The correct statement about niacin is : It can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid tryptophan.
Niacin is a vitamin B that your body produces and uses to convert food into energy. Your skin, digestive system, and nervous system all benefit from it. Although niacin (vitamin B-3) is frequently included in daily multivitamins, most individuals obtain enough niacin through their diets.
The creation of energy from nutrients that produce energy requires niacin.
Supplemental niacin lowers LDL cholesterol while raising HDL cholesterol.
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a wound in which the epidermis is scraped away with minimal bleeding, such as commonly occurs when a child falls on his knees on a sidewalk, is called ano:
A wound in which the epidermis is scraped away with minimal bleeding, such as commonly occurs when a child falls on his knees on a sidewalk, is called a(n): abrasion.
What is abrasion?Abrasion is a wear that occurs on the skin due to frictional friction. A slight injury occurs that can cause a small bleeding or secretion in the injury. It is not a serious type of wound, it is something very superficial and minimal that can be treated with certain care.
Therefore, we can confirm that the correct option is: abrasion.
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A wound in which the epidermis is scraped away with minimal bleeding, such as commonly occurs when a child falls on his knees on a sidewalk, is called a(n):
Abrasion.
Contusion.
Avulsion.
Evisceration.
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what is the most fundamental reason that taxonomy changes (sometimes rapidly), at all levels (order, family, genus, species, etc)?
When scientists discover new species that can trade type structures so that you can accommodate them. DNA sequencing has additionally let us discover more about evolutionary relationships.
There are new species of plant life and animals that have steadily developed. consequently, there may be a want to reclassify organisms based totally on their newly discovered trends. the new species have new traits that never existed before; hence, scientists have come up with new methods of category.
The species is the most essential unit in taxonomy and ranks at the bottom of the biological type hierarchy. members of the equal species proportion an equal evolutionary history and are extra carefully related to every apart from they're to some other organisms, inclusive of different contributors of the identical genus.
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defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by a) innate immunity. b) adaptive immunity. c) immunological surveillance. d) skin defenses.
The body's natural defenses against all disease types are known as innate immunity.
The innate, or nonspecific, immune system is one of vertebrates' two main immune defense systems, together with the adaptive immune system. Innate immunity is the oldest and most common immune response in plants, fungi, insects, and early multicellular animals in terms of evolutionary defense mechanisms (see Beyond vertebrates).
The following are some of the innate immune system's main responsibilities:
The complement cascade is activated to identify bacteria, excite cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells by producing chemical factors, such as chemical mediators referred to as cytokines.The adaptive immune system is triggered by antigen presentation and functions to identify and destroy foreign compounds in organs, tissues, blood, and lymph.To know more about natural defenses
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Which of the following describes the photic zone of the open ocean?
ANSWER IF YOU'RE 100 PERCENT SURE!!!
THIS IS FOR A TEST
A. The part of the ocean that CANNOT support photosynthesis
B. The darkest part of the ocean, where NO light can penetrate
C. The shallowest part of the ocean where there is enough light to support plant life.
Answer:
C is the answer of ur question
