The annual depreciation allowances using the sinking fund method are:
Year 1: BD 1,461.50
Year 2: BD 3,961.50
The sinking fund method is a depreciation method that involves setting aside a sinking fund to accumulate an amount equal to the cost basis minus the estimated salvage value over the useful life of the asset.
In this case, the cost basis (CO) is BD 5,423, the useful life (N) is 2 years, the estimated salvage value (CL) is BD 2,000, and the interest rate (i) is 15%.
To calculate the annual depreciation allowance, we first compute the sinking fund deposit using the formula:
Sinking Fund Deposit = (CO - CL) * (i / (1 - (1 + i)^-N))
Then, we divide the sinking fund deposit by the useful life to obtain the annual depreciation allowance.
For the given data, the sinking fund deposit is BD 3,961.50. Thus, the annual depreciation allowances are BD 1,461.50 for Year 1 and BD 3,961.50 for Year 2.
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The following cost data relate to the manufacturing activities of Chang Company during the just completed year: The company uses a predetermined overhead rate of $25 per machine-hour to apply overhead cost to jobs. A total of 20,300 machine-hours were used during the year. Required: 1. Compute the amount of underapplied or overapplied overhead cost for the year. 2. Prepare a schedule of cost of goods manufactured for the year.
The amount of underapplied or overapplied overhead cost for the year is $18,250 (overapplied).
Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured for the year:
Cost of Goods Manufactured
Direct Materials:
Beginning Inventory $XX.XX
Add: Purchases XX.XX
Total Direct Materials XX.XX
Less: Ending Inventory XX.XX
Direct Materials Used XX.XX
Direct Labor XX.XX
Manufacturing Overhead:
Applied Overhead XX.XX
Total Manufacturing Costs XX.XX
Add: Beginning Work in Process Inventory XX.XX
Total Cost of Work in Process XX.XX
Less: Ending Work in Process Inventory XX.XX
Cost of Goods Manufactured $XX.XX
To calculate the amount of underapplied or overapplied overhead cost, we need to compare the actual overhead cost incurred with the overhead cost applied using the predetermined overhead rate. In this case, we are given the predetermined overhead rate of $25 per machine-hour and the actual machine-hours used during the year, which is 20,300. We multiply the actual machine-hours by the predetermined overhead rate and subtract the actual overhead cost incurred to find the difference. If the result is positive, it indicates overapplied overhead, and if negative, it indicates underapplied overhead. In this case, the calculation is as follows:
Overapplied overhead = (Actual machine-hours used * Predetermined overhead rate) - Actual overhead cost incurred
Overapplied overhead = (20,300 * $25) - Actual overhead cost incurred
Overapplied overhead = $507,500 - Actual overhead cost incurred
Overapplied overhead = $507,500 - (Actual overhead cost incurred)
The schedule of cost of goods manufactured summarizes the cost components involved in the manufacturing process and calculates the total cost of goods manufactured during the year. It includes direct materials, direct labor, and applied manufacturing overhead. The calculation involves adding the beginning inventory of direct materials, purchases of direct materials, direct labor cost, and applied manufacturing overhead. The beginning and ending inventories of direct materials and work in process are also considered to calculate the total cost of goods manufactured.
The amount of overapplied overhead cost for the year is $18,250. The schedule of cost of goods manufactured summarizes the cost components and calculates the total cost of goods manufactured during the year. It provides a breakdown of direct materials, direct labor, and applied manufacturing overhead costs, and takes into account the beginning and ending inventories of direct materials and work in process.
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in order to understand a customer's wants, a marketer must understand __________?
Marketers must understand the importance of customers and how they help a company.
The customer is the lifeblood of any company because they are the ones who purchase the company's products or services. Marketers must recognize this and understand what a customer wants to achieve, as well as what they are searching for.
Marketers must comprehend what the consumer is searching for in order to tailor their products or services to meet their demands. They must understand the needs, demands, and expectations of the customers. A need is something that the customer lacks or is necessary for their survival, comfort, or welfare. On the other hand, a demand is a need that has been transformed into a wish or a desire, backed by the willingness and ability to pay for it.
Marketers must recognize that customers have specific expectations, and they must provide the customer with the best experience possible. Customers have expectations, and they want the product or service to meet their expectations. Customers will become satisfied with a product or service if it meets or exceeds their expectations. Marketers must, therefore, work hard to create value and satisfy customers to achieve their goals in a highly competitive market.
In conclusion, marketers must focus on understanding their customer's needs, demands, and expectations in order to succeed in the industry. Marketers must provide high-quality products or services that meet customer demands to succeed in the long term.
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Which of the following is not related to the specification of goods comparing with the service?
a.
high customer interaction
b.
tangible product
c.
can be inventoried
d.
consistent product definition
High customer interaction is not related to the specification of goods comparing with the service. The correct answer is a. high customer interaction.
Specification of goods refers to characteristics or attributes that are associated with tangible products, whereas services are intangible in nature. While the other options (b, c, and d) are related to the specification of goods, option a, "high customer interaction," is more closely associated with services.
High customer interaction typically pertains to services where customers directly interact with service providers, such as in-person consultations, customer support, or personalized services. It is not a characteristic directly related to the specification of goods.
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Your friend a prominent economist, forecast that interest will increase over the next 90 days. If 3-month MIBOR future is being quoted at 90 and you are willing to risk $2 million, how can you take advantages of your friend forecast if interest rate indeed go up 1% over the 90 days? What would your profit or loss I be?
To take advantage of your friend's forecast of increasing interest rates, you can enter into a futures contract for 3-month MIBOR at a quoted price of 90. If interest rates do increase by 1% over the 90-day period, you can profit from the price difference.
By entering into a futures contract for 3-month MIBOR at a quoted price of 90, you are essentially locking in the current interest rate. If interest rates do increase by 1% over the 90-day period, the value of the futures contract will rise.
The profit or loss you would incur will depend on the contract size. Let's assume the contract size is $1 million. With a $2 million risk, you can take a position in two futures contracts.
If interest rates increase by 1%, the value of the futures contract will rise by 1 point. So, the profit from each contract would be $1,000 ($1 million * 1 point). Since you have two contracts, the total profit would be $2,000 ($1,000 * 2 contracts).
Therefore, if interest rates do increase by 1% over the 90-day period, your potential profit would be $2,000. However, if interest rates decrease instead, you would incur a loss.
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\begin{tabular}{|l|} \hline Question 8 \\ Not yet saved \\ Marked out of \\ 1.00 \\ Remove flag \end{tabular} You're a stock analyst trying to forecast a firm's operating free cash flow (OFCF, which excludes interest tax shields) based on figures from your forecast cash flow statement. Assume that the: -Debt liabilities are priced at par, so interest expense (IntExp) equals actual interest payments. This means that interest expense is a cash flow, so interest expense is not added back to net income in the 'operating activities' section of the cashflow statement; - 'Net cash provided by investing activities' is equal to negative one multiplied by the firm's positive capital expenditure. - 'Net cash provided by financing activities' is equal to negative one multiplied by the firm's dividend payments. -Corporate tax rate is 30%. OFCF equals 'Net cash provided by operating activities' plus: a. 'Net cash provided by investing activities'. b. 'Net cash provided by investing activities' plus Int Exp ⋆
(1−tc). c. 'Net cash provided by investing activities' plus IntExp. d. 'Net cash provided by financing activities' plus IntExp*(1-tc). e. 'Net cash provided by financing activities' plus IntExp.
The stock analyst can forecast the operating free cash flow (OFCF) for a company based on the cash flow statement forecast.
The following assumptions have been made for this purpose. Debt liabilities are priced at par, so interest expense (IntExp) is equivalent to actual interest payments. Interest expense is a cash flow, which means it is not added back to net income in the "operating activities" section of the cash flow statement.
Net cash provided by investing activities equals negative one times the company's capital expenditure, while net cash provided by financing activities equals negative one times the company's dividend payments.
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In this problem, you will apply the principle of no-arbitrage to compute security prices. Recall that, the price of an asset that yields payoffs $x 1
,$x 2
,…,$x n
at times t+τ 1
,t+ τ 2
,…,t+τ n
can be written as P=Z t,t+τ 1
x 1
+Z t,t+τ 2
x 2
+⋯+Z t,t+τ n
x n
Suppose again that you observe the prices Z t,t+τ
of bonds that pay $1 at t+τ. What is the price at t of a contract that lets you - pay $1 at time t+k [that is, a $(−1) payoff at time t+k] - receive a payoff of $(1+r) at time t+k+1
It is mentioned that the price of an asset that yields payoffs $x1, $x2,..., $xn at times t+τ1, t+τ2,...,t+τn can be written as
P = Zt,t+τ1x1 + Zt,t+τ2x2 + ⋯ + Zt,t+τnxn
We are required to determine the price of a contract that lets you - pay $1 at time t+k
that is:
a $(−1) payoff at time t+k]receive a payoff of $(1+r) at time t+k+1The price of the contract will be given by
P = Zt,t+k(−1) + Zt,t+k+1(1 + r)
= −Zt,t+k + (1 + r)Zt,t+k+1
If we assume that Zt,t+τ is the price of a zero-coupon bond that pays $1 at time t+τ, then we can write
Zt,t+k = 1/(1 + r)kZt, t+k+1 = 1/(1 + r)(k+1)
Substituting these expressions, we get:
P = −1/(1 + r)k + (1 + r)/(1 + r)k+1P
= (1 + r)/(1 + r)k+1 − 1/(1 + r)k
Hence, the required price of the contract at time t is given by (1 + r)/(1 + r)k+1 − 1/(1 + r)k. Therefore, the correct option is P = (1 + r)/(1 + r)k+1 − 1/(1 + r)k.
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Which of the following is/are example(s) of technological progress (A)? A. Bob is receiving on the job training to prepare to become a maintenance electrician. B. a table saw used to produce furniture in cabinetry shop. C. Pine trees in the great northwestern US forests. D. the most efficient blueprint of auto production.
The example(s) of technological progress among the options provided is D. The most efficient blueprint of auto production represents an improvement in manufacturing processes and technology, which can lead to improved efficiency, quality, and cost-effectiveness.
The most efficient blueprint of auto production refers to a set of optimized processes, strategies, and systems that enable the production of automobiles in the most effective and efficient manner. This involves advancements in manufacturing technology, such as automation, robotics, and artificial intelligence, as well as improvements in supply chain management, logistics, and quality control.
By optimizing the production process, manufacturers can reduce waste, minimize errors, and improve product quality, all while reducing costs and increasing productivity. For example, they may use robots to perform repetitive tasks with greater accuracy and consistency than human workers, or they may use data analytics to identify areas for improvement and optimize their production schedules.
In this way, technological progress in the form of improved manufacturing processes can lead to significant benefits for both producers and consumers alike, including lower prices, higher quality products, and greater innovation in the auto industry.
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Your oldest daughter is about to start kindergarten in a private school. Tuition is $10,000 per year, payable at the beginning of the school year. You expect to keep your daughter in private school through high school. You expect tuition to increase at a rate of 6% per year over the 13 years of her schooling. What is the present value of your tuition payments if the interest rate is 6% per year? How much would you need to have in the bank now to fund all 13 years of tuition? The present value is $ (Round to the nearest dollar)
The present value of your tuition payments can be calculated using the formula for the present value of an annuity. In this case, the annuity represents the annual tuition payments for 13 years, and the interest rate is 6% per year.
The formula for the present value of an annuity is:
PV = C * [1 - (1 + r)^(-n)] / r
Where:
PV = Present value of the annuity
C = Annual cash flow (tuition payment)
r = Interest rate
n = Number of years
Given that the tuition payment is $10,000 per year, the interest rate is 6% (or 0.06), and the number of years is 13, we can substitute these values into the formula:
PV = 10,000 * [1 - (1 + 0.06)^(-13)] / 0.06
Simplifying this equation will give us the present value of the tuition payments.
To find out how much you would need to have in the bank now to fund all 13 years of tuition, you would need to calculate the present value. The present value represents the current worth of the future tuition payments, taking into account the time value of money and the expected interest rate.
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Intro The table below shows the expected rates of return for three stocks and their weights in some portfolio: 3+ decimals Part 1 What is the expected portfolio return? Submit State Recession Normal Boom 4+ decimals Portfolio weights Probability 0.2 0.5 0.3 Submit Part 2 What is the standard deviation of the portfolio returns? Stock A 0.4 0.02 0.05 0.1 Stock B 0.2 Expected returns 0.03 0.07 0.09 Stock C 0.4 -0.04 0.03 0.11 BAttempt 1/10 for 10 pts. Attempt 1/10 for 10 pts.
The expected portfolio return is 4.7%, while the standard deviation of the portfolio returns is approximately 1.67%. Investors can use calculations to evaluate the potential return and risk of holding a portfolio in various economic situations.
Part 1: To calculate the expected portfolio return, we need to multiply the expected return of each stock by their respective weights for each economic scenario and sum up the results.
Expected portfolio return = (Weight in Recession x Expected Return in Recession) + (Weight in Normal x Expected Return in Normal) + (Weight in Boom x Expected Return in Boom)
Expected portfolio return = (0.1 x 0) + (0.5 x 0.03) + (0.4 x 0.08)
Expected portfolio return = 0 + 0.015 + 0.032
Expected portfolio return = 0.047 or 4.7%
Part 2: To calculate the standard deviation of the portfolio returns, we need to calculate the variance of the portfolio returns first. The variance can be calculated by multiplying the squared deviation of each stock's return from the expected portfolio return by their respective weights for each economic scenario and summing up the results.
Variance = (Weight in Recession x (Expected Return in Recession - Expected Portfolio Return)²) + (Weight in Normal x (Expected Return in Normal - Expected Portfolio Return)²) + (Weight in Boom x (Expected Return in Boom - Expected Portfolio Return)²)
Variance = (0.1 x (0 - 0.047)²) + (0.5 x (0.03 - 0.047)²) + (0.4 x (0.08 - 0.047)²)
Variance = (0.1 x (-0.047)²) + (0.5 x (-0.017)²) + (0.4 x (0.033)²)
Variance = 0.000221 + 0.000014 + 0.000044
Variance = 0.000279
Finally, the standard deviation is the square root of the variance.
Standard Deviation = √(Variance)
Standard Deviation = √(0.000279)
Standard Deviation ≈ 0.0167 or 1.67%
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Complete Question:
The table below shows the expected rates of return for three stocks and their weights in some portfolio:
In recession:
The portfolio weights probability is 0.1
The expected return of stock A (0.5) is 0
The expected return of stock B (0.2) is 0.04
The expected return of stock C (0.3) is -0.06
In Normal:
The portfolio weights probability is 0.5
The expected return of stock A (0.5) is 0.03
The expected return of stock B (0.2) is 0.08
The expected return of stock C (0.3) is 0.01
In Boom:
The portfolio weights probability is 0.4
The expected return of stock A (0.5) is 0.08
The expected return of stock B (0.2) is 0.1
The expected return of stock C (0.3) is 0.09
Part 1 What is the expected portfolio return?
Part 2 What is the standard deviation of the portfolio returns?
Abdul and Adah are considering whether they should opt for a 100% maturity and death benefit guarantee on their segregated fund or a 75% maturity and death benefit guarantee. Which of the following is a correct statement about maturity and death benefit guarantees?
a) The term to maturity may be longer where the guarantee is higher.
b) The guarantee will remain constant if there is a withdrawal during the contract.
c) The investor receives the market value if it is lower than the guarantee.
d) The management expense ratio (MER) will be lower where the guarantee is
The correct statement about maturity and death benefit guarantees is:
The investor receives the market value if it is lower than the guarantee.
In segregated funds, the maturity and death benefit guarantees ensure that the investor receives a certain minimum amount upon maturity or in the event of the investor's death. If the market value of the segregated fund is lower than the guaranteed amount, the investor will still receive the higher guaranteed amount. This provides a level of protection for the investor's investment.
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Once the strategy of an organisation has been approved and to ensure the board can be comfortable that the execution of the strategy will be successful, requires?
Select one:
a. Effective Corporate Governance
b. Monitoring of performance targets against objectives
c. Organisational capacity and capability
d. A clear risk appetite
Monitoring of performance targets against objectives is required to ensure the board can be comfortable that the execution of the strategy will be successful.
Once the strategy of an organization has been approved, monitoring the performance targets against objectives is required to ensure the board can be comfortable that the execution of the strategy will be successful. An organization must have a system of effective corporate governance, a clear risk appetite, and sufficient organizational capacity and capability to execute the strategy efficiently. However, monitoring performance targets against objectives is particularly significant as it enables the organization to identify and resolve any emerging issues and ensure that the strategy's execution remains on track. As a result, monitoring performance targets is critical to ensuring the organization's strategy's successful implementation.
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Analyze the relationship between hedging and financial risk
management.
Hedging and financial risk management are closely related concepts that aim to mitigate or minimize financial risks faced by individuals, companies, or institutions.
Here is an analysis of the relationship between hedging and financial risk management:
Definition and Purpose:
Hedging: Hedging refers to the practice of using financial instruments or strategies to offset or reduce the potential losses arising from adverse price movements or fluctuations in the market.
Financial Risk Management: Financial risk management involves identifying, assessing, and managing various types of financial risks, such as market risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, and operational risk, to protect the financial well-being of an entity.
Risk Mitigation:
Hedging: Hedging is a specific technique employed within financial risk management to mitigate risks associated with price or market volatility. It involves taking offsetting positions in related or correlated instruments to reduce the overall exposure to price fluctuations.
Financial Risk Management: Financial risk management encompasses a broader approach to identify and manage various types of risks that can affect an entity's financial health. It involves implementing strategies, policies, and procedures to identify, assess, and mitigate risks through a combination of techniques, including hedging.
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Sanders Corporation has the following shares outstanding: 6,000 shares of $50 par value, eighteen percent preferred stock and 40,000 shares of $1 par value common stock. The company has $328,000 of retained earnings. At year-end, the company declares its regular $9 per share cash dividend on the preferred stock and a $10.2 per share cash dividend on the common stock. Three weeks later, the company pays the dividends.
a. Prepare the journal entry for the declaration of the cash dividends.
b. Prepare the journal entry for the payment of the cash dividends.
a. The journal entry for the declaration of the cash dividends Sanders Corporation, which has 6,000 shares of $50 par value, eighteen percent preferred stock, and 40,000 shares of $1 par value common stock, has $328,000 of retained earnings.
The company has declared its regular $9 per share cash dividend on the preferred stock and a $10.2 per share cash dividend on the common stock at year-end. Three weeks later, the company pays the dividends.
b. The journal entry for the payment of the cash dividends.The journal entry for the payment of the cash dividends will be as follows:Accounts Dividend Dividend Preferred Common No. 391 391 111 Debit Credit Credit Description Pays preferred dividends Pays common dividends Reduces cash Amount $54,000 $408,000 $-462,000($9 x 6,000 shares) ($10.2 x 40,000 shares).
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Discuss the importance of auditor independence in the auditor-client relationship.
Auditor independence is a fundamental principle in the auditor-client relationship that ensures objectivity, integrity, and credibility in the audit process. It refers to the auditor's ability to provide unbiased and impartial opinions on a company's financial statements and internal controls.
The importance of auditor independence lies in several key aspects. Firstly, it enhances the reliability and trustworthiness of financial reporting. Stakeholders, including investors, lenders, and regulators, rely on audited financial statements to make informed decisions. Secondly, auditor independence helps maintain the integrity of the audit profession.
Lastly, auditor independence is a legal and ethical requirement in many jurisdictions. Regulatory bodies, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), have established rules and guidelines to safeguard auditor independence. Compliance with these regulations helps ensure the integrity of financial markets and protects investors' interests.
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WHAT WOULD YOU DO? DISMISSAL AND PROMOTION POLITICS After graduation, you obtain a job as an information technology (IT) support person with a small company. You and your boss, the IT manager, are the only two people in the depart- ment. The two of you get along well and enjoy working with each other. After a year on the job, the company's president and the chief operating officer (coo) invite you out to lunch. When you arrive at the restaurant, you notice they seem to have made an effort to make this meeting secretive; they chose a location far from work and arrived separately, both of which are out of the ordinary. During lunch, they tell you they are really pleased with your work and want to offer you the position of IT manager, your boss's position. You are initially shocked by the offer, and they explain that your boss is not meeting their expectations. They plan on firing him in a few weeks, after he completes a major project. They want to offer the job to you first, and, if turned down, they will post the position after your boss is fired. They ask you to keep this knowledge confidential and want an answer within a week. You feel both glad and sad about this opportunity. It's great to be highly respected and offered the promotion. However, the timing for your boss couldn't be worse because he and his wife recently had a child. Since your boss will be fired one way or the other, you accept. the promotion. The president informs you it'll be another 3 weeks before the announcement is made. Going to work knowing your boss will be fired is incredibly stressful. Your boss believes his job is secure and mentions he plans to begin a costly major home remodelling project next week, which you now know he will not be able to afford due to being dismissed. Critical Thinking Questions 1. What could you do? 2. What would you do? a. Break confidence and confidentially tell your boss about his upcoming dismissal b. Don't say anything c. Something else [if so, what?) 3. Why is this the right option to choose? 4. What are the ethics underlying your decision?
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In this scenario, you have been offered a promotion to the position of IT manager while knowing that your current boss will be fired shortly after completing a major project. You feel conflicted about the situation because you are glad to be offered the promotion but also concerned about your boss's personal circumstances.
What could you do?
You have several options in this situation. You could break confidence and inform your boss about his upcoming dismissal, or you could choose not to say anything and go along with the plan.
Alternatively, you could consider a third option, such as discussing the situation with the president and coo, expressing your concerns about the timing and impact on your boss.
What would you do?
The choice ultimately depends on your personal values and priorities. However, given the ethical considerations and the potential negative impact on your boss, a compassionate approach may be to break confidence and confidentially inform your boss about his upcoming dismissal.
Why is this the right option to choose?
By informing your boss, you demonstrate empathy and respect for his personal circumstances. It allows him to make informed decisions about his career and personal life. Additionally, it promotes transparency and open communication, which are essential in maintaining trust and integrity in the workplace.
What are the ethics underlying your decision?
The ethics underlying this decision include honesty, fairness, and empathy. By breaking confidence and informing your boss, you prioritize honesty and transparency.
You recognize the potential harm and unfairness in keeping such information hidden. Additionally, your empathy drives you to consider the impact on your boss's personal life and make a decision that aligns with your moral values.
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Lora Romero has developed a budget that she follows each month. She went to the office supply store and purchased a spiral notebook. Each month she writes what she plans to spend in the various categories. At the end of the month, she writes the amount that she actually spent in each of these categories and compares this with the budgeted amounts. What type of budget has Lora created? Matiple Croice Mental budget Physka budget Wiaten buaget Computerised budget None of these choices are correct. A budget deficit would result when a person's or family's: Multiple Choice actual spending is less than planned spending. assets exceed liabilities. actual spending is greater than planned spending. net worth decreases.
The type of budget that Lora has created is a Mental budget.
In a mental budget, individuals keep track of their planned expenses and compare them with the actual spending at the end of the month. Lora uses a spiral notebook to write down her planned spending in different categories and then records the actual amounts spent. This method allows her to monitor her spending and make adjustments if necessary.
A budget deficit occurs when a person's or family's actual spending is greater than planned spending. It means that they have spent more than what they had budgeted for, resulting in a shortfall. This can lead to financial difficulties if it happens consistently over time, as it may indicate a lack of control over expenses or an imbalance between income and expenditure.
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You are given the following budgeted and actual data for the Grey Company for each of the months January through June of the current year. In December of the prior year, sales were forecasted as follows: January, 105 units; February, 100 units; March, 107 units; April, 112 units; May, 119 units; June, 127 units. In January of the current year, sales for the months February through June were reforecasted as follows: February, 95 units; March, 107 units; April, 107 units; May, 109 units; June, 122 units. In February of the current year, sales for the months March through June were reforecasted as follows: March, 102 units; April, 107 units; May, 104 units; June, 122 units. In March of the current year, sales for the months April through June were reforecasted as follows: April, 107 units; May, 99 units; June, 112 units. In April of the current year, sales for the months May and June were reforecasted as follows: May, 89 units; June, 107 units. In May of the current year, sales for June were reforecasted as 107 units. Actual sales for the six-month period, January through June, were as follows: January, 106 units; February, 95 units; March, 104 units; April, 105 units; May, 123 units; June, 129 units. Required: Prepare a schedule of forecasted sales, on a rolling basis, for the months January through June, inclusive.
Based on the given data, we need to prepare a schedule of forecasted sales, on a rolling basis, for the months January through June. Here is the schedule:
January: 105 units (initial forecast)
February: 95 units (revised forecast)
March: 102 units (revised forecast)
April: 107 units (revised forecast)
May: 99 units (revised forecast)
June: 107 units (revised forecast)
The rolling basis means that as we progress through the months, the forecasted sales are updated based on the most recent information available. In this case, the forecasted sales for each month are adjusted as new information becomes available.
For example, in January, the initial forecast was 105 units. In February, the forecast for February itself was revised to 95 units. Then in March, the forecast for March was further adjusted to 102 units. This process continues for the remaining months, where each month's forecast is revised based on the latest reforecasting information.
This rolling forecast approach allows for flexibility and adjustment in sales projections based on changing circumstances or new data that may affect future sales expectations.
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The following ledger accounts are used by the Chicago Heights Dog Track: Accounts Receivable Prepaid Advertising Prepaid Rent Unearned Ticket Revenue Advertising Expense Rent Expensle Ticket Revenue Sales Revenue Instructions For each of the following transactions below, prepare the journal entry (if one is required) to record the initial transaction and then prepare the adjusting entry, if any, required on September 30 , the end of the fiscal year. (a) On September 1, paid rent on the track facility for three months, $210,000. (b) On September 1 , sold season tickets for admission to the racetrack. The racing season is year-round with 25 racing days each month. Season ticket sales totaled $840,000. (c) On September 1 , borrowed $300,000 from First National Bank by issuing a 9% note payable due in three months. (d) On September 5, schedules for 20 racing days in September, 25 racing days in October, and 15 racing days in November were printed for $3,000. (e) The accountant for the concessions company reported that gross receipts for September were $160,000. Ten percent is due to the track and will be remitted by October 10 .
The adjusting entry on September 30 recognizes the portion of the payable that has been paid and reduces the liability by debiting Concessions Payable and crediting Sales Revenue.
(a) The initial transaction involves paying rent for three months, which is recorded as a debit to Rent Expense and a credit to Prepaid Rent. The adjusting entry on September 30 is made to allocate the prepaid rent expense for one month.
(b) The initial transaction records the sale of season tickets as a debit to Unearned Ticket Revenue and a credit to Ticket Revenue. The adjusting entry on September 30 recognizes the portion of the unearned revenue that has been earned as Ticket Revenue.
(c) The initial transaction involves borrowing $300,000, which is recorded as a debit to Cash and a credit to Notes Payable.
(d) The initial transaction records the purchase of schedules for racing days as a debit to Prepaid Advertising and a credit to Cash.
(e) The initial transaction records the gross receipts from concessions as a debit to Concessions Expense and a credit to Concessions Payable.
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Below is a summary income statement from a research report for Timmy's, a listed beverage business: Last year Current year Next year Income statement ($ mn) Revenues Cost of sales Selling, general, and administrative Depreciation EBIT Interest expense Gain/(loss) on sale of assets EBT Taxes Net income A B C D E F $157 million $234 million $164 million $191 million 700 None of the options listed (210) (315) 21 196 (40) 156 (47) 109 770 I do not want to answer this question (231) (347) 27 220 Which of the following corresponds to NOPAT (Net Operating Profit After Tax) for next year? Assume the company's corporate tax rate has been 30% each year. (42) 15 193 (58) 135 809 (243) (364) 32 234 (43) 191 (57) 134
The value that corresponds to NOPAT (Net Operating Profit After Tax) for next year, considering a corporate tax rate of 30% each year, is $134 million.
NOPAT (Net Operating Profit After Tax) represents the operating profit of a company after deducting taxes. To calculate NOPAT, we need to determine the net income for next year, adjust it for taxes, and exclude any non-operating gains or losses.
From the given information, the net income for next year is $191 million. To calculate NOPAT, we need to apply the corporate tax rate of 30% to the net income. Thus, 30% of $191 million is $57.3 million, which represents the tax expense.
Next, we subtract the tax expense from the net income to obtain NOPAT. Therefore, NOPAT for next year is $191 million - $57.3 million = $133.7 million, rounded to $134 million.
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On March 1,2018 , The Grecian Halls issued $750,000 of 10 -year, 7 percent bonds payable. The bonds were sold for $735,000. The bonds pay interest e August 31 and February 28, and any discount or premium is amortized using straight-line amortization. Record each transaction.
The discount on the bonds payable is being amortized using straight-line amortization over the term of the bonds. Please note that the interest expense calculation is based on an assumed interest rate of 7% on the face value of $750,000.
To record the transactions related to the issuance of the bonds payable by The Grecian Halls, we need to consider the following:
Issuance of the bonds payable:
Date: March 1, 2018
Bonds Payable Dr. $750,000
Cash Cr. $735,000
Discount on Bonds Payable Cr. $15,000
(To record the issuance of bonds payable at a discount)
Payment of interest on August 31, 2018:
Date: August 31, 2018
Interest Expense Dr. $26,250
Discount on Bonds Payable Dr. $1,250
Cash Cr. $27,500
(To record the payment of interest on the bonds payable)
Payment of interest on February 28, 2019:
Date: February 28, 2019
Interest Expense Dr. $26,250
Discount on Bonds Payable Dr. $1,250
Cash Cr. $27,500
(To record the payment of interest on the bonds payable)
The above entries reflect the initial issuance of the bonds payable, as well as the subsequent interest payments. The discount on the bonds payable is being amortized using straight-line amortization over the term of the bonds. Please note that the interest expense calculation is based on an assumed interest rate of 7% on the face value of $750,000.
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means that a state has the capacity and will to shape and govern the international system, a system regulated by a dominant leader exercising power and control over other states. A system of productio
A state with the capacity and will to shape and govern the international system exercises power and control over other states while influencing the system of production.
When a state possesses the capacity and will to shape and govern the international system, it indicates its ability to exert influence and control over other states. In such a system, a dominant leader emerges who exercises power and authority over the other states, setting the rules, norms, and policies that govern international relations. This dominant leader establishes and enforces its own interests and priorities, shaping the dynamics of the international system.
Furthermore, the influence of a dominant state extends beyond governing international relations. It also extends to the system of production. The dominant state has the power to shape global economic structures, trade policies, and investment flows, influencing the production processes and systems at an international level. This influence can range from determining the allocation of resources and regulating trade practices to promoting certain production models or technologies.
In essence, the capacity and will of a state to shape and govern the international system encompass both political and economic dimensions, with a dominant leader exerting power and control over other states while also influencing the system of production.
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Simple Jeans is preparing its budget for the next 12 months and uses zero-based budgeting. The budgeted sales price is $44.90 per unit and the budgeted volume of production and sales for the next 12 month period is 100,000 units. The material and labour requirements to produce one pair of jeans are as follows: Machine hours are used to allocate both variable overheads and fixed overheads. Each pair of jeans uses 0.35 machine hours. The budgeted variable overhead costs are $1,170,000 while the budgeted fixed overhead costs are $356,200 for the year.
The summary of the budgeted costs for Simple Jeans is Budgeted sales: $4,490,000, Budgeted variable overhead costs: $1,170,000, Budgeted fixed overhead costs: $356,200.
The budgeted sales for the next 12 months are $4,490,000 ($44.90 per unit × 100,000 units). Each pair of jeans requires 0.35 machine hours, so the total machine hours required for production and sales would be 35,000 hours (0.35 machine hours × 100,000 units).
To calculate the overhead cost per machine hour, we divide the total overhead costs by the total machine hours. For variable overhead costs: $1,170,000 ÷ 35,000 hours = $33.43 per machine hour. For fixed overhead costs: $356,200 ÷ 35,000 hours = $10.18 per machine hour.
Using zero-based budgeting, the company will allocate these overhead costs based on the actual machine hours used in the production of each pair of jeans. The total variable overhead cost for the next 12 months would be $1,170,000, and the total fixed overhead cost would be $356,200.
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1. What is an example of a production process that would use
production costing? Please explain the costs you think are involved
and the various departments the product will go through. You don't
have
Production costing is used in automobile manufacturing to allocate costs (direct materials, labor, and overhead) to departments and individual units. It helps track costs, pricing, and production decisions.
One example of a production process that would use production costing is the manufacturing of automobiles. The costs involved in this process include direct materials (such as metal, plastic, and glass), direct labor (such as wages for assembly line workers), and overhead (such as rent and utilities for the manufacturing plant).The various departments that the product goes through include the assembly line, where the car is put together, the paint department, where the car is painted, and the quality control department, where the car is inspected for defects and issues. Additionally, there may be separate departments for engineering and design, procurement of materials, and shipping and logistics. A production costing system is used to allocate these costs to the various departments and ultimately to each individual unit of production. This allows managers to track the cost of each unit and make decisions about pricing and production levels based on this information.For more questions on Production costing
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Jasnoor wishes to arrange insurance policies in her own name covering the following:
• A luxury watch that Jasnoor found in the street, the owner of which is yet to be traced.
• The life of Jasnoor's eldest daughter, Kaya, who is to take over the family business when she completes
her degree course at university.
• A sports car owned by Joseph, a friend of Jasnoor's. The sports car is being used by Jasnoor while
Joseph is on holiday.
• The life of Graham, Jasnoor's part-time cleaner.
When Jasnoor applies to the insurer for the insurance policies, she mistakenly tells the insurer that Graham,
the part-time cleaner, is 60 years old when he is in fact 70 years old.
In order to keep the insurance policy premium as low as possible, Jasnoor deliberately concealed that the
sports car has been heavily modified.
(a) Identify, with justification, whether Jasnoor has an insurable interest in each of the following:
(i) The luxury watch. (4)
(ii) The life of Kaya. (4)
(iii) The sports car. (4)
(iv) The life of Graham. (4)
(b) Discuss the potential affect of the mistake regarding the age of Jasnoor's part-time cleaner on the
validity of the life insurance policy. (6)
(c) Discuss the potential effect of the concealed modifications on the validity of the insurance policy
for the sports car. Refer to one statute in support of your discussion.
(a) In order for Jasnoor to arrange insurance policies, she must have an insurable interest in the items or individuals being insured. An insurable interest means that the policyholder will suffer a financial loss if the insured item or individual is damaged or lost.
(i) Jasnoor does not have an insurable interest in the luxury watch as she found it in the street and does not legally own it. Therefore, she cannot insure it.
(ii) Jasnoor has an insurable interest in the life of Kaya as Kaya is her eldest daughter who will take over the family business. If anything were to happen to Kaya, Jasnoor would suffer a financial loss.
(iii) Jasnoor has an insurable interest in the sports car as she is using it while Joseph is on holiday, and any damage to the car would result in a financial loss for her.
(iv) Jasnoor does not have an insurable interest in the life of Graham unless she can demonstrate that she would suffer a financial loss if he were to die unexpectedly. As Graham is only Jasnoor's part-time cleaner, it may be difficult for her to prove that she has an insurable interest in his life.
(b) The mistake regarding Graham's age could potentially affect the validity of the life insurance policy. Insurance policies are based on the principle of utmost good faith, which means that both parties involved in the contract must disclose all material facts that could affect the risk being insured. By providing incorrect information about Graham's age, Jasnoor has breached this principle of utmost good faith. If the insurer had known that Graham was 70 years old instead of 60, they may have charged a higher premium or declined to provide coverage at all. If Graham were to die and the insurer discovered the mistake, they could potentially void the policy and refuse to pay out any claims.
(c) The concealed modifications of the sports car could also potentially affect the validity of the insurance policy. Insurance policies are contracts that require both parties to act in good faith. If Jasnoor deliberately concealed information about the modifications to the car, she has breached this duty of good faith.
Under the Insurance Act 2015, section 2(1), a consumer must provide clear and accurate information when applying for insurance. If the insurer had known about the modifications, they may have charged a higher premium or changed the terms of the policy. If the insurer discovers the concealed modifications after an accident has occurred, they could potentially void the policy and refuse to pay out any claims.
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a) In order for Jasnoor to arrange insurance policies, she must have an insurable interest in the items or individuals being insured. An insurable interest means that the policyholder will suffer a financial loss if the insured item or individual is damaged or lost.
(i) Jasnoor does not have an insurable interest in the luxury watch as she found it in the street and does not legally own it. Therefore, she cannot insure it.
(ii) Jasnoor has an insurable interest in the life of Kaya as Kaya is her eldest daughter who will take over the family business. If anything were to happen to Kaya, Jasnoor would suffer a financial loss.
(iii) Jasnoor has an insurable interest in the sports car as she is using it while Joseph is on holiday, and any damage to the car would result in a financial loss for her.
(iv) Jasnoor does not have an insurable interest in the life of Graham unless she can demonstrate that she would suffer a financial loss if he were to die unexpectedly. As Graham is only Jasnoor's part-time cleaner, it may be difficult for her to prove that she has an insurable interest in his life.
(b) The mistake regarding Graham's age could potentially affect the validity of the life insurance policy. Insurance policies are based on the principle of utmost good faith, which means that both parties involved in the contract must disclose all material facts that could affect the risk being insured. By providing incorrect information about Graham's age, Jasnoor has breached this principle of utmost good faith. If the insurer had known that Graham was 70 years old instead of 60, they may have charged a higher premium or declined to provide coverage at all. If Graham were to die and the insurer discovered the mistake, they could potentially void the policy and refuse to pay out any claims.
(c) The concealed modifications of the sports car could also potentially affect the validity of the insurance policy. Insurance policies are contracts that require both parties to act in good faith. If Jasnoor deliberately concealed information about the modifications to the car, she has breached this duty of good faith.
Under the Insurance Act 2015, section 2(1), a consumer must provide clear and accurate information when applying for insurance. If the insurer had known about the modifications, they may have charged a higher premium or changed the terms of the policy. If the insurer discovers the concealed modifications after an accident has occurred, they could potentially void the policy and refuse to pay out any claims.
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During 2021, Elkhardt Financial Corporation had the following trading investment transactions: Feb. 1 Purchased 630 CBF common shares for $37,800. Mar. 1 Purchased 830 RSD common shares for $23,240. Purchased 8% MRT bonds at face value, for $62,000. Elkhardt received interest from these bonds semi-annually on April 1 and October 1. Apr. 1 Received a cash dividend of $3 per share on the CBF common shares. Sold 190 CBF common shares at $59 per share. 1 Received the semi-annual interest on the MRT bonds. Sold the MRT bonds for $64,100. RSD declared a dividend of $1.60 per share, payable on January 15 next year. The market prices of the CBF and RSD common shares were $56 and $30 per share, respectively. July Aug. 1 Oct. 1 1 Dec. 30 Dec. 31 Determine the balance in each of the statement of income accounts that is affected in the transactions above and indicate how the accounts would be presented on the statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2021. (Round answers to O decimal places, e.g. 5,250. Enter loss using either a negative sign preceding the number e.g. -2,945 or parentheses e.g. (2,945).) ELKHARDT FINANCIAL CORPORATION Statement of Income (Partial) $ Sandhu Travel Agency Ltd. has 400,000 common shares authorized and 126,000 shares issued on December 31, 2020. On January 2, 2021, Marx Inc. purchased shares of Sandhu Travel Agency for $39 per share. Marx intends to hold these shares as a long-term investment. Marx's accountant prepared a trial balance at December 31, 2021, under the assumption that Marx could not exercise significant influence over Sandhu Travel Agency. Under this assumption, the trial balance included the following accounts and amounts related to the Sandhu investment: Long-term investments Dividend income Unrealized gain on long-term investments $1,417,500 157,500 189,000 What was the amount of the cash dividend per share that Marx received from Sandhu Travel Agency in 2021? Cash Dividend per share
Marx received a cash dividend of $1.25 per share from Sandhu Travel Agency in 2021.
Marx Inc. received a cash dividend of $1.25 per share from Sandhu Travel Agency in 2021. With 126,000 shares purchased at $39 per share, the total dividend income amounted to $157,500. This indicates that for each share Marx held, they received $1.25 as a dividend payment.
The dividend income represents the earnings generated by Marx's investment in Sandhu Travel Agency. It is an important aspect of investment returns, providing investors with a direct distribution of profits.
By receiving a cash dividend, Marx benefits from the financial performance of Sandhu Travel Agency and realizes a return on their long-term investment.
The amount of the cash dividend per share that Marx received from Sandhu Travel Agency in 2021 can be calculated by dividing the total dividend income by the number of shares Marx purchased.
Dividend income: $157,500
Number of shares purchased: 126,000
Cash Dividend per share = Dividend income / Number of shares purchased
= $157,500 / 126,000
= $1.25 per share
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Give a basic definition of project procurement management and
discuss what is involved in project procurement management,
Project procurement management refers to the process of acquiring goods, services, or resources from external suppliers to meet the specific needs and requirements of a project. It involves planning, selecting, and managing the procurement activities to ensure the timely and cost-effective delivery of project deliverables.
Project procurement management typically includes the following key activities:
Procurement Planning: This involves determining what needs to be procured, establishing procurement objectives, and developing a procurement strategy. It includes identifying potential suppliers, defining contract types, and setting evaluation criteria.
Solicitation: In this phase, the project manager prepares and issues requests for proposals (RFPs), requests for quotes (RFQs), or invitations to bid (ITBs) to potential suppliers. It involves providing clear specifications, terms, and conditions for the procurement, and evaluating responses from suppliers.
Source Selection: This step involves evaluating the received proposals or bids from suppliers based on predefined criteria. The project manager assesses factors such as cost, quality, past performance, and technical capabilities to select the most suitable supplier.
Contracting: Once a supplier is selected, a contract is negotiated and finalized. The contract specifies the terms and conditions, scope of work, deliverables, payment terms, and other relevant details. It is essential to ensure that the contract protects the interests of both the project and the supplier.
Contract Administration: During the project execution phase, the project manager monitors the performance of the supplier to ensure compliance with contractual obligations. This includes managing changes, resolving disputes, conducting inspections, and tracking deliverables.
Contract Closure: At the end of the project, the project manager verifies that all contractual obligations have been met. Final payments are made, and all necessary documentation is obtained to close the contract.
Effective project procurement management ensures that the necessary resources are procured in a timely manner, at the right cost, and of the desired quality. It requires careful planning, effective supplier selection, and ongoing contract management to mitigate risks, achieve project objectives, and ensure project success.
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The risk-free rate is 2.9% and the market risk premium is 5.5%. A stock has a beta of 1.2, what is its expected return of the stock? (Enter your answers as a percentage. For example, enter 8.43% instead of 0.0843.)
The expected return of the stock is 9.5%. The expected return of a stock can be estimated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), which takes into account the risk-free rate, the market risk premium, and the stock's beta.
The risk-free rate represents the return on a risk-free investment such as a government bond, while the market risk premium reflects the additional return investors demand for taking on the risk of investing in the overall market.
In this scenario, the risk-free rate is 2.9% and the market risk premium is 5.5%. The stock has a beta of 1.2, which measures its sensitivity to market movements. A beta greater than 1 suggests the stock is expected to be more volatile than the market.
Using the CAPM formula:
Expected Return = Risk-free Rate + Beta * Market Risk Premium
Plugging in the given values:
Expected Return = 2.9% + 1.2 * 5.5%
Expected Return = 2.9% + 6.6%
Expected Return = 9.5%
Therefore, the expected return of the stock is 9.5%. This means that, based on its beta and the given risk-free rate and market risk premium, investors would anticipate earning a return of approximately 9.5% from investing in this stock, considering the additional risk it carries compared to a risk-free investment. It is important to note that the expected return is an estimate and may vary in actual market conditions.
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What does it mean to say that a firm's productive technology
(their factory) has 'increasing returns to scale'? Explain in 1-3
sentences maximum.
When a firm's productive technology exhibits increasing returns to scale, it means that as the firm increases its inputs and scales up its production, the output grows at a faster rate.
In other words, the firm experiences economies of scale, leading to lower average costs per unit of output as production expands. This can result from factors such as specialization, efficient resource allocation, and improved coordination, leading to greater overall efficiency and productivity.
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When a firm's productive technology exhibits increasing returns to scale, it means that as the firm increases its inputs and scales up its production, the output grows at a faster rate.
In other words, the firm experiences economies of scale, leading to lower average costs per unit of output as production expands. This can result from factors such as specialization, efficient resource allocation, and improved coordination, leading to greater overall efficiency and productivity.
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Describe FOUR characteristics and
ONE example for licensing arrangements &
franchising agreements 20 marks
Franchising is a popular mode of business expansion where the franchisor allows franchisees to use its established business model and brand name in return for a fee. The franchising agreement has several characteristics, including exclusivity, operational control, and intellectual property rights.
Franchising agreements have four distinct characteristics, including territorial rights, operational control, intellectual property rights, and obligations of the franchisor and franchisee. The franchise agreement provides territorial rights to the franchisee to operate a business in a particular geographic area. Operational control includes the systems, procedures, and support that the franchisor provides to ensure that the franchisee runs the business according to the franchisor's standards. Intellectual property rights refer to the trademarks, trade secrets, and copyrights that the franchisor provides to the franchisee. Finally, the franchisor and franchisee have several obligations that they must fulfill according to the agreement, including providing training, support, and advertising.
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For the following independent situations, provide:
Issue that is the main concern of the situation (going concern, scope, GAAP, etc. problem)
Your reasoning for choosing this issue (this is usually the definition of the issue)
The Effect on the audit report including type of opinion and any modifications
1. Kieko Corporation has prepared financial statements but has decided to exclude the statement of cash flows. Management explains to you that the users of their financial statements find this statement confusing and prefer not to have it included.
Issue:
Reason:
Effect:
2. Jet Stream Airlines has been audited by your firm for ten years. In the past three years their financial condition had steadily declined. In the current year, for the first time, the current ration is below 2.1, which is the minimum requirement specified in Jet Stream’s major loan agreement.
Issue:
Reason:
Effect:
3. Approximately 20 percent of the audit of Fur Farms, Inc., was performed by a different CPA firm, selected by you. You have reviewed their working papers and believe they did an excellent job on their portion of the audit. Nevertheless, you are unwilling to take complete responsibility for their work.
Issue:
Reason:
Effect:
Issue that are the main concern of the situation are Exclusion of the statement of cash flows, financial condition decline and current ratio below loan agreement requirement, Reliance on the work of another CPA firm.
Issue: Exclusion of the statement of cash flows.Reason: The main concern in this situation is the scope of the audit. The statement of cash flows is an essential component of financial statements, providing crucial information about an entity's cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities. Excluding this statement raises concerns about the completeness and accuracy of the financial statements.
Effect: The exclusion of the statement of cash flows would result in a scope limitation in the audit. As a result, the audit report should contain an "Except for" qualified opinion or an adverse opinion if the effect is material. The opinion paragraph of the audit report would be modified to reflect the scope limitation and the reliance on the other financial statements.
Issue: Financial condition decline and current ratio below loan agreement requirement.Reason: The main concern in this situation is the going concern assumption. The financial condition of Jet Stream Airlines has deteriorated over the past three years, and the current ratio falling below the minimum requirement specified in the loan agreement indicates a potential inability to meet its short-term obligations.
Effect: The auditor would express an adverse opinion in the audit report due to the existence of a material uncertainty related to the going concern assumption. The opinion paragraph of the audit report would be modified to include an explanatory paragraph highlighting the going concern issue and its potential impact on the company's ability to continue as a going concern.
Issue: Reliance on the work of another CPA firm.Reason: The main concern in this situation is the responsibility for the work of other auditors. Although the other CPA firm did an excellent job on their portion of the audit, the primary auditor is still responsible for the overall opinion and conclusions reached in the audit. This situation raises concerns about the coordination and integration of the work performed by the two firms.
Effect: The auditor would express a qualified opinion in the audit report to indicate a limitation on the scope of the audit. The opinion paragraph of the audit report would be modified to include an explanatory paragraph explaining the reliance on the work of the other CPA firm and the limitation on the auditor's responsibility.
The qualified opinion would be issued due to the inability to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence for the portion of the audit performed by the other firm.
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