Define viral plaque forming unit .

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

A plaque-forming unit (PFU) is a measure used in virology to describe the number of virus particles capable of forming plaques per unit volume


Related Questions

Close breeding and line-breeding are a part of what type of straight breeding system?

A: Crossbreeding
B: Grading up
C: Inbreeding
D: Outcrossing

Answers

Close breeding and line-breeding are a part of the inbreeding system. Inbreeding refers to the cross between relatives.

Inbreeding refers to the genetic breeding system which involved the cross between relatives.

Close breeding and line-breeding are a part of the inbreeding system and these techniques involve the obtention of pure (homo-zygous) lines.

Autogamous plants show better phenotypic features when they are pure (homo-zygous) lines.

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Explain how each of the following could lead to the reemergence of malaria in the United States: (a) global warming, (b) increased travel of individuals from endemic regions to the United States, (c) increased immigration of individuals from endemic regions to the United States, and (d) laws protecting wetlands.

Answers

Answer:

(b) increased travel of individuals from endemic regions to the United States,

The possible reason that lead to the reemergence of malaria in the United States is increased travel of individuals from endemic regions to the United States. The correct option is b.

What is malaria?

Malaria is a potentially fatal disease caused by a parasite that infects a specific type of mosquito that feeds on humans. Malaria typically causes severe illness, including high fevers, shaking chills, and flu-like symptoms.

Malaria is typically transmitted through the bite of an infective female Anopheles mosquito. Only Anopheles mosquitos can transmit malaria, and they must have previously been infected through a blood meal taken from an infected person.

It has been determined that mosquitoes become infectious more quickly, resulting in increased malaria transmission and increased travel from endemic regions to the United States.

Thus, the correct option is b.

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Explain what TWO forces cause Earth’s water to bulge?

Answers

Answer:

Gravity and inertia act in opposition on the Earth's oceans, creating tidal bulges on opposite sites of the planet. On the “near” side of the Earth (the side facing the moon), the gravitational force of the moon pulls the ocean's waters toward it, creating one bulge.

In the series of words given below, which of the following words is not categorized with the others?
superstructure - supervene - superstar - Supemova - supertanker
Select the single best answer:
e
A. superstructure
B. supervene
C. superstar
D. supernova
E supertanker

Answers

Answer:

I think its supernova

Explanation:

the choices a b c and e are all something more of something that exists. Ex) Super star is a star that is Super! But a Supernova is just a Supernova. There is no nova that is Super.

I hope this helps.

Supernova is the series of words given below, which of the following words is not categorized with the others.

What is Supernova?

A star that has reached the end of its life and bursts in a bright flash of light is what is known as a supernova.

Supernovae have the ability to briefly outshine entire galaxies and emit more energy in a single second than the sun does in its entire lifetime. Additionally, they are the universe's main supplier of heavy materials. Supernovae are "the greatest explosion that occurs in space," according to NASA.

Supernovae were noted by numerous cultures before the telescope was created in the 17th century. According to NASA's records, this "guest star" was visible in the sky for eight months.

Therefore, Supernova is the series of words given below, which of the following words is not categorized with the others.

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Which kingdom consists of only heterotrophic organisms? A. Bacteria B. Protista C. Fungi D. Plantae​

Answers

Answer:

FUNGI

Explanation:

I did the quiz

HELPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
HELPPPPP

Answers

Answer: 99% sure its 50

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

I think 100

Explain the difference between the inner core and outer core. What Earthly feature do they produce that protects Earth from solar weather?

Answers

The Earth core has two layers: the outer core, and the inner core. Moreover, the magnetic field protects Earth from solar weather.

The Earth's magnetic field is an invisible layer that protects life from the majority of the solar wind blast.

The magnetic field covers us from charged solar particles that crash into it and then flow around it.

Moreover, the Earth core has two layers: the outer core and the inner core, which are separated by a boundary known as the Bullen discontinuity.

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Which of the following best describes the cellular location where pyruvate dehydrogenase is most likely active?
(A) The cytosol
(B) The lysosomes
(C) The nucleus
(D) The mitochondrial matrix

Answers

The organelle where cellular respiration where pyruvate dehydrogenase is most likely active is; Choice D: The mitochondrial matrix.

Discussion:

In eukaryotes, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, like the enzymes for citric acid cycle and oxidation of fatty acids, is located in the mitochondrial complex, where is associated with the surface of the inner membrane facing the matrix.

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Antibodies, lymphocytes, B
cells, and T cells are all a part
of which type of immune
system defense?

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

specific immune defense system

Guys how to convince my dad to give me money

Answers

Answer:

hey dad can i have some money

if he says no

then no

Explanation:

Answer:

First ask for a small amount than right after he gives you the small amount ask for a bigger amount

This trick works all the time

Explanation:

What determines whether an crop is a spring annual,
summer annual, or winter annual?

Answers

Agriculture  is commonly described as the science or art of farming. What determines them is climate, temperature, cold, if seed can be sown outdoors in the spring , the ability to withstand early spring and fall frosts and winter temperatures.

Summer annual crops are known to germinate, flower, produce seed, and die by frost amidst the warmer months of the year.

Winter annuals often sprout in the late summer and autumn, it is known to be dormant during the winter, and grow during the next spring and summer. its young winter annual plants live through the winter then flower, set seed and die out the following summer.

Winter annuals often bloom in winter or spring. They grows in very low to the ground. Examples are henbit, deadnettle, chickweed etc. Spring annuals are known to sprout early in the spring.

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Can you use evidence of evolution found in individuals of a population?

Answers

Answer:

Individual organisms don't evolve. Populations evolve.

Explanation:

Because individuals in a population vary, some in the population are better able to survive and reproduce given a particular set of environmental conditions

1
Which two ways do the black-tailed jackrabbit and the kit fox interact with the
desert environment?
Select two correct answers.
A
Black-tailed Jackrabbits and Kit Foxes interact with the desert
environment by providing food for plants.
Black-tailed Jackrabbits and Kit Foxes use water and air from the
environment to survive.
B
>
с
Black-tailed Jackrabbits and Kit Foxes obtain energy from consuming
other organisms.
Black-tailed Jackrabbits and Kit Foxes consume plants but do not
need the environment for survival
D
E
Black-tailed Jackrabbits and Kit Foxes meet their needs in their
environment by eating only plants for food.

Answers

Answer:

b

Explanation:

Need help with this biology pedigree question.

Answers

Check the comment under this

what valve separates two chambers and how do they function by preventing the
blood to go to what direction?

Answers

Answer:

bicuspid and tricuspid valve

Explanation:

Tricuspid valve separates right auricle and ventrical whereas bicuspid separates left auricle and ventrical.

they help by preventing the back flow of the blood by avoiding them to go to the position where they came from.

What type of species has an
impact on the ecosystem that is
greater than its numbers?
A. a keystone species
B. a non-native species
C. an invasive species

Answers

Answer:

I think it would be C

Explanation:

Invasive species can cause a lot of problems and have a big impact on the ecosystem.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

It is a keystone of species

Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)
1. The images below show embryos of different species at different stages of development.
Label the images below with 1-4 from least developed to most developed.
A. 4.
B. 1
C.
3
D. 2
2. Which image above do you think is a human? Explain.
Gizmo Warm-up
ont fambra from

Answers

The answer is a (4) I hope this helps out a bit

You advise your pregnant friend to give her cat away becauseA. She could contract plague.B. She could give the cat tularemia.C. She could get toxoplasmosis.D. She could get listeriosis.E. You do not like cats and want to see your friend without one.Reset Selection

Answers

Answer:

c. she could get toxoplasmosis

Explanation:

she would be exposed to cat litter; cat litter usually carries those parasites that cause toxoplasmosis.

D
Question 15
2 pts
When a cross between 2 contrasting parents produces new phenotype, different from
either parents, we can conclude that that there is which of the following?

Answers

When a cross between 2 contrasting parents produces a new phenotype, it is known as incomplete dominance. In diploid (2n) organisms, individuals receive one allele or gene variant from each parent.

Heterozygous individuals carry different alleles for the same gene locus.

Incomplete dominance occurs when both alleles are expressed in heterozygous organisms.

The phenotype in cases of incomplete dominance is a mixture of the phenotype observed in both parents.

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Question 6 of 10
Which organ do stem cells start differentiating to form a few weeks after
conception?
O A. Stomach
O B. Liver
O C. Heart
O D. Teeth

Answers

Answer:c
Explanation: They form a heart to live
There you go hope this helps

True or False. There are only two broad categories called kingdoms.

Answers

Living things are divided into five kingdoms: animal, plant, fungi, protist and monera. Living things are divided into five kingdoms: animal, plant, fungi, protist and monera.

what organisms undergo cellular respiration

Answers

Answer:

Cellular respiration takes place in  the cells of fungi, animals, and plants.

Explanation:

Notice how these things are all living things. Cellular respiration is the process of turning glucose into ATP. This ATP is used for cellular functions and also to break down more glucose for more ATP. It is kind of like a circular process.

Hope this helps! Have a great day!

All changes saved
1. Using the image below, describe in at least 2 paragraphs, what is happening with the arrows. Name and explain the processes and the changing forms
of Carbon. To conclude, predict what the numbers might represent.
Global Carbon Cycle
Sol Respiration
Welconces
Atmosphere
750
58
11200
Mont
Respiration
Burning
Fossil
Fuels
Deforestation
fond Lond Vio
Change
1.1
Ocean
Loss
59
190
Ocean
Uploke
7.7
192
Plants
560
-
Literfall
59
Soils
Rivers
Fossil Fuels
1,500
02
5,000 -10,000
Earth's Crust
100,000,000
0.01
Boriolo Sediments
Surface Ocean 725
Intermediate and
Deep Ocean 37,275 Po
Legend
U-10-15
.
.
SAVE & EXIT
SUBMIT ALL ANSWERS

Answers

Answer:

Carbon is the backbone of life on Earth. We are made of carbon, we eat carbon, and our civilizations—our economies, our homes, our means of transport—are built on carbon. We need carbon, but that need is also entwined with one of the most serious problems facing us today: global climate change.

Photograph of a forest.

Photograph of a coal fire.

Carbon is both the foundation of all life on Earth, and the source of the majority of energy consumed by human civilization. [Photographs ©2007 MorBCN (top) and ©2009 sarahluv (lower).]

Forged in the heart of aging stars, carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the Universe. Most of Earth’s carbon—about 65,500 billion metric tons—is stored in rocks. The rest is in the ocean, atmosphere, plants, soil, and fossil fuels.

Carbon flows between each reservoir in an exchange called the carbon cycle, which has slow and fast components. Any change in the cycle that shifts carbon out of one reservoir puts more carbon in the other reservoirs. Changes that put carbon gases into the atmosphere result in warmer temperatures on Earth.

Draft diagram of the carbon cycle.

This diagram of the fast carbon cycle shows the movement of carbon between land, atmosphere, and oceans. Yellow numbers are natural fluxes, and red are human contributions in gigatons of carbon per year. White numbers indicate stored carbon. (Diagram adapted from U.S. DOE, Biological and Environmental Research Information System.)

Over the long term, the carbon cycle seems to maintain a balance that prevents all of Earth’s carbon from entering the atmosphere (as is the case on Venus) or from being stored entirely in rocks. This balance helps keep Earth’s temperature relatively stable, like a thermostat.

This thermostat works over a few hundred thousand years, as part of the slow carbon cycle. This means that for shorter time periods—tens to a hundred thousand years—the temperature of Earth can vary. And, in fact, Earth swings between ice ages and warmer interglacial periods on these time scales. Parts of the carbon cycle may even amplify these short-term temperature changes.

Graph of oxygen isotope ratios in the deep ocean for the past 67 million years.

The global carbon cycle model describes the evolution of carbon mass in the mantle (Cm), the combined reservoir of ocean and atmosphere (Co+a), the continental crust (Cc), the ocean crust and floor (Cf), the kerogen (Cker), and the biosphere (Cbio).

What are the steps of carbon cycle?

Carbon on the dynamic planet can move from one of these realms to another as part of the carbon cycle.

Carbon is transferred from the atmosphere to plants.Carbon is transferred from plants to animals.Carbon is transferred from plants and animals to soils.Carbon is transferred from living things to the atmosphere.When fossil fuels are burned, carbon is released into the atmosphere.Carbon is transferred from the atmosphere to the oceans.

Thus, above-mentioned are the steps involved in a carbon cycle.

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Definition Of polar molecules and nonpolar molecules please?​

Answers

Answer:

Non polar molecules are symmetric with no unshared electrons. Polar molecules are asymmetric, either containing lone pairs of electrons on a central atom or having atoms with different electronegativities bonded.

Explanation:

When things are different at each end, we call them polar. Some molecules have positive and negative ends too, and when they do, we call them polar. If they don't, we call them non-polar. Things that are polar can attract and repel each other (opposite charges attract, alike charges repel).

Polar molecules occur when there is an electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms. Nonpolar molecules occur when electrons are shared equal between atoms of a diatomic molecule or when polar bonds in a larger molecule cancel each other out.

How have golden eagles adapted their behavior for living in temperate grasslands?

Answers

Answer:they build their nests on the ground.A few of these adaptations are: Some animals, such as bison, have broad, flat-topped teeth and digestive systems especially adapted to feed on grasses. Many prairie animals have front legs and paws that allow them to burrow into the ground, where they are protected from predators.

Explanation:

SCIENCE

Which seafloor feature is an example of an abyssal plain?​

Answers

Answer:

mid-ocean ridge

Ocean trenches

After scaling the mid-ocean ridge and traversing hundreds to thousands of miles of abyssal plains, you might encounter an ocean trench. The Mariana Trench, for example, is the deepest place in the ocean at 36,201 feet

Explanation:

please mark me brainliest and i think it is c

The answer is Ocean trenches

HOW the muscular System interacts with the nervous system AND the skeletal system.

Answers

Answer:

Receptors in muscles provide the brain with information about body position and movement. The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle. The nervous system regulates the speed at which food moves through the digestive tract.

a person gets energy from an apple by eating it. How does energy get into the apple in the first place? A the apple absorbs energy from the soil while it is on the tree B. the apple absorbs energy from the sun when it is in sunlight. C, the apple tree stores energy from the sun in the apple as sugar. D. the apple tree stores energy from the soil in the apple as sugar.

Answers

Answer:

The apple tree stores energy from the Sun in the apple as sugar.

Explanation:

study island

Why do sex-linked traits follow different patterns of inheritance than other traits ?

A. Females only have one X chromosome .
B. Males only have one X chromosome .
C. Males only carry recessive alleles .
D. Females only carry dominant alleles .

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

X-linked genes have different inheritance patterns than genes on non-sex chromosomes (autosomes). That's because these genes are present in different copy numbers in males and females.

How does human activity harm or benefit the environment?

Answers

Answer: Humans harm the environment in many ways such as overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation. These also, can cause many changes like triggered climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality, and undrinkable water.

Explanation:

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Can a disabled person be the abuser? Or is it the so called victim just a willing participant? To prevent fatigue from affecting your driving, youshould take regularly scheduled breaks every twohours or every 100 miles.a) trueb) false A student dissolves ethanol (C2H5OH) in distilled water. In another container, he dissolves CaCl2, in distilled water. Will either of the solutions conduct electricity? If so which one?Plz Help! what is the continent bellow the world? Simply the Expression. the smiths want to fence their square garden, which has an area 256 square meters.Questions 4, 5 and 6PLEASE I NEED THIS ASAP Please help with this I will mark you as brainliest Find the slope of a line paprallel to the line below Who ever can answer these three questions first I will give them a brainliest! Or twoNeed help ASAP. Heeellllppppp ppplllllsss!!!5. 6. And 7. What is the slope of the line that passes through the points ( 5 , 10 ) (5,10) and ( 11 , 12 ) ? (11,12)? Write your answer in simplest form. The notebook shows the money Lyla earned and spent over two days. A positive number represents money earned. A negative number represents money spent. The US average life expectancy at birth is 79.1 years. The National Sleep Foundation guidelinesrecommend that adults (age 18 and up) should get 7.5 hours of sleep per night.a) Assuming there are 365.25 days in one year, how many minutes of sleep does the person ofaverage life expectancy get during their adult years?b) How many hours is this person awake during their adult years? Write the plural for each of the following: la mujerel chicola camael abueloel estudiantes What does this say;Josphine sest rendue au magasin de la ville dArbor 17 h 32 exactement, pour obtenir du lait, des ufs et du jambonA. Josephine is a store at the local ham at precisely 5: 32 AM B. Josephine went to the Arbor town store at exactly 5:32 PM, to get milk, eggs and hamC. Josephine went to the Harbor town store at precisely 5:32 PM, to get milk, eggs and baconD. Josephine went to the local store at 5:30 PM, to get orange juice, bird seed and sausageE. Josephine went to the local ATM at exactly 5:32 PM, to get a drivers license and money Which variable is most important in this problem? Sal ordered 20 T-shirts for the graphic design club. After tax, the cost of each T-shirt was $25. How much did the T-shirts cost in all? Which of the sets of ordered pairs represents a function? A = {(3, 5), (4, 6), (3, 9), (2, 7)}B = {(2, 4), (1, 4), (5, 4), (4, 4)} aBoth A and B bOnly B cOnly A dNeither A nor B Find the x and y intercepts of each equation Why are committees considered to be more important in the House than in the Senate?a. The House is responsible for all of the legwork involved in creating legislation, making committeesmore of a necessity.b. The House is larger and therefore the representatives form committees to effectively address thevariety of issues presented to them.The Senate is the upper house and needs to work cohesively at all times, thus making committeesirrelevantd. The House needs to address a greater number of issues and needs committees to deal with all ofthem. Author Tony Dietz fittingly uses the more poetic figurative names of the zones of the ocean in this narrative:We live below the light, in the Midnight Zone, two thousand meters under the surface of the sea. The Sunlit Zone barely makes it two hundred meters down. Thats where all life that needs light lives. Beneath the Sunlit Zone is the Twilight Zone, where fish hide from predators and rise only at night to feed. Beneath the Twilight Zone is our world, the Midnight Zone, a darkness lit only by our headlights and the occasional bioluminescent squid. According to this chart, what is the domain-specific name of the Sunlight Zone you would find in a scientific article?The Abyssopelagic ZoneThe Epipelagic ZoneThe Bathypelagic ZoneThe Mesopelagic Zone What was the key factor that determined in which area ofthe city a person would live? Who lived in which areas?