A bond is a financial instrument that provides investors with a fixed income and is issued by companies, municipalities, and governments. Both bonds will increase in value, but bond A will increase more than bond B. The correct option is A
When the yield to maturity is decreased, the price of a bond increases because the bond becomes more attractive to investors. Bond A and B will both experience price increases, but the degree of change will be different for each bond.The price of a bond is directly related to the yield to maturity. When the yield to maturity is reduced, bond prices increase. As a result, bond A and B will both experience price increases, but the degree of change will be different for each bond. As a result, the correct option is A, which states that both bonds will increase in value but bond A will increase more than bond B.
When a bond is sold to an investor, it becomes a debt obligation that must be repaid on a specific date, with periodic interest payments in the interim. The yield to maturity is the most important concept to understand when dealing with bonds. It is the interest rate that an investor receives on a bond when it is held until maturity. It takes into account the price paid for the bond, the coupon rate, and the time to maturity. As a result, the yield to maturity will change over time as the market conditions for the bond change.
Bonds A and B, for example, both have the same coupon rate and are selling at par, but they differ in terms of their time to maturity. Bond A will mature in 7 years, whereas bond B will mature in 5 years. If the yields to maturity on the two bonds change from 14% to 12%, both bonds will increase in value, but bond A will increase more than bond B. The degree of change will be determined by the time to maturity of the bond. Bond A has a longer maturity period than bond B, which implies that the effect of a reduction in yield to maturity will be more pronounced for bond A. As a result, Bond A will increase in value more than Bond B.
The correct option is A, which states that both bonds will increase in value, but bond A will increase more than bond B. A reduction in yield to maturity will lead to a rise in the price of a bond. Bond A has a longer maturity period than bond B, which implies that the effect of a reduction in yield to maturity will be more pronounced for bond A.
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Homework M3 Assignment 1 Question 2, Problem 12 HW Score: 37.5%, 15 of 40 points O Points: 0 of 20 Save The number of heart surgeries performed at Heartvile General Hospital has increased sisadly over the past several years. The hospita's administration is seeking the best method to forecast the demand for such surgeries in year. The data fo the past five yours are shown below 5 Year 1 Demand 2 3 4 50 53 55 56 The hospha's administration is considering the folowing forecasting methods. Bagin eror messurement in year 3, so all methods are compared for the same years. 0.6. Let the initial forecast for year 1 be 42, the same as the actual demand 1 Exponential smoothing, with a il Exponential smoothing with a M. Trend projection with regression 09. Let the initial forecast for y 1 be 42, the same as the actual demand iv. Two year moving average w. Two-year weighted moving average, using weights 0.6 and 0.4, with the more recent dela given more weight. IMAQ is the performance ofterion chosen by the administration, which forecasting method should choose?
The method with the lowest IMAQ value (i.e., the smallest mean absolute error) would be the preferred choice based on the IMAQ performance criterion.
To determine which forecasting method should be chosen based on the IMAQ (Integrated Mean Absolute Error) performance criterion, we need to calculate the IMAQ values for each of the forecasting methods mentioned: exponential smoothing, exponential smoothing with trend projection, regression, two-year moving average, and two-year weighted moving average.
Let's calculate the IMAQ values for each method:
1. Exponential smoothing:
We are given the initial forecast for year 1 as 42, which is the same as the actual demand. Using the exponential smoothing formula, we can calculate the forecast for each year and then calculate the absolute error and mean absolute error.
2. Exponential smoothing with trend projection:
Similar to the previous method, we use exponential smoothing, but this time we consider the trend component as well. We calculate the forecast, absolute error, and mean absolute error.
3. Trend projection with regression:
This method involves fitting a regression line to the data points and using it to forecast future demand. We calculate the forecast, absolute error, and mean absolute error.
4. Two-year moving average:
For this method, we take the average of the demand for the current year and the previous year. We calculate the forecast, absolute error, and mean absolute error.
5. Two-year weighted moving average:
Using the weights of 0.6 and 0.4 for the current and previous years, respectively, we calculate the forecast, absolute error, and mean absolute error.
Once we have the mean absolute error values for each method, we compare them. The method with the lowest IMAQ value (i.e., the smallest mean absolute error) would be the preferred choice based on the IMAQ performance criterion.
By comparing the IMAQ values for each method, we can determine which forecasting method provides the most accurate predictions for the demand of heart surgeries at Heartville General Hospital.
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-Audience analysis should go beyond what you consider the
audience's needs and interest are, to include background such as
age, education and other socio-economic characteristics.
True or False
The given statement "Audience analysis should go beyond what you consider the audience's needs and interest are, to include background such as age, education, and other socio-economic characteristics" is True.
Analysis of the audience refers to the process of scrutinizing and collecting data on a target market that is relevant to making decisions about the creation of digital content and marketing campaigns. Conducting audience analysis on a regular basis is essential for creating an engaging experience and, most importantly, an audience that converts to your brand.
Audience analysis should go beyond what you consider the audience's needs and interest are, to include background such as age, education, and other socio-economic characteristics. When gathering data for audience analysis, the audience's requirements and interests should always be considered.
The audience's social, cultural, and economic aspects should be understood, as this information will aid in the development of a clear and detailed understanding of the target audience.
A successful audience analysis requires the analysis of various dimensions of the audience to gain a complete picture of their behaviors, attitudes, and needs. In conclusion, the given statement is true.
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In 2020, when the enacted tax rate for the current and all future periods was 27.5%, Garza Corp. had a taxable loss of $468,000 and elected to use the net operating loss carryforward provision.
In 2021, the tax rate changed to 25.0% for the current and all future periods, and Garza reported taxable income of $311,000.
In 2022, Garza reported taxable income of $664,000. Garza has no book-tax differences.
What amount will Garza report as current income tax expense on its 2022 income statement?
Garza Corp. will report $166,000 as its current income tax expense on its 2022 income statement. To determine the amount that Garza Corp. we need to follow these steps:
Step 1: Calculate the net operating loss (NOL) carryforward from 2020 to 2021:
- In 2020, Garza Corp. had a taxable loss of $468,000.
- The enacted tax rate for 2020 and all future periods was 27.5%.
- Therefore, the NOL carryforward from 2020 to 2021 is $468,000 * 27.5% = $128,700.
Step 2: Determine the taxable income for 2021:
- In 2021, Garza Corp. reported taxable income of $311,000.
Step 3: Calculate the income tax expense for 2021:
- The tax rate for 2021 and all future periods is 25.0%.
- Therefore, the income tax expense for 2021 is $311,000 * 25.0% = $77,750.
Step 4: Determine the taxable income for 2022:
- In 2022, Garza Corp. reported taxable income of $664,000.
Step 5: Calculate the income tax expense for 2022:
- The tax rate for 2022 and all future periods is also 25.0%.
- Therefore, the income tax expense for 2022 is $664,000 * 25.0% = $166,000.
Step 6: Determine the current income tax expense for 2022:
- The current income tax expense includes the income tax expense for 2022 minus any changes in deferred tax assets or liabilities.
- Since the question states that Garza Corp. has no book-tax differences, there are no deferred tax assets or liabilities.
Therefore, Garza Corp. will report $166,000 as its current income tax expense on its 2022 income statement.
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When interpreting the fund balances measure, which of the following is correct?
A ratio of 5 percent or better is considered adequate.
A ratio of 15 percent is considered strong.
A ration of between 5 and 15 percent is considered average.
A ratio of between 10 and 25 percent is considered adequate.
The correct option is: A ratio of between 5 and 15 percent is considered average.
The fund balances measure is used to assess the financial health and stability of an organization by examining its available reserves or fund balances. When interpreting this measure, it is generally accepted that a ratio of between 5 and 15 percent is considered average. This means that the organization has a moderate level of reserves, which indicates a reasonable level of financial stability and flexibility.
A ratio below 5 percent may indicate that the organization has insufficient reserves to cover unexpected expenses or economic downturns, which could pose a risk to its financial sustainability. On the other hand, a ratio above 15 percent may suggest that the organization is overly conservative in its financial management, as it is holding a significant amount of funds that could be put to more productive use.
It is important to note that the interpretation of the fund balances measure can vary depending on the specific circumstances and industry norms. Therefore, while a ratio of 5 to 15 percent is generally considered average, organizations should also consider other relevant factors and benchmarks when evaluating their fund balances and making financial decisions.
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Epiphany Industries is considering a new capital budgeting project that will last for three years. Epiphany plans on using a cost of capital of 12% to evaluate this project. Based on extensive research, it has prepared the following incremental cash flow projections:
Year
Sales (Revenues) 100,000 100,000 100,000
- Cost of Goods Sold 50,000 50,000 50,000
- Depreciation 30,000 30,000 30,000
- EBIT 20,000 20,000 20,000
-Taxes (35%) 7000 7000 7000
- unlevered net income 13,000 13,000 13,000
+Depreciation 30,000 30,000 30,000
+ changes to working capital -5000 -5000 10,000
- capital expenditures -90,000
(1) What is the NPV of this project?
(2) Epiphany is worried about the reliability of the sales forecast. How sensitive is the project's NPV to a 10% change in sales? Assuming sales affects COGS but doesn't affect NWC)
(3) How sensitive is the project's NPV to a 10% change in COGS?
To calculate the NPV of the project, we need to discount the cash flows to their present value using the cost of capital of 12%. The formula to calculate the NPV is:
NPV = (CF1 / (1+r)^1) + (CF2 / (1+r)^2) + (CF3 / (1+r)^3) - Initial Investment
where CF represents the cash flows in each period, r is the discount rate, and the subscripts 1, 2, and 3 represent the years.
Using the given cash flow projections, the calculations are as follows:
Year 1:
NPV1 = (13,000 / (1+0.12)^1) + (30,000 / (1+0.12)^1) + (-5,000 / (1+0.12)^1) - 90,000
= 11,607.14 + 26,785.71 - 4,464.29 - 90,000
= -55,071.44
Year 2:
NPV2 = (13,000 / (1+0.12)^2) + (30,000 / (1+0.12)^2) + (-5,000 / (1+0.12)^2)
= 9,263.11 + 21,226.42 - 3,533.57
= 26,955.96
Year 3:
NPV3 = (13,000 / (1+0.12)^3) + (30,000 / (1+0.12)^3) + (10,000 / (1+0.12)^3)
= 8,255.78 + 18,887.45 + 6,641.81
= 33,785.04
NPV = NPV1 + NPV2 + NPV3
= -55,071.44 + 26,955.96 + 33,785.04
= $5,669.56
Therefore, the NPV of the project is $5,669.56.
To calculate the sensitivity of the project's NPV to a 10% change in sales, we need to recalculate the NPV using the new sales projections. Assuming a 10% increase in sales, the new cash flows would be:
Year 1:
Sales = 110,000
Cost of Goods Sold = 55,000
Recalculating the NPV using the new cash flows, we get:
New NPV1 = (13,000 / (1+0.12)^1) + (30,000 / (1+0.12)^1) + (-5,000 / (1+0.12)^1) - 90,000
= 11,607.14 + 26,785.71 - 4,464.29 - 90,000
= -55,071.44
Year 2 and Year 3 cash flows remain the same.
New NPV = New NPV1 + NPV2 + NPV3
= -55,071.44 + 26,955.96 + 33,785.04
= $5,669.56
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Little's Flow Equations are advantageous because if one
characteristic of the operating system is known, the other
characteristics can be easily found.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Little's Flow Equations are advantageous because if one characteristic of the operating system is known, the other characteristics can be easily found. This statement is true.
Little's law states that the average number of customers in a queue is equal to the average arrival rate of customers multiplied by the average time each customer spends in the system. Little's law has significant applications in queueing theory, especially when determining queueing performance measures such as the average waiting time in the queue and the average number of customers in the queue.The law is named after John D.C.
Little, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who discovered it in the 1950s. The law is often used in computer systems modeling to estimate performance parameters such as response time and utilization rate. Little's flow equations enable the estimation of key system performance parameters using input parameters such as throughput and service time, which makes them a valuable tool for system performance analysis. If one characteristic of the operating system is known, the other characteristics can be easily found.
Thus, the statement that Little's flow equations are advantageous because if one characteristic of the operating system is known, the other characteristics can be easily found is true.
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FTZ is:*
An area between two or more countries conducting free trade within the members, like NAFTA.
A free trade to be conducted in an area inside the border of a country with tax incentives, like MERCOSUR.
An area between two or more countries conducting free trade within the members, like MERCOSUR.
A free trade to be conducted in an area inside the border of a country with tax incentives, like RAK.
Both b and d
Among the options provided, option d, "A free trade to be conducted in an area inside the border of a country with tax incentives, like RAK," is the most accurate description of a Free Trade Zone (FTZ).
A Free Trade Zone, also known as a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) or Free Economic Zone (FEZ), is a designated area within the borders of a country that operates under specific trade and economic regulations, different from those applied in the rest of the country. FTZs are established to attract foreign investment, promote international trade, and stimulate economic growth.
In an FTZ, businesses are granted various incentives and benefits to encourage trade and investment activities. These incentives can include tax exemptions or reductions, customs duty waivers, streamlined customs procedures, simplified regulations, and infrastructure support.
The purpose of these incentives is to create a business-friendly environment that facilitates trade, boosts economic activity, and attracts both domestic and foreign companies.
One example mentioned in option d is the Ras Al Khaimah (RAK) Free Trade Zone in the United Arab Emirates. RAK FTZ offers tax advantages, such as zero corporate and personal taxes, as well as other benefits like 100% foreign ownership, no currency restrictions, and simplified company registration processes. These incentives make it an attractive location for businesses looking to establish their operations in the region.
In summary, an FTZ is a designated area within a country's borders where trade and economic activities are conducted with specific tax incentives and benefits. It is aimed at promoting international trade, attracting foreign investment, and stimulating economic growth.
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If you borrow $35,000 today and your monthly payments are $853.61, how many payments must you make to pay off the loan if you are being charged 6%APR compounded monthly? Round to the nearest whole number.
You must make approximately 48 payments to pay off the loan.
To calculate the number of payments, we can use the formula for the present value of an ordinary annuity: PV = PMT * (1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r, where PV is the present value (loan amount), PMT is the monthly payment, r is the monthly interest rate, and n is the number of payments.
In this case, the loan amount (PV) is $35,000, the monthly payment (PMT) is $853.61, and the monthly interest rate (r) is 6% divided by 12 (0.06/12 = 0.005).
Plugging these values into the formula, we have: $35,000 = $853.61 * (1 - (1 + 0.005)^(-n)) / 0.005.
Rearranging the formula to solve for n, we find: n = -log(1 - (PV * r) / PMT) / log(1 + r).
Using the given values, we can calculate: n = -log(1 - ($35,000 * 0.005) / $853.61) / log(1 + 0.005) ≈ 48.04.
Rounding to the nearest whole number, we find that you must make approximately 48 payments to pay off the loan.
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Choose the correct statement. A. We measure the change in production by comparing the value of real GDP in two different years. OB. Real GDP is less than nominal GDP in every year. OC. Real GDP must increase every year. OD. Real GDP is the value of the final goods and services produced in a given year valued at the prices that prevailed in that same year.
The correct statement is D. Real GDP is the value of the final goods and services produced in a given year valued at the prices that prevailed in that same year.
Real GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is a measure of economic output adjusted for inflation. It represents the total value of final goods and services produced within a country's borders during a specific period. The statement D accurately describes real GDP by emphasizing that it is measured using the prices that prevailed in the same year of production.
A. We measure the change in production by comparing the value of real GDP in two different years.
This statement is partially correct as changes in production can be measured by comparing real GDP values between different years, but it does not encompass the full scope of real GDP measurement.
B. Real GDP is less than nominal GDP in every year.
This statement is not correct. Real GDP can be either higher or lower than nominal GDP depending on the inflation rate. Real GDP accounts for changes in price levels, whereas nominal GDP does not adjust for inflation.
C. Real GDP must increase every year.
This statement is not correct. Real GDP does not have to increase every year. Economic growth is commonly associated with increasing real GDP, but there can be periods of economic contraction or stagnation where real GDP remains unchanged or decreases.
Among the given options, statement D accurately describes real GDP as the value of final goods and services produced in a given year, valued at the prices that prevailed in that same year.
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Which of the following way of cost assignment used to assign accumulated cost with an indirect relationship to a cost object? O Cost allocation O Cost tracing Cost accumulation Cost assignment Moving to another question will save this response.
The correct answer is: Cost allocation
Cost allocation is the method used to assign accumulated costs that have an indirect relationship to a cost object. It involves allocating or apportioning costs based on a reasonable and systematic method, such as using cost drivers or allocation bases. Cost allocation is used when it is not possible or practical to directly trace costs to a specific cost object.
Cost tracing, on the other hand, is the direct assignment of costs to a specific cost object. Cost accumulation refers to the process of collecting and recording costs, while cost assignment involves assigning costs to cost objects using either cost tracing or cost allocation.
Therefore, the correct method for assigning accumulated costs with an indirect relationship to a cost object is cost allocation.
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The daily flow rate of contaminant from an industrial plant is modeled by a normal random variable with a mean value of 10 units and a c.o.v. of 20%. When the contaminant flow rate exceeds 14 units on a given day, it is considered excessive. Assume that the contaminant flow rate between any 2 days is statistically independent. (b) Regulation requires the measurement of contaminant flow rate for 3 days. The plant will be charged with a violation if excessive contaminant flow rate is observed during the 3-day period. What is the probability that the plant will not be charged with violation?
The probability that the plant will not be charged with a violation is 0.8413.
We are given that the daily flow rate of contaminant from an industrial plant is modelled by a normal random variable with a mean value of 10 units and a c.o.v. of 20%. When the contaminant flow rate exceeds 14 units on a given day, it is considered excessive. It is also given that the contaminant flow rate between any two days is statistically independent.
The c.o.v. is given by: Coefficient of variation = (standard deviation / mean) × 100∴ Standard deviations = (c.o.v. × mean) / 100 = (20/100) × 10 = 2
Thus, the contaminant flow rate is a normal random variable with mean μ = 10 and standard deviation σ = 2.
We need to find the probability that the plant will not be charged with a violation during the 3-day period.
Let X be the contaminant flow rate for a day. Then, X ~ N(10, 2²).
Also, X is independent and identically distributed for 3 days.
Let Y be the total contaminant flow rate for 3 days.
Then, Y ~ N(3 × 10, (sqrt(3) × 2)²) = N(30, 12).P(Y > 3 × 14) = P(Z > (42 - 30)/sqrt(144)) = P(Z > 1) = 0.1587 (using standard normal table)∴ P(Y ≤ 3 × 14) = 1 - P(Y > 3 × 14) = 1 - 0.1587 = 0.8413
Therefore, the probability that the plant will not be charged with a violation is 0.8413.
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A, B, and Z are sharing income and loaa in a 4:3:2 ratio respectively and decided fo liquidate their partnership prior to the final distribution of cash to the parnters A has a capital balance of 20000$ B has a capital balance of 48000$ and Z has a capital balance of 72000$ also cash balance is 100000$ A IS NOT ABLE TO PAY THE AMOUNT HE OWES THE PARTNERSHIP.
record the liquidation case
In the given scenario, where A, B, and Z are partners in a partnership and A is unable to pay the amount he owes to the partnership, the liquidation of the partnership can be recorded as follows:
Determine the total assets and liabilities of the partnership:Cash balance: $100,000
A's capital balance: $20,000
B's capital balance: $48,000
Z's capital balance: $72,000
Calculate the total capital of the partnership:Total capital = A's capital + B's capital + Z's capital
Total capital = $20,000 + $48,000 + $72,000 = $140,000
Calculate the ratio of each partner's capital to the total capital:A's ratio = A's capital / Total capital = $20,000 / $140,000 = 2/14 = 1/7
B's ratio = B's capital / Total capital = $48,000 / $140,000 = 6/14 = 3/7
Z's ratio = Z's capital / Total capital = $72,000 / $140,000 = 4/14 = 2/7
Allocate the cash balance to each partner based on their capital ratios:A's share = Cash balance * A's ratio = $100,000 * (1/7) = $14,286
B's share = Cash balance * B's ratio = $100,000 * (3/7) = $42,857
Z's share = Cash balance * Z's ratio = $100,000 * (2/7) = $28,571
Adjust the capital balances of each partner:A's capital balance: $20,000 - A's share = $20,000 - $14,286 = $5,714
B's capital balance: $48,000 - B's share = $48,000 - $42,857 = $5,143
Z's capital balance: $72,000 - Z's share = $72,000 - $28,571 = $43,429
A's outstanding amount is adjusted against their capital balance:A's capital balance after adjusting the outstanding amount = A's capital balance - A's outstanding amount
Since A is unable to pay the amount owed, their capital balance will be reduced by that amount. The exact adjustment will depend on the agreement or terms of the partnership.
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To address the eurozone crisis, the European Central Bank (ECB) adopted a negative interest rate policy in 2014. The ECB lowered its deposit rate to -0.1% that year to hold off deflation and move the economic bloc out of a prolonged recession. Today, the ECB deposit rate is - 0.5%, the lowest on record. In theory, negative rates would boost the economy by encouraging consumers and banks to take more risks through borrowing and lending money. Using the IS-LM framework, explain why traditional monetary policy fails in the presence of zero lower bounds, and how the negative interest rate policy may help the ECB to bring the economy out of recession. [20 marks]
MUST USE IS-LM MODEL TO EXPLAIN
The European Central Bank (ECB) adopted a negative interest rate policy to address the eurozone crisis. The ECB lowered its deposit rate to -0.1% that year to prevent deflation and bring the economic bloc out of a long-term recession.
In theory, negative interest rates would boost the economy by encouraging consumers and banks to take more risks through borrowing and lending money. Traditional monetary policy fails in the presence of zero lower bounds as the interest rates can't go lower. As a result, the central bank is unable to stimulate borrowing and lending in the economy.
When interest rates are already near zero, the effectiveness of monetary policy is severely restricted as it can no longer boost investment and consumption demand through interest rate cuts. Hence, conventional monetary policy becomes ineffective when interest rates hit zero and even quantitative easing (QE) has only limited effects. In this case, the negative interest rate policy may help the ECB bring the economy out of recession by lowering borrowing costs and increasing the availability of credit, thereby increasing investment and consumption.
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Do you believe that the Canadian government are working closely with the indigenous community to develop their economy? what are the tools are the government tools to support the indigenous community economy and in your opinion what are the obstacles that prevent indigenous people from taking initiatives and contributing to the wealth of their communities? Support your Idea with references and examples.
The Canadian government has made efforts to work closely with the indigenous community to develop their economy. They have implemented various tools to support indigenous economic development. However, there are still obstacles that prevent indigenous people from taking initiatives and contributing to the wealth of their communities. This response will provide a brief overview of the government's efforts and highlight some of the challenges faced by indigenous communities.
The Canadian government recognizes the importance of partnering with indigenous communities to promote economic development and reduce socio-economic disparities. They have implemented several tools and initiatives to support indigenous economic growth. For instance, the government has established programs such as the Indigenous Skills and Employment Training Program and the Aboriginal Business and Entrepreneurship Development Program. These programs aim to provide training, employment opportunities, and financial support for indigenous individuals and businesses.
Despite these efforts, there are still obstacles that hinder indigenous economic development. Historical factors such as colonialism, discrimination, and the impact of residential schools have had long-lasting effects on indigenous communities. These factors have contributed to limited access to education, infrastructure, capital, and economic opportunities. Additionally, cultural and language barriers, lack of representation, and the remoteness of many indigenous communities pose challenges to economic development.
It is important to note that the effectiveness of government initiatives and the level of collaboration with indigenous communities may vary. While progress has been made, there is still work to be done in addressing systemic barriers and ensuring meaningful engagement with indigenous peoples in economic decision-making processes.
References:
1. Government of Canada. (2021). Indigenous Economic Development.
https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1100100034327/1529102490302
2. Reading, C. L., & Wien, F. (2009). Health inequalities and social determinants of Aboriginal peoples' health. National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health.
https://www.ccnsa-nccah.ca/docs/determinants/RPT-HealthInequalities-Reading-Wien-EN.pdf
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by definition which security concept ensures that only authorized parties can access data
The security concept that ensures that only authorized parties can access data is known as Access Control. The security concept of access control is crucial for safeguarding sensitive data and involves various stakeholders in its implementation.
Exaplataion: Only users with the appropriate permission levels or clearance can access specific data through access control. Access control systems include a variety of components, including authentication protocols, identification processes, access levels, and data classifications, among others. Access control is typically accomplished through a combination of physical and logical controls, such as passwords, keys, smart cards, or biometric identification
Access Control is the security concept that ensures that only authorized parties can access data. Access control is a mechanism used to safeguard sensitive data by restricting access to only authorized personnel and ensuring that individuals only access the data that they require. Only users with the appropriate permission levels or clearance can access specific data through access control. Access control systems include a variety of components, including authentication protocols, identification processes, access levels, and data classifications, among others. Access control is typically accomplished through a combination of physical and logical controls, such as passwords, keys, smart cards, or biometric identification.
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By definition, the security concept that ensures that only authorized parties can access data is called authentication.
What is authentication?Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user or system attempting to access a resource. It involves confirming the validity of the credentials provided, such as usernames, passwords, biometric information, or digital certificates.
By successfully authenticating, an individual or entity is granted access to the data or system, while unauthorized or incorrect authentication attempts are denied access. Authentication plays a crucial role in maintaining data security and preventing unauthorized access, protecting sensitive information from being compromised or misused.
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Required information Use the following information for the Exercises below. (Static) [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.) Megamart provides the following information on its two investment centers. Investment Center Electronics Sporting goods Sales $ 40,000,000 20,000,000 Income $ 2,880,000 2,040,000 Average Assets $ 16,000,000 12,000,000 Exercise 22-10 (Static) Computing return on investment and residual income; investing decision LO A1 1. Compute return on investment for each center. Using return on investment, which center is most efficient at using assets to generate income? 2. Assume a target income of 12% of average assets. Compute residual income for each center. Which center generated the most residual income? 3. Assume the Electronics center is presented with a new investment opportunity that will yield a 15% return on investment. Should the new investment opportunity be accepted? The target return is 12% Required 1 Required 2 Required 3 Compute return on investment for each center. Using return on investment, which center is most efficient at using assets to generate income? Numerator: Sales $ $ Return on Investment Denominator: Average assets $ $ Electronics Sporting Goods Which center is most efficient at using assets to generate income? 40,000,000/ 20,000,000/ 16,000,000 12,000,000 = Required 2 > Return on Investment Electronics 250% 167% Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required 1 Required]2 Required 3 Assume a target income of 12% of average assets. Compute residual income for each center. Which center generated the most residual income? Investment Center Income Less target income Residual income Which center generated the most residual income? Electronics < Required 1 Sporting Goods Required 3 > Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required 1 Required 2 Required 3 Assume the Electronics center is presented with a new investment opportunity that will yield a 15% return on investment. Should the new investment opportunity be accepted? The target return is 12%. Should the new investment opportunity be accepted? < Required 2
The Electronics center has a higher return on investment (ROI) of 250% compared to the Sporting Goods center's ROI of 167%. Therefore, the Electronics center is more efficient at using assets to generate income.
To calculate the return on investment (ROI) for each center, divide the income by the average assets and multiply by 100.
Return on Investment (ROI) for Electronics center: ($2,880,000 / $16,000,000) * 100 = 18%
Return on Investment (ROI) for Sporting Goods center: ($2,040,000 / $12,000,000) * 100 = 17%
The Electronics center has a higher ROI, indicating it is more efficient in utilizing its assets to generate income.
To calculate the residual income for each center, subtract the target income (12% of average assets) from the actual income.
Residual Income for Electronics center: $2,880,000 - (0.12 * $16,000,000) = $2,880,000 - $1,920,000 = $960,000
Residual Income for Sporting Goods center: $2,040,000 - (0.12 * $12,000,000) = $2,040,000 - $1,440,000 = $600,000
The Electronics center generated the most residual income with $960,000.
To determine whether the new investment opportunity should be accepted, compare the return on investment (15%) of the opportunity with the target return (12%). If the new investment opportunity has a higher return than the target return, it should be accepted.
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The Electronics center is more efficient at using assets to generate income, as it has a higher return on investment (ROI) of 250% compared to the Sporting Goods center's ROI of 167%.
1. To compute return on investment (ROI), divide the income by average assets and multiply by 100:
- Electronics center: ($2,880,000 / $16,000,000) * 100 = 18%
- Sporting Goods center: ($2,040,000 / $12,000,000) * 100 = 17%
2. To compute residual income, subtract the target income (12% of average assets) from the actual income:
- Electronics center: $2,880,000 - (0.12 * $16,000,000) = $680,000
- Sporting Goods center: $2,040,000 - (0.12 * $12,000,000) = $1,320,000
3. Comparing the ROIs, the Electronics center's ROI of 15% from the new investment opportunity is higher than the target return of 12%. Therefore, the new investment opportunity should be accepted as it offers a return higher than the required target return.
In summary, the Electronics center is more efficient in generating income based on ROI. However, the Sporting Goods center generated the most residual income. Additionally, the new investment opportunity with a 15% ROI should be accepted as it exceeds the target return of 12%.
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Yellow Press, Inc., buys paper in 1,500-pound rolls for printing. Annual demand is 2,750 rolls. The cost per roll is $875, and the annual holding cost is 16 percent of the cost. Each order costs $35.
a. How many rolls should Yellow Press order at a time?
To determine the optimal order quantity for Yellow Press, Inc., the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model can be used. Given the annual demand of 2,750 rolls, a cost per roll of $875, an annual holding cost of 16%, and an order cost of $35.
The EOQ can be calculated to find the ideal order quantity that minimizes total inventory costs. To calculate the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), we can use the formula:
EOQ = sqrt((2 * annual demand * order cost) / annual holding cost)
Plugging in the given values:
Annual demand = 2,750 rolls
Order cost = $35
Annual holding cost = 16% of $875 = $140
EOQ = sqrt((2 * 2,750 * 35) / 140)
= sqrt(5,500 / 140)
= sqrt(39.29)
≈ 6.27
Since the order quantity cannot be fractional, we would round up to the nearest whole number. Therefore, Yellow Press should order approximately 7 rolls at a time.
The EOQ model helps determine the order quantity that minimizes the total inventory costs for Yellow Press. By considering the trade-off between holding costs and order costs, the model finds the balance point where the cost of carrying inventory is minimized. In this case, ordering 7 rolls at a time would be the most cost-effective option for Yellow Press, considering the given parameters.
By implementing the EOQ model, Yellow Press can optimize its inventory management, ensuring that it orders an appropriate quantity of paper rolls. This helps to reduce holding costs associated with excess inventory while also minimizing the frequency of orders, thereby reducing order costs. Maintaining an optimal order quantity ensures that Yellow Press has an efficient supply of paper rolls for printing operations, striking a balance between cost and inventory management.
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Machine Learning Model evaluation measures
vary. List the most common measures and which is considered the
most acceptable to use when the results of the different measures
are contradictory.
Machine learning (ML) models are assessed using model evaluation metrics. There are various model evaluation metrics to assess how well a model is performing, and in this case, we will be looking at the most common measures.
The most commonly used machine learning model evaluation metrics include:AccuracyPrecisionRecallF1 ScoreAUC-ROCThe best metric to use when the results of the different measures are contradictory is F1 Score. This is because it provides a balance between precision and recall. Precision and recall measure the accuracy of a model's positive predictions while F1 Score considers both precision and recall for computing the model's accuracy. The F1 score is the harmonic mean of precision and recall and ranges between 0 and 1 with 1 being the best score.Therefore, when results of different measures are contradictory, it's best to use F1 Score because it provides a balance between precision and recall.
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You just graduated from college and are starting your new job. You realized the importance to save for the future and have figured out that you will save $1,000 per month for the next 15 years; and then increase to $7,000 per month for the following 4 years. The amount accumulated at the end of these investments will be your retirement egg nest. You plan to start retirement and start withdrawing monthly amounts the following month (you will be in retirement for 25 years). If your required rate of return is 12% compounded monthly, how much are your monthly withdrawals?
With a savings plan of $1,000 per month for 15 years, followed by an increased savings of $7,000 per month for 4 years, and a required rate of return of 12% compounded monthly, the monthly withdrawals during retirement will be approximately $14,042.
To determine the monthly withdrawals during retirement, we need to calculate the accumulated retirement nest egg first. The total amount saved over the 15 years of the initial savings plan can be calculated using the formula for future value of an ordinary annuity:
FV = P * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r,
where P is the monthly savings amount ($1,000), r is the monthly interest rate (12% / 12 = 1% or 0.01), and n is the total number of monthly contributions (15 years * 12 months/year = 180 months). Calculating this, we find that the accumulated amount after 15 years is approximately $508,882.
Next, we need to calculate the accumulated amount over the 4 years of increased savings. Using the same formula, with the updated monthly savings amount ($7,000) and the remaining number of monthly contributions (4 years * 12 months/year = 48 months), we find that the accumulated amount at the end of the 4 years is approximately $396,670.
Adding these two amounts together, we have a total retirement nest egg of approximately $905,552. To calculate the monthly withdrawals during retirement, we can use the formula for the future value of an annuity:
FV = P * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r,
where FV is the accumulated retirement nest egg ($905,552), r is the monthly interest rate (12% / 12 = 1% or 0.01), and n is the total number of monthly withdrawals during retirement (25 years * 12 months/year = 300 months). Rearranging the formula to solve for P (the monthly withdrawal amount), we find that the monthly withdrawals during retirement will be approximately $14,042.
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Zas customer service department follows up on tuntomer complaints by telephone inquiry. During a recent period, the department tuted 6,000 calls and moured costs of $100.000 2.250 of these calls were for the company's whole real divisions coses allocated to the retail division should amount to O $7,500 O $112.500 O 347500 O $100.000 customer service department follows up on customer complaints by telephone inquiry. During a recent period, the department initiated 6,000 calls and incurred costs of $180,000. If 2,250 of these calls we any's wholesale operation (the remainder were for the retail division), costs allocated to the retail division should amount to 67,500 112,500 247,500 100,000
Zas customer service department follows up on tuntomer complaints by telephone inquiry, costs allocated to the retail division should amount to B) $112,500.
Given that Zas customer service department follows up on customer complaints by telephone inquiry. During a recent period, the department initiated 6,000 calls and incurred costs of $180,000. If 2,250 of these calls were for the company's wholesale operation (the remainder were for the retail division), costs allocated to the retail division should amount to $112,500.
The cost allocated to the retail division can be calculated by subtracting the cost allocated to the wholesale division from the total cost incurred by the department. The cost allocated to the wholesale division is
$180,000/6000 * 2,250 = $67,500.
The cost allocated to the retail division is
$180,000 - $67,500 = $112,500.
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Identify and analyse the factors which were found to have led to
the Collapse of Barings Bank
The collapse of Barings Bank was one of the biggest financial scandals in history. The bank’s failure was caused by a combination of factors, some of which include a lack of oversight, rogue trading, and weak internal controls. In this answer, we will explore these factors and provide more insight into what led to the collapse of the bank.
The collapse of Barings Bank was caused by a lack of oversight and internal controls. The bank was a single-person operation, with the CEO, Nick Leeson, acting as both trader and supervisor. This led to a conflict of interest, as Leeson was able to make trades without any checks and balances. As a result, he was able to make highly speculative trades that led to significant losses.
Another factor that led to the collapse of Barings Bank was rogue trading. Nick Leeson made unauthorized trades that were not approved by the bank’s management. He was able to cover up his losses by creating fictitious trades and moving funds between accounts. This allowed him to hide his losses from the bank’s auditors and regulators, which ultimately led to the bank’s collapse.
Finally, weak internal controls were also a contributing factor to the bank’s collapse. Barings Bank did not have adequate systems in place to monitor and control its trading activities. This lack of oversight allowed Leeson to make trades without any supervision, which ultimately led to the bank’s failure.
In conclusion, the collapse of Barings Bank was caused by a combination of factors, including a lack of oversight, rogue trading, and weak internal controls. The failure of the bank was a significant event in the history of finance, and it has led to increased regulation and oversight in the banking industry.
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Think of an interesting economic question you could answer using econo-
metric tools. What kind of data would you need? Why might this question
be important?
An interesting economic question that could be answered using econometric tools is “Does an increase in the minimum wage lead to job losses in the fast food industry?”
To answer this question, data would be needed on the minimum wage rates and employment levels in the fast food industry before and after a minimum wage increase in a specific location. The data should also account for other factors that may affect employment levels, such as changes in consumer preferences and the economy. The importance of this question lies in the ongoing debate over whether minimum wage increases have a negative impact on employment. By using econometric tools to analyze data from the fast food industry, policymakers can make more informed decisions about minimum wage policies.
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The creeping commitment approach to managing risks of information system projects depends on each of the following principles EXCEPT: O a. The don't trust experts principle O b. The divide and conquer principle O c. The buyer beware principle Od. The do not throw good money after bad principle
The creeping commitment approach to managing risks of information system projects depends on each of the following principles EXCEPT the "don't trust experts" principle.
The creeping commitment approach is a risk management strategy that seeks to mitigate risk by taking small, incremental steps rather than committing significant resources at once. A project is launched with a small team and a small budget. If the project succeeds, more resources are invested in it; if it fails, it is either abandoned or revised. The creeping commitment approach enables businesses to mitigate risk by not committing substantial resources until a project is proven to be feasible.
The other three principles are The divide and conquer principle: This principle involves breaking a project into smaller parts or steps, allowing each team to work on a specific portion of the project. It is easier to handle, more straightforward, and less risky than working on the project as a whole. The buyer beware principle: This principle requires the buyer to perform due diligence before making a purchase. The buyer must be aware of the potential risks of purchasing a product or service, and the seller must be truthful and forthcoming about those risks. The creeping commitment approach to managing risks of information system projects depends on each of the following principles EXCEPT the "don't trust experts" principle.
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Suppose a company's expected dividend pattern for three year is as follows: D1-$3, D2-$4, D3-$6. After 3 years, the dividends are expected to growth at a constant rate of 7% a year. What should the current price of the firm's stock be if the required rate of return demanded by investors is 12%? (Round final answer to two decimal places)
the current price of the firm's stock should be approximately $9.68.
To calculate the current price of the firm's stock, we can use the dividend discount model (DDM) under the assumption of constant growth:
Current Stock Price = (D1 / (1 + r)²1) + (D2 / (1 + r)²2) + (D3 + P3 / (1 + r)²3)
where:
- D1, D2, D3 are the expected dividends for the first, second, and third years, respectively.
- r is the required rate of return demanded by investors.
- P3 is the expected stock price at the end of the third year.
In this case, the expected dividends for the first three years are D1 = $3, D2 = $4, D3 = $6. The constant growth rate is 7% per year, and the required rate of return is 12%.
First, let's calculate the expected dividend at the end of the third year:
D3 = D2 * (1 + g) = $4 * (1 + 0.07) = $4.28
Now, we can calculate the stock price:
Current Stock Price = ($3 / (1 + 0.12)²1) + ($4 / (1 + 0.12)²2) + ($6 + $4.28 / (1 + 0.12)²3)
Calculating this expression:
Current Stock Price = $9.68 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Therefore, the current price of the firm's stock should be approximately $9.68.
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4. How did Indra Nooyi’s view of global business add value to
your perspective? Please explain.
Indra Nooyi is a famous businesswoman who served as the CEO of PepsiCo from 2006 to 2018. Her approach to global business has been admired by many people around the world.Indra Nooyi’s view of global business added value to many people's perspectives. This is because she firmly believed in the importance of developing a diverse workforce. She recognized the fact that companies operate in a globalized world, and therefore, they need to have a workforce that reflects that diversity.
She also believed in the importance of developing a strong brand. According to her, companies need to be innovative and forward-thinking if they want to be successful. She believed in the power of marketing and advertising, and she pushed PepsiCo to develop strong branding campaigns that would help the company stand out from its competitors.Furthermore, Indra Nooyi was committed to sustainability. She recognized that companies have a responsibility to reduce their environmental impact, and she implemented a number of initiatives at PepsiCo that focused on sustainable practices.
These initiatives included reducing the company's use of water and energy, and increasing its use of renewable energy sources.In conclusion, Indra Nooyi's view of global business added value to many people's perspectives because of her commitment to diversity, innovation, branding, and sustainability.
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A state j is absorbing if it is certain to return to itself in one transition, that is pjj =1 Select one: O True O False
True. In probability theory, a state j is considered absorbing if the probability of transitioning from state j to itself in one transition (denoted as pjj) is equal to 1.
This means that once the system enters the absorbing state j, it will remain in that state indefinitely and will not transition to any other state.
In other words, if pjj = 1, it implies that there is a 100% chance of staying in state j and no possibility of transitioning to any other state. Absorbing states often represent terminal states or final outcomes in a stochastic process or Markov chain.
It is important to note that in a Markov chain, not all states need to be absorbing. Some states may be transient, meaning there is a positive probability of transitioning to other states. However, if a state has pjj = 1, it is considered an absorbing state since it guarantees that the system will eventually return to that state and remain there.
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What are consequences faced by organisations if they fail to attract talented employees?
Organizations that fail to attract talented employees may face several consequences that can impact their overall performance and competitiveness. Some of the key consequences include:
1. Decreased Innovation and Productivity: Talented employees often bring fresh perspectives, innovative ideas, and a high level of expertise to the organization. When organizations fail to attract such talent, they may experience a lack of innovation and creativity, leading to stagnant growth and reduced productivity.
2. High Employee Turnover: In a competitive job market, talented employees have options and are more likely to seek opportunities elsewhere if they perceive better prospects. Failing to attract talented employees can result in high turnover rates, leading to increased recruitment and training costs, as well as a loss of valuable institutional knowledge.
3. Decline in Competitive Advantage: Organizations that are unable to attract top talent may struggle to stay ahead of their competitors. Talented employees contribute to a company's competitive advantage by driving performance, developing new products or services, and enhancing customer satisfaction. Without access to top talent, organizations may find it challenging to differentiate themselves in the market.
4. Limited Diversity and Skill Set: Hiring a diverse range of talented employees brings a variety of skills, perspectives, and experiences to an organization. Failure to attract talented employees can lead to a lack of diversity and a limited skill set within the workforce. This can hinder problem-solving abilities, hinder creativity, and limit the organization's ability to adapt to changing market conditions.
5. Damage to Employer Brand and Reputation: Organizations that struggle to attract talented employees may develop a negative reputation in the job market. This can make it increasingly difficult to attract future talent and may deter potential customers, partners, or investors who view the ability to attract top talent as an indicator of an organization's capabilities and potential success.
6. Inability to Achieve Long-Term Success: Talent is a crucial resource for organizational success, and failing to attract talented employees can have long-term implications. Without a strong talent pool, organizations may struggle to meet their strategic goals, deliver high-quality products or services, and adapt to evolving business needs. This can ultimately impact the organization's sustainability and long-term viability.
To mitigate these consequences, organizations should focus on developing effective recruitment and talent acquisition strategies, improving their employer brand and reputation, offering competitive compensation and benefits packages, and creating a positive work environment that attracts and retains talented individuals.
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Rensis Likert identifies 24 elements of a highly effective workgroup and what are 3 elements that work to prevent Groupthink. and the best selection for one of the 24 elements that is most similar to ""clan control
Rensis Likert identifies 24 elements of a highly effective workgroup. The following are three elements that work to prevent Groupthink:Encouragement of alternative views or dissentAppropriate external relationships Leadership styleA workgroup is a group of individuals who collaborate to accomplish a common goal.
Groupthink happens when a group is making decisions and everybody goes with the flow, without raising concerns, questions, or alternative ideas, which may be necessary to accomplish the task. As a result, the group may come up with a poor decision. To prevent Groupthink, the following are three elements of an effective workgroup, as identified by Rensis Likert:Encouragement of alternative views or dissent: Workgroups should encourage different perspectives, points of view, or dissent from individuals in the group.Appropriate external relationships: Workgroups should maintain appropriate external relationships and interact with people and organizations outside of the group.Leadership style: A positive leadership style encourages participation and collaboration among group members and builds trust among them.The element most similar to "clan control" among the 24 elements of a highly effective workgroup, as identified by Rensis Likert, is “supportive leadership.” A supportive leadership style, according to Rensis Likert, is one in which leaders take care of their subordinates, maintain good relationships with them, and encourage them to participate in group activities and make decisions.
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A product sells for $205 per unit, and its variable costs per unit are $134. Total fixed costs are $421,000 If the firm wants to earn income of $41,210, how many units must be sold? A. 6610 B.6810 C.6710 D.6.510 E.6910
The firm needs to sell 6,810 units to earn income of $41,210.
To calculate the number of units required to earn a desired income, the contribution margin per unit needs to be determined. The contribution margin is the difference between the selling price and the variable cost per unit.
In this case, the contribution margin is $205 - $134 = $71 per unit.
To calculate the number of units required to earn a desired income, the formula is:
(units sold) x (contribution margin) - (fixed costs) = (desired income)
Substituting the given values, we get:
(units sold) x $71 - $421,000 = $41,210
(units sold) x $71 = $462,210
(units sold) = $462,210 / $71
(units sold) = 6,510
Therefore, the firm needs to sell 6,810 units to earn income of $41,210.
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Electricians are the flow unit in a process with two resources. The capacities of the resources are 0.026 and 0.027 electricians per hour. Demand occurs at the rate 0.03 electricians per hour. What is the utilization (%) of the second resource? Note: Round your answer to 1 decimal place. Answer is complete but not entirely correct. Utilization 86.6 %
The formula for utilization is given by dividing the rate of flow (demand) by the capacity of the resource(s).
For the second resource, the utilization would be calculated as follows: Utilization = (rate of flow)/(capacity of the resource) = 0.03/0.027 = 1.1111Multiplying by 100%, we get 111.11%.
However, the question asks for the answer rounded to one decimal place. So, rounding 111.11% to one decimal place gives 111.1%.
This answer is not entirely correct since utilization cannot be greater than 100%.
Therefore, we can say that the utilization of the second resource is 100%.
However, the given answer is Utilization 86.6%. This means that there might be some calculation mistake while solving the problem.
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