Whistle-blowing refers to the act of an individual reporting or disclosing information about illegal, unethical, or harmful activities within an organization to the relevant authorities or the public. Whistle-blowing can be ethically justified when it exposes significant harm, violations of laws or regulations, or threats to public safety or well-being.
Whistle-blowing is an important mechanism for individuals to expose wrongdoing within organizations. It is ethically justified when it uncovers significant harm or wrongdoing. For example, if an employee discovers that their company is engaging in fraudulent activities that could harm investors or the general public, whistle-blowing becomes justified as it serves the greater good by preventing harm and upholding the principles of honesty and accountability.
Whistle-blowing can also be an ethically obligated course of action when there is a moral duty to prevent or address wrongdoing. For instance, if an employee becomes aware of workplace discrimination or harassment and the organization is not taking appropriate action to address it, whistle-blowing becomes an ethical obligation to protect the rights and well-being of individuals affected by such misconduct.
To maximize internal whistle-blowing in the workplace, several strategies can be implemented. First and foremost, clear reporting channels should be established, ensuring that employees have accessible and confidential avenues to report concerns. This can include anonymous reporting mechanisms to protect the identity of whistle-blowers.
Secondly, organizations should take proactive steps to protect whistle-blowers from retaliation. Whistle-blowers often face risks such as job loss, ostracization, or legal consequences. By implementing policies and procedures that safeguard whistle-blowers and provide protection against retaliation, organizations can encourage employees to come forward without fear.
Lastly, promoting a culture of ethical responsibility is vital for maximizing internal whistle-blowing. This involves fostering an environment where employees are encouraged to speak up about wrongdoing, where ethical behavior is valued, and where concerns are taken seriously and addressed promptly. By integrating ethics into organizational values and practices, employees are more likely to feel supported and empowered to blow the whistle on unethical or illegal activities.
Overall, whistle-blowing can be ethically justified when it uncovers significant harm or violations of laws and regulations, and it can be ethically obligated when there is a moral duty to address wrongdoing. To maximize internal whistle-blowing, organizations should establish clear reporting channels, protect whistle-blowers from retaliation, and promote a culture of ethical responsibility.
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If the percentage increase in price is 15% and the value of the price elasticity of demand is -3, then quantity demanded
a) will decrease by 5%
b) will increase by 45%
c) will increase by 5%
d) will decrease by 45%
The quantity demanded will decrease by 45%. So, the correct option is d.
The value of the price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price. A negative value indicates an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded, meaning that as the price increases, the quantity demanded decreases.
In this case, the price elasticity of demand is given as -3, which means that a 1% increase in price will result in a 3% decrease in quantity demanded. Since the percentage increase in price is 15%, we can calculate the percentage change in quantity demanded as:
Percentage change in quantity demanded = Price elasticity of demand * Percentage change in price
Percentage change in quantity demanded = -3 * 15%
Percentage change in quantity demanded = -45%
The negative sign indicates a decrease in quantity demanded. Therefore, the quantity demanded will decrease by 45% in response to a 15% increase in price.
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Teduie Construction made an investment in a machine that is used for road construction two years ago. Due to rapidly changing technology, a new machine is challenging this 2-year-old machine. The chief engineer at Teduie Construction has collected the following information relevant to the challenger: First cost: $50,000 Future market values: decreasing by 20% per year Estimated service life: 5 years Annual Operating Costs: $5000 in year 1, then increasing by $2000 per year thereafter Assuming i = 10%, determine the economic service life the challenger.
The chief engineer at Teduie Construction is evaluating a new machine that is challenging a 2-year-old machine used for road construction.
The relevant information includes the first cost of $50,000, future market values decreasing by 20% per year, estimated service life of 5 years, and annual operating costs starting at $5,000 and increasing by $2,000 per year. With an interest rate of 10%, the economic service life of the challenger needs to be determined.
To determine the economic service life of the challenger machine, we need to calculate the present worth of the costs associated with using the machine over its estimated service life. The future market values of the machine will be decreasing by 20% per year, and the operating costs will increase by $2,000 per year.
Using the interest rate of 10%, we calculate the present worth of the operating costs for each year and discount the future market values to their present worth.
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Better Restaurant Supply sells various equipment and supplies to restaurants in Hong Kong. The company’s accountant, Jenny, has request your help in preparing a cash budget for the month of June. Jenny provided the following information for you: The cash balance on 1 June was estimated to be $10,000. ActualsalesforAprilandMay,andbudgetedsalesforJune,areasfollows: Cash sales Sales on credit Total sales April $16,500 30,000 46,500 May $15,500 40,000 55,500 June $17,500 50,000 67,500 Sales on credit are collected over a two-month period, with 70 percent being collected in the month of sales and the remainder being collected in the following month. Inventory purchases are expected to be $35,000 in June. The company pays for inventory purchases in the month following purchase. The balance of May’s purchases is $22,000. Selling and administrative expenses are budgeted to be $14,000 for June. Of that amount, 50 percent is depreciation. Equipment costing $14,000 will be purchased in June for cash. Dividends in the amount of $3,140 will be paid. The company wants to maintain a minimum cash balance of $10,000 and has set up a line of credit at the local bank that can be used to cover any shortage. If the company must borrow, the loan will be made at the beginning of the month and any repayment will be made at the end of the month of repayment. The interest rate on these loans is 6% per quarter and is not compound. Partial payment is allowed but must be in an increment of $1,000. The company has borrowed $33,000 in May.
Required: Prepare a cash budget in proper format for Better Restaurant Supply for the month of June.
Cash budget for the month of June Cash balance on 1 June =$10,000Cash collection of Sales on CreditApril sales: 30,000 × 70% =$21,000May sales: 40,000 × 70% =$28,000June sales: 50,000 × 70% =$35,000Total cash sales: April sales: $16,500May sales: $15,500June sales: $17,500Total sales: April sales: $46,500May sales: $55,500June sales: $67,500Therefore, credit sales are as follows:
April sales: $16,500 × 30% =$4,950May sales: $40,000 × 30% =$12,000June sales: $50,000 × 30% =$15,000Hence, total collection from sales on credit: June credit sales $15,000April credit sales collected in June: $21,000 × 30% =$6,300May credit sales collected in June:
$28,000 × 100% =$28,000Total collection from sales on credit =$49,300Inventory purchases $35,000May balance $22,000Total inventory purchase =$57,000Selling and administrative expenses $14,000 (of which 50% is depreciation)Therefore, depreciation expense =$7,000Equipment purchase for cash $14,000Dividend paid =$3,140Minimum cash balance =$10,000Bank loan =$0Cash receipts:Total sales: $67,500Add:
Collection from credit sales: $49,300Total cash receipts =$116,800Cash disbursements:Total inventory purchases: $57,000Selling and administrative expenses: $7,000 + $14,000 (excluding depreciation) = $21,000Equipment purchase: $14,000Dividend paid: $3,140Total cash disbursements: $95,140Estimated excess of receipts over disbursements: $116,800 - $95,140 = $21,660This is the amount available for loan repayment or investment.
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PP.61 A small manufacturer of specialty welding equipment has developed a level production plan for the next four quarters, as seen below:
Supply/Demand Info Pre-Q1 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Forecast (demand) 4,600 4,600 3,680 6,440
Regular production 4,830 4,830 4,830 4,830
Subcontract production
Ending inventory
Hired employees 12
Fired employees
Total employees 30 42 42 42 42
Additional Information:
Capacity Information & Cost Variables
Production rate (units/employee/quarter) 115
Subcontractor capacity (units/quarter) 480
Regular production cost/unit $70
Holding cost/unit/quarter $14
Hiring cost/employee $980
Firing cost/employee $2,600
Subcontract cost/unit $105
What is the overall total cost for this production plan? (Display your answer to the nearest whole number.)
What is the total regular production cost for this production plan? (Display your answer to the nearest whole number.)
What is the total holding cost for this production plan? (Display your answer to the nearest whole number.)
What is the total hire cost for this production plan? (Display your answer to the nearest whole number.)
What is the total fire cost for this production plan? (Display your answer to the nearest whole number.)
PLEASE DISPLAY ANSWERS IN EXCEL
The overall total cost for the production plan is $730,898. The total regular production cost is $1,146,000. The total holding cost is $373,020. The total hire cost is $11,760. The total fire cost is $0.
To calculate the overall total cost for the production plan, we need to consider various cost components. The regular production cost is calculated by multiplying the regular production quantity by the regular production cost per unit. For each quarter, the regular production quantity is equal to the forecasted demand. Therefore, the total regular production cost is $1,146,000 ($70 per unit * 4,830 units per quarter). The holding cost is calculated by multiplying the ending inventory for each quarter by the holding cost per unit per quarter. The ending inventory is the difference between the regular production quantity and the forecasted demand. Therefore, the total holding cost is $373,020 ($14 per unit per quarter * (4,830 - 4,600) units for Q1 + $14 per unit per quarter * (4,830 - 3,680) units for Q2 + $14 per unit per quarter * (4,830 - 6,440) units for Q3). The hire cost is determined by multiplying the number of hired employees for each quarter by the hiring cost per employee. From the given information, 12 employees are hired for Q1, and no additional hiring is mentioned for the subsequent quarters. Therefore, the total hire cost is $11,760 ($980 per employee * 12 employees for Q1).
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Consider a palletizer at a bottling plant that has a first cost of $169,500, operating and maintenance costs of $19,775 per year, and an estimated net salvage value of $28,250 at the end of 30 years. Assume an interest rate of 8%. What is the annual equivalent cost of the investment if the planning horizon is 30 years?
O $33,629
O $34,582
O $36,137
O $39,697
Therefore, the annual equivalent cost of the investment, rounded to the nearest dollar, is $106,948.None of the provided options match the calculated result.
To calculate the annual equivalent cost of the investment, we can use the annual worth method. The formula for annual equivalent cost (AEC) is given by:
AEC = P - (S/A,i,n)
Where:
P = Initial cost
S = Net salvage value
A = Annual equivalent factor
i = Interest rate
n = Planning horizon (number of years)
Given:
Initial cost (P) = $169,500
Net salvage value (S) = $28,250
Interest rate (i) = 8%
Planning horizon (n) = 30 years
First, we need to calculate the annual equivalent factor (A) using the formula:
A = (i(1+i)^n) / ((1+i)^n - 1)
Substituting the values:
A = (0.08(1+0.08)^30) / ((1+0.08)^30 - 1)
A = 0.08 * 8.559637 / 6.674197
A ≈ 0.102252
Now, we can calculate the annual equivalent cost (AEC) using the formula:
AEC = P - (S/A,i,n)
AEC = $169,500 - ($28,250 / 0.102252)
AEC = $169,500 - $276,448.04
AEC ≈ -$106,948.04
Since the AEC is negative, we need to consider the absolute value, which is approximately $106,948.04.
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analyze the competitors price and compare it with your Chapman
ice cream company
Analyzing the competitors' prices is crucial for Chapman's ice cream company. By implementing these strategies, we can have a better understanding of our competitors and set a reasonable price for our products that will attract customers.
To analyze the competitors' prices and compare them with Chapman's ice cream company, the following strategies can be implemented:
Research the pricing of the competitors: It is essential to have information about the competitors' pricing so that we can set a reasonable price for our products. Analyze the pricing strategies of our competitors and check if their products have any additional features that justify their prices.Compare the quality of the products: Check the quality of the products of our competitors and compare them with our products. Ensure that our products are of high quality, and the price should be justified according to the quality.Evaluate the target market: Analyze the target market of our competitors and the demand for their products. Check if their prices are reasonable according to their target market and how we can develop our products to meet the demand of the target market.Compare the profit margins: Evaluate the profit margins of our competitors and check if they are similar to the profit margins of our products. Compare the pricing strategies of our competitors and check if they have any unique strategies that can benefit us.Know more about the competitors' prices
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A firm reports sales of $1,047,200.00, Cost of Goods (COGS) of $593,700.00, Selling and Administrative expense of $99,750.00, and depreciation expense of $224,225.00.
What is the gross profit for the firm?
What is the operating profit for the firm?
The firm's gross profit is $453,500.00. Its operating profit is $129,775.00.
Gross profit is defined as the difference between sales and the cost of goods sold. Hence, we can compute the gross profit for the firm by subtracting COGS from Sales. The gross profit for the firm is:
Gross profit = Sales - COGS
Gross profit = $1,047,200.00 - $593,700.00
Gross profit = $453,500.00
On the other hand, operating profit is computed as the difference between gross profit and selling and administrative expenses and depreciation expenses. The operating profit for the firm is:
Operating profit = Gross profit - (Selling and Administrative expense + Depreciation expense)
Operating profit = $453,500.00 - ($99,750.00 + $224,225.00)
Operating profit = $129,775.00
Therefore, the gross profit for the firm is $453,500.00, while the operating profit for the firm is $129,775.00.
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What are two reasons why Micromax was starting to struggle?
Micromax struggled due to intense competition from both domestic and international smartphone brands, as well as its failure to differentiate and innovate in its product offerings.
Micromax, an Indian smartphone brand, faced several challenges that led to its struggle in the market. Here are two reasons that contributed to its difficulties:
Intense Competition: Micromax faced intense competition from both domestic and international smartphone brands. The Indian market became highly competitive with the entry of Chinese smartphone manufacturers like Xiaomi, Oppo, and Vivo, who offered feature-rich devices at competitive prices.
These brands quickly gained popularity among Indian consumers, capturing a significant market share. Micromax struggled to match their product offerings, especially in terms of innovation, quality, and pricing strategy. This fierce competition eroded Micromax's market share and weakened its position in the industry.
Lack of Differentiation and Innovation: Micromax faced challenges in terms of product differentiation and innovation. The company failed to keep up with the rapidly evolving smartphone market and could not introduce compelling features or technologies that would attract consumers.
Micromax relied heavily on low-cost devices and entry-level smartphones, which limited its ability to cater to the changing demands of consumers who were seeking more advanced features and higher-end devices. The lack of innovation and failure to anticipate consumer preferences led to a decline in brand appeal and customer loyalty.
Additionally, Micromax faced issues related to inconsistent product quality, poor after-sales service, and limited distribution networks. These factors further impacted its reputation and weakened its ability to compete effectively.
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1. Briefly discuss what measuring inequality involves, and provide two examples for doing so. 2. Briefly compare and contrast the effects and outcomes of pushing too aggressively and pushing moderately for economic equality. 3. The gains from expanding trade are probably most important for the low-income economies in the world as opposed to the gains though trade benefiting the USA. Why might this be so? Offer at least three different reasons comparing and contrasting the USA economy with that of smaller nations.
Measuring inequality involves quantifying and assessing the disparities in income, wealth, or other socioeconomic indicators within a population. It aims to capture the distribution of resources and opportunities among individuals or groups.
Two commonly used measures of inequality are:
a) Gini coefficient: This measures income inequality on a scale from 0 to 1, where 0 represents perfect equality and 1 represents maximum inequality. It assesses the concentration of income or wealth within a society.
b) Theil index: This measures inequality by capturing the extent to which individuals or groups differ from the average in terms of income or other variables. It considers both within-group and between-group disparities.
Pushing too aggressively and pushing moderately for economic equality can have different effects and outcomes:
a) Pushing too aggressively: Aggressively pursuing economic equality can lead to unintended consequences. Excessive redistribution and stringent regulations may discourage productivity and innovation, disincentivizing individuals and businesses. This approach may result in reduced economic growth, decreased incentives for investment and entrepreneurship, and potential market inefficiencies.
b) Pushing moderately: Taking a moderate approach to economic equality can strike a balance between addressing disparities and maintaining incentives for economic activity. Moderate policies can aim to provide opportunities for upward mobility, invest in education and skills development, and create a social safety net. This approach can lead to a more equitable society while still encouraging economic growth and maintaining market efficiency.
The gains from expanding trade may be more important for low-income economies compared to the United States due to several reasons:
a) Comparative advantage: Low-income economies often have a comparative advantage in producing certain goods or services, such as labor-intensive products. By engaging in trade, they can specialize in these areas and benefit from economies of scale, leading to increased productivity and economic growth.
b) Market access: Access to larger and more developed markets, such as the U.S., can provide low-income economies with opportunities to export their goods and attract foreign investment. This can boost their export earnings, create jobs, and stimulate economic development.
c) Technology transfer and knowledge spillovers: Engaging in trade with more advanced economies can facilitate the transfer of technology, expertise, and knowledge. Low-income economies can benefit from adopting and adapting these innovations, which can contribute to their economic growth and development.
In contrast, the gains from trade for the United States may be less pronounced due to its already advanced and diversified economy. The U.S. has a well-developed industrial and service sector and a high standard of living. While trade can still bring benefits, the potential gains may be relatively smaller compared to low-income economies that have more room for catch-up growth and technological advancement.
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Boa City had the following fixed assets: Fixed Assets used in proprietary fund activities Fixed Assets used in general government activities Fixed Assets used in fiduciary fund activities $1,000,000 ..9,000,000 8,000,000 What consolidated amount should Boa report in its government-wide statement of net position? Multiple Choice $17,000,000 0 $9,000,000 O $18,000,000
Boa city should report a consolidated amount of $18,000,000 in its government-wide statement of net position.
to determine the consolidated amount that boa city should report in its government-wide statement of net position, we need to add up the fixed assets used in proprietary fund activities, fixed assets used in general government activities, and fixed assets used in fiduciary fund activities.
fixed assets used in proprietary fund activities = $1,000,000
fixed assets used in general government activities = $9,000,000
fixed assets used in fiduciary fund activities = $8,000,000
consolidated amount = fixed assets used in proprietary fund activities + fixed assets used in general government activities + fixed assets used in fiduciary fund activities
consolidated amount = $1,000,000 + $9,000,000 + $8,000,000
consolidated amount = $18,000,000
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economies of scope multiple choice are cost reductions that flow from operating in multiple related businesses. arise only from strategic fit relationships in the production portions of the value chains of sister businesses. are more associated with unrelated diversification than related diversification. are present whenever diversification satisfies the attractiveness test and the cost-of-entry test. arise mainly from strategic-fit relationships in the distribution portions of the value chains of unrelated businesses.
Economies of scope are cost reductions that result from operating in multiple related businesses. They can be observed in various business situations such as strategic business units, mergers and acquisitions, and expansion into new markets and product lines.
The step-by-step explanation for economies of scope is as follows:
Sharing of Resources: By operating in multiple related businesses, companies can share resources such as production facilities, distribution networks, and administrative functions. This sharing allows for more efficient utilization of resources and cost savings.
Knowledge and Capabilities: Operating in multiple businesses provides opportunities for companies to leverage their knowledge and capabilities across different product lines or geographic markets. This sharing of knowledge and capabilities can lead to improved processes, innovation, and overall cost reductions.
Leveraging Existing Supply Chains and Distribution Networks: Companies can benefit from economies of scope by leveraging their existing supply chains and distribution networks. This can result in cost savings through bulk purchasing, optimized logistics, and reduced transportation costs.
Shared Research and Development Costs: Operating in multiple businesses allows companies to share research and development costs. This collaboration can lead to faster innovation, shared learning, and reduced R&D expenses.
Brand Recognition and Customer Loyalty: Companies with a strong brand presence and customer loyalty can capitalize on economies of scope. By introducing new products or entering new markets under an established brand, companies can leverage their existing customer base and brand recognition, reducing marketing and promotional costs.
In summary, economies of scope enable businesses to achieve cost savings and gain a competitive advantage by sharing resources, knowledge, and capabilities across multiple related businesses. This strategic approach can lead to improved efficiency, innovation, and increased profitability.
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A cost that changes in total in proportion to changes in volume of activity is a(n): Multiple Choice Variable cost. 0 Differential cost 0 Incremental cost. 0 Product cost 0 Fixed cost
A cost that changes in total in proportion to changes in volume of activity is a option a)variable cost.
Variable cost refers to the direct cost of generating goods or providing services that varies in proportion to a company's output level or business activity. This means that variable costs fluctuate as a result of changes in output levels or business activity. This cost is calculated on a per-unit basis, which means that the cost per unit varies with the number of units produced. Labor, raw materials, and direct expenses, such as utilities, are all examples of variable costs. Variable expenses also include costs like variable overhead, variable material costs, variable labor costs, and variable direct material costs. It's usually computed on a per-unit basis.
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The accounts to be debited in the closing entries at year-end include Select one: O a. Accumulated Depreciation, Purchases, Freight-In O b. Freight-Out, Purchase Returns, Purchases O c. Purchase Returns, Purchase Discounts, Interest Revenue O d. Prepaid Expense, Depreciation Expense, Freight-Out O e. Depreciation Expense, Purchases, Sales Returns
The correct answer is d.prepaid expense, depreciation expense, freight-out.
the correct for the accounts to be debited in the closing entries at year-end is:
d. prepaid expense, depreciation expense, freight-out
closing entries are made at the end of the accounting period to transfer the balances of temporary accounts (revenue, expense, and dividend accounts) to the retained earnings or owner's equity account. the purpose of closing entries is to reset the temporary accounts to zero and prepare them for the next accounting period.
based on the given s, the accounts to be debited in the closing entries at year-end include:
- prepaid expense: prepaid expenses are assets that have been paid for in advance but have not yet been used or consumed. they are adjusted and closed to reflect the portion of the prepaid expenses that have been used during the period.
- depreciation expense: depreciation expense represents the allocation of the cost of long-term assets (such as buildings or equipment) over their useful lives. depreciation expense is closed to reset the accumulated depreciation and start a new period.
- freight-out: freight-out represents the cost of shipping goods to customers. it is an expense account that needs to be closed at year-end.
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. For which of the following medical services is the income elasticity of demand likely to be the smallest?
a. face‐lifts
b. plastic surgery
c. manicures
d. emergency services after a car accident
e. hair transplants
Among the given options, the medical service for which the income elasticity of demand is likely to be the smallest is "emergency services after a car accident". correct answer is option d.
The income elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a product or service to changes in income. When the income elasticity of demand is smaller, it indicates that the demand for the service is less sensitive to changes in income.
Emergency services after a car accident are necessary in critical situations where immediate medical attention is required. The demand for these services is driven primarily by the urgency and severity of the situation rather than the income level of individuals. Regardless of income fluctuations, individuals are likely to seek emergency medical services when they encounter a car accident or other life-threatening situations.
Therefore, the income elasticity of demand for emergency services after a car accident is expected to be small, indicating a relatively low sensitivity to changes in income. correct answer is option d.
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explain the overall impact of appreaciation of dollar on
inflation and economic growth.
Require about 200 words. DO NOT COPY AND PASTE. please be
precise to the question and answer in OWN WORDS.
The appreciation of a country's currency, such as the dollar, can have both direct and indirect impacts on inflation and economic growth.
Firstly, an appreciation of the dollar makes imports cheaper. When the value of the currency increases, it takes fewer dollars to purchase the same amount of foreign goods. Cheaper imports can lead to lower prices for consumers, resulting in lower inflationary pressures. This is because imported goods become more affordable, and domestic producers may also lower their prices to remain competitive. However, if the country relies heavily on imports for essential goods or raw materials, an appreciation of the currency may increase production costs, potentially leading to inflationary pressures.
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The following data relates to the Mass Company's first operating period. Calculate the total cost of goods sold for each product.
Cost/unit
Units
Product
Direct Materials
Direct Labor
Produced
Ending Inventory
Overhead rate (Percent of Direct Labor cost)
1
$20
$12
250
115
70%
2
12
15
380
180
35%
3
24
10
350
200
The direct materials cost is 20 per unit and the produced unit is 250, therefore the total cost of direct materials would be 20*250 = 5,000.Direct labor costs per unit is $12, and the produced unit is 250, therefore the total cost of direct labor would be 12*250 = $3,000.
The total cost of direct materials and direct labor would be 5000+3000 = $8,000. Overhead cost is 70% of the direct labor cost of $3,000, hence the overhead cost would be 70/100 * 3000 = $2,100.
The direct materials cost is 12 per unit and the produced unit is 380, therefore the total cost of direct materials would be 12*380 = $4,560.
Direct labor costs per unit is $15, and the produced unit is 380, therefore the total cost of direct labor would be 15*380 = $5,700. Overhead cost is 35% of the direct labor cost of $5,700.
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Jasmine and Daughters (USD) manufactures and sell swimsuits. The company is a well-known Australian family business that has operated for over 30 years and prides itself on an ethical vision and sustainable business practices. J&D) has won many prestigious awards in this regard. The swimsuits sell for $40 each and estimated income statement for 2022 is as follows: Sales $2,000,000 Variable costs 1,100,000 Contribution margin 900,000 Fixed costs 765,000 Pre-tax profit 135,000 REQUIRED: 1. Calculate the contribution margin per swimsuit and the number of swimsuits that must be sold to break even. 2. What is the margin of safety in the number of swimsuits? [1 point] 3. Suppose the margin of safety was 5000 swimsuits in 2021. Are operations more or less risky in 2022 as compared to 2021? Explain. 4. Calculate the contribution margin ratio and the breakeven point in revenues. [2 points) 5. Suppose next year's revenue estimate is $200 000 higher. What would be the estimated pre-tax profit? [1 point] 6. If next year, foxed cost is estimated to increase by $54,000, how many swimsuits should they sell to earn a pre-tax profit of $216.000? 7. The company's management accountant is concerned with a recent drop in the price of fabric from one of its new fabric suppliers and has heard a rumour that the supplier may be employing child labour to remain competitive. Outline and explain three actions Jasmine and Daughters could take to address this sustainability issue. Refer to the role of the management accountant in your response
1. The contribution margin per swimsuit and the number of swimsuits that must be sold to break even are as follows: Contribution margin per swimsuit= $40 - $22 = $18
Contribution margin ratio = $18/$40 = 45% Number of swimsuits that must be sold to break even = Fixed costs/Contribution margin per unit= $765,000/$18 = 42,500 swimsuits
2. The margin of safety in the number of swimsuits is as follows: Margin of safety in units = Actual sales - Break-even sales= 50,000 - 42,500 = 7,500 swimsuits
3. The operations are less risky in 2022 as compared to 2021 because the margin of safety in units has increased, indicating that the company has more cushion in terms of sales volume to offset any potential losses.
4. The contribution margin ratio and the breakeven point in revenues are as follows: Contribution margin ratio = 45% Breakeven point in revenues = Fixed costs/Contribution margin ratio= $765,000/0.45 = $1,700,0005. The estimated pre-tax profit would be as follows: New estimated revenue = $2,200,000Contribution margin = 45% x $2,200,000 = $990,000
Fixed costs = $765,000 Pre-tax profit = $990,000 - $765,000 = $225,0006. The number of swimsuits they should sell to earn a pre-tax profit of $216,000 would be as follows: Fixed costs + Target profit = $765,000 + $216,000 = $981,000 Contribution margin per unit = $40 - $22 = $18 Number of swimsuits they should sell = ($981,000/$18) = 54,500 swimsuits
7. Jasmine and Daughters can take the following three actions to address the sustainability issue related to child labor in the fabric supply chain: Conduct an audit of the supplier to investigate the claim of child labor and take appropriate actions if the claim is found to be true, such as terminating the contract with the supplier and sourcing fabrics from a supplier that adheres to ethical labor practices.
Conduct an ongoing review of the supplier's labor practices and working conditions to ensure that they are aligned with J&D's ethical vision and sustainable business practices. This can be done by establishing a code of conduct for suppliers and monitoring supplier performance against these standards.
Appoint a sustainability manager who will be responsible for overseeing sustainability issues in the company's operations and supply chain. This person will work closely with the management accountant to ensure that the company's sustainability objectives are integrated into its financial planning and decision-making processes.
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What is the value for a country's economy and/or politics of
having gender equality? What concrete policies would you introduce
to achieve gender equality? *Paragraphs please*** thank you
Gender equality refers to a state in which people of all genders have equal access to opportunities, resources, and rights. This is a crucial issue for a country's economic and political development.
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what makes the incentive market different from the corporate market in general?
The incentive market and the corporate market are distinct in terms of their underlying objectives and focus.
The incentive market primarily revolves around motivating and rewarding individuals or groups to achieve specific goals, often through incentive programs or schemes.
aims to drive desired behaviors, increase employee engagement, and enhance performance by offering rewards, recognition, or incentives. The incentive market often focuses on non-cash rewards such as travel experiences, gift cards, or merchandise as incentives.
On the other hand, the corporate market encompasses a broader range of activities and transactions within the business world. It involves the buying and selling of goods, services, and investments in the corporate sector. This includes activities such as production, marketing, sales, procurement, and financial transactions.
The primary distinction between the two lies in their respective purposes. The incentive market focuses on motivating individuals or teams within an organization to achieve specific targets, while the corporate market addresses the overall commercial activities of businesses.
In summary, the incentive market is a specialized segment within the broader corporate market that specifically caters to incentivizing and rewarding individuals or groups to drive desired behaviors and achieve goals.
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Describe 6 examples of green logistics that small businesses and retailers can use to achieve business excellence and sustainability.
For example,
1.The environmental safety of "green" refrigeration equipment is ensured using carbon refrigerants which are safe for the ozone layer as coolers. The chemical has no hazardous impact on the environment.
2. Thermoregulators can independently program the operating mode of the equipment, by the traffic and opening hours of the outlet. Best use of energy while maintaining the temperature inside the transportation.
Here are six examples of green logistics practices that small businesses and retailers can adopt to achieve business excellence and sustainability:
Sustainable Packaging: Using eco-friendly materials for packaging, such as recycled or biodegradable materials, can help reduce waste and minimize the environmental impact of packaging materials.
Route Optimization: Implementing route optimization software or systems can help businesses plan and optimize delivery routes, reducing mileage, fuel consumption, and emissions.
Collaboration and Consolidation: Small businesses can collaborate with other retailers or logistics providers to consolidate shipments, reducing the number of vehicles on the road and improving overall efficiency.
Last-Mile Delivery Solutions: Exploring alternative delivery options such as electric vehicles, bicycles, or even utilizing local pick-up points can help reduce carbon emissions associated with last-mile delivery.
Reverse Logistics: Establishing a system for product returns and recycling can help minimize waste and extend the lifecycle of products, reducing the environmental impact of the supply chain.
Energy Efficiency: Implementing energy-efficient practices in warehouses and distribution centers, such as LED lighting, smart energy management systems, and optimizing equipment usage, can help reduce energy consumption and lower carbon emissions.
By incorporating these green logistics practices, small businesses and retailers can contribute to sustainability goals, reduce costs, and enhance their reputation as environmentally responsible organizations.
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DIMSDALE SPORTS COMPANY Balance Sheet December 31 Assets Cash Accounts receivable Inventory Equipment Less: Accumulated depreciation Total assets Liabilities and Equity Liabilities Accounts payable Loan payable Taxes payable (due March 15) Equity Common stock Retained earnings Total liabilities and equity $ 624,000 78,000 $ 380,000 12,000 88,000 $ 473,500 224,000 $ 21,500 520,000 90,000 546,000 $ 1,177,500 480,000 697,500 $ 1,177,500
To prepare a master budget for January, February, and March, use the following information.
The company’s single product is purchased for $20 per unit and resold for $57 per unit. The inventory level of 4,500 units on December 31 is more than management’s desired level, which is 20% of the next month’s budgeted sales units. Budgeted sales are January, 7,250 units; February, 8,500 units; March, 10,750 units; and April, 11,000 units. All sales are on credit.
Cash receipts from sales are budgeted as follows: January, $243,975; February, $727,593; March, $504,522.
Cash payments for merchandise purchases are budgeted as follows: January, $65,000; February, $332,800; March, $107,000.
Sales commissions equal to 20% of sales dollars are paid each month. Sales salaries (excluding commissions) are $8,000 per month.
General and administrative salaries are $13,000 per month. Maintenance expense equals $2,100 per month and is paid in cash.
New equipment purchases are budgeted as follows: January, $33,600; February, $98,400; and March, $26,400. Budgeted depreciation expense is January, $ 6,850; February, $7,875; and March, $8,150.
The company budgets a land purchase at the end of March at a cost of $155,000, which will be paid with cash on the last day of the month.
The company has an agreement with its bank to obtain additional loans as needed. The interest rate is 1% per month and interest is paid at each month-end based on the beginning-month balance. Partial or full payments on these loans are made on the last day of the month. The company maintains a minimum ending cash balance of $21,500 at the end of each month.
The income tax rate for the company is 37%. Income taxes on the first quarter’s income will not be paid until April 15.
Required:
Prepare a master budget for the months of January, February, and March that has the following budgets:
1. Sales budgets.
2. Merchandise purchases budgets.
3. Selling expense budgets.
4. General and administrative expense budgets. Hint: Depreciation is included in the general and administrative budget for merchandisers.
5. Capital expenditures budgets.
6. Cash budgets.
7. Budgeted income statement for entire quarter (not monthly) ended March 31.
8. Budgeted balance sheet as of March 31.
The following are the budgets to prepare for the months of January, February, and March:
Budgeted Income Statement
Beginning inventory$ 380,000
Add: Purchases1,226,000
Here : Goods available for sale1,606,000Less: Ending inventory380,000Cost of goods sold1,226,000Gross profit$ 874,000Less:
Operating expenses: Salaries and wages $ 170,000
Rent: 42,000
Utilities: 14,000
Depreciation 22,000Total operating expenses$ 248,000
Net income$ 626,000
Budgeted Cash Collections
DIMS SPORTS COMPANY
Budgeted Cash :Budgeted Purchases
DIMS SPORTS COMPANY
Budgeted Purchases: Cost of goods sold40000
Accounts payable$ 26,400Loan payable90,000Taxes payable (due March 15)2,000Total current liabilities118,400Equity:Common stock$ 520,000
Retained earnings: 344,900
Total equity: 864,900
Total liabilities and equity$ 983,300
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What is the value today of receiving $1,527.00 per year forever?
Assume the first payment is made 6.00 years from today and the
discount rate is 15.00%. Answer format: Currency: Round to: 2
decimal place
To determine the present value of receiving $1,527.00 per year forever, we need to calculate the present value of an infinite cash flow using the perpetuity formula.
The formula for the present value of a perpetuity is:
Present Value = Annual Cash Flow / Discount Rate
In this case, the annual cash flow is $1,527.00, and the discount rate is 15.00%. We also need to account for the fact that the first payment will be received 6.00 years from today.
Present Value = $1,527.00 / (1 + 0.15)^6
Calculating this using a calculator or a spreadsheet:
Present Value = $1,527.00 / (1.15^6)
Present Value ≈ $1,527.00 / 1.98466
Present Value ≈ $769.77
Therefore, the present value of receiving $1,527.00 per year forever, with the first payment 6.00 years from today and a discount rate of 15.00%, is approximately $769.77.
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Liam works for Lamneth Technology and is a member of its defined benefit registered pension plan. The RPP is a final-earnings plan where a 1.5% unit percentage is applied to the average of the final three years of pensionable service. Liam intends to retire on December 31st of this year at which time he would have accumulated 26 years of pensionable service with Lamneth. If the money purchase limit is $27,230, what is the MAXIMUM annual pension benefit Liam can expect to receive? The table indicates the level of earnings for Liam for the past ten years: Number of Years Prior to Retirement Earnings 10 years ago $47,100 9 years ago $48,650 8 years ago $50,240 7 years ago. $53,635 6 years ago $55,700 5 years ago $57,930 4 years ago $59,500 3 years ago $64,825 2 years ago $67,900 1 year ago $71,160 this year $73,395 a) $27,230.00 Ob) $27,619.15 Oc) $64,855.56 d) $70,818.33
Liam works for Lamneth Technology and is a member of its defined benefit registered pension plan. The RPP is a final-earnings plan where a 1.5% unit percentage is applied to the average of the final three years of pensionable service. The correct answer is option b.
Liam intends to retire on December 31st of this year at which time he would have accumulated 26 years of pensionable service with Lamneth. If the money purchase limit is $27,230, the MAXIMUM annual pension benefit Liam can expect to receive is $27,619.15. Here’s how to calculate the maximum annual pension benefit Liam can expect to receive.
Step 1: Calculate the average salary for the final three years of pensionable service. This is calculated as follows:(1/3)[$67,900 + $71,160 + $73,395] = $70,151.67
Step 2: Calculate the maximum pension per year Liam can receive by multiplying the average salary of the final three years by 1.5% and multiplying that amount by years of service. This is calculated as follows:$70,151.67 × 1.5% × 26 = $27,619.15. Therefore, the correct answer is option (b) $27,619.15.
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Jane's monthly gross income is $4,000 and her consumer debt payments are $400 per month. Given a GDS norm of 32 percent and a TDS norm of 40 percent, what is the most she could pay on mortgage-related
Jane's maximum mortgage-related payment can be calculated based on the Gross Debt Service (GDS) and Total Debt Service (TDS) norms. The GDS norm sets a limit on the percentage of Jane's gross income that can be used for housing expenses, including mortgage payments, property taxes, and heating costs. The TDS norm, on the other hand, limits the percentage of her gross income that can be allocated to all debt payments, including housing expenses, consumer debts, and other loans.
Jane's gross income is $4,000 per month, and her consumer debt payments are $400 per month. The GDS norm is 32 percent, and the TDS norm is 40 percent. To calculate the most she could pay on mortgage-related expenses, we need to determine the maximum allowable amount for both GDS and TDS.
For GDS, the maximum allowable housing expenses would be 32 percent of her gross income:
GDS = 32% * $4,000 = $1,280
For TDS, the maximum allowable debt payments, including housing expenses, would be 40 percent of her gross income:
TDS = 40% * $4,000 = $1,600
Since Jane's consumer debt payments are already $400 per month, the maximum amount she could pay on mortgage-related expenses would be the difference between the GDS and TDS calculations:
Maximum mortgage-related payment = TDS - consumer debt payments
= $1,600 - $400
= $1,200
Therefore, the most Jane could pay on mortgage-related expenses is $1,200 per month based on the given GDS and TDS norms, her gross income, and current consumer debt payments.
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Udala Uke's had the following transactions involving notes payable.
July 1. 2021 Nov, 1. 2021 Borrows $42,000 from First National Bank by signing a nine-month, 8% note.
NOv 1. 2021 Borrows $50,400 from Interprovincial Bank by signing a three-month, 6% note. Prepares annual year-end adjusting entries.
Dec. 31, 2021
Feb. 1. 2022 Pays principal and interest to Interprovincial Bank.
Apr. 1, 2022 Pays principal and interest to First National Bank,
Prepare journal entries for each of the transactions. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter O for the amounts. Record journal entries in the order presented in the problem.)
The journal entries for each of the transactions are as follows:Journal Entries for transaction 1:DateAccount Titles and ExplanationDebitCreditJul. 1, 2021Notes Payable42,000Cash42,000(Journal entry to record borrowing of $42,000 on a 9-month, 8% note)Journal Entries for transaction 2:DateAccount Titles and ExplanationDebitCreditNov. 1, 2021Notes Payable50,400Cash50,400(Journal entry to record borrowing of $50,400 on a 3-month, 6% note)Journal Entries for transaction 3:DateAccount Titles and ExplanationDebitCreditDec. 31, 2021Interest Expense2,520Interest Payable2,520(Journal entry to record accrued interest on notes payable as of December 31, 2021)Journal Entries for transaction 4:DateAccount Titles and ExplanationDebitCreditFeb. 1, 2022Notes Payable50,400Interest Payable840Cash51,240(Journal entry to record payment of principal and interest to Interprovincial Bank on February 1, 2022)Journal Entries for transaction 5:DateAccount Titles and ExplanationDebitCreditApr. 1, 2022Notes Payable42,000Interest Payable2,240Cash44,240(Journal entry to record payment of principal and interest to First National Bank on April 1, 2022)Note: Interest on each of the notes is calculated as follows:Note 1: $42,000 x 8% x (9/12) = $2,520Note 2: $50,400 x 6% x (3/12) = $1,512 + $840 (accrued interest at December 31, 2021) = $2,352Therefore, the total interest paid on both notes is $4,872 ($2,520 + $2,352).
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Discuss how your attitude about a product or service impacts your
buying decision. What or who influenced you? How did your attitude
about the product determine the value of the product or service?
Di
Your attitude about a product or service plays a significant role in your buying decision. It is shaped by a combination of personal beliefs, experiences, perceptions, and external influences. Your attitude can determine whether you view a product or service positively or negatively, and it can greatly impact the value you assign to it.
Several factors can influence your attitude towards a product or service. Personal experiences and interactions with the product, such as using it yourself or hearing about others' experiences, can shape your perception. Marketing and advertising also play a crucial role in influencing your attitude through persuasive messaging, endorsements, and social proof.
Additionally, opinions and recommendations from friends, family, or online reviews can impact your attitude towards a product. Social influence and word-of-mouth can create positive or negative associations, influencing your perception of value.
Your attitude about a product or service directly affects how you perceive its value. If you have a positive attitude, you are more likely to see the product as valuable and worth the investment. On the other hand, a negative attitude can lead to a perception of lower value or even a complete dismissal of the product.
For example, if you have a positive attitude towards a particular brand of smartphones due to their durability, performance, and positive reviews from trusted sources, you may be willing to pay a higher price for that product. Conversely, if you have a negative attitude towards a brand based on poor experiences or negative reviews, you may view the product as having lower value and be less willing to invest in it.
Ultimately, your attitude about a product or service is subjective and can vary from person to person. It is important to critically evaluate your attitudes and consider how they may influence your buying decisions, ensuring that you make informed choices that align with your needs and preferences.
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A corporate bond pays interest annually and has 3 years to
maturity, a face value of $1,000 and a coupon rate of 3.6%. The
bond's current price is $1,000. It is callable at a call price of
$1,050 in one year
To determine the bond's yield to call (YTC), we need to calculate the yield that an investor would earn if the bond is called at the earliest possible date. In this case, the bond can be called in one year at a call price of $1,050.
To calculate the YTC, we can follow these steps:
Calculate the annual interest payment:
Annual Interest Payment = Coupon Rate * Face Value
Annual Interest Payment = 0.036 * $1,000 = $36
Determine the cash flows from the bond until the call date:
Year 1: Receive the annual interest payment of $36
Year 2: Receive the annual interest payment of $36
Year 3: Receive the annual interest payment of $36 and the face value of $1,000 if the bond is not called, or the call price of $1,050 if the bond is called.
Calculate the present value of these cash flows using the bond's current price of $1,000 and solve for the yield to call (YTC).
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, the YTC is found to be approximately 3.47%.
Therefore, the bond's yield to call (YTC) is approximately 3.47%.
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Alpha Bank has $100,000 in total assets and $45,000 in total liabilities. Beta Bank has $250,000 in total assets and $220,000 in total liabilities. If Beta Bank is faced with a bank run, what must it do? A. Invest more of its shortterm assets in longterm assets to protect them B. Not pay out the deposits that are being withdrawn C. Rely on the FDIC to pay out the withdrawn deposits D. Liquidate its longterm, illiquid assets
Alpha Bank has $100,000 in total assets and $45,000 in total liabilities. Beta Bank has $250,000 in total assets and $220,000 in total liabilities.
During bank run, a bank customer may withdraw their money in a large amount. It occurs due to panic in the bank that it may collapse. When bank run occurs, Beta Bank must not pay out the deposits that are being withdrawn. Option B is the main answer. To prevent such events from occurring, banks must take precautions.
Option A is not correct because it may cause long-term harm to the bank's solvency. Option C is not correct because the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) will not cover the withdrawal of large sums of money. Option D is not correct because it can take a long time to liquidate long-term assets.
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Pearson Endless Crisis in Venezuela FRANCE 24 VENEZUELA Endless crisis WHAT REALLY HAPPENED HOCK ANGALA Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Reflection Questions: 1) Summarize the stories covered on the video clips. ANSWER: Reflection Questions: (2) In your own words, what led to the crisis in Venezuela? Why? What future awaits the country?
The video clips cover the endless crisis in Venezuela, focusing on the factors that led to the crisis and the current state of the country. The crisis has been characterized by economic collapse, hyperinflation, political instability, and social unrest.
Venezuela's crisis can be attributed to a combination of factors. One of the main causes is the mismanagement of the country's economy and overdependence on oil revenues. Venezuela heavily relied on oil exports, and when oil prices plummeted, it severely impacted the country's economy. Additionally, corruption, economic mismanagement, and government policies led to a decline in productivity, shortages of basic goods and services, and widespread poverty.
Political factors also played a significant role in the crisis. The consolidation of power by President Nicolás Maduro and the erosion of democratic institutions led to protests, social unrest, and political polarization. The international community has been divided on recognizing Maduro's government, further complicating the situation.
The future of Venezuela remains uncertain. The country continues to face significant challenges, including economic collapse, political instability, humanitarian crises, and mass emigration. The resolution of the crisis requires political and economic reforms, as well as international support to address the underlying issues and rebuild the country's institutions.
In summary, the crisis in Venezuela is a result of a combination of factors, including economic mismanagement, overdependence on oil, corruption, political instability, and social unrest. The future of the country is uncertain, but it will require comprehensive reforms and international support to overcome the challenges and rebuild its economy and institutions.
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The Short-run Aggregate supply (AS) slopes up, because _______________________________________, firms have an incentive to produce more to earn higher profits.
Select the correct answer below:
as the price level for outputs falls, with the price of inputs remaining fixed
as the price level for outputs rises, with the price of inputs remaining fixed
as the price level for outputs rises, with the price of inputs rising too
as the price level for outputs falls, with the price of inputs increasing
The Short-run Aggregate supply (AS) slopes up, because as the price level for outputs rises, with the price of inputs remaining fixed, firms have an incentive to produce more to earn higher profits.The correct option is "as the price level for outputs rises, with the price of inputs remaining fixed.
"Explanation:Short-run aggregate supply (SAS) is a measure that assesses the current level of total output given the present capital and labor constraints in the economy. Short-run aggregate supply refers to the production of goods and services using current market rates of input and output. As a result, this is the aggregate supply that is accessible in the immediate term. The short-run aggregate supply curve illustrates the relationship between the price level and the quantity of aggregate production. When the price level rises, the short-run aggregate supply (AS) slopes up because businesses have an incentive to create more to earn higher profits. When businesses produce more, employment rates rise, boosting disposable income, and increasing consumer expenditure. Higher production levels lead to lower prices, which lead to higher consumer demand, ultimately resulting in higher profits for businesses. Therefore, as the price level for outputs rises, with the price of inputs remaining fixed, firms have an incentive to produce more to earn higher profits.
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