Cubic Unit Cells. Eight atoms, which represent the real cube, define the simple cubic unit cell. Since they are corner atoms, each one only adds an eighth of an atom to the unit cell, giving us a total of just one net atom.
What is a primitive cubic cell?
Each simple cubic unit cell in the primitive cubic lattice (cP) has a total of one lattice point since there is one lattice point on each of the cube's four corners. The unit cell contains one atom overall (18 8), because each atom at a lattice point is subsequently distributed equally among eight neighbouring cubes.
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a. positrons and electrons combine to form gamma rays b. an atomic nucleus loses two or more alpha particles c. small nuclei combine to form an atom of a greater atomic number d. an atomic nucleus splits into two fragments
A nucleus loses two protons and two neutrons when it emits an alpha particle (4. 2He). As a result, the mass number A reduces and the atomic number Z drops by two.
What occurs when a positron is lost from the nucleus of an atom?Positron decay often takes place in big radionuclides that are "proton-rich" because positron emission reduces the proton number compared to the neutron number. Nuclear transmutation, which is caused by positron decay, transforms an atom of one chemical element into an atom of an element with an atomic number that is one unit lower.
How do gamma rays become created?GAMMA RAYS'S SOURCES
The universe's hottest and most energetic objects, including as neutron stars and pulsars, supernova explosions, and regions near black holes, all produce them. Gamma waves on Earth.
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a 4.08 m solution of a weak acid ha is found to have a ph of 1.06. calculate its pka (give your answer to 2 decimal places)
A 4.08 M solution of a weak acid is found to have a pH of 1.06, then it's pKa is calculated as 2.72.
What is pH?In chemistry, pH potential of hydrogen is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Acidic solutions have lower pH values than basic or alkaline solutions. Water has neutral pH of 7 which implies that it is neither acidic or basic. The scale ranges from 0 to 14.
− log [H+] = pH= 1.06
[H+] = 10^(-1.06)
=[H+]^2 / [HA]i - [H+]
= (10^-1.06* 10^-1.06) / (4.08 - 10^(-1.06))
Ka = 1.901 *10^-3 M
pKa = - log (Ka)
= - log (1.901 *10^-3)
pKa = 2.72
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Draw the electron distribution diagram for water: Begin with 1 central water molecule. Show the chemistry of each element within the central water molecule (all electron orbits, lone pair electrons, type of chemical bond, polarity/charge, and correct shape). What type of bond creates a water molecule? What type of bond holds water molecule to another water molecule? Next; draw the correct number of other water molecules bonding to thc central water molecule How many other water molecules bond to a central molecule of water?'
Although the water molecule incorporates no internet electric powered fee, its 8 electrons aren't disbursed uniformly; there may be barely greater terrible fee (purple) on the oxygen cease of the molecule, and a compensating tremendous fee (green) on the hydrogen end.
Each hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to the oxygen through a shared pair of electrons. Oxygen additionally has unshared pairs of electrons. Thus there are four pairs of electrons surrounding the oxygen atom, pairs concerned in covalent bonds with hydrogen, and unshared pairs on the alternative aspect of the oxygen atom. The one and most effective electron ring across the nucleus of every hydrogen atom has most effective one electron.
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the partial pressure of ch4(g) is 0.550 atm, and the partial pressure of o2(g) is 0.150 atm in a mixture of the two gases. the mixture occupies a volume of 20.6 l at 150 oc. solve all three parts of the question
Mole fraction of CH4 = 0.550 / 0.7 = 0.78
Mole fraction of O2 = 0.150 / 0.7 = 0.21
What is partial pressure ?
The force applied per unit of area is referred to as pressure. The region to which a force is being applied and its amount both affect the pressure. This pressure is created by kinetic energy-driven collisions that occur on the container's walls.
The pressure a single gas exerts within a mixture is referred to as partial pressure. The total pressure of a gas is the sum of all the partial pressures present in the mixture.
Partial pressure of the given molecule CH4 = 0.550 atm
partial pressure O2 =0.150 atm
And the total pressure 0.550 atm + 0.150 atm = 0.7
Mole fraction of CH4 = 0.550 / 0.7 = 0.78
Mole fraction of O2 = 0.150 / 0.7 = 0.21
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which of the following would have a density of 1.21 g/l at 7.0°c and 0.987 atm?
The gas that would have a density of 1.21 g/l at 7.0°c and 0.987 atm is N₂.
The correct option is A.
What is the density of a substance?The density of a substance is given as the ratio of the mass and the volume of a substance.
In order to determine the gas, we must first calculate the molar mass of the gas.
The molar mass of the gas is determined using the Ideal gas equation.
Molar mass = mass/moles
The Ideal gas equation is given below:
PV = nRT
where,
P is the pressure of the gasV is the volume of the gasR is the gas constant = 0.082 atm.L/K/molT is the temperaturen is the number of moles of the gasData given:
P = 0.987
T = 273 + 7 K or 280 K
density = 1.21 g/L
Hence, mass = 1.21 g, volume = 1 L
Solving for n;
n = PV/RT
n = 0.987 * 1 / 0.082 * 280
n = 0.043 moles
Molar mass = 1.21 / 0.043
Molar mass = 28.1 g/mol
This is the molar mass of N₂.
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Complete question:
Which of the following would have a density of 1.21 g/L at 7.0°C and 0.987 atm?
N₂
Ar
Xe
Ne
CO₂
Compare. How are repetition and replication alike and different?
Repetition and replication are alike as they are repeated runs of combination of factors and levels to confirm the result of an experiment. The way they are different is that repetition does the duplicate runs consecutively while replication does multiple runs but during identical but different experimental runs.
Repetition refers to the multiple sets of measurements that occur repeatedly during one scientific investigation. Hence, repetition is when the same person does same experiment multiple times. Replication refers to a scientific investigation that is reproduced by another scientific investigation. Hence, replication is when a different person does an experiment previously done by someone else or copies. Repetition is multiple trials while replication is the entire experiment is redone.
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Silk is a natural fiber produced by the silkworm. How is silk produced by the body of the silkworm?
The cocoon that the Bombyx mori caterpillar spins yields silk. The thread fibers are secreted from the caterpillar's mouth, where they are spun into a cocoon.
Silk strands are used in the creation of cocoons by silkworms.
Proteins called sericin and fibroin, which are synthesized in the silk gland and released through a spinneret at the larvae's head, make up these threads.
To produce silk fiber, one thread is chosen from the cocoon and unraveled.
Mulberry leaves are used to feed the silkworm larvae during this phase, and following their fourth moult, they climb a nearby twig to spin their silken cocoons.
After treating the cocoon with boiling water, the silk is tenderly unraveled from the cocoon. 10 kilogram or so of cocoon produces 1 kg of silk.
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The molecular geometry (shape) of the H3O+ ion is
O octahedral
O trigonal planar
O trigonal pyramidal
O bent tetrahedral
The boiling point of NH3, PH3,AsH3 and SbH3 are respectively -33.4 oC,-87.5 oC, -62.4 oC, -18.4oC. Explain the variation of their boiling points in terms of the types of intermolecular forces.
NH3, PH3, and AsH3 are all covalent compounds. SbH3 is a metallic compound.
The boiling point of a substance is a measure of the strength of the forces that hold the molecules together in the liquid state. In general, the stronger the forces between the molecules, the higher the boiling point will be.
The boiling points of NH3, PH3, AsH3 and SbH3 show a significant variation, which can be explained in terms of the different types of intermolecular forces that are present in these substances.
NH3, PH3, and AsH3 are all covalent compounds, which means that they are composed of molecules that are held together by covalent bonds. These bonds involve the sharing of electrons between the atoms in the molecule, and they are generally quite strong.
However, the strength of the intermolecular forces in these substances can vary depending on the types of atoms that are present and the way that they are bonded together. For example, NH3 has a relatively low boiling point (-33.4 oC) because the N-H bonds in the molecule are fairly weak. This allows the molecules to move more easily and escape from the liquid state at a lower temperature.
On the other hand, PH3 and AsH3 have much higher boiling points (-87.5 oC and -62.4 oC, respectively) because the P-H and As-H bonds are stronger. This makes it more difficult for the molecules to escape from the liquid state, so they need to be heated to higher temperatures in order to boil.
SbH3, on the other hand, has a much lower boiling point (-18.4 oC) because it is a metallic compound. In metallic compounds, the atoms are held together by a network of delocalized electrons, which are not as tightly bound as the electrons in covalent bonds. This means that the intermolecular forces in metallic compounds are generally weaker, which leads to lower boiling points.
Overall, the variation in the boiling points of NH3, PH3, AsH3 and SbH3 can be explained by the different types and strengths of the intermolecular forces that are present in these substances.
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what is meant by the term, mass transfer? select one: mass transfer refers to the change in molar mass of a substance in the presence of an indicator. mass transfer refers to the bonding of an indicator to the dissolved species in solution. mass transfer is the net movement of mass from one location to another.
The answer to the above question is D. as mass transfer refers to the net transfer of mass from one place to another.
What does "mass transfer" mean?One of the fundamental concepts in the study of transport phenomena is mass transfer, which denotes the movement of mass from one location to another. In multiphase systems, mass transfer may occur within a single phase or across phase borders. Although it can also be characterised in terms of solid-phase materials, mass transfer often incorporates at least one fluid phase (gas or liquid) in engineering challenges.
The computation of mass flux in a system and the distribution of the mass of various species through time and space are both made possible by the theory of mass transfer.
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Identify each statement as either true or false. Boiling and evaporation are identical processes [ Select ] Vaporization describes the transition from liquid to gas [ Select ] Evaporation can only occur when vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure [ Select] Boiling can only occur when heat is added to a liquid [ Select]
Boiling and evaporation are identical processes - False, Vaporization describes the transition from liquid to gas - True, Evaporation can only occur when the vapour pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure- False, Boiling can only occur when heat is added to a liquid - True
A phase change from the liquid phase to the vapour phase is known as the vaporization (or vaporization) of an element or molecule. Evaporation and boiling are the two different kinds of vaporisation. Boiling is a bulk phenomenon, while evaporation is a surface phenomenon.
Pure bromine in a lab flask, an ephemeral liquid. Evaporation is a phase transition from the liquid phase to vapour (a state of material below critical temperature) that takes place at temperatures below the boiling point at a specific pressure. The surface is where evaporation takes place. Only when a substance's partial vapour pressure is lower than its equilibrium vapour pressure does evaporation take place. For instance, vapour blasted out of a solution will eventually leave behind a cryogenic liquid due to continuously dropping pressures.
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give the major product of the following reaction
Major product CHCI is the reaction's main byproduct.
What are the primary and secondary products?Large and Small Products
The product that was created using Markovnikov's rule is considered to be the major product out of the two conceivable products. Most of the time, this substance will form (70%–95%). The minor product is the name for the substitute.
What is the primary outcome of the HCl reaction?When 1,3-butadiene and HCl are combined at a higher temperature (100 oC or above), 1-chloro-2-butene is the main byproduct produced. This is an illustration of a 1,4-addition reaction where a C=C double bond is rearrange.
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Better Life Ind compound has infrared absorptions at the following frequencies: 3300 and 3385 cm-[ (both weak) and no band between 1600 and 1850 cm Suggest the likely functional group that may be preseni ester ketone carboxyl group Submit Answer Try Another Verslon Iten secondary amine alcohol ether aldchyde primary amine primary amide sacondary amide tertiary amine tertiary amide
The likely functional group present is primary amine, Better Life Ind compound has infrared absorptions at the following frequencies: 3300 and 3385 cm-[ (both weak) and no band between 1600 and 1850 cm Suggest the likely functional group that may be preseni ester ketone carboxyl group
There is no C=O in this compound because the IR signal for C=O is ~1700, So the following can't be present: ester, ketone, carboxyl group, aldehyde, primary amide, secondary amide, and tertiary amide , There is no -OH group because the IR signal for -OH is broad at ~3400, So the following can't be present: alcohol, Now the choices, we are left with are: primary amine, secondary amine, and tertiary amine .Note that the primary amine results in 2 bands, secondary amine results in only 1 band, and teritary amine results in no bands near ~3300. This represents the N-H stretching. The likely functional group present is primary amine
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Why is Gibbs free energy negative?
A negative Gibbs free energy indicates that there is more free energy in the reactants, or beginning state, than in the products, or end state. Exergonic reactions, which may take place without the supply of energy, are also known as spontaneous reactions.
The reaction is spontaneous at high temperature if both H and S are positive, and spontaneous at low temperature if both H and S are negative. G will always be negative if H is negative and S is positive. In the case of a spontaneous reaction, Gibbs free energy is negative (only). For reactions that are not spontaneous, it can also be advantageous. We can easily anticipate the spontaneity of a reaction using the enthalpy and entropy numbers thanks to the Gibbs equation. In an exothermic process,
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water can be formed in the following reaction: 2h2 o2 --> 2h2o if you have 8 moles of hydrogen gas (h2), how many moles of oxygen gas (o2) will you need to make as much water as possible?
The number moles of oxygen gas (o2) will you need to make as much water as possible is 4 moles.
The chemical reaction is given as :
2H₂ + O₂ ---> 2H₂O
according to the reaction :
1 mole of O₂ react with the 2 moles of the hydrogen gas to produce 2 moles of the water.
2 moles of the H₂ = 1 moles of O₂
8 moles of the H₂ = 8 × 1/ 2 = 4 moles of O₂
Thus, water can be formed in the following reaction: 2H₂ + O₂ ---> 2H₂O if you have 8 moles of hydrogen gas (H₂), moles of oxygen gas ( O₂) will you need to make as much water as possible is 4 moles.
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write the equilibrium expression for the base ionization of the weak base of methylamine, ch3 nh2 . hint: first write the balanced chemical equation for the ionization of ch3 nh2 in water.
CH3NH2 + HOH ==> CH3NH3^+ + OH^-Which molecule/ion accepts a proton. That is the base. Which molecule/ion donates a proton. That is the acid.
A stable subatomic particle known by the symbol for "proton"
e elementary charge, p, H+, or 1H+ having a positive electric charge. Its mass is 1,836 times greater than an electron's mass and just a little bit less than that of a neutron (the proton–electron mass ratio). "Nucleons" refers to protons and neutrons together, each of which has a mass of roughly one atomic mass unit (particles present in atomic nuclei).
Each atom. has a nucleus. that contains one or more protons. In order to keep the atomic electrons bound, they offer the central attractive electrostatic force. An element's defining characteristic, known as the atomic number, is the number of protons in the nucleus (represented by the symbol Z)
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Other series of lines were discovered as improvements in spectroscopy made it possible to explore
the infrared and ultraviolet regions. The Paschen series of lines involves energy transitions to the
n=3 state. List the wavelengths and energy levels which are involved in these transitions. In what
region of the spectrum are these lines found?
The Paschen, Brackett, and Pfund series are in the infrared, but the Lyman series is in the ultraviolet.
Where is ultra violet on the spectrum?Along the electromagnetic spectrum, ultraviolet radiation sits between visible light and X-rays. The wavelength range of UV "light" is about between 10 and 400 nanometers.Infrared light or waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation. Every day, people come into contact with infrared radiation, which are invisible to the human eye but which may be felt as heat.The Paschen, Brackett, and Pfund series are in the infrared, but the Lyman series is in the ultraviolet.In general, the electromagnetic spectrum is divided into seven sections, rising in energy and frequency and decreasing in wavelength. Common names for these types of radiation include radio waves, microwaves, infrared (IR), visible light, ultraviolet (UV) light, X-rays, and gamma rays.To learn more about electromagnetic spectrum refer,
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A teacher showed this animal to students on a field trip. Which tool will allow the studentsto best see the animal up close
We can get a better view of the animal using a hand lens.
What is Hand lens?The names of hand lenses, such as Hastings triplet magnifier, 10, 19.8mm, Focus: 1", can be confusing when comparing them. However, once defined, each component of the name provides significant information that explains various features of the hand lens and is simple to comprehend. Typically, hand lenses have one to three lenses (other imaging systems, such as microscopes and telescopes, can contain six or more lenses). Multiple lenses raise the price of a hand lens while also correcting for different picture distortions.A single lens is seen in a singlet hand lens, and in many designs, the lens is convex on both ends . Uncorrected singlets suffer from significant spherical aberration and low magnification (mostly up to 5, high quality up to 10).To learn more about Hand Lens refer to:
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Please explain nomenclature
Answer: Nomenclature is a system for giving names to things within a particular profession or field. For instance, you may have heard of binomial nomenclature in biology class. It refers to the way of referring to living things by two names, like calling humans Homo sapiens.
Explanation:
Nomenclature means choosing names for different science-related objects. Chemical compounds usually have a specific name, and a systematic name.
The nomenclature of organic chemistry is a method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). In this nomenclature system, organic compounds are named with the use of functional groups as the prefix or suffix to the parent compounds name.
IUPAC nomenclature is based on naming a molecule's longest chain of carbons connected by single bonds, whether in a continuous chain or in a ring. A primary suffix is always added to the word root to indicate whether the carbon chain is saturated or unsaturated. A secondary suffix is always added to the primary suffix to indicate the nature and the functional group in the organic compound.
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what is the energy level to have a d sublevel?
a) n=1
b) n=2
c) n=3
d) n=4
n=3 is the energy level to have a d sublevel because There is a s orbital for each primary energy level. There is a p sublevel in the second major energy and all higher energy levels.
What are the units of energy levels?Simple Units. Joule (Q) (J). This is the fundamental energy element of the measurement measurements, or the Worldwide System of Units in a later, more thorough version (SI). In the end, the meter, kilograms, and second are used to characterize it.
How do energy levels develop?The wave nature of particles leads to quantized energy levels, which establish a correlation between a molecule's energy and wavelength. The resonant frequencies that have accurately characterized energies for a confined particle, such an atom in an atom, have the shape of a standing wave.
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provide the major organic product of the following reaction
A secondary amine, that is. The main organic product that results from the following reaction is 3-dimethylbutan-2-amine, option (B).
How can you identify the main reactions products?There are two possible outcomes when an asymmetrical alkene is combined with an asymmetrical reactant like HBr, HCl, or H2O. The main product of this reaction can be predicted using the Markovnikov Rule, which stipulates that hydrogen will be added to the carbon with additional hydrogen.
What does an organic chemist mean by a major and minor product?Large and Small Products Out of the two potential products, Markovnikov's rule-following product is referred to as the principal product. Most of the time, this substance will form (70%–95%).
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Write the electron configuration for the Te2 ion. Determine which noble gas has the same electron configuration as Te2 ion. 8. 9. Write the electron configuration for elemental sodium, Na. Also, write the electron configuration for sodium ion, Na*. What noble gas element has the same electron configuration as the Na* ion?
Te2 (Te2 ion) is formed when tellurium gains two electrons. As a result, Te2 condensed electron configuration is [Kr]. 4d105s25p6
The noble gas arrangement for TE. [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4
The electron configuration of a noble gas is identical to that of a tellurium ion. Xenon
The atomic number of the alkali metal sodium is 11. Therefore, the electrical arrangement will be 1s22s22p63s1.
The sodium ion Na+ is a positive ion. This indicates that it has lost one electron because of the configuration. 11Na+:1s22s22p6.
Thus, the Na+ ion contains 10 electrons, matching the number of electrons that the noble gas neon (Ne) has. As a result, neon (Ne) and the Na+ ion have the identical electron configuration.
What is electronic configuration?
The arrangement of electrons in atomic or molecular orbitals within an atom, molecule, or other physical structure is known as the electron configuration. For instance, the neon atom's electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6, which means that 1, 2 and 6 electrons, respectively, are present in each of the 1s, 2s, and 2p subshells.
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alculate E∘cell for the balanced redox reaction.
PbO2(s)+4H+(aq)+Sn(s)→Pb2+(aq)+2H2O(l)+Sn2+(aq)
Thus, E°(cell) for the balanced redox reaction is: 1.60 V
What is redox reaction?Any chemical process in which one or more of the involved chemical species' oxidation numbers change is known as an oxidation-reduction reaction, often known as a redox reaction. The phrase refers to a vast and diversified set of processes.
Redox reactions are those that include both oxidation and reduction. Redox reactions, like displacement reactions, occur when one species loses electrons while the other gains them (gaining electrons).
The redox reaction becomes:
PbO₂(s)+4H⁺(aq)+Sn(s) → Pb²⁺(aq)+2H₂O(l)+Sn²⁺(aq)
Thus, reduction potential values for these two half-cell reaction:
PbO₂(s)+4H⁺(aq)+ 2e⁻ → Pb²⁺(aq)+2H₂O(l), E⁰ = 1.46 V
Sn²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → Sn(s), E⁰ = -0.14 V
EMF = E(cathode) - E(anode)
or, EMF = 1.46 V - (-0.14 V)
or, EMF = 1.60 V.
Thus, E°(cell) for the balanced redox reaction is: 1.60 V
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consider this reaction: 6 co2 6 h2o light equation c6h12o6 6 o2 if there were 2.38 x 102 g of h2o, 18.6 moles of co2, and plenty of light, what would be the theoretical yield of the reaction?
the theoretical yield of the reaction is 70.97%
Calculation :
Initially, 6CO₂ +H₂O ---> C₆H₁₂O₆ +6o₂
18.6 moles 2.38*10² g
since , mole = weight / molar wt
(mole )H₂O = 2.38*10² /18 = 13.2
6 moles of CO₂ reacts with 6 moles of H₂O .
so, 13.2 moles of H₂O will react with 13.2 moles of CO₂
produced C₆H₁₂O₆ = 13.2/6 = 2.20 mole
remaining CO₂ = 18.6 - 13.2 = 5.4
generally theoretical yield is 100%
here , moles of C₆H₁₂O₆ should be produced = 18.6/6 = 3.1
so the Theoretical yield = (2.2/3.1)*100 = 70.37 %
Real-world chemical reactions don't always go as planned on paper. During the course of an experiment, many things contribute to the production of less product than expected.In addition to spills and other experimental errors, losses often occur due to incomplete reactions and unwanted side reactions. A chemist needs to measure how successful a reaction is. This measurement is called percent yield.
To calculate the yield, you need to determine the amount of product produced based on stoichiometry. This is called the theoretical yield and is the maximum amount of product that can be formed from a given amount of reactants. The actual yield is the amount of product actually obtained from performing the reaction in the laboratory. Recovery is the ratio of actual recovery to theoretical recovery, expressed as a percentage:
Recovery = Actual Recovery Theoretical Recovery × 100%
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What is the mass of 0.560 moles of chlorine gas? A. 19.9 B. 63.3 C. 127 D. 39.7 E. none of the above
The of 0.560 of will be 19.9g correct option is (A)
We are given:
The total number of of ,
n = 0.560 moles
The chemical formula of given is molecule : Cl2
We know, The atomic of chlorine atom is:
A = 35.5amu
Therefore, the of a molecule is:
M = 2×A = 35.5×35.5
M = 71 amu
The of a single atom, molecule, or ion stated in the unified atomic mass unit is numerically equivalent to the mass of one of an atom, molecule, or ion (in grams).
Therefore, the of 1 mol of Cl2 is:
M = 35.5g / mol
The of n = 0.560 mol of Cl2 is:
m = of 1 mole x Number of
= 35.5g / mol × 0.56mol
= 19.9g
approx 20g
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What type of protein secondary structure does the structure shown here (Figure 1) represent?
A. ?-helix
B. ?-sheet
C. ?-helix
D. ?-sheet
E. ?-turn
The protein secondary structure shown in the figure represent α-helix.
The helical structures:
The α-helix is the most prevalent kind of secondary structure in proteins.The first person to foresee the presence of α-helices was Linus Pauling. The first protein to have a three-dimensional structure was myoglobin, which was discovered by Max Perutz and John Kendrew using X-ray crystallography.The illustration below shows an instance of a α-helix. "Stick representation" is the name given to this style of protein structural depiction.There are other helical structures in proteins besides the α-helix. The 3 10α helix, which is supported by hydrogen bonds of the type I i+3), the α-helix, which is supported by hydrogen bonds of the type I i+5), and the left-handed L-α helix are further helical configurations. The 3 10 αhelix has a radius that is smaller than the α-helix, whereas the -helix has a radius that is bigger.To know more about helical structures:
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Identify indicators of a chemical reaction. check all of the boxes that apply. a black powder is added to a clear liquid. fizzing and bubbling occur, and the test tube becomes hot to the touch. formation of a gas emission of light emission of heat
On top of a clear liquid, a black powder is put. The test tube starts to fizz and bubble, and it also gets hot to the touch. A gas is formed, and then there is a color change from the light and heat it emission.
Light may be absorbed and emitted by atoms and molecules, which allows us to determine the number of energy levels an electron has as well as the distance between those levels. The photon energies that correspond to various colors of light vary. In essence, a photon is a bundle of light. A photon of red light would have less energy than a photon of blue light, for instance. Red and blue have different wavelengths, and since red has a longer wavelength than blue, it has a lower energy. Only in shells, which surround nuclei, do electrons actually exist. Shells are matched to specific energy levels. The process of emission is the release of various colour photons by elements as their atoms decelerate to lower energies. When heated or stimulated, atoms release light.
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Answer:
1 and 2
Explanation:
the gas formation is causing the heat emission because when it heats up the molecules expand or smth and its causing the gas to form
in the experiment, was nh4cl the solute or the solvent?
The solvent in the unsaturated solution is NH4Cl. 17. At 70oC, 45 grams of NH4 Cl are dissolved in 100 grams of water to create a solution.
What is nh4cl?Ammonium chloride, an inorganic compound with the formula NH4Cl, is a white, crystalline salt that is particularly soluble in water. Inside the mineralogic form where it naturally occurs, ammonium chloride is known as sal ammoniac solutions, which have a slightly acidic pH.
What is ammonium chloride used for and its effects?Its main use are as an electrolyte in dry cells and as a source of nitrogen for fertilizers. It is also widely used as a component of galvanizing, tinning, and soldering fluxes to remove oxide coatings from metals and so enhance the solder's adherence.
When exposed to ammonium chloride, people may experience discomfort, headaches, nausea, and wheezing. It is also moderately dangerous. The chemical's fume form (Ammonium Muriate Fume and Sal Ammoniac Fume), which is a finely fragmented particulate scattered in the air, is where most exposure occurs.
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Write the Lewis structures of HNNH and H2NNH2. Predict which molecule has the greater N–N bond energy.
The Lewis structures for HNNH and H2NNH2 would be as follows:
HNNH:
H
|
N-N
|
H
H2NNH2:
H-N-N-H
|
H-N-N-H
|
The N-N bond in H2NNH2 will have a slightly higher bond energy than the N-N bond in HNNH.
To predict which molecule has the greater N–N bond energy, we need to consider the electronegativity of nitrogen. Nitrogen has an electronegativity of 3.0 on the Pauling scale, which is intermediate in strength between carbon (2.5) and oxygen (3.5). This means that the N-N bonds in both HNNH and H2NNH2 will be slightly polar, with the nitrogen atoms having a partial positive charge and the nitrogen atoms having a partial negative charge.
Based on this information, we can predict that the N-N bond in H2NNH2 will have a slightly higher bond energy than the N-N bond in HNNH. This is because the two hydrogen atoms bonded to the nitrogen atoms in H2NNH2 will help to balance the charge on the nitrogen atoms, making the bond slightly less polar and therefore slightly more stable. In contrast, the single hydrogen atom bonded to the nitrogen atoms in HNNH will not have as much of an effect on the charge distribution, so the N-N bond in HNNH will be slightly more polar and have a slightly lower bond energy.
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hich of the following excited state electron configurations of C would require the longest wavelength of light to produce? O 15²2s²2p²45? 1s22s22p13p1 O1s22s22p13s1 1s22s22p2
For such excited state 1s22s22p13s1, the greatest wavelength is necessary. The Bohr model proposes that energy is absorbed by an atom, which causes it to jump from one energy level to another.
What does a Bohr model simply mean?A structural representation of an atom is the Bohr Model. Niels Bohr, a physicist, put forth the hypothesis in 1913. According to this idea, electrons orbit the atomic nucleus within an atom in discrete circular shells. The atomic planetary model is another name for the model.
What constitutes Bohr's model's fundamental ideas?Answer: 1) Elections move in circular, constant-energy orbits around the nucleus. 2) The only stable electron orbits are those in which h/2Pi is a multiple of the electron's angular momentum. 3) An electron moving of one orbital to another causes a photon to be either emitted or absorbed.
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