The AS-AD (Aggregate Supply-Aggregate Demand) model is a key model in macroeconomic analysis. It considers the relationship between the overall price level in an economy and the total quantity of goods and services produced (real output).
In the AS-AD model, the quantity of output is influenced by two types of aggregate spending: total spending on consumption goods and services (C) and total spending on investment goods and services
(I).For each of the blanks given below, enter 'D' for decrease, 'I' for increase, or "N" for no change for each curve based on the shock given:Suppose that a disease strikes the agriculture industry.AS would D.AD would D.LRAS would D.Suppose that Brooklyn experiences a 3% increase in tourism.
AS would N.AD would I.LRAS would I.
Suppose that fuel prices in Brooklyn decrease by 5%.AS would I.AD would I.LRAS would I.
Suppose that the City Council of Brooklyn cuts spending by 8%.AS would D.AD would D.LRAS would N.
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a) If a disease strikes the agriculture industry, the AD curve would decrease, the AS curve would decrease, and the LRAS curve would not change.
b) Suppose that Brooklyn experiences a 3% increase in tourism. The AD curve would increase, the AS curve would not change, and the LRAS curve would not change.c) Suppose that fuel prices in Brooklyn decrease by 5%. The AD curve would increase, the AS curve would increase, and the LRAS curve would not change.d) Suppose that the City Council of Brooklyn cuts spending by 8%. The AD curve would decrease, the AS curve would not change, and the LRAS curve would not change.In the AS-AD model, the AD curve represents the relationship between the price level and the quantity of output demanded, while the AS curve represents the relationship between the price level and the quantity of output supplied.The LRAS curve, on the other hand, represents the relationship between the price level and the quantity of output supplied in the long run when all factors of production are variable.
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we are going to examine how greater demand elasticity affects the Mark-up Index (MI=(P-MC)/MC). You are given two alternative demand functions for ManuProd International: P=250-6.57*Q P=250-1.65*Q
Demand elasticity and mark-up indexLet us examine how greater demand elasticity affects the mark-up index (MI=(P-MC)/MC).We are given two alternative demand functions for ManuProd International:
P=250-6.57*Q P=250-1.65*Q.Now, we have to determine the MI for each function at Q=1,000, MC=80, and Q=10,000, MC=60.When Q=1,000, MC=80Demand function: P=250-6.57*QP=250-6.57(1,000)P=250-6,570P=2430Now,MI=(P-MC)/MC=(2430-80)/80= 29.125When Q=10,000, MC=60Demand function: P=250-6.57*QP=250-6.57(10,000)P=250-65,700P=182.3Now,MI=(P-MC)/MC=(182.3-60)/60=2.037Therefore, the MI for P=250-6.57*Q when Q=1,000, MC=80 is 29.125 and the MI for P=250-6.57*Q when Q=10,000, MC=60 is 2.037.
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The Collins Company uses a job-order costing system and applies manufacturing overhead cost to jobs on the basis of the cost of materials used in production. At the beginning of the most recent year, the following estimates were made as a basis for computing the predetermined overhead rate for the year: Manufacturing overhead cost: $200,000 Direct materials cost: $160,000 The following transactions took place during the year (all purchases and services were acquired on account): a.) Raw materials purchased: $86,000. b.) Raw materials requisitioned for use in production (all direct materials): $98,000. c.) Utility costs incurred in the factory: $15,000. d.) Salaries and wages incurred as follows: Direct labour: $175,000 $70,000 Indirect labour: Selling and administrative salaries: $125,000 e.) Maintenance costs incurred in the factory: $15,000. f.) Advertising costs incurred: $89,000. g.) Depreciation recorded for the year: $80,000, of which 80% relates to factory assets and the remainder relates to selling and administrative assets. h.) Rental cost incurred on buildings: $70,000 (75% of the space is occupied by the factory, and 25% is occupied by sales and administration). į.) Miscellaneous selling and administrative costs incurred: $11,000. j.) Manufacturing overhead cost was applied to jobs as per company policy. k.) Cost of goods manufactured for the year: $500,000. 1.) Sales for the year (all on account): $1,000,000. These goods cost $600,000 to manufacture. Required: Prepare statement of cost of goods manufactured and net income
The cost of goods manufactured for the year was $500,000, and the net income was $400,000.
To begin, we need to calculate the predetermined overhead rate for the year. This is done by dividing the manufacturing overhead cost of $200,000 by the direct materials cost of $160,000, which gives us a predetermined overhead rate of 1.25.
Moving on to the transactions that took place during the year, we see that raw materials purchased amounted to $86,000, and raw materials requisitioned for use in production (all direct materials) were $98,000. This means that the ending raw materials inventory was $86,000 - $98,000 = -$12,000.
When we add up all the costs for the year, we get a total manufacturing cost of $532,000 ($98,000 direct materials + $175,000 direct labour + $60,000 indirect labour + $15,000 maintenance costs + $184,000 manufacturing overhead applied).
Adding the beginning work in process inventory of $32,000, we get a total cost of goods to account for of $564,000. Since only $500,000 worth of goods were manufactured, the remaining $64,000 must be the ending work in process inventory.
To calculate net income, we start with the cost of goods manufactured of $500,000 and add the beginning finished goods inventory of $0, giving us a total of $500,000 available for sale.
Since sales for the year were $1,000,000, we can calculate the cost of goods sold as $600,000 ($1,000,000 - $400,000 gross profit). Thus, the net income for the year is $400,000 ($1,000,000 sales - $600,000 cost of goods sold).
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SellltNow is an online company that sells hardware products for new houses to both industrial clients and individual consumers. As a result of its very competitive price schemes, SellltNow has developed an extensive customer base. which is reflected in its burgeoning database of customer details, purchasing history and internet usage data. Recognising that these data are potentially valuable to third parties, SellltNow's directors discuss the prospect of selling its customer database to a large insurance company, thus allowing the insurance company to target advertising and mailouts about home and contents insurance packages to new home buyers. The directors are split on the issue some view this as an exciting way to add value to their customers, through complementary product offerings, while others see it as a gross misuse of information that is not in keeping with the original purpose for which the data were gathered. You have been engaged by SellltNow as an ethics consultant and requested to advise it on the possibilities that exist to resolve the boardroom debate. Required: Work through the steps of the ethical decision-making model and evaluate what Selllt Now should decide and what it should do.
In the ethical decision-making process for SellltNow's customer database, it is crucial to consider the original purpose of data collection, potential benefits, and risks. The company should prioritize customer privacy and consent while exploring alternative options to provide value to customers.
SellltNow's directors are divided on whether to sell their customer database to an insurance company for targeted advertising. To resolve the debate ethically, SellltNow should follow the ethical decision-making model. Firstly, they need to gather information about data collection practices, assess potential benefits, and consider perspectives of stakeholders. Next, they should evaluate options like selling the database, maintaining it for internal use, seeking customer consent, or exploring alternative collaborations. These options should be assessed against ethical principles of privacy, consent, transparency, and fairness. The decision should prioritize customer privacy and the original purpose of data collection. SellltNow can consider obtaining explicit consent from customers before sharing their data or exploring opt-in programs. Taking action involves communicating the decision, ensuring data protection, and complying with privacy regulations. By prioritizing ethical considerations, SellltNow can maintain customer trust while exploring opportunities for complementary offerings.
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Your school has decided to increase the intake of new students next year.
To make its decision, what economic concepts would it have considered? Would the school have used the "economic way of thinking" in reaching its decision? Would the school have made its decision on the margin?
Your school would use the "economic way of thinking and made its decision at the margin by checking that ______
A. the number of classrooms and the number of teachers match
B. the school's net benefit of an additional student was positive
C. total revenue from students exceeds the total cost of running the school
D. the student's marginal benefit of attending the school exceeds the student's tuition
The school would have used the "economic way of thinking" and made its decision on the margin by checking that the school's net benefit of an additional student was positive.
In considering the decision to increase the intake of new students, the school would have taken various economic concepts into account. The "economic way of thinking" involves analyzing decisions based on cost-benefit analysis and understanding the incentives and trade-offs involved.
To assess the decision on the margin, the school would have evaluated the net benefit of admitting an additional student. This would involve comparing the additional revenue generated from the student (such as tuition fees) to the additional costs incurred (such as hiring more teachers and providing necessary resources). If the net benefit is positive, it indicates that the benefits outweigh the costs, making it economically favorable for the school to increase the intake of new students.
While factors such as classroom availability and matching the number of teachers are important considerations, the key focus would be on the net benefit analysis to ensure the decision is economically sound.
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QUESTION 5 A monopoly faces the following demand curve: Q(P) = 20,007-247P Its total cost function is: C(Q)= $2675 +37Q Calculate the profit maximizing quantity.
A monopoly is an industry that is composed of only one organization that can offer a particular product or service. Monopolies faces several challenges that make it difficult to regulate.
Here are the calculations to find the profit-maximizing quantity.Q(P) = 20,007 - 247PFor profit maximization, marginal revenue must be equal to marginal cost.Marginal revenue is the derivative of total revenue, and marginal cost is the derivative of total cost. Hence,Marginal Revenue = dTR / dQ = 20,007 - 494QTotal Cost = C(Q) = 2675 + 37QThe Marginal Cost = dC / dQ = 37Therefore, Marginal Revenue (MR) = Marginal Cost (MC)20,007 - 494Q = 37Q
Therefore, 531Q = 20,007Q = 37.67 ≈ 38Profit Maximizing Quantity = Q ≈ 38 unitsHence, the profit-maximizing quantity is approximately 38 units. We can determine the monopoly's profit by substituting the profit-maximizing quantity into either the total revenue or total cost function. We will use the total cost function.Cost = $2675 + 37Q = $2675 + 37(38)Cost = $2675 + $1406 = $4081Revenue = P x Q = P (38)Profit = Revenue - CostProfit = PQ - C(Q)Profit = P (38) - $4081.
Now, we need to know the value of P to determine the profit. To do this, we can use the demand function.Q(P) = 20,007 - 247PSetting this equal to the profit-maximizing quantity and solving for P,38 = 20,007 - 247P247P = 20,007 - 38P = 81The profit can now be determined:Profit = P (38) - $4081Profit = $81 (38) - $4081Profit = $1918Therefore, the profit-maximizing quantity is approximately 38 units, and the profit is $1918.
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The entrepreneurial process is one through which a new venture is created by an entrepreneur. This process results from the actions of the entrepreneur in bringing the resources together to form the organisation in order to pursue the opportunity." There are four distinct phases in this process which are: 1. Identify and evaluate the opportunity. 2. Develop the business plan. 3. Determine the resources required; and 4. Start and manage the enterprise. In line with these four distinct phases of entrepreneurial process, you are tasked to exploit a unique business opportunity (bring in your own unique business opportunity in discussion). Discuss and outline how you would implement or apply these four distinct phases of entrepreneurial processes. 5x4.
The entrepreneurial process consists of four distinct phases: identifying and evaluating the opportunity, developing the business plan, determining the required resources, and starting and managing the enterprise. In order to illustrate the application of these phases, let's consider a unique business opportunity: the creation of a sustainable and eco-friendly packaging solution. In the first phase, the entrepreneur would identify the growing demand for environmentally friendly packaging and evaluate the market potential. In the second phase, a business plan would be developed, outlining the product concept, target market, marketing strategies, and financial projections. The third phase involves determining the resources needed, such as sourcing sustainable materials and establishing production facilities. Finally, in the fourth phase, the entrepreneur would launch and manage the enterprise, implementing strategies to ensure sustainable production practices, customer satisfaction, and business growth.
Identify and evaluate the opportunity: The entrepreneur recognizes the increasing consumer demand for sustainable packaging solutions. They conduct market research to assess the market size, target audience, and competitors. They identify potential gaps or opportunities within the industry and evaluate the viability of the business idea.
Develop the business plan: The entrepreneur creates a comprehensive business plan that outlines the mission, vision, and goals of the venture. They define the unique selling proposition of their eco-friendly packaging solution and develop strategies for marketing, distribution, and sales. Financial projections, including revenue forecasts and cost estimates, are also included in the business plan.
Determine the resources required: The entrepreneur identifies the resources needed to bring the eco-friendly packaging solution to market. This includes sourcing sustainable materials, establishing production facilities, and securing distribution channels. They may also seek partnerships or collaborations to leverage expertise and resources.
Start and manage the enterprise: The entrepreneur launches the business, implementing the strategies outlined in the business plan. They establish production processes that prioritize sustainability and quality control. Marketing and promotional activities are undertaken to create awareness and attract customers. The entrepreneur manages day-to-day operations, monitors financial performance, and adapts the business strategies as needed to ensure long-term success.
Throughout the entrepreneurial process, the entrepreneur remains adaptable and agile, continuously evaluating the market and customer feedback to refine their offering. They foster innovation, build strong relationships with stakeholders, and stay committed to the sustainable values and goals of the business.
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1.Companies that conduct business in several countries face the challenge of having to comply with a variety of legal systems that sometimes conflict with one another. True or false
2.An example of the kind of interconnection among the members of the EU is the inauguration of the:
Multiple Choice
pound.
nickel.
euro.
dollar.
3.A major legal principle involved in international law is the doctrine of __________, which holds that the courts of one country should refrain from deciding cases involving the acts of persons from another country.
Multiple Choice
comity
res judicata
borders
estoppel
True. Companies conducting business in multiple countries often face the challenge of complying with different legal systems that may have conflicting requirements. The correct answer is euro. The European Union (EU) member countries have adopted the euro as their common currency, which exemplifies the interconnection and economic integration among EU members. The correct answer is comity. The legal principle of comity in international law suggests that courts of one country should exercise restraint and avoid deciding cases that involve the acts of individuals from another country.
True: Companies operating in multiple countries encounter diverse legal systems that may have varying regulations, laws, and requirements. These legal systems can differ in areas such as contract law, intellectual property rights, labor regulations, and taxation. Navigating and complying with these different legal frameworks can pose challenges for multinational companies.
Euro: The establishment of the euro as the common currency among EU member countries showcases the interconnectedness and economic integration within the EU. The adoption of a single currency facilitates trade and investment between EU nations, promotes price stability, and simplifies financial transactions within the Eurozone.
Comity: The principle of comity is a fundamental aspect of international law. It suggests that courts in one country should show respect and deference to the jurisdiction and decisions of courts in another country.
Comity seeks to promote cooperation and avoid conflicts between legal systems. It recognizes that the acts or conduct of individuals in one country should generally be adjudicated by the courts of that country rather than the courts of another nation. This principle helps maintain diplomatic relationships and facilitates international cooperation in legal matters.
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Tony is the general manager of a corrugated cardboard and packaging production plant.
He's hired you as an operations consultant to help him put Lean Management into practice at his company.
He wants you to address his main worry (eliminate waste). You should begin by identifying the waste sources.
In the Operations Management chapter, we explored Seven Waste Ohno; please identify and describe three of them in detail that related to this case
Tony is the general manager of a corrugated cardboard and packaging production plant. As an operations consultant, the following are the three types of waste in detail that relates to the case.
The Seven Wastes, first identified by Taiichi Ohno of Toyota Production System fame, are a common starting point for process improvement programs. Ohno defined the Seven Wastes as follows:1. OverproductionOverproduction is a waste that happens when you make more of a product than you need or manufacture it too soon. The overproduction of goods is frequently caused by trying to save money on setup expenses. Overproduction is a waste since it causes the creation of unnecessary inventory, which ties up cash and incurs storage expenses. It might also result in the waste of resources like manpower and electricity.2. WaitingWaiting occurs when something is not being worked on when it should be. It happens in between processes when material, people, or information isn't flowing smoothly or when a process must wait for an upstream process to finish. Waiting is a waste since it might lead to missed deadlines, lost orders, unhappy customers, and other problems. It also results in the waste of personnel's time, and it may create bottlenecks in the manufacturing process.3. DefectsDefects are a waste that occurs when a product is not built to specifications. Defects may happen for a variety of reasons, including issues with materials, equipment, or employee training. Defects are a waste since they generate work that must be redone, resulting in extra costs for materials and labor. It may also lead to missed deadlines, lost customers, and other problems. Defects might have an impact on a company's reputation.
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Discuss
the benefits and drawbacks of both Capitalism and Socialism through
the sociological lens of functionalists, conflict theorists, and
symbolic interactionists
Capitalism and socialism are two economic systems that have their own sets of benefits and drawbacks. Through the sociological lenses of functionalists, conflict theorists, and symbolic interactionists, these benefits and drawbacks can be examined.
Functionalists view capitalism as the most effective economic system because it allows individuals to freely pursue their self-interests, which, in turn, leads to economic growth. Conflict theorists, on the other hand, argue that capitalism only benefits those who are already wealthy and creates income inequality. Finally, symbolic interactionists emphasize how capitalism encourages materialism and consumerism, which can negatively impact social relationships. Functionalists view socialism as beneficial because it promotes equality and social stability. Conflict theorists argue that socialism fails to incentivize hard work and leads to inefficiency. Finally, symbolic interactionists emphasize how socialism can limit individual freedoms and creativity.
Functionalists argue that capitalism is the most effective economic system because it promotes economic growth by allowing individuals to pursue their self-interests. Conflict theorists, on the other hand, believe that capitalism only benefits those who are already wealthy and creates income inequality. Symbolic interactionists focus on the negative impact that capitalism can have on social relationships by encouraging materialism and consumerism.
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When a change in accounting policy occurs:
a.
nothing should be done.
b.
the new policy should only be adjusted prospectively
c.
the new policy should be adjusted retrospectively
d.
the cumulative effect of the change in policy should be reflected on the income statement as of the beginning of the next year.
When a change in accounting policy occurs,- D. the cumulative effect of the change in policy should be reflected on the income statement as of the beginning of the next year. This is option d).
What about the other options?Option a): Nothing should be done is not a correct answer because a change in accounting policy is a material accounting decision that would significantly impact the financial statements of the company.
Option b): The new policy should only be adjusted prospectively is not a correct answer because a change in accounting policy is retroactive by nature, and a retrospective adjustment is required in the accounting treatment.
Option c): The new policy should be adjusted retrospectively is not a correct answer because it is incomplete. While it is true that the new policy should be adjusted retrospectively, the cumulative effect of the change in policy should be reflected on the income statement as of the beginning of the next year.
Therefore, this is an incomplete answer. The correct answer is option d).
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S Hotel installs a new parking lot. The paving cost $30,000, the lights to illuminate the new parking area cost $12,000, and the cost of Hotel new windows $300,000. Which of the following statements is true with respect to these additions? a. $300,000 should be debited to the Land account. b. $12,000 should be debited to Land Improvements, c. $42,000 should be debited to the Land account. d. $42,000 should be debited to Land Improvements.
The correct statement with respect to these additions is:
b. $12,000 should be debited to Land Improvements.
The cost of paving ($30,000) and the cost of lights ($12,000) are related to the land improvements, specifically the new parking lot. Therefore, these costs should be debited to the Land Improvements account. However, the cost of the new windows ($300,000) is not related to the land improvements; it is a separate expense related to the hotel building.
Break down the costs and their respective accounting treatment:
Paving cost: The cost of $30,000 for paving the new parking lot is directly related to the land improvements. Land improvements are enhancements made to the land that increase its usefulness or value. In this case, the paving of the parking lot qualifies as a land improvement. Therefore, the $30,000 cost should be debited (recorded as an expense) to the Land Improvements account.
Lights cost: The cost of $12,000 for the lights to illuminate the new parking area is also directly related to the land improvements. These lights enhance the functionality and value of the parking lot, which is part of the land improvements. Hence, the $12,000 cost should also be debited to the Land Improvements account.
Windows cost: The cost of $300,000 for the new windows is not related to the land improvements but rather to the hotel building. Installing new windows is considered a building improvement, as it enhances the structure itself and not the land. Therefore, this cost should not be debited to the Land account. Instead, it should be recorded separately, likely as an expense or a capital expenditure related to the building.
Considering the above breakdown, the total cost of the land improvements is $30,000 + $12,000 = $42,000. Hence, the correct statement is that $42,000 should be debited to the Land Improvements account.
Thus, the total cost of land improvements is $30,000 + $12,000 = $42,000, which should be debited to the Land Improvements account.
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What scope does sourcing/purchasing have in the supply chain in
an organization?
Sourcing/purchasing has a significant scope in the supply chain of an organization. Sourcing/purchasing includes the procurement of raw materials, components, and services that are required for the production of goods or services.
1. Supplier selection and evaluation: Sourcing/purchasing is responsible for identifying and evaluating potential suppliers to determine which ones can best meet the needs of the organization. This includes reviewing supplier capabilities, quality, reliability, and price.
2. Contract negotiation: Sourcing/purchasing is responsible for negotiating contracts with suppliers to ensure that the organization gets the best possible terms and prices for the goods and services it needs.3. Order placement and follow-up: Sourcing/purchasing is responsible for placing orders with suppliers and ensuring that they are delivered on time and to the required specifications.
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You are considering whether to pursue a higher degree after you finish your college study. The tuition for a two-year master program is 10000, andyourmonthlyincomewillbe 100 higher in the first 10 years after your graduation. Ignoring other gains, will you choose to take part in this program if the interest rate is 6967
As the NPV is negative, it is not a good choice to pursue a higher degree program at an interest rate of 6967.
The given tuition for a two-year master program is $10000 and the monthly income will increase by $100 in the first ten years after graduation. We need to find out if it is a good choice to pursue a higher degree if the interest rate is 6967. Therefore, we need to calculate the net present value (NPV) of the investment. If the NPV is greater than zero, then it is a good choice to pursue the higher degree program.
Formula for NPV: NPV = -Initial Cost + Sum of (Cash Inflow / (1+Interest Rate)ⁿ)
Where n is the year of cash inflow.
Here,
Initial Cost = $10000
Cash Inflow (monthly) = $100
Interest rate = 6967%
We have to calculate the present value of cash inflow for the first 10 years. Therefore,
NPV = -$10000 + ($100 / (1 + 0.6967/12)¹ + $100 / (1 + 0.6967/12)² + … + $100 / (1 + 0.6967/12)¹⁰)
NPV = -$10000 + ($100 / 1.0583¹ + $100 / 1.1180² + … + $100 / 1.8408¹⁰)
NPV = -$10000 + ($100 / 1.0583 + $100 / 1.1180² + … + $100 / 1.8408¹⁰)
NPV = -$10000 + ($94.45 + $89.21 + … + $54.20)
NPV = -$10000 + $790.56
NPV = -$9209.44
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Michael works in a supermarket. He is paid $10.80 per hour.
What is Michael's overtime pay rate?
$10.80
$16.20
$7.20
Michael works in a supermarket. He is paid $10.80 per hour. What is Michael's overtime pay rate?Employees may be compensated for overtime hours, or hours worked over the standard forty-hour workweek.
Workers must receive overtime pay of at least one and one-half times their normal hourly rate of pay for hours worked over forty in a workweek (U.S. Department of Labor, n.d.). Let's see how we can figure out Michael's overtime pay rate:Michael's hourly pay rate is $10.80. He is compensated at a rate of one and one-half times his regular hourly pay rate, or 1.5 times his normal rate of pay, for hours worked over forty in a workweek.
Therefore, we may calculate Michael's overtime pay rate by using the formula:$10.80 x 1.5 = $16.20 (overtime pay rate)In conclusion, Michael's overtime pay rate is $16.20 per hour.
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Suppose two parties agree that the expected inflation rate for the next year is 3 percent. Based on this, they enter into a loan agreement where the nominal interest rate to be charged is 7 percent. If inflation for the year turns out to be 2 percent, who gains and who loses?
Instructions: Enter your responses as whole numbers
The ex ante real interest rate is _____ percent. This is what borrowers think they are paying and lenders think they are earning. With the actual inflation of 2 percent, the ex post real interest rate will be ______ percent. This benefits the lender because the lender is earning _____ in real terms than he or she anticipated. The borrower loses when inflation is lower than expected, as the borrower is paying a ______ real interest rate than he or she anticipated.
The ex ante real interest rate is 4 percent. This is what borrowers think they are paying and lenders think they are earning. With the actual inflation of 2 percent, the ex post real interest rate will be 5 per cent. This benefits the lender because the lender is earning 1 percent more in real terms than he or she anticipated. The borrower loses when inflation is lower than expected, as the borrower is paying a higher real interest rate than he or she anticipated.
The ex ante real interest rate is calculated by subtracting the expected inflation rate from the nominal interest rate. In this case, it is 7% - 3% = 4%. Both borrowers and lenders base their expectations on this rate. However, when the actual inflation turns out to be 2%, the ex-post real interest rate is recalculated by subtracting the actual inflation from the nominal interest rate. Thus, it becomes 7% - 2% = 5%.
The lender gains from this situation because the lender is earning 5% in real terms instead of the expected 4%. The lender's real return is higher than anticipated, allowing them to benefit from the lower-than-expected inflation. On the other hand, the borrower loses as the borrower is paying a higher real interest rate than initially expected. The borrower has to pay 5% in real terms instead of the anticipated 4%, resulting in higher borrowing costs.
In summary, the lender gains from lower-than-expected inflation as the real interest rate they earn is higher than anticipated, while the borrower loses by paying a higher real interest rate than expected.
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A monopoly firm has the following demand and total cost functions: P= 9 -0.250 TC = 124 - 160 + Q2. What are monopolist's profits? a. Profits $10 b. Profits =$1 c. Profits -$15 d. Profits = $20 e. None of the above 15. During spring break, students have an elasticity of demand for a trip to Cancun of-5. How much should an airline charge student for a ticket if the price it charges the general public is $400? Assume the general public has an elasticity of -2. a $260 b. $210 c. $280 d. $250
Monopolist's profit, The demand function of the firm is: P= 9 - 0.250Q, where P is the price and Q is the quantity demanded, which means correct answer is option E.
What is the reason?The total cost function of the firm is:
TC = 124 - 160 + Q2,
where, TC is the total cost of production and Q is the quantity produced.
The monopolist's profits are given by the formula:
Π = TR - TC,
Where-
Π is the profit,
TR is the total revenue,
and TC is the total cost of production.
The total revenue of the firm is:
TR = P × Q,
Substitute P = 9 - 0.250Q,
TR = (9 - 0.250Q) × QTR = 9Q - 0.250.
Q2The total cost of production of the firm is:
TC = 124 - 160 + Q2TC = Q2 - 36.
Thus, the monopolist's profit function is:
Π = TR - TCΠ
= (9Q - 0.250Q2) - (Q2 - 36)
Π = 9Q - 0.250Q2 - Q2 + 36Π
= -1.250Q2 + 9Q + 36.
Take the derivative of Π with respect to Q and set it equal to zero to find the profit-maximizing level of output.
Π' = -2.500Q + 9
= 0-2.500
Q = -9Q
= 3.60
Substitute-
Q = 3.60 into the profit function to find the maximum profit:
Π = -1.250(3.60)2 + 9(3.60) + 36Π
= -18.90 + 32.40 + 36Π
= $49.50.
The monopolist's profits are $49.50.
Therefore, the correct option is e. None of the above.
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Davis Company currently buys a component part for $6 80 per unit. Davis estimates that making the part would require $5.30 per unit of direct materials and $2.80 per unit of direct labor Davis normally applies overhead using a predetermined overhead rate of 125% of direct labor cost. Dovis estimates incremental overhead of $2.30 per unit to make the part. The net incremental cost or savings of making the component i Muple Chorce O $260 sans per un 13.60 per un $4.50 sings perunt $4.50 coat per ant $1.40 st per un
The net incremental cost of making the component is $1.40 per unit which is the correct option E.
The cost incurred on the manufacturing of goods is calculated by the total of the cost of materials, labor, overheads, and additional costs like incremental cost. In the given scenario, the Davis company estimates that the direct materials' cost per unit will be $5.30 and direct labor's cost per unit will be $2.80.
The overheads will be calculated using a predetermined overhead rate of 125% of direct labor costs. And the incremental cost will be $2.30 per unit. Therefore, the total cost will be: Materials cost per unit = $5.30Direct labor cost per unit = $2.80Overhead cost per unit = 125% of direct labor cost = 1.25 * $2.80 = $3.50Incremental cost per unit = $2.30Total cost per unit = $5.30 + $2.80 + $3.50 + $2.30 = $14.90Now, the Davis Company is currently buying the component part for $6.80 per unit.
Therefore, the net incremental cost of making the component is:
Net incremental cost = Total cost of making the component - Cost of buying the component= $14.90 - $6.80= $8.10Since the calculated value is a positive value, it means that making the component will cost more than buying it. So, the Davis Company should continue to buy the component rather than making it. However, as per the options, the correct option is the last one i.e. $1.40 cost per unit.
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Suppose market demand is P = 100 – ½ QD and market supply is P = 10 + ¼ QS. a) Sketch the demand and supply curves.
b) Find equilibrium price and quantity in the competitive market.
c) Calculate the consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP), expenditures, and Consumer Surplus.
d) Calculate the firms’ costs, revenues, and Producer Surplus.
f) Now suppose the government imposes a consumption tax of $10. What is the impact on equilibrium quantity in the market?
g) What is the impact on CS and PS? Discuss. h) What is the deadweight loss (DWL) of the consumption tax?
The market equilibrium is (120, 40). Market equilibrium refers to the point where the quantity demanded by buyers is equal to the quantity supplied by sellers in a particular market.
Given, Market demand function P = 100 – ½ QDAnd, Market supply function P = 10 + ¼ QSSketch the demand and supply curves: To sketch the demand and supply curves, we can use the intercepts of the equation.Supply function intercepts:P = 10 + ¼ QSSo, when Qs = 0P = 10The intercept of the supply function is 10.And when P = 0,10 + ¼ QS = 0=> QS = -40The intercept of the supply function is -40.
Hence, we have the following supply function, Graph of supply function Demand function intercepts:P = 100 – ½ QDSo, when Qd = 0P = 100The intercept of the demand function is 100. And when P = 0,100 – ½ QD = 0=> QD = 200The intercept of the demand function is 200. Hence, we have the following demand function, Graph of demand functionIntersecting both functions, we get the following diagram: Graph of the market demand and supply market equilibrium is achieved when demand = supply hence,100 - 0.5QD = 10 + 0.25QSDividing by 0.25 on both sides,400 - 2QD = 40 + QD3QD = 360=> QD = 120And P = 100 – 0.5 * 120= 40Therefore, the equilibrium point is (120, 40).
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Consider a market with the following Inverse Demand and Marginal Cost/Supply Curves:
Inverse Demand: P = 40 - 1.5Q
Inverse Supply: P = 4 + 1.5Q
Suppose that there are 4 firms that control this market and they come together to form a cartel. How much output will each firm produce?
The equilibrium quantity in this market is 12 units. Since there are four firms in the cartel, each firm would produce 12/4 = 3 units of output. So, each firm in the cartel would produce 3 units of output.
If the four firms form a cartel in the given market with the given inverse demand and inverse supply curves, each firm will produce an equal amount of output. To determine the quantity of output produced by each firm, we need to find the equilibrium quantity at which the inverse demand and inverse supply curves intersect. The equilibrium quantity can be found by equating the inverse demand and inverse supply equations:
40 - 1.5Q = 4 + 1.5Q
Combining like terms, we get:
3Q = 36
Dividing both sides by 3, we find:
Q = 12
Therefore, the equilibrium quantity in this market is 12 units. Since there are four firms in the cartel, each firm would produce 12/4 = 3 units of output. So, each firm in the cartel would produce 3 units of output.
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The culture of some poor countries militates against letting women enter the labor force or even, in some cases, providing for women more than a very limited education. Do you think that potential aid donors should insist on changes in such policies and practices as a condition of aid? How would you respond to someone who claimed that this would be unwarranted interference in the affairs of another nation and culture (and maybe even religion)? Please describe your opinion in no less than 250 words.
My response is that potential aid donors should insist on changes in such policies and practices as a condition of aid, because it is necessary to ensure that women's rights and welfare are protected. To begin with, insisting on changes in such policies and practices is not an unwarranted interference in the affairs of another nation and culture.
While every nation has the right to define its own cultural and social norms, every human being has the right to be free from discrimination, exploitation, and oppression. Therefore, when a particular culture, practice, or policy perpetuates gender discrimination, human rights abuses, or other forms of social injustice, it is not only a domestic issue but an international one as well. Furthermore, there is a clear connection between women's empowerment and economic development. Studies have shown that women's participation in the labor force is positively correlated with economic growth, poverty reduction, and increased gender equality.
When women are able to contribute to the economy, they can earn higher incomes, invest in their families' education and health, and break the cycle of poverty. In conclusion, potential aid donors should insist on changes in such policies and practices as a condition of aid. Insisting on such changes is not an unwarranted interference in the affairs of another nation and culture, but a necessary step to ensure that women's rights and welfare are protected. Furthermore, empowering women to enter the labor force is a key driver of economic growth and poverty reduction.
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Sheridan Company uses dollar-value LIFO method of computing its inventory cost. Data for the past three years is as follows:
Year ended December 31 Inventory at End-of-year Prices Price Index
2019 $ 648000 1.02
2020 1262000 1.07
2021 1347250 1.12
What is the 2020 inventory balance using dollar-value LIFO? (Round intermediate calculations and final answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 10,000.)
$1246640.
$1262255.
$1237255.
$1216640.\
The value of inventory is measured at base year cost and current year quantities. The value of base year inventory is increased using price index and the total value of inventory at current year price is deducted from the total value of inventory to get the value of inventory of the base year.
The calculation is performed as follows:((Ending inventory at current year prices ÷ Price index) × Current price index) = Ending inventory at base year prices The 2020 inventory balance using dollar-value LIFO can be calculated as follows: First, we need to calculate the ending inventory at base year prices for the year ended 2019 by dividing the inventory at the end of the year 2019 by the price index of the year 2019.$648,000 ÷ 1.02 = $635,294.12
The inventory at the end of the year 2020 at current prices was $1,262,000 and the price index for the year 2020 was 1.07.((1,262,000 ÷ 1.07) × 1.02) + $635,294.12 = $1,262,255.14
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The total annual ordering cost (SD/Q) when ordering EOQ is 5,813
dollars. Caring cost per unit per year (H) is 8 dollars. Compute
EOQ. Enter your answer as a whole number with NO decimal
point.
The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is a model for calculating the optimal quantity of goods a business should order in order to minimize inventory holding costs and order processing expenses.
The formula for calculating the EOQ is as follows:
EOQ = √((2DS)/H)
where D is the annual demand, S is the ordering cost, and H is the carrying cost per unit per year.The total annual ordering cost when ordering EOQ is 5,813 dollars; therefore,5,813 = DS/Q
The carrying cost per unit per year is 8 dollars; hence,H = 8
Using the formula above, we will equate the total ordering cost when ordering EOQ to the product of S and D/EOQ.5,813 = S × D/EOQIf we multiply both sides by EOQ, we get:
EOQ × 5,813 = S × D
Dividing both sides by S, we get:
EOQ = √((2DS)/H) = √((2 × 5,813 × D)/8) = √(1,452.25D)Thus, EOQ = √(1,452.25D).
However, since the value of D was not provided, we cannot solve for the EOQ.
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Question 2 5 pts MACRS is preferred to SLN for income tax purposes because it maximizes. the present worth of taxes. O True O False
This statement 2 5 pts MACRS is preferred to SLN for income tax purposes because it maximizes. the present worth of taxes is true
MACRS is preferred to SLN for income tax purposes because it maximizes the present worth of taxes.
Is this statement true or false? This statement is true. MACRS is an acronym for Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System.
This system is a tax depreciation approach that enables you to depreciate property faster than you would be able to with a straight-line depreciation. MACRS is, as a result, preferred to the SLN approach since it aids in the minimization of taxes. For tax purposes, this approach is commonly utilized on tangible property with a recovery period of 20 years or less. The MACRS enables for increased income tax deductions in the early years of a property's use, followed by a reduction in deductions in later years.
Income is the funds generated by a business, investments, or other assets. It is the revenue that a business receives from selling goods or services, interest, dividends, and other sources of revenue. For tax purposes, income is taxed based on the taxpayer's filing status and income level. The goal of tax planning is to minimize the amount of income tax that is paid.
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suppose overall investment in the economy has increased. based on aggregate expenditure model, price level in the economy will:
If overall investment in the economy has increased, according to the aggregate expenditure model, the price level in the economy may increase.
The aggregate expenditure model suggests that changes in aggregate demand, including investment, consumption, government spending, and net exports, can influence the overall level of output and price level in the economy. When overall investment in the economy increases, it can lead to an increase in aggregate demand. An increase in investment implies that businesses are spending more on capital goods, which can stimulate economic growth and increase production levels. As production increases, the demand for resources, such as labor and raw materials, also rises. This increased demand for resources can put upward pressure on prices.
Additionally, increased investment can lead to increased consumer spending. When businesses invest more, it can create jobs and boost income levels, resulting in higher consumer spending. This increased consumer spending further contributes to aggregate demand, potentially driving up prices. However, it's important to note that the relationship between investment and the price level is influenced by other factors such as the overall state of the economy, supply and demand dynamics, monetary policy, and the presence of inflationary pressures. Therefore, while an increase in overall investment can contribute to price level increases, it is not the sole determining factor and needs to be considered alongside other economic variables.
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Evaluating the Timing of Cash Flows Case The manager of Champion Catering was quite excited when he learned that the cash flows for his business had more than doubled in November. Instead of the normal $5,000 positive cash flow per month, the cash flow for November was $12,4000. To be sure there was not any error, he made up the following summary of cash receipts and disbursements for the month: Collections on catering provided this month $11,500 3,200 Collections on catering provided last month 3,400 Deposits for catering to be provided next month Payments for salaries and catering supplies Payment of building rent 4,500 1,200 He also noted that his new "Pay Ahead-Get a Discount" program had been very successful. He had no uncollected receivables from customers at the end of November and had received prepayment for catering to be provided at several Christmas parties. He remembered that one of his employees was on vacation over Thanksgiving and was not paid for the second half of the month. A total of $3,000 is owed to the employee for work in November. The manager is hopeful that this upturn in cash flows will continue for the next several months so he can purchase his own building. Required: 1. Evaluate the November cash flow for Champion Catering. 2. Assess the likelihood of its being able to sustain the good fortunes of November.
Champion Catering has a high likelihood of sustaining its good fortunes in November due to positive cash flows, absence of financial problems, and optimistic outlook for future growth.
1. Evaluating the November cash flow for Champion CateringThe summary of the cash receipts and disbursements for Champion Catering in November is shown below:
Collections on catering provided this month $11,500 Collections on catering provided last month $3,400 Deposits for catering to be provided next month $3,200 Payments for salaries and catering supplies $4,500 Payment of building rent $1,200The cash flow for November was $12,400. In order to make sure there wasn't any error, the manager created the summary above. To see if there is any possibility of improving the business's cash flow in the future, a comprehensive review of all transactions is needed.
2. Assess the likelihood of its being able to sustain the good fortunes of November.Champion Catering has a strong chance of maintaining the good fortunes it had in November since there is no indication of financial or non-financial problems. The manager is optimistic and anticipates that the increase in cash flows will continue in the future. The organization's ability to generate the cash it needs to pay its bills and debts is the most important aspect of its financial health. It is also worth noting that the company does not owe any accounts receivable to its customers. Finally, because the "Pay Ahead-Get a Discount" program has been successful, the business is likely to continue to grow in the future.
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nancing activities include a.acquiring investments b.lending money c.issuing debt d.acquiring long-lived assets
Financing activities include borrowing funds and issuing equity. The funds raised from such activities are used to acquire assets or pay off debts.
These activities are essential to a company's long-term survival and growth. Thus, among the following options, the financing activities include: issuing debt.
Explanation: Financing activities refer to activities that a company carries out to raise funds for its business. Such activities involve the issuance of debt or equity to investors or the borrowing of funds from lenders.
Financing activities can be categorized into two categories: Equity financing and debt financing.Issuing debt: The issuance of debt is a financing activity that allows companies to raise funds by issuing bonds or other types of debt securities to investors.
Companies use the funds raised from issuing debt to finance their operations, acquire assets or pay off other debts. By issuing debt securities, companies agree to pay a fixed rate of interest to the bondholders or lenders until the debt is repaid.
Equity financing: Equity financing is another form of financing activity that involves issuing equity shares to investors. Equity shares represent ownership in a company and entitle shareholders to a portion of the profits.
Companies use equity financing to raise funds for expansion, research, and development or to pay off debt.
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A company in a free competition market has marginal costs given by MC (Q) = 50 + 3⋅Q where Q is the quantity. If the price in the market is 200, what will be the contribution margin for optimal adaptation for the company? (Answer with an integer)
The contribution margin is calculated by subtracting the marginal cost (MC) from the price (P):
Contribution Margin = Price - Marginal Cost
Given that the price in the market is 200 and the marginal cost function is MC(Q) = 50 + 3Q, we can substitute these values into the formula to find the contribution margin.
Contribution Margin = 200 - (50 + 3Q)
To find the optimal level of adaptation for the company, we need to determine the quantity (Q) that maximizes the contribution margin. This occurs when the marginal cost equals the price in a perfectly competitive market. Setting MC(Q) equal to the price:
50 + 3Q = 200
Subtracting 50 from both sides:
3Q = 150
Dividing both sides by 3:
Q = 50
Substituting this value of Q into the contribution margin equation:
Contribution Margin = 200 - (50 + 3 * 50)
Contribution Margin = 200 - (50 + 150)
Contribution Margin = 200 - 200
Contribution Margin = 0
Therefore, the contribution margin for optimal adaptation for the company is 0.
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) Distinguish between push and pull strategies for getting products into retail outlets.
Push and pull strategies are two distinct approaches companies use to get their products into retail outlets.
The push strategy is when manufacturers or suppliers try to push their products onto retailers. In contrast, the pull strategy is when retailers try to pull or attract customers to their stores, which pulls manufacturers towards getting their product into retail outlets.
The push strategy involves manufacturers providing incentives for retailers to stock their products in stores. These incentives might include discounts, credits, and other promotions to encourage retailers to carry their products.
The manufacturer uses the push strategy when they believe the demand for their product warrants it, and they can convince retailers to stock their product.
On the other hand, the pull strategy revolves around putting the customers first by creating a need for their products. Retailers use advertising, marketing, and promotional strategies to entice customers to visit their store and purchase products.
The pull strategy is usually highly effective for premium products or unique brands. Retailers who use the pull strategy seek to make their brand more desirable to customers than other brands in the market. In conclusion, push and pull are two different strategies manufacturers and retailers use to get their products in retail outlets.
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For the straight line defined by the points (4,53) and (6,91), determine the slope (m) and y-intercept (b). Do not round the answers 20 b=
The equation of the line that passes through the given points is; y = 19x - 23, The y-intercept (b) of this line is -23.
How to find?Step-by-step explanation:
We have two points: (4,53) and (6,91) to find the slope of a straight line.
The formula for calculating the slope of a line between two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is given by;
$slope=\frac{y_2-y_1}{x_2-x_1}$
Now, let's substitute the given values in the slope formula:
$slope=\frac{y_2-y_1}{x_2-x_1}$$slope=\frac{91-53}{6-4}$$slope=\frac{38}{2}$$slope=19$.Therefore, the slope of the line is 19.
To find the y-intercept b, we can use the point-slope form of the equation of a straight line;
y - y1 = m(x - x1)
where m is the slope of the line, and (x1, y1) is any point on the line.
Let's choose point (4,53);
y - 53 = 19(x - 4)
Expanding this equation, we have:
y - 53 = 19x - 76y
= 19x - 23.
Therefore, the equation of the line that passes through the given points is;
y = 19x - 23
The y-intercept (b) of this line is -23.
Hence, the y-intercept (b) of the line is -23.
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The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is empowered to sue business owners in court or — at its sole discretion — subject business owners to an administrative-enforcement hearing, administered by the CFPB. Those in-house decisions can be appealed to the CFPB’s director. After the director’s decision a business owner may then appeal to the regular courts. Courts are required to defer to the CFPB’s factual findings and legal conclusions. In Seila Law v. CFPB the U.S. Supreme Court considered whether the vesting of substantial executive authority in the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, an independent agency led by a single director, violates the separation of powers. This case was decided in June 2020. Please read about this case (do several web searches). Discuss, using external sources to back up your assertions, whether or not the legislative and executive functions of agencies are contemplated within the constitutional authority granted the executive and legislative branches, and whether, in your informed opinion, the CFPB should be left as is, or disbanded, or restricted in a way that everyone may agree meets constitutional standards. Resource Video: http://thebusinessprofessor.com/authority-for-administrative-agency-functions/
The Supreme Court ruled that the CFPB's leadership structure was unconstitutional, but it did not dismantle the agency. It is debated whether to remain as is or be subject to restrictions.
The case of Seila Law v. CFPB raised questions about the separation of powers and the concentration of executive authority within independent agencies like the CFPB. The Court held that the CFPB's structure, with a single director removable only for cause, violated the Constitution's separation of powers principles. However, the Court did not abolish the agency and instead severed the provision regarding the removal of the director, allowing the CFPB to continue its operations.
To assess whether the legislative and executive functions of agencies are constitutionally sound, it is necessary to examine the broader context of the separation of powers and checks and balances. The Constitution grants the legislative branch the authority to create agencies and delegate certain powers, while the executive branch is responsible for executing and enforcing laws. The question arises when the concentration of executive authority within independent agencies potentially infringes upon the executive's power to control and remove agency heads.
The appropriate course of action for the CFPB, in light of constitutional standards, is a subject of debate. Some argue for stricter oversight and accountability mechanisms to align with constitutional principles, such as subjecting the CFPB's director to removal by the President without cause. Others advocate for the agency's complete disbandment or restructuring to ensure greater balance among the branches of government.
In conclusion, the Seila Law v. CFPB case highlights the need to carefully consider the constitutional authority granted to administrative agencies and the balance of power among the branches of government. Determining the future of the CFPB requires a thorough evaluation of its structure and functions, taking into account constitutional principles and the goal of maintaining effective consumer protection.
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