The economic order quantity is approximately 14,142 units.
The annual holding cost is approximately $99,194.
The annual order cost is approximately $495.
The total annual inventory cost is approximately $99,689.
The economic order quantity (EOQ) can be calculated using the following formula:
EOQ = sqrt((2RS)/k)
Plugging in the given values, we get:
EOQ = sqrt((250,000140)/0.14)
EOQ = sqrt(200,000,000)
EOQ ≈ 14,142
Therefore, the economic order quantity is approximately 14,142 units.
The annual holding cost can be calculated by multiplying the average inventory level by the unit cost and the holding rate:
Annual Holding Cost = Average Inventory Level * Unit Cost * Holding Rate
The average inventory level can be calculated as EOQ/2.
Average Inventory Level = EOQ / 2
Average Inventory Level = 14,142 / 2
Average Inventory Level = 7,071
Plugging in the given values, we get:
Annual Holding Cost = 7,071 * $100 * 0.14
Annual Holding Cost ≈ $99,194
Therefore, the annual holding cost is approximately $99,194.
The annual order cost can be calculated by dividing the total demand by the economic order quantity and multiplying it by the order cost:
Annual Order Cost = (R / EOQ) * S
Plugging in the given values, we get:
Annual Order Cost = (50,000 / 14,142) * $140
Annual Order Cost ≈ $495
Therefore, the annual order cost is approximately $495.
The total annual inventory cost is the sum of the annual holding cost and the annual order cost:
Total Annual Inventory Cost = Annual Holding Cost + Annual Order Cost
Plugging in the previously calculated values, we get:
Total Annual Inventory Cost = $99,194 + $495
Total Annual Inventory Cost ≈ $99,689
Therefore, the total annual inventory cost is approximately $99,689.
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State v. Chism
1. Identify the elements of accessory after the fact
according to the Louisiana statute.
Louisiana law defines accessory after the fact as knowing that the person being helped committed a felony, aiding or assisting that person with the intent of helping them avoid arrest, prosecution, or conviction, taking action to help them avoid arrest, prosecution, or conviction, and knowing the crime.
State v. Chism was a case that occurred in Louisiana in which the court tried a man named Lawrence Chism for the murder of six people, including two children, in their home in New Orleans. To identify the elements of accessory after the fact according to c, let's first understand what accessory after the fact means.
Accessory after the fact refers to a criminal offense that involves helping someone who has committed a crime to avoid punishment. The following are the elements of accessory after the fact according to Louisiana statute:The defendant must have known that the person he was helping had committed a felony.The defendant must have aided or assisted the person he was helping.The defendant must have done so with the intention of helping the person avoid arrest, prosecution, or conviction.The defendant must have taken some action to help the person avoid arrest, prosecution, or conviction.The defendant must have had knowledge of the crime that had been committed.
In conclusion, the elements of accessory after the fact according to Louisiana statute include knowing that the person being helped committed a felony, aiding or assisting that person, doing so with the intention of helping the person avoid arrest, prosecution, or conviction, taking action to help the person avoid arrest, prosecution, or conviction, and having knowledge of the crime that had been committed.
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Research on the Global Economic Environmentand Global Trade Environment. Your research should cover the following areas.
• Identify and briefly explain major changes in the world economy over the last 100 years
• Compare and contrast types of economic systems that are found in the different regions of the world
• Explain the stages of economic development used by the World Bank and identify the key emerging country markets at each stage of development
• Discuss the significance of balance of payments for the world’s major economies
• Identify the countries that are leading exporters
• Briefly explain how exchange rates impact a company’s opportunities in different parts around the world
• Global competitors have displaced or absorbed local ones
• Explain the role of the W T O in facilitating global trade relations among nations.
• Compare and contrast the four main categories of preferential trade agreements.
• Explain the hierarchy of preferential trade agreements
• Describe the various forms of economic integration in Europe.
• Describe the activities of the key regional organizations in the Middle East.
• Identify the issues for global marketers wishing to expand in Africa.
• Explain the various tariffs and barriers to trade
Economic systems vary across different regions of the world. The World Bank uses stages of economic development to classify countries, and key emerging country markets exist at each stage.
Over the past century, the world economy has witnessed significant changes, including technological advancements, globalization, economic crises, and shifts in economic power among nations. Economic systems vary across regions, ranging from market economies in the West to mixed economies in many countries and centrally planned economies in others.
The balance of payments is essential for major economies as it reflects the economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world. Exchange rates play a crucial role in determining a company's competitiveness and opportunities in different global markets.
Expanding in Africa presents challenges such as diverse markets, infrastructure limitations, and political and cultural complexities. Various tariffs and barriers to trade, including tariffs, quotas, and non-tariff barriers, affect international trade by influencing the flow of goods and services between countries.
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oisjoly Enterprises is considering buying a vacant lot for an after-tax cost of $1.4 million. If the property is purchased, the company's plan is to invest nother $6 million after taxes today (t=0) to build a hotel on the property. The after-tax cash flows from the hotel will depend critically on whether the iate imposes a tourism tax in this year's legislative session. If the tax is imposed, the hotel is expected to produce after-tax cash flows of $500,000 at he end of each of the next 15 years. If the tax is not imposed, the hotel is expected to produce after-tax cash flows of $1,400,000 at the end of each of ne next 15 years. The project has a 12% WACC. Assume at the outset that the company does not have the option to delay the project. a. What is the project's expected NPY if the tax is imposed? Negative value, if any, should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent. 5 b. What is the project's expected NPY if the tax is not imposed? Negative value, if any, should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent. 5 c. Given that there is a 50% chance that the tax will be imposed, what is the project's expected Npy if management proceeds with it today? Negative value, if any, should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent. 5 d. Although the company does not have an option to delay construction, it does have the option to abandon the project 1 year from now if the tax is imposed. If it abandons the project, it will sell the complete property 1 year from now at an expected price of $7 milifon after taxes. Once the project is abandoned, the company will no longer receive any cash flows. Assuming that all cash flows are discounted at 12*, will the existence of this abandonment option affect the company's decision to proceed with the project today? Negative value, if any, should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent. $ e. Finally, assume that there is no option to abandon or delay the project, but that the company has an option to purchase an adjacent property in 1 year for an after-tax investment of $1.9 million (outflow at t=1 ). If the tourism tax is imposed, the expected NPV of developing this property (as of t=1 ) will be only $500,000 (so it doesn't make sense to purchase the property for $1.9 million after taxes). However, if the tax is not imposed, the expected NPV of the future opportunities from developing the property will be 55 million (as of t=1 ). Thus, under this scenario, it makes sense to purchase the property for $1.9 milion after taxes (at t=1 ). Assume that these cash flows are discounted at 12%, and the probability that the tax will be imposed is stili 50%. What is the most the company would pay today ( t=0) for the $1.9 milion purchase option (at t=1 ) for the adjacent property? Negative value, if any, should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent. $
$868,185.34 is the maximum amount the company should pay today for the purchase.
a. the project's expected npy if the tax is imposed is -$2,548,734.61.
b. the project's expected npy if the tax is not imposed is $6,670,997.35.
c. the project's expected npy if management proceeds today is $2,061,131.37.
d. the existence of the abandonment will affect the company's decision to proceed with the project today. it increases the expected npy and provides flexibility.
e. the most the company would pay today for the $1.9 million purchase is $868,185.34.
a. the expected npy when the tax is imposed is calculated by discounting the after-tax cash flows of $500,000 for 15 years at the 12% wacc. the result is -$2,548,734.61.
b. the expected npy when the tax is not imposed is calculated by discounting the after-tax cash flows of $1,400,000 for 15 years at the 12% wacc. the result is $6,670,997.35.
c. the project's expected npy when there is a 50% chance of tax being imposed is calculated by taking the weighted average of the npy with tax and npy without tax. the result is $2,061,131.37.
d. the existence of the abandonment increases the expected npy because it provides the flexibility to abandon the project if the tax is imposed. the to sell the property for $7 million after taxes increases the potential payoff and reduces the downside risk.
e. the most the company would pay today for the purchase of the adjacent property is the expected npv of developing the property minus the cost of the . 34 is the maximum amount the company should pay today for the purchase .
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Each year, the Internal Revemue Service odjusts the value of the standard deductions based on intlation (and rounds to the nearest $50. In a recent year, if the exemption was worth $12.550 and inflation was 3.90 petcent what would be the amount of the exemption for the upcoming tax year? Note: Round your finol answer to the nearest $50.
the amount of the exemption for the upcoming tax year, rounded to the nearest $50, would be $13,050. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) adjusts the value of the standard deductions annually based on inflation, rounding to the nearest $50.
Given an exemption worth $12,550 and an inflation rate of 3.90 percent, we need to calculate the amount of the exemption for the upcoming tax year, rounded to the nearest $50. To determine the amount of the exemption for the upcoming tax year, we need to apply the inflation rate to the current exemption amount. First, we calculate the inflation adjustment by multiplying the current exemption amount ($12,550) by the inflation rate (3.90 percent). This gives us an adjustment of $489.45.
Next, we add the adjustment to the current exemption amount to obtain the adjusted exemption value. Adding $489.45 to $12,550 gives us $13,039.45. Since the IRS rounds the value to the nearest $50, we round $13,039.45 to the nearest $50, which is $13,050. Therefore, the amount of the exemption for the upcoming tax year, rounded to the nearest $50, would be $13,050.
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Tips for Engaging your Audience > Know your material. Maintain eye contact. Pace your slides. Avoid reading verbatim from your slides. What is one effective element in the slide above? The bulleted items are listed in chronological order. The spelling and grammar are accurate. Identify another effective element of the PowerPoint slide above. Two or three font styles are used. The background does not distract viewers from reading the slide's content. You are about to create your first PowerPoint presentation for an upcoming team meeting. What is the first step in creating a powerful multimedia presentation? Select the background colour for your slides Analyze your situation Compose your slide show What are the first two steps for creating a powerful multimedia presentation? Create graphics first, and then add special effects O Choose images that help communicate your message and upload your presentation to the Internet O Write the text first, and then select backgrounds and fonts
The effective elements in the slide above include the chronological order of the bulleted items and the use of two or three font styles while ensuring that the background does not distract viewers from reading the slide's content.
These elements contribute to a clear and organized presentation that is visually appealing and easy to follow. When creating a powerful multimedia presentation, the first step is to analyze your situation. This involves understanding the purpose of your presentation, the goals you want to achieve, and the audience you will be presenting to.
The first two steps for creating a powerful multimedia presentation are to write the text first, and then select backgrounds and fonts. This approach ensures that you have a clear message and structure for your presentation before focusing on the visual elements.
By writing the text first, you can determine the key points and main ideas you want to convey. Then, you can select backgrounds and fonts that enhance and complement the content, making it visually appealing and engaging for your audience.
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Why should businesses care about the law? Would businesses be better off if there were no laws affecting them?
Daughter Dora's elderly father gave her written authority via a power of attorney to sell the family house in Minnesota. Dora’s father lived in Arizona, and Dora lived in Minnesota. After about two months she found a buyer for the house and signed an acceptance of the offer on March 21. Later that same day, she learned her father had died the day before (March 20). Other members of the family did not want the family house sold and claimed that the acceptance Dora signed was void. The buyer of the house claims Dora had the legal authority to sell the house and that the contract is binding. Who is right? Why?
Businesses should care about the law because laws provide a framework for maintaining order, resolving disputes, protecting rights, and ensuring fairness in business transactions.
Laws establish the legal and ethical standards that businesses must adhere to, including regulations related to contracts, intellectual property, labor practices, consumer protection, and environmental sustainability. Compliance with the law helps businesses build trust and credibility with customers, employees, investors, and the community. Additionally, legal compliance mitigates the risks of lawsuits, penalties, reputational damage, and other adverse consequences. Businesses would not be better off if there were no laws affecting them. Without laws, there would be chaos, uncertainty, and a lack of accountability in the business environment. The absence of laws would allow unfair competition, exploitation, and abuse of power. It would undermine consumer confidence, hinder economic growth, and erode social stability. Laws provide a level playing field for businesses, protect the rights and interests of stakeholders, and ensure a predictable and regulated business environment that fosters trust and confidence. Regarding the situation with Dora and the sale of the family house, it would depend on the specific laws and regulations governing power of attorney and property transactions in Minnesota and Arizona. Generally, a power of attorney allows an agent (Dora) to act on behalf of the principal (her father) as long as the authority is valid and the agent acts within the scope of that authority. However, the rights and limitations of a power of attorney can vary depending on the jurisdiction and the specific terms of the document.
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Ratios are mostly calculated using data drawn from the financial statements of a firm. However, another group of ratios, called market value ratios, relate to a firm's observable market value, stock prices, and book values, integrating information from both the market and the firm's financial statements. Consider the case of Cold Goose Metal Works Inc.: Cold Goose Metal Works Inc. just reported earnings after tax (also called net income) of $8,000,000 and a current stock price of $14.75 per share. The company is forecasting an increase of 25% for its after-tax income next year, but it also expects it will have to issue 1,500,000 new shares of stock (raising its shares outstanding from 5,500,000 to 7,000,000). If Cold Goose's forecast turns out to be correct and its price/earnings (P/E) ratio does not change, what does the company's management expect its stock price to be one year from now? (Round any P/E ratio calculation to four decimal places.) O $14.55 per share O $14.75 per share O $10.91 per share O $18.19 per share 4 One year later, Cold Goose's shares are trading at $47.12 per share, and the company reports the value of its total common equity as $20,370,000. Given this information, Cold Goose's market-to-book (M/B) ratio is
The company's management expects the stock price to be $10.91 per share one year. To calculate the expected stock price, we need to calculate the future earnings after tax (net income) and then use the price/earnings (P/E) ratio.
The forecasted net income for the next year is $8,000,000 * 1.25 = $10,000,000.
The number of shares outstanding after the stock issuance will be 5,500,000 + 1,500,000 = 7,000,000.
The P/E ratio is calculated by dividing the stock price by earnings per share (EPS). The current P/E ratio can be calculated as $14.75 / ($8,000,000 / 5,500,000) = 10.19.
Using the same P/E ratio, the expected future stock price is $10.91 per share ($10,000,000 / 7,000,000 * 10.19).
Therefore, the answer is $10.91 per share.
For the second part of the question, the market-to-book (M/B) ratio is calculated by dividing the market value of total common equity by the book value of total common equity.
The M/B ratio can be calculated as $47.12 / ($20,370,000 / 7,000,000) = 1.699.
Therefore, Cold Goose's market-to-book (M/B) ratio is 1.699.
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Which of the following claims has priority in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy?
A. Claims of unsecured creditors
B. Taxes legally due and owed
C. Unsecured customer deposits, not to exceed $900 each
D. Wages of not more than $2,000 per worker
E. All of the above have equal priority
In a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, the following claims have priority: Taxes legally due and owed.
A priority claim is a claim that has priority over other claims. In bankruptcy, priority claims are paid first before other claims. Priority claims are generally claims that are owed to creditors who are owed money for certain types of debts. For example, priority claims may be taxes, wages, or unsecured customer deposits.Claims of unsecured creditors do not have priority in Chapter 7 bankruptcy.
They are generally paid after priority claims have been paid. Therefore, option (A) is incorrect.
All of the options listed are not of equal priority, so option (E) is also incorrect.
customer deposits, not to exceed $900 each, have priority over claims of unsecured creditors. Therefore, option (C) is incorrect.
Wages of not more than $2,000 per worker are priority claims. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
legally due and owed are priority claims. Therefore, option (B) is correct.
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How does Joseph Hoffman describe facilitating payments? What is the difference between facilitating payments and bribes?
Why do you think criminal charges against Walmart could result in the company having to pay twice the amount of profits it initially gained from the alleged bribery?
Why would the payments allegedly made by Walmart Mexico not be considered facilitating payments?
Describe the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Why was it passed?
Joseph Hoffman, a professor at Indiana University's Maurer School of Law, describes facilitating payments as small payments made to low-level government officials to expedite or secure routine government actions that are already owed to the payer.
Facilitating payments are legal in certain countries, including the United States under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), provided they meet specific criteria, such as being for routine government actions and accurately recorded.
The main difference between facilitating payments and bribes is their purpose. Facilitating payments are meant to expedite or secure routine government actions that are already owed to the payer, while bribes are made to influence an official to act in favor of the payer's interests, even if it is illegal or unethical. Bribes are generally illegal under the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws.
Criminal charges against Walmart could result in the company having to pay twice the amount of profits it initially gained from the alleged bribery because of the "disgorgement" provision of the FCPA. This provision allows the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to recover any profits gained from corrupt practices. In some cases, the SEC can require companies to forfeit all profits related to the corrupt conduct.
The payments allegedly made by Walmart Mexico may not be considered facilitating payments because they were reportedly made to high-level officials to obtain permits and licenses rather than to expedite routine government actions.
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act is a US law passed in 1977 that prohibits US companies and individuals from bribing foreign officials to obtain or retain business. The FCPA was passed due to concerns that US companies were engaging in widespread corruption abroad, damaging the country's reputation and national security. The FCPA aims to promote transparency and accountability in business transactions and to level the playing field for companies that refuse to engage in bribery.
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Think of the key stakeholders of your business ideas. Then, try to assess the strength and weakness of each of the business idea.
Business idea1 : Social Media
Business idea 2: Software Development
Business idea 3: E-sports and video gaming
Here are some of the key stakeholders for each business idea:
Social Media
* Users: The most important stakeholder for any social media platform is its users.
the content that makes the platform valuable, and they also drive traffic and engagement.
* Advertisers: Advertisers are another important stakeholder for social media platforms. They pay to reach users on these platforms, and they can use social media data to target their ads more effectively.
* Investors: Investors provide the capital that social media platforms need to grow and develop. They are interested in the potential for social media platforms to generate revenue and profit.
Software Development
* Customers: The most important stakeholder for any software development company is its customers. Customers provide the revenue that the company needs to survive and grow.
* Employees: Employees are another important stakeholder for software development companies. They are responsible for developing the software that the company sells, and they also play a role in marketing and selling the software.
* Investors: Investors provide the capital that software development companies need to hire employees, develop software, and market and sell their products.
E-sports and Video Gaming
* Players: The most important stakeholder for any e-sports or video game company is its players. Players provide the revenue that the company needs to survive and grow.
* Viewers: Viewers are another important stakeholder for e-sports and video game companies. They watch the games that are played, and they also provide revenue through advertising and sponsorships.
* Investors: Investors provide the capital that e-sports and video game companies need to hire employees, develop games, and market and sell their products.
Here are some of the strengths and weaknesses of each business idea:
Social Media
* Strengths: Social media platforms have the potential to reach a large audience, and they can be used to build relationships with users. Social media platforms can also be used to generate revenue through advertising.
* Weaknesses: Social media platforms can be addictive, and they can be used to spread misinformation and hate speech. Social media platforms can also be used to collect data about users, which can be used for marketing purposes.
Software Development
* Strengths: Software development is a growing industry, and there is a high demand for software developers. Software development companies can also generate revenue through licensing and subscription fees.
* Weaknesses: Software development can be a risky business, and it can be difficult to develop software that is successful. Software development companies can also face competition from larger companies.
E-sports and Video Gaming
* Strengths: E-sports and video gaming is a growing industry, and there is a large audience for e-sports events and video games. E-sports and video game companies can also generate revenue through advertising, sponsorships, and ticket sales.
* Weaknesses: E-sports and video gaming is a competitive industry, and it can be difficult to break into the market. E-sports and video game companies can also face competition from larger companies.
Overall, each of these business ideas has its own strengths and weaknesses. The best business idea for you will depend on your skills, interests, and risk tolerance.
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1. Workplace Diversity in Hospitality and Tourism
(Links to an external site.)
2. Diversity and Inclusion in the Workplace
(Links to an external site.)
3. Managing Cultural Diversity in the Workplace
(Links to an external site.)
4. How to make a global working life successful by Sunga Seo, TEDx Stuttgart
Self Assessment:
1. What are the greatest strengths and the biggest concerns of the tourism and hospitality organizations in regard to the delivery of services to and interactions with the multi-ethnic/cultural guests?
2. What have you seen or would you like to see in terms of actual effects of ethnic/cultural
initiatives on the work environment and on tourism and hospitality services?
3. Assess the hospitality and tourism industry in general. What are your concerns about any of the ethnic/cultural activities undertaken by tourism and hospitality organizations? Compare the global environment with the Philippine setting. Use current events and articles to support your concerns.
4. How can a future tourism / hospitality worker learn to survive in a culturally diverse workplace?
5. What three (3) steps can you take right now to improve your cultural competence?
The greatest strengths of tourism and hospitality organizations in delivering services to multi-ethnic/cultural guests include their ability to provide diverse and authentic experiences, cater to specific cultural preferences, and promote inclusivity.
However, the biggest concerns revolve around potential cultural misunderstandings, language barriers, and biases that can affect the quality of service and interactions. Organizations must focus on training staff to be culturally sensitive, promoting diversity within their workforce, and implementing effective communication strategies to address these concerns. The actual effects of ethnic/cultural initiatives on the work environment and tourism and hospitality services can be positive and transformative. Such initiatives foster a more inclusive work environment, enhance employee morale, and improve customer satisfaction. By embracing diversity, organizations can tap into new markets, gain a competitive edge, and create memorable experiences for guests. These initiatives can also contribute to the preservation and celebration of local cultures, generating a deeper appreciation for heritage and traditions. The hospitality and tourism industry, in general, has made progress in embracing ethnic/cultural activities and initiatives. However, concerns may arise if these activities are not implemented authentically or if they lead to tokenism or cultural appropriation. It is important for organizations to avoid superficial representation and instead foster meaningful partnerships with local communities.
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The electronic relationship is clearly the favored mode of commercial transaction in the current economic climate. Electronic relationship does bring together more consumers and suppliers, but it eliminates any form of direct and face to face interactions. For this specific reason, electronic relationships are considered a formidable challenge for many organizations. The most significant danger raised by electronic relationships is how to overcome consumers’ perception of online risks. Explain FIVE (5) strategies available to relationship marketers to reduce this perception of risk in electronic relationships.
Relationship marketers can employ five strategies to reduce consumers' perception of online risks in electronic relationships. These strategies include building trust through security measures, providing clear and transparent communication.
To reduce consumers' perception of online risks in electronic relationships, relationship marketers can focus on building trust. This can be achieved by implementing robust security measures, such as SSL encryption, to protect sensitive customer information and ensure a safe online environment. Additionally, relationship marketers should provide clear and transparent communication regarding their privacy policies, terms and conditions, and data handling practices, helping to alleviate any concerns about personal information misuse.
Offering guarantees and warranties can also help mitigate perceived risks. By providing assurances of product quality and customer satisfaction, relationship marketers can instill confidence in potential buyers. Leveraging social proof, such as customer testimonials and reviews, can further reduce perceived risks by demonstrating positive experiences of previous customers.
Finally, facilitating easy and secure payment options, such as trusted third-party payment gateways and secure online transactions, is crucial. This allows customers to make purchases without worrying about their financial information being compromised. By employing these strategies, relationship marketers can help alleviate consumers' concerns and foster trust in electronic relationships.
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There are 500,000 customers in the beginning of 2021. Among those, 80% the customers were retained by the end of 2021. The average revenue from a retained customer was $100/year. The average revenue from a lost customer was $40/year. The average revenue from a new customer was $50/year. The company acquired 80,000 new customers in 2021.
What will be the overall revenue if the company can raise retention rate to 90% in 2022
If the company can raise the retention rate to 90%.
To calculate the overall revenue for 2022, we need to consider the revenue from retained customers, lost customers, and new customers, based on the given information.
Given:
- Customers at the beginning of 2021: 500,000
- Retention rate by the end of 2021: 80%
- Average revenue from a retained customer: $100/year
- Average revenue from a lost customer: $40/year
- Average revenue from a new customer: $50/year
- New customers acquired in 2021: 80,000
Step 1: Calculate the number of retained customers at the end of 2021:
Retained customers = Customers at the beginning of 2021 * Retention rate
Retained customers = 500,000 * 80% = 400,000
Step 2: Calculate the revenue from retained customers in 2021:
Revenue from retained customers = Average revenue from a retained customer * Retained customers
Revenue from retained customers = $100/year * 400,000 = $40,000,000
Step 3: Calculate the revenue from lost customers in 2021:
Lost customers = Customers at the beginning of 2021 - Retained customers
Lost customers = 500,000 - 400,000 = 100,000
Revenue from lost customers = Average revenue from a lost customer * Lost customers
Revenue from lost customers = $40/year * 100,000 = $4,000,000
Step 4: Calculate the revenue from new customers in 2021:
Revenue from new customers = Average revenue from a new customer * New customers acquired in 2021
Revenue from new customers = $50/year * 80,000 = $4,000,000
Step 5: Calculate the overall revenue for 2021:
Overall revenue in 2021 = Revenue from retained customers + Revenue from lost customers + Revenue from new customers
Overall revenue in 2021 = $40,000,000 + $4,000,000 + $4,000,000 = $48,000,000
Step 6: Calculate the projected overall revenue for 2022 with a retention rate of 90%:
Projected retained customers for 2022 = Customers at the beginning of 2021 * New retention rate
Projected retained customers for 2022 = 500,000 * 90% = 450,000
Projected revenue from retained customers in 2022 = Average revenue from a retained customer * Projected retained customers for 2022
Projected revenue from retained customers in 2022 = $100/year * 450,000 = $45,000,000
Projected revenue from lost customers in 2022 = Average revenue from a lost customer * (Customers at the beginning of 2021 - Projected retained customers for 2022)
Projected revenue from lost customers in 2022 = $40/year * (500,000 - 450,000) = $2,000,000
Projected revenue from new customers in 2022 = Average revenue from a new customer * New customers acquired in 2022 (assuming the same number as 2021)
Projected revenue from new customers in 2022 = $50/year * 80,000 = $4,000,000
Projected overall revenue in 2022 = Projected revenue from retained customers in 2022 + Projected revenue from lost customers in 2022 + Projected revenue from new customers in 2022
Projected overall revenue in 2022 = $45,000,000 + $2,000,000 + $4,000,000 = $51,000,000
Therefore, if the company can raise the retention rate to 90%.
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The Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant in China sells not only KFC's regular items, but also congee, a rice porridge that features pork, pickles, mushrooms, and preserved egg; as well, highlights the "family time" KFC provides when advertising in China. Similarly, Pizza Hut in India sells a range of its American pizza topping, as well as a "butter chicken" topping, which is a common curry in India; and advertises pizza, not as a fast food, but a complete meal. These are examples of which global expansion product and promotion strategy?
A. straight extension
B. Product invention
C. Product adaptations
D. dual adaptation
E. sell only products native to the home country
The examples provided are illustrations of product adaptation and promotion strategy in global expansion.
In the case of KFC in China, the inclusion of congee on the menu reflects an adaptation to the local taste preferences and culinary traditions. By offering a traditional Chinese dish alongside their regular menu items, KFC is able to attract a wider customer base and cater to local preferences. Additionally, highlighting "family time" in their advertising aligns with the importance of family values in Chinese culture, appealing to the target audience and creating a sense of familiarity and connection.
Similarly, Pizza Hut in India demonstrates product adaptation by introducing a "butter chicken" topping, which is a popular curry in the country. By incorporating local flavors and ingredients into their menu, Pizza Hut can cater to the Indian market's taste preferences and offer a product that resonates with the local culinary culture. Furthermore, their promotion strategy of positioning pizza as a complete meal, rather than just fast food, aligns with the Indian dining culture, where meals are often seen as more leisurely and comprehensive experiences.
Overall, these examples highlight the importance of adapting products and promotion strategies to local markets when expanding globally. By understanding and addressing the unique needs, preferences, and cultural nuances of the target market, companies can increase their chances of success and effectively connect with consumers on a local level.
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5.
a. Why do companies incorporate both fixed compensation and performance-based compensations?
(5 points)
b. Prepare compensation plan for following job? (Research published pay surveys and prepare your
program based on Canadian market conditions). Provide your sources.
a. Companies incorporate both fixed compensation and performance-based compensation to strike a balance between rewarding employees for their regular job responsibilities and incentivizing exceptional performance and achievement of specific goals.
b. Job: Software Developer
Compensation Plan:
Base Salary:
a. Companies incorporate both fixed compensation and performance-based compensation to strike a balance between rewarding employees for their regular job responsibilities (fixed compensation) and incentivizing exceptional performance and achievement of specific goals (performance-based compensation). Fixed compensation ensures employees receive a stable and predictable income, regardless of individual performance or external factors. This provides a sense of security and helps attract and retain talent. On the other hand, performance-based compensation, such as bonuses, commissions, or profit-sharing, motivates employees to go above and beyond, aligning their efforts with the company's objectives. It promotes a results-oriented culture, encourages productivity, and rewards high performers. By combining fixed and performance-based compensation, companies can create a compensation structure that recognizes both consistent contributions and exceptional performance, fostering a motivated and engaged workforce.
b. Job: Software Developer
Compensation Plan:
Base Salary: Determine a competitive base salary for a Software Developer based on market research. Consider factors such as experience, skills, education, and location. Sources for salary data can include reputable salary surveys like the Robert Half Technology Salary Guide, PayScale, or Glassdoor.
Performance-Based Bonus: Implement a performance-based bonus program to reward exceptional individual or team achievements. Set clear performance metrics aligned with the company's goals and objectives, such as successful project completion, meeting deadlines, client satisfaction, or innovation. Determine the bonus structure as a percentage of the base salary and establish threshold levels for different levels of performance.
Profit-Sharing: Consider implementing a profit-sharing program to involve software developers in the company's financial success. Allocate a percentage of the company's profits to be distributed among employees based on their contribution to overall performance or predetermined criteria.
Stock Options or Equity: Consider offering stock options or equity grants to software developers as a long-term incentive and to align their interests with the company's growth. Determine the eligibility criteria, vesting period, and exercise conditions based on industry practices and market conditions.
Benefits Package: Provide a comprehensive benefits package, including health insurance, retirement plans, paid time off, flexible work arrangements, professional development opportunities, and other perks relevant to the Canadian market and industry standards.
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Discuss the utilitarian approach to business ethics and examine its weaknesses.
Utilitarianism in business ethics is an approach that aims to maximize overall happiness or utility for the greatest number of people. Its weaknesses include challenges in measuring utility,
potential neglect of minority interests, and a focus on short-term gains over long-term consequences. Additionally, it may overlook intrinsic values and rights, and predicting consequences accurately can be difficult.The utilitarian approach to business ethics focuses on maximizing overall happiness or utility by evaluating the consequences of actions. It determines the ethicality of an action based on the net positive utility it generates for society. However, there are several weaknesses associated with this approach. Firstly, measuring utility objectively is challenging, as it requires quantifying diverse values and experiences. This subjectivity undermines the accuracy of assessing the consequences of actions. Secondly, utilitarianism may prioritize majority interests, potentially neglecting the needs and well-being of minority groups. This raises concerns about fairness and justice. Additionally, the focus on short-term gains can lead to overlooking long-term sustainability and ethical considerations. Utilitarianism may justify actions that violate intrinsic moral values or rights if it maximizes overall happiness. Lastly, accurately predicting the consequences of actions in complex business environments is difficult, which can undermine the reliability of utilitarian decision-making. Considering these weaknesses, it is important to complement the utilitarian approach with other ethical perspectives for a more comprehensive ethical framework in business.
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Your Good Experiences
Something you feel you did well, enjoyed doing and are proud of
1. What is the Good Experience that first comes to your mind? (Briefly write it here).
2. What activities give you the most pleasure when you are not at work? Give two or more examples.
3. In your latest assignment, activity or work experience, which parts did you do best and enjoy most? Give three
or more parts.
4. Below, briefly describe as many of your Good Experiences as you can (all parts/times of life and all identity
groups). Try to identify at least 15, use the back of the page for more.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
5. Prioritize your top 5 Good Experiences, 1 being your favorite and so on.
6. In the boxes below, describe each of your top 5 Good Experiences. For each one, summarize the experience with
details about what you did when making it happen and your age at the time.
GE 1
GE 3
GE 2
GE 4
GE 5
The first Good Experience that comes to mind is an overseas volunteer trip to help build houses for underprivileged communities. Activities that give the most pleasure outside of work include hiking in nature and playing musical instruments.
Good Experiences:
A. Graduating at the top of my class in high school.
B. Traveling solo to a foreign country and immersing myself in the culture.
C. Participating in a theater production and receiving positive feedback for my performance.
D. Volunteering at a local animal shelter and finding homes for several rescued animals.
E. Completing a marathon and achieving a personal best time.
F. Becoming a mentor to a younger student and helping them succeed academically.
G. Starting my own small business and witnessing its growth and success.
H. Getting married and celebrating the love and commitment with family and friends.
I. Learning a new language and being able to have meaningful conversations with native speakers.
J. Publishing an article in a reputable journal and receiving recognition for my research.
K. Overcoming a personal fear, such as public speaking, and delivering a confident presentation.
L. Receiving a promotion at work and taking on a leadership role within the organization.
M. Attending a music concert of my favorite artist and being immersed in the live performance.
N. Graduating from college and feeling a sense of accomplishment for completing my degree.
O. Being recognized with an award for my contributions and achievements in a professional setting.
Prioritizing the top 5 Good Experiences:
Traveling solo to a foreign country
Starting my own small business
Volunteering at a local animal shelter
Completing a marathon
Graduating at the top of my class in high school
Description of top 5 Good Experiences:
GE 1: Traveling solo to a foreign country allowed me to explore new cultures, make independent decisions, and step out of my comfort zone. I was 25 years old at the time and planned the trip meticulously, immersing myself in local customs, trying new foods, and forming lasting connections with fellow travelers.
GE 2: Starting my own small business was a challenging but rewarding experience. I was 30 years old and invested time and effort into market research, product development, and marketing strategies. Witnessing the growth and success of the business brought me a sense of pride and fulfillment.
GE 3: Volunteering at a local animal shelter was a fulfilling experience. I spent time caring for the animals, finding them loving homes, and advocating for their well-being. The joy of seeing them find a new family and providing them with a better life was immensely rewarding.
GE 4: Completing a marathon was a personal achievement that required discipline, dedication, and perseverance. Training for months and pushing through physical and mental barriers allowed me to cross the finish line with a sense of accomplishment and pride. I was 35 years old when I completed my first marathon.
GE 5: Graduating at the top of my class in high school was a significant milestone in my academic journey. The dedication to my studies, active participation in extracurricular activities, and support from teachers and family contributed to this achievement. It provided a strong foundation for my future educational and professional endeavors.
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At its inception, the mission assigned to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) was to maintain order in the international monetary system through a combination of discipline and flexibility. Explain how this mission was challenged during the 1997 East Asian Financial Crisis. Discuss its performance during the COVID-19 period.
Question 5 (4 marks)
Discuss conditions under which the deficit in the balance of payment can be sometimes good for a country.
During the 1997 East Asian Financial Crisis, the mission of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to maintain order in the international monetary system was challenged due to several factors.
The crisis originated in Thailand and quickly spread to other East Asian countries, causing severe economic and financial disruptions. The crisis exposed weaknesses in the financial systems of these countries, including high levels of debt, inadequate regulation, and unsustainable currency pegs.
The IMF's response to the crisis was criticized for its emphasis on strict fiscal austerity measures and the imposition of structural reforms. These measures, aimed at restoring economic stability and attracting foreign investment, led to social and political unrest in some countries. Critics argued that the IMF's approach exacerbated the crisis by exacerbating recessions and deepening economic inequalities.
During the COVID-19 period, the IMF played a crucial role in providing financial assistance and policy advice to member countries. The pandemic led to a global economic downturn, with widespread disruptions to trade, tourism, and financial markets. The IMF swiftly responded by implementing emergency financing facilities and offering debt relief initiatives to help countries mitigate the economic impact of the pandemic.
The IMF's performance during the COVID-19 period was generally viewed positively. It provided significant financial support to member countries, including low-income and emerging market economies, to address the immediate health and economic challenges posed by the pandemic. The IMF also advocated for coordinated global policy responses and promoted the importance of fiscal stimulus and social safety nets to support recovery efforts.
Regarding the deficit in the balance of payment, there are certain conditions under which it can be considered beneficial for a country:
Export-oriented Strategy: A country with a strong export sector can benefit from a deficit in the balance of payment as it indicates a high level of export activity and competitiveness. The deficit can be seen as a result of increased imports of raw materials or intermediate goods needed for export production.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): A deficit in the balance of payment can indicate a high level of foreign direct investment flowing into the country. This influx of investment can lead to economic growth, job creation, and technology transfer, which can have long-term positive effects on the country's economy.
Consumption and Investment: A deficit in the balance of payment can be an indication of increased consumption and investment levels within the country. Higher consumer spending and business investment can stimulate domestic economic activity and contribute to overall economic growth.
Economic Development: Developing countries often run deficits in their balance of payment as they require external financing for infrastructure development, education, and healthcare. In such cases, the deficit can be seen as a necessary step in the process of economic development and improving living standards.
It is important to note that a sustained and excessive deficit in the balance of payment can lead to long-term economic vulnerabilities, including dependence on foreign borrowing, currency depreciation, and inflation. Therefore, managing the deficit and ensuring its sustainability is crucial for a country's overall economic stability and growth.
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Apply What You've Learned - Managing Property and LiabilityRisk Scenario: You own a home with a market value of $275,000. Of this amount, $85,000 is apportioned to the land and $190,000 is apportioned to the house. It is estimated that the house would cost $225,000 to rebuild. The personal property in your home is worth $95,000, including a $3,000 diamond ring and a $4,000 computer system. You also own a car worth $35,000. You live in a state where there is a high risk for earthquakes. You have $150,000 in savings and investments that could be drawn on in case of emergency. You currently have a standard homeowner's policy with a $500 deductible, which insures your house for $275,000 and your personal belongings for $135,000, and you carry the minimum requirements of your state for car insurance. You have been advised to adjust your insurance coverage based on the large-loss principle. Given your current insurance coverage, in the event of a fire, your house and household belongings are over-insured by If you were to reduce the coverage on your home to its replaceme reduced to . This is because the minimum personal In what area is the coverage on the home itself severely lacking? Fire damage, which is not included in a standard homeowner's policy. According to the large-loss principal, you should: Transfer all risks possible to insurance. Insure your property for the maximum amount available. Insure only those risks that you cannot afford to cover using your own financial resources. Insure your property for minimum amounts only. . This is because the minimum personal In what are In what area is the coverage on the home itself severely lacking? Based on the large-loss principle and your particular situation, a is most appropriate for your homeowner's policy. If you were to reduce the coverage on your home to its replacement value of $225,000, then your personal property coverage could also be Fire damage, which is not included in a standard homeowner's policy. Volcano damage, which is not included in a standard homeowner's policy. Earthquake damage, which is not included in a standard homeowner's policy. The deductible should be reduced. In what area is the coverage of your personal property particularly inadequate?
The coverage of their personal property is particularly inadequate in this case. Therefore, the person should get additional earthquake insurance coverage to secure their home in case of an earthquake, and also reduce their personal property coverage according to the policy guidelines.
Based on the given scenario, the coverage on the home itself is severely lacking in case of an earthquake. It is mentioned that the person lives in a state where there is a high risk for earthquakes, and the policy currently carried by the person is a standard homeowner's policy that does not cover the earthquake damage. Therefore, if an earthquake hits, the person will not be covered for the damages.
According to the large-loss principle, a person should insure only those risks that they cannot afford to cover using their own financial resources. So, the appropriate thing to do in this situation would be to get additional earthquake insurance to cover the risks associated with an earthquake.
If the person reduces the coverage on their home to its replacement value of $225,000, then their personal property coverage could also be reduced to $90,000, which is the maximum allowed coverage by the policy. So, the coverage of their personal property is particularly inadequate in this case.
Therefore, the person should get additional earthquake insurance coverage to secure their home in case of an earthquake, and also reduce their personal property coverage according to the policy guidelines.
Based on the given scenario, the coverage on the home itself is severely lacking in case of an earthquake. The person needs to get additional earthquake insurance to cover the risks associated with an earthquake. The coverage of their personal property is particularly inadequate in this case. Therefore, the person should get additional earthquake insurance coverage to secure their home in case of an earthquake, and also reduce their personal property coverage according to the policy guidelines.
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Pick 3 Modern Types Of Organizational Structures. Name One Advantage And One Disadvantage Of Each 2) Why Is Structure An Integral Part Of An Organization? 3) Name 3 Aims Of Organizational Design? 4) What Is The Starting Point For An Organizational Analysis? 5) Research Conducted By Whittington And Molloy (2005) Identified Steps To Successful
1) Pick 3 modern types of organizational structures. Name one advantage and one disadvantage of each
2) Why is structure an integral part of an organization?
3) Name 3 aims of organizational design?
4) What is the starting point for an organizational analysis?
5) Research conducted by Whittington and Molloy (2005) identified steps to successful organizing. Name 2
6) Organizational design requires skill, knowledge, and the right behavior to achieve an organization design, which is suitable for achieving the goals of the organization. Name 3 key attributes of successful leaders as part of an org design listed by Foster (2017
Three modern types of organizational structures: Matrix structure, Team structure, Network structure. Structure is an integral part of an organization because it establishes roles and responsibilities. Three aims of organizational design are:Optimizing decision-making processes. The starting point for an organizational analysis is to identify the organization's objectives, structure, and processes.
1) Three modern types of organizational structures:
1. Matrix structure: Advantage: The matrix structure encourages teamwork, cross-functional communication, and the utilization of specialized resources.
Disadvantage: It is difficult to coordinate activities between different projects or products, as it can lead to confusion.
2. Team structure: Advantage: The team structure allows for quick decision-making, increased employee involvement, and autonomy.
Disadvantage: The team structure has a limited ability to produce significant economies of scale.
3. Network structure: Advantage: The network structure provides businesses with increased flexibility, access to expertise and resources, and the ability to quickly change operations.
Disadvantage: The network structure lacks the formal organizational structure that promotes efficiency and cost reduction.
2) Structure is an integral part of an organization because it establishes roles and responsibilities, creates communication channels, and provides a framework for decision-making and accountability.
A well-designed structure enables employees to understand how they fit into the organization and contributes to a company's success.
3) Three aims of organizational design are:Optimizing decision-making processes. Improving organizational efficiency and productivity.Creating an organizational structure that aligns with the company's goals.
4) The starting point for an organizational analysis is to identify the organization's objectives, structure, and processes. This can be done through a series of surveys, interviews, and data collection.
5) The steps to successful organizing, as identified by Whittington and Molloy (2005), are: Assess the external environment.Analyze the organization's capabilities and resources.Create a strategic vision and objectives. Develop a plan for achieving goals. Implement the plan and monitor progress.
6) Three key attributes of successful leaders as part of an organizational design, as listed by Foster (2017), are: Being able to develop and communicate a clear strategic vision. Building a culture of innovation and accountability. Creating an environment of trust and collaboration.
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PART 1: CALCULATION QUESTIONS (10 marks)
Direction: Answer the following question by using the required proforma and formulas.
1. A 5 year bond with 10 % coupon rate and BD 2000 Face value and has yield to maturity of 6 % . Assuming annual coupon payment. Calculate price of the bond Present value of the bond.
Required:
1. Estimate the Cash Flow
2. Illustrate the time line of cash flow
3. Calculate the present value.
Additional reference:
CP= CR X FV
PV= FV/ (1 + r) n
1. Estimate the Cash Flow: The annual coupon payment is BD 200.
2. Illustrate the time line of cash flow:
Year 1-4: BD 200 coupon payment
Year 5: BD 200 coupon payment and BD 2000 face value payment
3. Calculate the present value:
Using the formula PV = Cash Flow / (1 + r)^n, where PV is the present value, r is the yield to maturity rate, and n is the number of years.
Calculate the present value of each cash flow and sum them up to find the present value of the bond.
1. Estimate the Cash Flow:
The cash flow from the bond consists of annual coupon payments and the final face value payment at maturity. Given the information provided:
Coupon rate (CR) = 10% of the face value
Face value (FV) = BD 2000
The annual coupon payment is calculated as:
Annual coupon payment = CR * FV
Annual coupon payment = 10% * BD 2000 = BD 200
2. Illustrate the timeline of cash flow:
The timeline of cash flows for the bond will span over 5 years, with annual coupon payments and the face value payment at maturity. Assuming the bond pays coupons annually, the timeline will look like this:
Year 1: Coupon payment of BD 200
Year 2: Coupon payment of BD 200
Year 3: Coupon payment of BD 200
Year 4: Coupon payment of BD 200
Year 5: Coupon payment of BD 200 + Face value payment of BD 2000
3. Calculate the present value:
To calculate the present value of the bond, we discount each cash flow at the yield-to-maturity (YTM) rate of 6%. The present value of each cash flow is calculated using the formula:
PV = Cash Flow / (1 + r)^n
Where PV is the present value, r is the discount rate (YTM), and n is the number of periods.
Using the provided formulas, we can calculate the present value of each cash flow:
Year 1: PV = BD 200 / (1 + 0.06)^1
Year 2: PV = BD 200 / (1 + 0.06)^2
Year 3: PV = BD 200 / (1 + 0.06)^3
Year 4: PV = BD 200 / (1 + 0.06)^4
Year 5: PV = (BD 200 + BD 2000) / (1 + 0.06)^5
By calculating the present value of each cash flow and summing them up, we can find the price of the bond, which is the present value of all future cash flows.
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The case gives the student additional opportunities to work with issues related to cost of capital. It focuses on the irrelevance of historical cost and the close relationship of retained earnings and new common stock in supplying equity capital. The concept of the marginal cost of capital is heavily stressed, and the use of the capital asset pricing model as an alternative to computing the cost of equity capital is also introduced. Please note that it is assumed that the historical costs of the capital structure approximate their market values. Relation to Text: The case should follow Chapter 11 . Complexity: The case tends to be reasonably straightforward and requires about 1/2 hour. Berkshire Instruments With all this information in hand, Al Hansen sat down to determine his firm's cost of capital. He was a little confused about computing the firm's cost of common equity. He knew there were two different formulas: one: one for the cost of retained earnings and one for the cost of new common stock. His investment dealer suggested that he follow the normally accepted approach used in determining the marginal cost of capital. First, determine the cost of capital for as large a capital structure as current retained earnings will support; then, determine the cost of capital based on exclusively using new common stock. Figure 1 Figure 2 1. Determine the weighted average cost of capital based on using retained earnings in the capital structure. The percentage composition in the capital structure for bonds, preferred stock, and common equity should be based on the current capital structure of long-term financing as shown in Figure 1 (it adds up to $18 million). (Use the historical costs on the assumption they approximate market values) Common equity will represent 60 percent of financing throughout this case. Use Rollins instruments data to calculate the cost of preferred shares and debt. -or preferred shares, take into consideration of the flotati 2. Recompute the weighted average cost of capital based on using new common shares in the capital structure. The weights remain the same, only common equity is now supplied by new common shares, rather than by retained earnings. After how much new financing will this increase in the cost of capital take place? Determine this by dividing retained earnings by the percent of common equity in the capital structure. 3. Assume the investment dealer also wishes to use the capital asset pricing model, as shown in Formula 11-4 in the text, to compute the cost (required return) on common shares. Assume R f
=6 percent, B is 1.25, and R m
is 13 percent. What is the value of K α
? How does this compare to the value of K e
computed in question 1 ? Use financial calculator to find the yield of the bonds of Rollins Instructments: I/Y= Calculate the cost of debt: K d
=Y( Yield )(1−T) Kd= Calculate the cost of preferred shares: K p
= (P p
−F)
D p
Flotation cost: $2.60 Kp= Calculate the cost of common shares: Retained earnings belong to common shareholders and represent a source of equity capital supplied by current shareholders Common equity in the form retained earnings is equal to the rate of return on the firm's common stock K e
= P o
D 1
+g D1 = Earnings per share x Dividend payout ratio = = FV=PV(1+g) ∧
n g= Ke= Calculate the weighted cost of capital (using retained earnings): Calculate the cost of common shares (using new common shares): The cost of new common stock: K n
=( P 0
D 1
+g) P n
P o
3. Using CAPM to calculate the cost of common shares: K=R f
K=
=
+β(R m
−R f
)
Analysis of K when compared to Ke from 1 :
The case presented involves determining the cost of capital for Berkshire Instruments. Al Hansen, the protagonist, needs to calculate the firm's cost of common equity using two different formulas: one for retained earnings and one for new common stock.
The investment dealer suggests following the accepted approach of determining the marginal cost of capital.
To compute the cost of capital, the case provides two steps: Determine the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) using the current capital structure, including bonds, preferred stock, and common equity based on historical costs. The percentage composition in the capital structure is given in Figure 1.
Recompute the WACC using new common shares instead of retained earnings for common equity. The weights remain the same, and the only change is the source of common equity. The case asks to determine the amount of new financing that would lead to an increase in the cost of capital.
Additionally, the investment dealer suggests using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to compute the required return on common shares. Formula 11-4 in the text is referenced for this purpose.
The case offers an opportunity to apply concepts related to the cost of capital, including the marginal cost of capital, cost of retained earnings, cost of new common stock, and the use of CAPM for determining the required return on common shares.
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How do we ensure the tools being used in the execution of
Industry/Quality 4.0 are value-added OR how do we ensure "the needs
drive the tools"?
To ensure that the tools used in the Industry/Quality 4.0 are value-added and that the needs drive the tools, the following approaches can be implemented:
Identify and prioritize needs: It is essential to thoroughly understand the needs and requirements of the organization before selecting and implementing any tools. This can be achieved through comprehensive assessments, gap analyses, and consultation with relevant stakeholders. By clearly identifying and prioritizing needs, organizations can ensure that the selected tools address specific challenges and provide value.
Conduct cost-benefit analysis: Before implementing any tool, it is crucial to evaluate its potential benefits and costs. A thorough cost-benefit analysis helps determine the value that a particular tool can bring to the organization. Consider factors such as efficiency gains, improved productivity, cost reduction, and competitive advantage when assessing the value proposition of the tool.
Pilot testing and evaluation: Prior to full-scale implementation, conducting pilot tests of the selected tools can provide valuable insights. Pilot testing allows organizations to assess the tool's effectiveness, usability, and alignment with the identified needs. Feedback from users and stakeholders during the pilot phase can guide any necessary adjustments or refinements to ensure the tool is meeting the requirements.
Continuous monitoring and improvement: Once the tools are deployed, it is important to continuously monitor their performance and gather feedback from users. This feedback loop enables organizations to identify any gaps, issues, or areas for improvement. By actively seeking and incorporating user feedback, organizations can ensure that the tools remain aligned with the evolving needs of the organization.
Regular review and adaptation: As Industry/Quality 4.0 technologies and tools rapidly evolve, it is essential to regularly review the existing tools and explore emerging technologies. This proactive approach allows organizations to stay ahead of the curve and ensure that their toolset remains relevant and value-added.
By adopting these strategies, organizations can ensure that the tools used in the execution of Industry/Quality 4.0 are driven by the needs and provide tangible value, leading to improved efficiency, productivity, and overall success in the digital transformation journey.
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The Purpose Of This Assignment is To Employ Accounting Principles And Relevant Business Practices To Evaluate A Company's Performance And Financial Position Through A Comparison To Industr. The purpose of this assignment is to employ accounting principles and relevant business practices to evaluate a company's performance and financial position through a comparison to industry data Locate the Critical Thinking CT 10.4 problem at the end of Chapter 10 in the textbook This will serve as the structure for your assignment. Begin by choosing two competing publicly traded companies from the list below. 1. Coca-Cola and Pepsico 2. Walmart and Target 3. Nike and Adidas For the pair of companies selected, you will need to use each company's stock symbol to locate the liquidity, solvency, and profitability ratios on the MSN Money website. As part of your research, you will need to identify each company's stock symbol for the American market. Review the competing companies' ratios provided at the MSN Money website https://www.msn.com/enus/moneywww.msn.com . Navigate to My Watchlist and enter the name of the company in the Quote Search. Identify and select the correct stock symbol. Under the "Analysis" heading, use the Growth, Profitability, Price Ratios, Financial Health, Trading Statistics and Management Effectiveness information to complete a 750−1,000 word comparison addressing the following: 1. Evaluate each company's liquidity relative to its competitor using at least three ratios 2. Evaluate each company's solvency relative to its competitor using at least two ratios 3. Evaluate each company's profitability relative to its competitor using at least three ratios Note: You will be assessed on your ability to evaluate each company's performance based on the information provided at MSN Money. You do not need to calculate the ratios for individual companies the industry averages. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Stud Success Center. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. Rubric Evaluation of Liquidity, Solvency, and Profitability (B)
The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate the liquidity, solvency, and profitability of two competing publicly traded companies, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo, using relevant financial ratios from the MSN Money website.
Liquidity Evaluation: The liquidity of a company refers to its ability to meet short-term obligations. By comparing the current ratio, quick ratio, and cash ratio of Coca-Cola and PepsiCo, we can assess their liquidity positions. The current ratio measures the ability to cover short-term liabilities with current assets, while the quick ratio focuses on the ability to pay off current liabilities without relying on inventory. The cash ratio indicates the extent to which cash and cash equivalents cover current liabilities.
Solvency Evaluation: Solvency examines a company's long-term financial stability. Two ratios commonly used are the debt-to-equity ratio and the interest coverage ratio. The debt-to-equity ratio indicates the proportion of debt relative to shareholders' equity, reflecting solvency risk. The interest coverage ratio assesses a company's ability to meet interest payments. By comparing these ratios for Coca-Cola and PepsiCo, we can evaluate their solvency positions.
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Servant leadership emphasizes persuasion and empathy to gain self-interest. transactional leadership for higher goals. task orientation through respect and stewardship. listening and stewardship to develop followers' potential. commitment through listening and empathy.
Servant leadership emphasizes task orientation through respect and stewardship.
Servant leadership is a leadership approach that prioritizes the needs and development of followers. It involves focusing on the growth and well-being of others and promoting their success. One important aspect of servant leadership is task orientation, which refers to the leader's commitment to accomplishing goals and objectives while demonstrating respect and stewardship. The leader takes responsibility for guiding and supporting their team members, ensuring that tasks are completed effectively and efficiently. This approach emphasizes the importance of treating others with respect, fostering a supportive work environment, and being accountable for the tasks at hand. By demonstrating respect and stewardship, servant leaders create a positive and empowering work culture that enables followers to reach their full potential.
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Explain the trade-offs between savings on inventory holding costs and investing in transhipment transportation by centralizing its distribution and servicing the market from only one centralised distribution site
The decision depends on balancing the potential savings on inventory holding costs with the increased transportation costs and potential impact on customer service.
When considering the trade-offs between savings on inventory holding costs and investing in transhipment transportation by centralizing distribution, there are several factors to consider.
Centralizing distribution and servicing the market from one centralized distribution site can offer potential cost savings. By consolidating inventory in a single location, the company can reduce the need for multiple warehouses or distribution centers, leading to lower operational and overhead costs.
However, there are trade-offs to consider. One key trade-off is increased transportation costs. With centralized distribution, products need to be transported from the central site to various locations, which may result in longer transit times and increased transportation expenses. This includes the cost of shipping products to different regions or markets and the potential for increased fuel costs or the need for additional transportation resources.
Another trade-off is the potential impact on customer service. Centralized distribution may lead to longer lead times for customers located farther from the central site. This can affect customer satisfaction and competitiveness in markets where fast delivery is a critical factor.
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Pembroke company needs 1,000 eleytric drills per year. The ordering cost for these is $100 per order and the carrying cost is assumed to be 20% of the per unit cost. In orders of less than 120 , drills cost $100; In orders of greater than or equal to 120 but less than 140 , drills cost $80, but for orders of 140 or more, the cost drops to $60 per unit. Should the company take advantage of the quantity discount?
The Pembroke company needs 1,000 electric drills per year and faces quantity discounts based on the number of units ordered. The ordering cost is $100 per order, and the carrying cost is 20% of the per unit cost. The cost per unit varies depending on the quantity ordered: $100 for orders of less than 120, $80 for orders of 120 to 139, and $60 for orders of 140 or more. The company should evaluate whether taking advantage of the quantity discount will result in cost savings.
To determine whether the company should take advantage of the quantity discount, we need to compare the total costs under different order quantities. Let's calculate the total cost for each scenario:
For orders of less than 120: Cost per unit = $100
Total cost = (Cost per unit * Annual demand) + (Ordering cost * Number of orders) + (Carrying cost per unit * Annual demand)
For orders of 120 to 139: Cost per unit = $80
Total cost = (Cost per unit * Annual demand) + (Ordering cost * Number of orders) + (Carrying cost per unit * Annual demand)
For orders of 140 or more: Cost per unit = $60
Total cost = (Cost per unit * Annual demand) + (Ordering cost * Number of orders) + (Carrying cost per unit * Annual demand)
By calculating the total costs under each scenario, we can compare the results. The scenario with the lowest total cost will be the most cost-effective option for the Pembroke company.
In summary, to determine whether the company should take advantage of the quantity discount, we need to compare the total costs for different order quantities. By evaluating the total costs under each scenario, we can identify which option results in the lowest overall cost for the company.
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Read the description of Steve Jobs in section 13.1 of your text. Then answer the following questions.
1. Steve Jobs has achieved a great deal of success. What are some possible negative consequences of the level of power that he holds?
2. Where does Steve Jobs’s power and influence come from (which sources)?
3. Does a member of an organisation who has the title of power, such as Steve Jobs, need legitimacy from the members of the organisation to realize that power, or is the title enough?
4. Apple is a global company. How might the power structure within Apple change to reflect regional differences?
Steve Jobs, a highly successful individual, holds significant power. However, this power can lead to negative consequences. Steve Jobs's power and influence stem from various sources.
Negative consequences of Steve Jobs's level of power:
a) Lack of checks and balances: With substantial power, there is a risk of limited accountability and oversight, potentially leading to decisions that may not be in the best interest of the organization or its stakeholders.
b) Resistance and conflicts: Jobs' strong personality and leadership style could result in conflicts with employees, stifling collaboration and innovation. Dissenting voices may be suppressed, hindering diverse perspectives and creativity.
Sources of Steve Jobs's power and influence:
Jobs' power primarily stems from several sources, including:
a) Expert power: His visionary thinking, design aesthetics, and ability to anticipate consumer needs established him as a thought leader in the technology industry.
b) Referent power: Jobs's charisma, influential communication style, and ability to inspire and motivate others earned him respect and followership.
c) Positional power: As the co-founder and CEO of Apple, Jobs held formal authority and decision-making control, providing him with power derived from his title and position.
Legitimacy and titles of power:
While having a title of power can grant authority, it is not sufficient on its own. Legitimacy, gained through the acknowledgment and acceptance of others within the organization, plays a vital role in realizing and maintaining power. Without legitimacy, individuals may face resistance, skepticism, and challenges in effectively exercising their power.
Power structure within Apple and regional differences:
As a global company, Apple's power structure may adapt to reflect regional differences. This could involve decentralizing decision-making to regional teams, empowering local leaders to cater to specific market demands and cultural nuances. The distribution of power and decision-making authority may shift to include regional executives who possess the necessary expertise and knowledge of local markets. This decentralized structure can foster agility, responsiveness, and better alignment with regional needs while still adhering to the overall strategic direction set by the top leadership.
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Teal and Associates needs to borrow $55,000. The best loan they can find is one at 13% that must be repaid in monthly installments over the next 5 1/2 years.
How much are the monthly payments? (a) State the type. ordinary annuity amortization present value sinking fund future value (b) Answer the question. (Round your answer to the nearest cent
The monthly payments for the loan amount of $55,000 at a 13% interest rate over 5 1/2 years are approximately $1,108.36.
To calculate the monthly payments for the loan, we need to use the formula for the amortization of a loan. The formula is:
Payment = Principal * (r * (1 + r)^n) / ((1 + r)^n - 1)
Where:
Principal = $55,000 (loan amount)
r = Monthly interest rate = Annual interest rate / 12 = 13% / 12
n = Total number of payments = 5.5 years * 12 months per year
By plugging in the values into the formula, we find that the monthly payments for the loan amount are approximately $1,108.36.
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Firm A and Firm B design to launch their new products in the market. Each firm can choose to either sell the product at a high price (H) or low price (L). The estimated payoff table is shown as follow: Firm B L H Firm A L (500, 200) (620, 180) H (600,140) (550, 220) (Firm A's payoff is entered before comma, and Firm B's payoff is entered after comma.) i. What is the dominant strategy (if any) for Firm A and Firm B respectively? ii. What outcome, if any, is Nash equilibrium? Explain. 111. What is the maxi-min strategy (if any) for Firm A and Firm B respectively? v. If Firm A can decide what strategy to play first, what is the Nash equilibrium (if any) of this sequential game? Explain with the aid of a tree diagram. V. Does Firm A enjoy any first mover advantage? Explain.
The dominant strategy for Firm A is to choose High (H), and the dominant strategy for Firm B is to choose Low (L).
In the given payoff table, Firm A's highest payoff is associated with choosing High (H) regardless of the choice made by Firm B. Similarly, Firm B's highest payoff is associated with choosing Low (L) regardless of the choice made by Firm A. Therefore, both firms have dominant strategies. A Nash equilibrium occurs when neither player has an incentive to unilaterally deviate from their chosen strategy. In this case, (L, H) is a Nash equilibrium because if Firm A chooses Low (L), Firm B has no incentive to deviate from choosing High (H), and vice versa. Both firms are playing their best response given the other firm's strategy.
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