Design thinking is a problem-solving approach that involves empathizing with the user, defining the problem, ideating solutions, prototyping, and testing. In the current Covid situation, design thinking can be used to find creative and innovative solutions to the challenges posed by the pandemic.
For example, design thinking can be used to redesign public spaces to ensure social distancing, create new ways for people to work and learn remotely.
Once the problem is defined, the next step is to ideate solutions. This can involve brainstorming, sketching, and creating mind maps to come up with a wide range of possible solutions.
Next, prototypes can be created to test the feasibility of the solutions. This can involve creating physical or digital prototypes and testing them with users to gather feedback.
Finally, the solutions can be tested and refined until they are ready to be implemented. By using design thinking in the Covid situation, we can find creative and innovative solutions to the challenges posed by the pandemic.
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ou have found three investment choices for a one-year deposit: 10.3% APR compounded monthly, 10.3% APR compounded annually, and 9.8% APR compounded daily. Compute the EAR for each investment choice. (Assume that there are 365 days in the year.)(Note: Be careful not to round any intermediate steps less than six decimal places.)
The EAR for the investment choices of 10.3% APR compounded monthly, 10.3% APR compounded annually, and 9.8% APR compounded daily are 10.8074%, 10.3%, and 10.3283% respectively.
The EAR (Effective Annual Rate) for each investment choice can be calculated using the formula:
EAR = (1 + APR/n)^n - 1
Where APR is the annual percentage rate, and n is the number of compounding periods per year.
For the first investment choice, 10.3% APR compounded monthly:
EAR = (1 + 0.103/12)^12 - 1
EAR = (1.008583)^12 - 1
EAR = 1.108074 - 1
EAR = 0.108074
The EAR for the first investment choice is 10.8074%.
For the second investment choice, 10.3% APR compounded annually:
EAR = (1 + 0.103/1)^1 - 1
EAR = (1.103)^1 - 1
EAR = 1.103 - 1
EAR = 0.103
The EAR for the second investment choice is 10.3%.
For the third investment choice, 9.8% APR compounded daily:
EAR = (1 + 0.098/365)^365 - 1
EAR = (1.000268)^365 - 1
EAR = 1.103283 - 1
EAR = 0.103283
The EAR for the third investment choice is 10.3283%.
Therefore, the EAR for each investment choice is 10.8074%, 10.3%, and 10.3283% respectively.
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Sophan Industries has 50 million shares outstanding trading at
$35.50 per share today. The book value of the company is $1 billion
dollars. What is the market value of the company and market value
add
The market value of Sophan Industries is $1.775 billion dollars. This is calculated by multiplying the number of outstanding shares (50 million) by the current market price per share ($35.50), which gives us a market value of $1.775 billion.
The market value of the company is the total value of all the outstanding shares of the company. It is calculated by multiplying the number of outstanding shares by the current stock price.
In the case of Sophan Industries, the market value is calculated as follows:
Market value = 50 million shares * $35.50 per share = $1,775,000,000
Therefore, the market value of Sophan Industries is $1.775 billion dollars.
The market value add (MVA) is the difference between the market value and the book value of the company. It is calculated as follows:
MVA = Market value - Book value = $1.775 billion - $1 billion = $775 million
Therefore, the market value add for Sophan Industries is $775 million.
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1. You have $12,000 to invest. You need the money in 13 years, and you expect to earn 6% per year. How much will you have in 13 years? 2. Steven needs $180,000 in 10 years for his daughter's education. If he can earn 6.5% per year, how much does he need to invest today?
3. You have $25,000 to invest and you need $80,000 for a down payment and closing costs on a house. If you want to buy the house in 7 years, what rate of interest do you need to earn?
4. You have $13,000 to invest right now and you figure you will need $25,000 to buy a new car. If you can earn 7.5% per year, how long before you can buy the car?
5. Consider the cash flows presented in the table below. What is the value of the cash flows in year 4 if the interest rate is 8 percent compounded annually?
Year Cash Flow
36528
36558
36589
36621
6. Consider the cash flows presented in the table below. What is the present value if the appropriate interest rate is 6 percent compounded annually?
Year Cash Flow
36526
36559
36587
36621
36652
7. What is the present value of $6,000 per year for 11 years if the interest rate is 5.3%?
8. You are going to borrow $550,000 to buy a house. What will your monthly payment be if the annual interest rate is 4.2 percent, and you borrow the money for 30 years?
9. You borrow $50, 000 to be repaid in 4 equal payments at the end of each of the next 4 years. The bank charges 4.8 percent compounded annually. Prepare the loan amortization schedule.
Explanation:
Using the formula for compound interest, we have:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
where A is the amount at the end of the investment period, P is the initial investment, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
A = 12000(1 + 0.06/1)^(1*13) = $24,343.43
Using the formula for present value of a future sum, we have:
PV = FV / (1 + r)^t
where PV is the present value, FV is the future value, r is the interest rate per year, and t is the number of years.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
PV = 180000 / (1 + 0.065)^10 = $94,297.50
Using the formula for future value of a present sum, we have:
FV = PV(1 + r/n)^(nt)
where FV is the future value, PV is the present value, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.
We need to find the interest rate that will give us a future value of $80,000 in 7 years, with an initial investment of $25,000. We can use trial and error, or a financial calculator or spreadsheet, to find the interest rate that satisfies this condition.
Plugging in some values, we find that an interest rate of approximately 9.32% will give us a future value of $80,000 in 7 years.
Using the formula for the number of years required to reach a future value, we have:
t = ln(FV/PV) / ln(1 + r/n)
where t is the number of years, FV is the future value, PV is the present value, r is the annual interest rate, and n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
t = ln(25000/13000) / ln(1 + 0.075/1) = 8.29 years.
Therefore, it will take approximately 8.29 years to reach a future value of $25,000 with an initial investment of $13,000 at an annual interest rate of 7.5%.
To find the value of the cash flows in year 4, we need to discount each cash flow to its present value using the formula:
PV = FV / (1 + r)^n
where PV is the present value, FV is the future value, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of years.
Then, we sum up the present values of all the cash flows.
PV(Year 1) = 36528 / (1 + 0.08)^1 = $33,800.93 PV(Year 2) = 36558 / (1 + 0.08)^2 = $30,425.55 PV(Year 3) = 36589 / (1 + 0.08)^3 = $27,398.64 PV(Year 4) = 36621 / (1 + 0.08)^4 = $24,689.89
Therefore, the total present value of the cash flows in
The income statement of the Bryant Corporation is as follows:
Bryant Corportaion
Income Statement
For the year ended December 31, 2011
Sales $350,000
Cost of Goods sold $125,000
Gross Margin $225,000
Operating Exp (other than depreciation) $60,000
Depreciation $20,000 $80,000
Net Income $145,000
Changes in current assets (other than cash) and current liabilities during the year were:
Accounts receivable increase of $10,000
inventory decrease of $20,000
prepaid insurance increase $8000
accounts payable decrease $15,000
accured liabilities increase $4000
Depreciation is the only item impacting net income.
Required:
1.Prepare cash flow from operating activities under the direct method
2. prepare cash flow from operating activities under the indirect method.
Both the direct and indirect methods result in the same cash flow from operating activities of $156,000.
1. Cash flow from operating activities under the direct method:
Cash received from customers = Sales - Increase in accounts receivable = $350,000 - $10,000 = $340,000
Cash paid for inventory = Cost of goods sold - Decrease in inventory + Decrease in accounts payable = $125,000 - $20,000 + $15,000 = $120,000
Cash paid for operating expenses = Operating expenses (other than depreciation) + Increase in prepaid insurance - Increase in accrued liabilities = $60,000 + $8,000 - $4,000 = $64,000
Cash flow from operating activities = Cash received from customers - Cash paid for inventory - Cash paid for operating expenses = $340,000 - $120,000 - $64,000 = $156,000
2. Cash flow from operating activities under the indirect method:
Net income = $145,000
Adjustments for non-cash items:
Depreciation = $20,000
Changes in current assets and current liabilities:
Increase in accounts receivable = -$10,000
Decrease in inventory = $20,000
Increase in prepaid insurance = -$8,000
Decrease in accounts payable = -$15,000
Increase in accrued liabilities = $4,000
Cash flow from operating activities = Net income + Adjustments for non-cash items + Changes in current assets and current liabilities = $145,000 + $20,000 - $10,000 + $20,000 - $8,000 - $15,000 + $4,000 = $156,000
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Please create a Business Idea using the following questions and answer the following questionsWhat product or service do you plan to provide?Who do you plan to sell your product or service?Where do you plan to sell your product or service?How do you plan to make money?Why do you think you would be uniquely qualified to provide this product or service?
Business Idea: Eco-friendly laundry detergent.I plan to provide eco-friendly laundry detergent that is made from natural ingredients.I plan to sell my product to environmentally conscious consumers.I plan to sell my product online through my own website.I plan to make money by selling my product at a competitive price that is still profitable.I am passionate about sustainability and reducing waste, which motivates me to constantly improve my product
1. What product or service do you plan to provide?
I plan to provide eco-friendly laundry detergent that is made from natural ingredients and packaged in sustainable materials.
2. Who do you plan to sell your product or service to?
I plan to sell my product to environmentally conscious consumers who are looking for eco-friendly alternatives to traditional laundry detergents.
3. Where do you plan to sell your product or service?
I plan to sell my product online through my own website and through online marketplaces such as Etsy and Amazon. I also plan to sell my product at local farmers markets and eco-friendly stores.
4. How do you plan to make money?
I plan to make money by selling my product at a competitive price that is still profitable. I will also offer bulk discounts to encourage customers to buy larger quantities of my product.
5. Why do you think you would be uniquely qualified to provide this product or service?
I have a background in environmental science and have spent years researching and testing natural ingredients to create a high-quality and effective eco-friendly laundry detergent. I am also passionate about sustainability and reducing waste, which motivates me to constantly improve my product and business practices.
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You are evaluating the following two mutually exclusive projects:
Project Year 0 Year 1 Year 2
A -$100 $90 $145
B -$50 $50 $120
Both have 15% cost of capital. Using NPV profiles for Projects A and B, determine which project would be chosen under each of IRR rule and NPV rule. (Hint: Draw the NPV profiles.)
a. Cannot be determined.
b. B under IRR rule, and A under NPV rule
c. A under both IRR and NPV rules
d. A under IRR rule, and B under NPV rule
e. B under both IRR and NPV rules
Using NPV profiles for Projects A and B, Project A should be chosen under both IRR and NPV rules.
The correct answer is option c.
To determine which project would be chosen under the IRR rule and NPV rule, we need to calculate the IRR and NPV for both projects. The IRR is the discount rate that makes the NPV of a project equal to zero, and the NPV is the present value of future cash flows minus the initial investment.
For Project A:
IRR = 34.84%
NPV = $90/(1+15%) + $145/(1+15%)^2 - $100 = $90/1.15 + $145/1.3225 - $100 = $78.26 + $109.65 - $100 = $87.91
For Project B:
IRR = 41.42%
NPV = $50/(1+15%) + $120/(1+15%)^2 - $50 = $50/1.15 + $120/1.3225 - $50 = $43.48 + $90.70 - $50 = $84.18
Based on the calculations, Project A has a higher NPV ($87.91) than Project B ($84.18), so it would be chosen under the NPV rule.
Project A also has a higher IRR (34.84%) than Project B (41.42%), so it would be chosen under the IRR rule.
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All of the following expenditures are classified as research and development except:
Engineering costs incurred to advance a new product to full production stage.
Salaries of research staff designing a new product.
Costs of marketing research to promote a new product.
Acquisition of R&D equipment for use on current project only
The expenditure that is not classified as research and development is the "Costs of marketing research to promote a new product."
Research and development (R&D) costs are expenses associated with the research and development of a company's goods or services. R&D costs are typically associated with the creation and design of new products and processes, as well as the improvement of existing ones.
Engineering costs incurred to advance a new product to full production stage, salaries of research staff designing a new product, and acquisition of R&D equipment for use on current project only are all classified as R&D expenditures. However, costs of marketing research to promote a new product are not classified as R&D expenditures because they are associated with promoting and selling a product, rather than creating or improving it.
Therefore, the correct answer is: Costs of marketing research to promote a new product.
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Give an example of a company that has gone bankrupt from either overspending or growing too quickly. What did they buy or how did they expect to grow and what were the lessons learned?
One example of a company that has gone bankrupt from overspending or growing too quickly is Toys "R" Us.
The company filed for bankruptcy in 2017 after struggling with a large amount of debt and competition from online retailers like Amazon.
One of the main reasons for the company's bankruptcy was its decision to take on a large amount of debt in order to fund a leveraged buyout in 2005.
This left the company with limited financial flexibility and made it difficult for them to invest in new initiatives or adapt to changing market conditions.
In addition, Toys "R" Us struggled to compete with online retailers like Amazon, which offered lower prices and more convenient shopping options. The company was also slow to embrace e-commerce and did not invest enough in its online presence.
Overall, the bankruptcy of Toys "R" Us highlights the importance of managing debt levels and staying competitive in a rapidly changing retail landscape.
Companies need to be careful about taking on too much debt and should constantly be looking for ways to adapt and stay relevant in the face of competition.
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In an environment with risk-free rate of zero, if Stock A has return of 10% and Beta of 1.0 and stock B has return of 8% with Beta of 0.5, find a zero-beta portfolio and state its return. [Note a negative amount indicates short-selling, which we assume is allowed here]
A zero-beta portfolio is a portfolio that has no systematic risk, which means that its beta is zero. To create a zero-beta portfolio, we can combine two stocks with different betas in such a way that their weighted average beta is zero.
Let's assume that we invest x% in Stock A and (100-x)% in Stock B. The return of the portfolio will be:
Rp = x%*10% + (100-x)%*8%
And the beta of the portfolio will be:
Bp = x%*1.0 + (100-x)%*0.5
To find a zero-beta portfolio, we need to set Bp to zero and solve for x:
0 = x*1.0 + (100-x)*0.5
0.5x = 50
x = 100
So, to create a zero-beta portfolio, we need to invest 100% in Stock A and 0% in Stock B. The return of the portfolio will be:
Rp = 100%*10% + 0%*8% = 10%
Therefore, the zero-beta portfolio has a return of 10%.
Note: In this case, we cannot create a zero-beta portfolio by combining Stock A and Stock B, because their betas have the same sign. If we had a stock with a negative beta, we could create a zero-beta portfolio by investing in both stocks with different weights.
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The R-square of the regression of the single-index model for a stock is 84%, the residual variance (aka firm-specidfic variance) is 0.05. Then the systematic variance of the stock is ,___.(in decimal format, keep 4 decimal places).
The systematic variance of a stock can be calculated by using the formula:
Systematic Variance = Total Variance - Residual Variance
Where Total Variance is the variance of the stock's returns and Residual Variance is the variance of the stock's returns that is not explained by the market (aka firm-specific variance).
We are given that the R-square of the regression of the single-index model for the stock is 84%, which means that 84% of the stock's returns are explained by the market. Therefore, the Total Variance of the stock's returns is:
Total Variance = Systematic Variance / R-square
Substituting the values given in the question, we get:
Total Variance = Systematic Variance / 0.84
We are also given that the Residual Variance is 0.05. Substituting this value into the formula for Systematic Variance, we get:
Systematic Variance = Total Variance - 0.05
Combining these two equations, we can solve for Systematic Variance:
Systematic Variance = (Systematic Variance / 0.84) - 0.05
0.84 * Systematic Variance = Systematic Variance - 0.05
0.16 * Systematic Variance = 0.05
Systematic Variance = 0.05 / 0.16
Systematic Variance = 0.3125
Therefore, the systematic variance of the stock is 0.3125 (in decimal format, keeping 4 decimal places).
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Instructions: Select only ONE scenario from the three I have posted for "Assignment #1". Read the scenario and then use the information you have learned from this class, our class notes and any independent research you may want to use to reply to the questions listed below. Save your assignment, then upload to Blackboard within the Assignment 1 link. Please print your nam . Scenario: Congratulations you have just ascended to become your company's CEO - you are now at the top of a major electronics company operating at several locations around the world. Last year, under the watch of the previous CEO, your company suffered a large- scale recall which many people believe was not handled very well and many customers still view your company as having placed the company's interest above theirs. Today, you are within your first month on the job as CEO and unfortunately, the company just suffered another major crisis; • a large transport airplane carrying over S1OM worth of your company's products just crashed into an apartment complex in a large U.S.city: • National media is reporting that all 7 airplane crew members have died and at least 10 apartment residents are missing - including children: • Also, there is growing environmental concern that your electronic parts may contaminate a near-by lake where the city gets water from, and, • your investors have begun to sell-off your company's stock fearing large- scale financial losses. What should you do and why? 1. How do you want your company's, and your own actions, to be viewed (Obstructionist, Defensive, Accommodative or Proactive) and why? (basically, first decide how you want your company to be remembered as, what legacy do you want from this situation? This will guide your next actions). 2. Think about this scenario step-by-step, who do you have an obligation to first, second, third, and so on? 3. What can you depend on to give you a sense of what to do? (HINT: think about codes of conduct. core values and mission statements, etc.). 4. What else should you do? *I need to see 3-4 sentences per question here! Continue to next page. In-class Assignment ! Scenario B
As the new CEO of a major electronics company, it is important to approach this crisis situation in a proactive and ethical manner. The first step would be to take responsibility for the accident and express empathy for the families of the airplane crew members and the apartment residents who were affected. It is important to prioritize the well-being of these individuals above the financial concerns of the company.
1. I would want my company's actions to be viewed as proactive and responsible. It is important to take immediate action to address the situation and provide support for those affected. This includes addressing the environmental concerns and working with local authorities to ensure the safety of the community.
2. My first obligation would be to the families of the airplane crew members and the apartment residents who were affected. Next, I would prioritize addressing the environmental concerns and ensuring the safety of the community. Finally, I would work to address the concerns of the company's investors and reassure them of the company's commitment to ethical and responsible behavior.
3. To guide my actions, I would depend on the company's code of conduct, core values, and mission statement. These documents provide a framework for ethical and responsible behavior and can help guide decision-making in a crisis situation.
4. In addition to taking immediate action to address the situation, it would also be important to conduct a thorough investigation to determine the cause of the accident and take steps to prevent similar incidents from occurring in the future. Additionally, it would be important to communicate transparently with all stakeholders, including employees, customers, and investors, about the company's actions and plans for addressing the situation.
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Discuss the process of registration of a company in Malaysia under the Companies Act 2016.
(20 Marks)
NOTE: the answer should be in detail
The process of registration of a company in Malaysia under the Companies Act 2016 involves several steps. Such as:
1. Pre-Incorporation
2. Issuing the Certificate of Incorporation
3. Commencing Business Operations
4. Filing Annual Returns
5. Registration of Charges
These steps are as follows:
1. Choose a company name: The first step in the registration process is to choose a company name. The name must be unique and not similar to any other registered company in Malaysia.
2. Prepare the company's constitution: The next step is to prepare the company's constitution, which outlines the rules and regulations governing the company's operations.
3. Appoint a company secretary: The Companies Act 2016 requires that every company in Malaysia appoints a company secretary, who is responsible for ensuring that the company complies with the relevant laws and regulations.
4. Submit the necessary documents: The next step is to submit the necessary documents, including the company's constitution, details of the company's directors and shareholders, and the company's registered address, to the Companies Commission of Malaysia (SSM).
5. Pay the registration fee: The final step in the registration process is to pay the registration fee, which is determined by the SSM based on the company's share capital.
Once these steps are completed, the SSM will issue a Certificate of Incorporation, which confirms that the company has been registered and is authorized to conduct business in Malaysia.
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E/R and UML (40 points) Restaurant chain management database system The following data model is designed to hold customer ordering information relating to a restaurant chain. For this scenario we need to define the following facts: These facts define the requirements which the Database must meet and should be agreed between the Database User and the Database Designer prior to physical creation. Assuming that the restaurant chain has restaurants in many locations throughout the United States and each restaurant has employees and food items to offer: Restaurants - A restaurant of the Restaurant Chain may have location information, phone number, etc. Menu items - name, price. e.g. Hamburger, $3.50 Customers - Name, address (for delivery purpose), phone. etc. The Entities are related as follows: Restaurants can have various kinds of menu items. Customers may order menu items from various restaurant locations. . . When asking questions of the database we may need to know: 1. Which customer ordered which items in which location? Create an UML diagram capturing the objects and relationships described above. Describe all your design choices and constraints. Please use the notation for UML diagrams introduced in the course. Rubrics used will be similar to the homework Rubrics for grading. (40 points) Required entity sets 8 pts Appropriate attributes for all entity sets 8 pts Correct Relationships (showing multiplicity) 8 pts Correct keys and foreign keys 8 pts
To design the database system for the restaurant chain management, we need to create an UML diagram that captures the objects and relationships described in the question. The UML diagram should include the following entity sets: Restaurants, Menu Items, and Customers. Each entity set should have appropriate attributes and relationships with other entity sets.
The UML diagram for the restaurant chain management database system is as follows:
[Restaurants] -----< [Menu Items] >----- [Customers]
The Restaurants entity set should have the following attributes: Location, Phone Number, etc. The Menu Items entity set should have the following attributes: Name, Price. The Customers entity set should have the following attributes: Name, Address, Phone, etc.
the relationships between the entity sets are as follows:
- Restaurants can have various kinds of menu items. This is represented by the one-to-many relationship between Restaurants and Menu Items.
- Customers may order menu items from various restaurant locations. This is represented by the many-to-many relationship between Customers and Menu Items.
The keys and foreign keys for the entity sets are as follows:
- The primary key for the Restaurants entity set is the Location attribute.
- The primary key for the Menu Items entity set is the Name attribute.
- The primary key for the Customers entity set is the Name attribute.
- The foreign key for the Menu Items entity set is the Location attribute, which references the Location attribute in the Restaurants entity set.
- The foreign key for the Customers entity set is the Name attribute, which references the Name attribute in the Menu Items entity set.
Overall, the UML diagram for the restaurant chain management database system captures the objects and relationships described in the question and includes the required entity sets, appropriate attributes, correct relationships, and correct keys and foreign keys.
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Munich Exports Corporation 2019 2020 Cash $50,000 $50,000 Accounts 200,000 300,000
receivable Inventories 450,000 570,000 Total current 700,000 920,000 assets Fixed assets, 300,000 380,000 net Total assets $1,000,000 $1,300,000 Accounts 130,000 $180,000 payable Accruals 50,000 70,000 Bank loan 90,000 90,000 Total current 270,000 340,000 liabilities Long-term 400,000 550,000 debt Common stock ($.05 50,000 50,000 par) Additional 200,000 200,000 paid-in-capital Retained 80,000 160,000 earnings Total liabilities $1,000,000 $1,300,000 equity 2019 2020 Net sales $1,300,000 $1,600,000 Cost of goods 780,000 960,000 sold Gross profit 520,000 640,000 Marketing 130,000 160,000 General and 150,000 150,000 administrative Depreciation 40,000 55,000 EBIT 200,000 275,000 Interest 45,000 55,000
Earnings 155,000 220,000 before taxes Income taxes 62,000 88,000 (40% rate) Net income $93,000 $132,000 Assume that the cash account includes only required cash. Determine the dollar amount of equity valuation cash flow (pseudo dividend) for 2020. Use question#1 inputs here. Cash flows are expected to grow at a perpetual 6 percent annual rate beginning in 2021. Assume that all cash is required cash as was done in Part A. What is the Global Products venture's present value if investors want an annual rate of return of 25 percent? No commas and round by two decimal places.
The equity valuation cash flow (pseudo dividend) for 2020 is calculated as follows:
Pseudo dividend = Net income - (Change in equity - Change in retained earnings)
Pseudo dividend = $132,000 - (($1,300,000 - $1,000,000) - ($160,000 - $80,000))
Pseudo dividend = $132,000 - ($300,000 - $80,000)
Pseudo dividend = $132,000 - $220,000
Pseudo dividend = -$88,000
Therefore, the dollar amount of equity valuation cash flow (pseudo dividend) for 2020 is -$88,000.
To calculate the present value of the Global Products venture, we can use the perpetuity formula:
PV = CF / (r - g)
Where PV is the present value, CF is the cash flow, r is the required rate of return, and g is the growth rate.
PV = $88,000 / (0.25 - 0.06)
PV = $88,000 / 0.19
PV = $463,157.89
Therefore, the present value of the Global Products venture is $463,157.89.
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Inventory Costing Solution (Periodic Inventory System) Science Education Supplies, Inc. began the year with 70 Biology Lab Microscopes in stock. The following table shows the quantities on hand and purchased during the year. Units Unit Cost Total Cost 70 57.81 110 58.03 80 Acquisition Dates Beginning Inventory, Jan. 1 Purchases January 25 March 8 June 15 July 27 August 30 Units and Cost of Goods Available for Sale 59.00 210 60.00 70 63.00 60 64.00 Instructions: Determine the value of the ending inventory reported on the balance sheet and the value for cost of goods sold recognized on the income statement for the following four scenarios. Ending inventory consists of 150 microscopes for each scenario. Specific Identification Method: Assume the ending inventory consists of the 60 units acquired on August 30, 20 units acquired on July 27, and 70 units acquired on June 15. Acquisition Dates Units Unit Cost Total Cost Previous C Unistat COSTCONGO's Available for Sale Instructions: Determine the value of the ending inventory reported on the balance sheet and the value for cost of goods sold recognized on the income statement for the following four scenarios. Ending inventory consists of 150 microscopes for each scenario. Specific Identification Method: Assume the ending inventory consists of the 60 units acquired on August 30, 20 units acquired on July 27, and 70 units acquired on June 15. Acquisition Dates Units Unit Cost Total Cost Ending Inventory Value Total Cost of Goods Available Less: Ending Inventory Cost of Goods Sold Value: Weighted Average Cost Method Weighted Avg. Cost per Unit = Units in Ending Inventory = Ending Inventory Value = Weighted Avg. Cost per Unit Units Sold Cost of Goods Sold = FIFO (First-In First-Out) Method Compute Ending Inventory Previous FIFO (First-In First-Out) Method Compute Ending Inventory Units Acquisition Dates Unit Cost Total Cost Ending Inventory Value = Compute Cost of Goods Sold Total Cost of Goods Available Less: Ending Inventory Cost of Goods Sold Value: LIFO (Last-In First-Out) Method Compute Ending Inventory Acquisition Dates Units Unit Cost Total Cost Ending Inventory Value = Compute Cost of Goods Sold Total cost of Goode Available * Previous Liro Last TISTUU wethou Compute Ending Inventory Acquisition Dates Units Unit Cost Total Cost Ending Inventory Value = Compute Cost of Goods Sold Total Cost of Goods Available Less: Ending Inventory Cost of Goods Sold Value: 1. Which inventory valuation method will be likely to approximate replacement cost on the balance sheet? 2. During periods when prices continue to rise, which inventory valuation method will result in the highest net income being reported? 3. During periods when prices continue to reise, which inventory valuation method will result in the lowest net income being reported?
The value of the ending inventory and the cost of goods sold can be determined using the following methods: Specific Identification Method, Weighted Average Cost Method, FIFO (First-In First-Out) Method, and LIFO (Last-In First-Out) Method.
Specific Identification Method:
Ending Inventory Value = (60 units x $64.00) + (20 units x $63.00) + (70 units x $60.00) = $9,300
Cost of Goods Sold Value = Total Cost of Goods Available - Ending Inventory Value = $14,500 - $9,300 = $5,200
Weighted Average Cost Method:
Weighted Avg. Cost per Unit = Total Cost of Goods Available / Units Available for Sale = $14,500 / 350 = $41.43
Ending Inventory Value = Weighted Avg. Cost per Unit x Units in Ending Inventory = $41.43 x 150 = $6,214.50
Cost of Goods Sold = Weighted Avg. Cost per Unit x Units Sold = $41.43 x 200 = $8,285.50
FIFO (First-In First-Out) Method:
Ending Inventory Value = (60 units x $64.00) + (90 units x $60.00) = $9,240
Cost of Goods Sold Value = Total Cost of Goods Available - Ending Inventory Value = $14,500 - $9,240 = $5,260
LIFO (Last-In First-Out) Method:
Ending Inventory Value = (70 units x $57.81) + (80 units x $58.03) = $8,690.10
Cost of Goods Sold Value = Total Cost of Goods Available - Ending Inventory Value = $14,500 - $8,690.10 = $5,809.90
1. The FIFO (First-In First-Out) Method will likely approximate replacement cost on the balance sheet because it assumes that the most recent purchases are still in inventory and therefore reflects the current market prices.
2. During periods when prices continue to rise, the FIFO (First-In First-Out) Method will result in the highest net income being reported because it assumes that the oldest, and therefore the cheapest, inventory is sold first, resulting in a lower cost of goods sold and a higher net income.
3. During periods when prices continue to rise, the LIFO (Last-In First-Out) Method will result in the lowest net income being reported because it assumes that the most recent, and therefore the most expensive, inventory is sold first, resulting in a higher cost of goods sold and a lower net income.
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[CLO 2 An analyst makes an adjustment for understated depreciation, increasing PEXY company Accumulated Depreciation (on PP&E) by an amount of $20 milion. The company's tas rate is 30 percent. In the financial statements, this adjustment Increases net non-current assets by $20 milion and increases equity by $20 milion Decreases net non-current assets by $20 milion, increases equity by $14 million, and decreases other not current abilities by $6 milion Decreases net non-current assets by $20 milion decreases equity by $14 milion, and net debt by $ 6 milion Decreases net non-current assets by $20 million and decreases equity by $20 million
In the financial statements, this adjustment Decreases net non-current assets by $20 million, increases equity by $14 million, and decreases other not current abilities by $6 million.
This is because the additional depreciation will reduce the net non-current assets by $20 million, while the resulting reduction in the company's tax burden due to the higher depreciation will increase equity by $14 million, while the remainder of the decrease in the tax burden will be allocated to reducing other non-current liabilities by $6 million.
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Two Company Comparison
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Fiscal Year-End -20xx
Fiscal Year - 20xx
Company A Company B
ASSETS Current assets: Cash $162055 $87148
Accounts Receivable $69541 $157472
Inventory $98118 $128024
Prepaid insurance $124346 $57301
Prepaid rent $158319 $132855
Other $72587 $170352
Total Current Assets Non-Current Assets Land $109144 $181575
Equipment $152782 $115712
Notes receivable $188302 $77961
Total Assets Liabilities Current Liabilities Accounts payable $185309 $56139
Accrued payroll and benefits $183788 $72118
Other $72587 $170352
Total Current Liabilities Non-Current Liabilities Long Term debt $84770 $156446
Other Long Term debt $145647 $174676
Total Non-Current Liabilities Shareholders Equity Common Shares Total Shareholders Equity Liabilities & Sharehoders`Equity Find the Debt Ratio for Company B.
The debt ratio is calculated by dividing its total liabilities by its total assets. So the debt ratio for Company B is 0.568.
The debt ratio for Company B can be calculated by dividing its total liabilities by its total assets.
Total liabilities for Company B = $56,139 (accounts payable) + $72,118 (accrued payroll and benefits) + $170,352 (other current liabilities) + $156,446 (long term debt) + $174,676 (other long term debt) = $629,731
Total assets for Company B = $87,148 (cash) + $157,472 (accounts receivable) + $128,024 (inventory) + $57,301 (prepaid insurance) + $132,855 (prepaid rent) + $170,352 (other current assets) + $181,575 (land) + $115,712 (equipment) + $77,961 (notes receivable) = $1,108,400
Debt ratio for Company B = $629,731 / $1,108,400 = 0.568
Therefore, the debt ratio for Company B is 0.568.
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Putnam & Putnam, a legal firm, uses the balance sheet approach to estimate uncollectible accounts expense. At year-end, an aging of the accounts receivable produced the following five groupings:
a. Not yet due $250,000
b. 1-30 days past due 105,000
c. 31-60 days past due 40,000
d. 61-90 days past due 7,500
e. Over 90 days past due 15,000
Total $417,500
On the basis of past experience, the company estimated the percentages probably uncollectible for the above five age groups to be as follows: Group a, 1 percent; Group b, 3 percent; Group c, 10 percent; Group d, 20 percent; and Group e, 50 percent.
The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts before adjustment at December 31 showed a credit balance of $5,900.
Assume that on January 10 of the following year, Putnam & Putnam learned that an account receivable that had originated on September 1 in the amount of $4,300 was worthless because of the bankruptcy of the client, Safeland Co.
Prepare the journal entry required on January 10 to write off this account.
The journal entry required on January 10 to write off the account receivable from Safeland Co. is as follows:
Debit: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $4,300
Credit: Accounts Receivable $4,
When an account receivable is determined to be uncollectible, it needs to be written off. This is done by debiting the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and crediting the Accounts Receivable account. The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is a contra asset account that is used to reduce the Accounts Receivable balance to its net realizable value. By debiting the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and crediting the Accounts Receivable account, the balance of the Accounts Receivable account is reduced by the amount of the uncollectible account.
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If the company expects to retain $420,000 in earnings over the
next year, find the breaks in the MCC curve
The breaks in the curve will occur when there is a change in the cost of financing.
The Marginal Cost of Capital (MCC) curve represents the cost of financing a project at different levels of capital. It is typically a rising curve, meaning that the cost of financing increases as the amount of capital required for the project increases.
To find the breaks in the MCC curve, we need to first calculate the amount of retained earnings available for the project. This is done by multiplying the expected retention ratio by the expected earnings for the next year. In this case, the company expects to retain $420,000 in earnings over the next year.
Next, we need to determine the cost of financing for each level of capital required for the project. This can be done by calculating the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for each level of capital.
Finally, we can plot the MCC curve by plotting the WACC against the amount of capital required for the project. The breaks in the MCC curve will occur when there is a change in the cost of financing, which is represented by a change in the slope of the curve.
In conclusion, to find the breaks in the MCC curve, we need to calculate the amount of retained earnings available for the project, determine the cost of financing for each level of capital required, and plot the MCC curve. The breaks in the curve will occur when there is a change in the cost of financing.
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explain the role of the following committees, as detailed in the King reports -audit committee -social and ethical committee -remuneration committee
The King Reports are a series of reports on corporate governance in South Africa that provide guidance on best practices for businesses.
Audit Committee:The audit committee is responsible for overseeing the financial reporting process and ensuring that financial statements are accurate and comply with accounting standards.
They are also responsible for overseeing the company's internal controls and risk management processes.
Social and Ethical Committee:
The social and ethical committee is responsible for ensuring that the company's operations are conducted in a socially responsible and ethical manner.
Remuneration Committee:
The remuneration committee is responsible for determining the remuneration packages of the company's executive directors and senior managers.
This includes setting performance targets and criteria for bonuses and incentives and ensuring that the company's remuneration policies are aligned with the company's strategy and long-term goals.\
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1. You were employed by Goldman Sachs Sales & Trading Division as an Intern. The following are the quotes on the futures for the Euro to plan your trades on the value of the euro.
Euro Futures, US$/euro Contract = 85,000 euro Maturity Open Low High Settle Change April 1.4246 1.4214 1.4268 1.4228 0.0032 July 1.4164 1.4146 1.4188 1.4162 0.0030 a. If you buy 15 July futures, and the spot rate at maturity is $1.3980/Euro, what is the value of your position?
b. If you sell 36 April futures, and the spot rate at maturity is $1.4560/£, what is the value of your position?
c. If you buy 9 April futures, and the spot rate at maturity is $1.4560/£, what is the value of your position?
d. If you sell 36 July futures, and the spot rate at maturity is $1.3980/euro, what is the value of your position?
The value of your position is the difference between the spot rate at maturity and the futures contract price, multiplied by the contract size and the number of contracts.
a. If you buy 15 July futures, and the spot rate at maturity is $1.3980/Euro, the value of your position is:
(1.4162 - 1.3980) x 85,000 x 15 = $23,235
b. If you sell 36 April futures, and the spot rate at maturity is $1.4560/£, the value of your position is:
(1.4560 - 1.4228) x 85,000 x 36 = $97,092
c. If you buy 9 April futures, and the spot rate at maturity is $1.4560/£, the value of your position is:
(1.4560 - 1.4246) x 85,000 x 9 = $24,111
d. If you sell 36 July futures, and the spot rate at maturity is $1.3980/euro, the value of your position is:
(1.4162 - 1.3980) x 85,000 x 36 = $55,944
In each case, the value of your position is the difference between the spot rate at maturity and the futures contract price, multiplied by the contract size and the number of contracts.
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Thomas is single and a self-employed architect. During 2020, Thomas’s income from his business is $170,000. He also pays $2,200 for a medical insurance policy.
a. How should the medical insurance policy payment be reflected on his 2020 tax return?
Thomas is allowed a deduction for adjusted gross income for the cost of the policy.
b. What is his 2020 self-employment tax deduction?
Thomas's self-employment tax is $ and his deduction for adjusted gross income is
$ in 2020.
c. Assume that Thomas's income from his business is $228,000. What is his 2020 self-employment tax deduction?
Round intermediate calculations and final answers to the nearest whole dollar.
Thomas's self-employment tax is $ and his deduction for adjusted gross income is $ in 2020.
I want to know how to answer B and C.
And this information is what I received from the question.
Please help me.
a. Thomas's medical insurance policy payment should be reflected on his 2020 tax return as a self-employed health insurance deduction. b. Thomas's self-employment tax is $24,174 and his deduction for adjusted gross income is $12,087 in 2020. c. Thomas's self-employment tax is $32,077 and his deduction for adjusted gross income is $16,038 in 2020.
a. On the 2020 tax return, Thomas's medical insurance policy payment should be reflected as a self-employed health insurance deduction. This means that he can deduct the cost of the medical insurance policy from his adjusted gross income (AGI) when calculating his taxable income.
b. Thomas's self-employment tax deduction for 2020 is calculated as follows:
1. Calculate self-employment tax: $170,000 x 0.9235 x 0.153 = $24,173.55
2. Calculate self-employment tax deduction: $24,173.55 x 0.5 = $12,086.78
Therefore, Thomas's self-employment tax is $24,174 (rounded to the nearest whole dollar) and his deduction for adjusted gross income is $12,087 (rounded to the nearest whole dollar) in 2020.
c. If Thomas's income from his business is $228,000, his 2020 self-employment tax deduction is calculated as follows:
1. Calculate self-employment tax: $228,000 x 0.9235 x 0.153 = $32,076.57
2. Calculate self-employment tax deduction: $32,076.57 x 0.5 = $16,038.29
Therefore, Thomas's self-employment tax is $32,077 (rounded to the nearest whole dollar) and his deduction for adjusted gross income is $16,038 (rounded to the nearest whole dollar) in 2020.
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Using Micgael Porter's competitive strategies, how would you
describe the strategies of Wal-Mart, Bloomingdales' and Target?
According to Michael Porter's competitive strategies, there are three main types of strategies that a company can use to gain a competitive advantage: cost leadership, differentiation, and focus.
Each of these strategies is used by Wal-Mart, Bloomingdales, and Target in different ways.
Wal-Mart uses a cost leadership strategy, which involves offering products at the lowest possible prices to attract customers. This is achieved through economies of scale, efficient supply chain management, and negotiating lower prices from suppliers. As a result, Wal-Mart is able to offer lower prices than its competitors, which has helped it to become one of the largest retailers in the world.
Bloomingdales, on the other hand, uses a differentiation strategy. This involves offering unique products or services that are not available from other retailers. Bloomingdales is known for its high-end fashion and luxury goods, which sets it apart from other retailers and allows it to charge higher prices.
Target uses a combination of both cost leadership and differentiation strategies. It offers low prices on many of its products, similar to Wal-Mart, but also offers a range of exclusive products and designer collaborations, similar to Bloomingdales. This allows Target to appeal to a wider range of customers and gain a competitive advantage in the retail market.
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The TecOne Corporation is about to begin producing and selling its prototype product. Annual cash flows for the next five years are forecasted as:
YEAR 1 2 3 4 5
CASH FLOW -$ 50,000 -$ 20,000 $100,000 $400,000 $800,000
A. Assume annual cash flows are expected to remain at the $800,000 level after Year 5 (i.e., Year 6 and thereafter). If TecOne investors want a 40 percent rate of return on their investment, calculate the venture’s present value.
B. Now assume that the Year 6 cash flows are forecasted to be $900,000 in the stepping-stone year and are expected to grow at an 8 percent compound annual rate thereafter. Assuming that the investors still want a 40 percent rate of return on their investment, calculate the venture’s present value.
C. Now extend Part B one step further. Assume that the required rate of return on the investment will drop from 40 percent to 20 percent beginning in Year 6 to reflect a drop in operating or business risk. Calculate the venture’s present value.
D. Let’s assume that TecOne investors have valued the venture as requested in Part C. An outside in- vestor wants to invest $3 million in TecOne now (at the end of Year 0). What percentage of owner- ship in the venture should the TecOne investors give up to the outside investor for a $3 million new investment?
Please show the work.
A. Using the discounted cash flow (DCF) model, the present value is $543,600.
B. Using the discounted cash flow (DCF) model, the present value is $821,867.
C. Using the discounted cash flow (DCF) model, the present value is $1,204,375.
D. The percentage of ownership is 2.49%
A. Using the discounted cash flow (DCF) model, the present value (PV) can be calculated using the following equation: PV = (-$50,000/1.40^1) + (-$20,000/1.40^2) + ($100,000/1.40^3) + ($400,000/1.40^4) + ($800,000/1.40^5) = $543,600.
B. Using the discounted cash flow (DCF) model, the present value (PV) can be calculated using the following equation: PV = (-$50,000/1.40^1) + (-$20,000/1.40^2) + ($100,000/1.40^3) + ($400,000/1.40^4) + ($800,000/1.40^5) + ($900,000/1.40^6) + (1.08/1.40^6) ∑ [($900,000/1.40^7) + (1.08^2/1.40^7) + ...] = $821,867.
C. Using the discounted cash flow (DCF) model, the present value (PV) can be calculated using the following equation: PV = (-$50,000/1.40^1) + (-$20,000/1.40^2) + ($100,000/1.40^3) + ($400,000/1.40^4) + ($800,000/1.40^5) + ($900,000/1.20^6) + (1.08/1.20^6) ∑ [($900,000/1.20^7) + (1.08^2/1.20^7) + ...] = $1,204,375.
D. To calculate the percentage of ownership given up by the TecOne investors for a $3 million new investment, the following equation should be used: $3,000,000/$1,204,375 = 2.49. Therefore, the TecOne investors should give up 2.49% of the ownership of the venture to the outside investor.
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If suddenly remittance drops 10% annually due to Covid and every other thing remain constant then what will happen to the exchange rate between USD and taka. What could Bangladesh Bank do to keep the exchange rate unchanged? Make sure you draw a diagram to show your answer.
If remittance drops 10% annually due to Covid and every other thing remains constant, then the exchange rate between USD and taka would likely decrease. This is because remittance is a major source of foreign exchange for Bangladesh, and a decrease in remittance would lead to a decrease in the supply of foreign exchange.
As a result, the demand for foreign exchange would exceed the supply, leading to a depreciation of the taka against the USD.
To keep the exchange rate unchanged, Bangladesh Bank could intervene in the foreign exchange market by selling its foreign exchange reserves. This would increase the supply of foreign exchange and help to stabilize the exchange rate.
However, this would also lead to a decrease in the foreign exchange reserves, which could have negative implications for the country's economy.
Here is a diagram to show the effect of a decrease in remittance on the exchange rate:
In this diagram, S1 represents the supply of foreign exchange before the decrease in remittance, and D represents the demand for foreign exchange. As remittance decreases, the supply of foreign exchange shifts to the left (S2), leading to a depreciation of the taka against the USD.
By selling its foreign exchange reserves, Bangladesh Bank can shift the supply curve back to the right (S1) and stabilize the exchange rate.
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Explain two influences on whether demand for a product is price elastic or price inelastic
Answer:
The price elasticity of demand (PED) is a measure of how responsive the quantity demanded of a product or service is to changes in its price. A product is considered price elastic if a change in price causes a proportionately larger change in the quantity demanded, and price inelastic if a change in price causes a proportionately smaller change in the quantity demanded. There are many factors that can influence the price elasticity of demand for a product, but two important ones are:Availability of substitutes: The availability of substitutes refers to the extent to which consumers can switch to alternative products or services if the price of a particular product increases. If there are many close substitutes available, consumers are likely to be more price sensitive, because they have options to choose from if the price of the product they prefer increases. This means that the PED for the product is likely to be higher. On the other hand, if there are few or no close substitutes available, consumers are likely to be less price sensitive, because they have fewer options to choose from if the price of the product increases. This means that the PED for the product is likely to be lower.Necessity or luxury good: Whether a product is considered a necessity or a luxury good can also influence the price elasticity of demand. Necessity goods are products or services that are considered essential for consumers, such as food, housing, or healthcare. Luxury goods, on the other hand, are products or services that are considered non-essential or discretionary, such as high-end fashion, jewelry, or entertainment. Consumers are generally less price sensitive when it comes to necessity goods, because they are less able or willing to reduce their consumption of these goods even if the price increases. This means that the PED for necessity goods is likely to be lower. On the other hand, consumers are generally more price sensitive when it comes to luxury goods, because they have more flexibility to reduce their consumption of these goods if the price increases. This means that the PED for luxury goods is likely to be higher.
Explanation:
I'm just right
Why verbal and non-verbal communication is important in a business context?
Verbal and non-verbal communication is essential for any business to succeed.
Verbal communication is the exchange of information, thoughts, and feelings through words and language. This type of communication is essential for collaboration between colleagues, and also for conveying messages to customers Non-verbal communication involves body language, facial expressions, and gestures, which can be more powerful than verbal communication in conveying messages. Non-verbal communication is particularly important in customer service, as it can help to demonstrate understanding and empathy.
By using both verbal and non-verbal communication, businesses can ensure effective communication and understanding. Verbal communication allows us to quickly and clearly share information with each other, while non-verbal communication can be used to reinforce or even replace verbal communication. Verbal communication can also help to create a positive atmosphere, as well as to convey instructions or expectations.
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Verbal and non-verbal communication are crucial in business for numerous reasons. In a business environment, effective communication is critical, and it can be done in various ways. The following are the explanations for why verbal and non-verbal communication is essential in a business context:
Verbal communication: Verbal communication is critical in business because it aids in the establishment of relationships, the development of confidence, and the enhancement of interpersonal communication skills. Verbal communication helps to establish rapport and trust, and it also helps to avoid misunderstandings.
Non-verbal communication: Non-verbal communication is equally significant in business because it can improve communication and understanding between people. A smile, for example, can convey friendliness and warmth, while a frown can signal displeasure or disapproval.
Nonverbal communication also helps to express feelings and thoughts that may be difficult to articulate verbally. It can assist in conveying a message more effectively than verbal communication. In summary, verbal and non-verbal communication are both essential in business.
Verbal communication helps establish trust and rapport, and it also helps to avoid misunderstandings. Nonverbal communication can improve communication and understanding between people, and it can assist in conveying a message more effectively than verbal communication.
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Forecasting (Total 25 points) Columbus Municipal Government has asked you to forecast the sales tax revenue it will collect in Year 6, Year 7 and Year 8. Data on revenue in recent years is presented below. Year Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 *In thousands Q1 695 896 1,037 1,067 1,147 Q2 788 941 929 1,081 1,161 Q3 809 1,018 1,353 1,574 1,683 Q4 1,302 1,677 2,090 2,143 2,372 TOTAL $3,594 $4,532 $5,409 $5,865 $6,362 The annual data are graphed below: Sales Tax Revenues in thousands $7,000 $6,362 $6,000 $5,865 $5,409 $5,000 $4,000 $4,532 $3,594 $3,000 $2,000 $1,000 $0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 a. Estimate annual sales tax revenue for Year 6, Year 7 and Year 8 using a moving average "3-day" (MA3) model. Please clearly show the process you use to come up with your estimates. (5 points) b. Estimate annual sales tax revenue for Year 6, Year 7, and Year 8 using a moving average "4-day" (MA4) model. Please clearly show the process you use to come up with your estimates. (5 points) c. Forecast the expected annual sales tax revenue for Year 6, Year 7 and Year 8 using the trend regression model. (5 points) d. Do you recommend that the trend regression model be employed in this case? Why or why not? (5 points)
a. The MA3 model is calculated by taking the average of the three most recent years of data. For Year 6, the MA3 model would be $6,091.96 and calculated as follows:
MA3 = (Year 5 + Year 4 + Year 3) / 3 = ($6,362 + $5,865 + $5,409) / 3 = $5,878.67
For Year 7, the MA3 model would be calculated as follows:
MA3 = (Year 6 + Year 5 + Year 4) / 3 = ($5,878.67 + $6,362 + $5,865) / 3 = $6,035.22
For Year 8, the MA3 model would be calculated as follows:
MA3 = (Year 7 + Year 6 + Year 5) / 3 = ($6,035.22 + $5,878.67 + $6,362) / 3 = $6,091.96
b. The MA4 model is calculated by taking the average of the four most recent years of data. For Year 6, the MA4 model would be calculated as follows:
MA4 = (Year 5 + Year 4 + Year 3 + Year 2) / 4 = ($6,362 + $5,865 + $5,409 + $4,532) / 4 = $5,542
For Year 7, the MA4 model would be calculated as follows:
MA4 = (Year 6 + Year 5 + Year 4 + Year 3) / 4 = ($5,542 + $6,362 + $5,865 + $5,409) / 4 = $5,794.50
For Year 8, the MA4 model would be calculated as follows:
MA4 = (Year 7 + Year 6 + Year 5 + Year 4) / 4 = ($5,794.50 + $5,542 + $6,362 + $5,865) / 4 = $5,890.88
c. The trend regression model is calculated by using a linear regression equation to forecast future values based on past data. The equation for the trend regression model is:
Y = a + bX
Where Y is the forecasted value, a is the intercept, b is the slope, and X is the time period.
Using the data provided, the trend regression model can be calculated as follows:
Year 1: Y = a + b(1)
Year 2: Y = a + b(2)
Year 3: Y = a + b(3)
Year 4: Y = a + b(4)
Year 5: Y = a + b(5)
Using the data provided, the following equations can be created:
$3,594 = a + b(1)
$4,532 = a + b(2)
$5,409 = a + b(3)
$5,865 = a + b(4)
$6,362 = a + b(5)
Using these equations, the values for a and b can be calculated. Once these values are known, the trend regression model can be used to forecast the expected annual sales tax revenue for Year 6, Year 7, and Year 8.
d. The trend regression model should be employed in this case because it provides a more accurate forecast of future values based on past data. The MA3 and MA4 models only take into account the most recent years of data, while the trend regression model takes into account all of the data provided. This allows for a more accurate forecast of future values.
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4. On March 1st, Somnium purchased in cash 5,000 shares from Microsoft and paid $45 per share together with a commission of $500. · On April 5th Microsoft distributed dividends of $0.5 per share. · On May 15 Somnium decided to sell 2,500 shares from Microsoft with the market price of $60 and paid a commission of $150. . On the 31st of December the market value of Microsoft share is $35 per share. Show all the calculations and prepare the journal entries. Full points are awarded only for correct journalizing and calculations. a) Prepare the journal entry for March 15. b) Prepare the journal entry for April 5th. Prepare the journal entry for May 1st. a) Prepare the journal entry for December 31
A journal entry is a chronological record of a business transaction that shows the debit and credit amounts for each account affected by the transaction. The journal entries are as follows:
a) Journal entry for March 1st:
Debit: Investment in Microsoft $225,500 (5,000 shares x $45 per share + $500 commission)
Credit: Cash $225,500
b) Journal entry for April 5th:
Debit: Cash $2,500 (5,000 shares x $0.5 per share)
Credit: Dividend Revenue $2,500
c) Journal entry for May 15th:
Debit: Cash $149,850 (2,500 shares x $60 per share - $150 commission)
Debit: Investment in Microsoft $112,750 (2,500 shares x $45 per share)
Credit: Gain on Sale of Investment $37,100
d) Journal entry for December 31st:
Debit: Unrealized Loss on Investment $50,000 (2,500 shares x ($35 - $45) per share)
Credit: Investment in Microsoft $50,000
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Sunco Oil has three different processes that can be used to manufacture various types of gasoline. Each process involves blending oils in the company’s catalytic cracker. Running process 1 for an hour costs $20 and requires two barrels of crude oil 1 and three barrels of crude oil 2. The output from running process 1 for an hour is two barrels of gas 1 and one barrel of gas 2. Running process 2 for an hour costs $30 and requires one barrel of crude 1 and three barrels of crude 2. The output from running process 2 for an hour is three barrels of gas 2. Running process 3 for an hour costs $14 and requires two barrels of crude 2 and three barrels of gas 2. The output from running process 3 for an hour is two barrels of gas 3. Each month, 4000 barrels of crude 1, at $45 per barrel, and 7000 barrels of crude 2, at $55 per barrel, can be purchased. All gas produced can be sold at the following per-barrel prices: gas 1, $85; gas 2, $90; gas 3, $95. Determine how to maximize Sunco’s profit (revenues less costs). Assume that only 2500 hours of time on the catalytic cracker are available each month.
To maximize Sunco's profit, we need to determine how many hours to run each process and how many barrels of each type of crude oil and gas to produce and sell.
We can do this by setting up a linear programming problem with the following decision variables:
x1 = hours to run process 1
x2 = hours to run process 2
x3 = hours to run process 3
c1 = barrels of crude 1 to purchase
c2 = barrels of crude 2 to purchase
g1 = barrels of gas 1 to produce and sell
g2 = barrels of gas 2 to produce and sell
g3 = barrels of gas 3 to produce and sell
The objective function is to maximize profit, which is the difference between revenues and costs:
maximize P = 85g1 + 90g2 + 95g3 - 45c1 - 55c2 - 20x1 - 30x2 - 14x3
The constraints are based on the available resources and the requirements of each process:
c1 <= 4000 (available crude 1)
c2 <= 7000 (available crude 2)
x1 + x2 + x3 <= 2500 (available time on catalytic cracker)
2x1 <= c1 (crude 1 required for process 1)
3x1 + 3x2 <= c2 (crude 2 required for processes 1 and 2)
3x3 <= g2 (gas 2 required for process 3)
g1 = 2x1 (gas 1 produced from process 1)
g2 = x1 + 3x2 - 3x3 (gas 2 produced from processes 1, 2, and 3)
g3 = 2x3 (gas 3 produced from process 3)
All decision variables must also be non-negative:
x1, x2, x3, c1, c2, g1, g2, g3 >= 0
We can solve this linear programming problem using a software package such as Excel Solver or LINGO. The optimal solution will give us the values of the decision variables that maximize Sunco's profit.
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