Nuclear fusion: this is the joining of two small atomic nuclei into one nucleus. Nuclear fission: this is the splitting of one large atomic nucleus into smaller fragments.
Please HELP due for science
Answer: The specimens appears larger with a higher magnifications because a smaller area of the object is spread out to cover the filed view of your eye.
Explanation:
The beta decay of cesium-137 has a half-life of 30.0 years. How many years must pass to reduce a 25.0 mg sample of cesium-137 to 9.38 mg?
Answer:
t = 42.4 years
Explanation:
To find the amount of time needed for the sample to decay, you need to use the half-life equation:
[tex]N(t) = N_0(\frac{1}{2})^{t/h}[/tex]
In this equation,
-----> N(t) = final mass (mg)
-----> N₀ = initial mass (mg)
-----> t = time passed (yrs)
-----> h = half-life (yrs)
You can find how much time passed by plugging the given variables into the equation and solving for "t". The final answer should have 3 sig figs like the given values.
N(t) = 9.38 mg t = ? yrs
N₀ = 25.0 mg h = 30.0 yrs
[tex]N(t) = N_0(\frac{1}{2})^{t/h}[/tex] <----- Half-life equation
[tex]9.38mg = 25.0mg(\frac{1}{2})^{t/30.0yrs}[/tex] <----- Insert variables
[tex]0.3752 = (\frac{1}{2})^{t/30.0yrs}[/tex] <----- Divide both sides by 25.0 mg
[tex]ln(0.3752) = ln((\frac{1}{2})^{t/30.0yrs})[/tex] <----- Take the natural log of both sides
[tex]ln(0.3752) = \frac{t}{30.0yrs} ln(\frac{1}{2})[/tex] <----- Rearrange the exponent
[tex]-9.803 = \frac{t}{30.0yrs} (-0.6931)[/tex] <----- Solve the natural logs
[tex]1.1414= \frac{t}{30.0yrs}[/tex] <----- Divide both sides by -0.6931
[tex]42.4 yrs= t[/tex] <----- Multiply both sides by 30.0 yrs
when alcoholic fermentation occurs in sourdough, is ethyl alcohol produced?
Yes, when alcoholic fermentation occurs in sourdough, then ethyl alcohol is produced.
Sourdough bread isn't prepared through traditional method in which active-dry yeast or baker's yeast is added to the bread.
Instead, to make sourdough bread, started is added to the bread for over a week.
After a week, the bread experiences natural fermentation process which is carried out by the specific bacteria.
The wild yeast is produced naturally and then let it sit for hours to get a famous texture, gentle rise and natural sour flavor.
In general, when alcoholic fermentation occurs carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol are produced creating air pockets in dough.
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Determine which set of properties correctly describes a salt crystal (NaCl)?A. Malleable, brittle, soluble in oil or gasoline, high melting point, simple structureB. Ionic lattice, brittle, soluble in oil or gasoline, low melting point, does not conduct electricityC. Dense, malleable, soluble in water, conducts electricity, metallic latticeD. Dense, soluble in water, brittle, ionic lattice, high melting point
Answer: D) Sodium Chloride is dense, soluble in water, brittle, ionic lattice, high melting point.
If the nucleotides in the gene were changed as indicated in the mistake sequence, what type of mutation would this be? explain.
As the DNA sequence, the mutation is nonsense mutation.
Mutation is the change in genetic sequence which may occur spontaneously or due to certain causes. These causes can be chemical, radiations, infectious agents.
In the mentioned two sequences, the different genetic code is in tga and tgc. tgc is the codon that codes for cysteine and tga is the stop codon. Thus, replacement of coding codon with stop codon is nonsense mutation. Hence, nonsense mutation leads to termination of protein abruptly leads to abnormal protein.
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Compare and contrast control group and experimental group.
Answer: An experimental group, also known as a treatment group, receives the treatment whose effect researchers wish to study, whereas a control group does not
Explanation:
The control group and experimental group are compared against each other in an experiment. The only difference between the two groups is that the independent variable is changed in the experimental group. The independent variable is "controlled" or held constant in the control group
something should’t make sense about there only being 8 electrons in energy level 3. why is this not quite correct?
Yes. Although possessing an octet of valence electrons results in an incredibly low energy minimum for the majority of atoms, it is merely a requirement and not a prerequisite. Even atoms that strongly prefer octets are capable of forming stable compounds that have more (or less) than the 8 valence shell electrons if there are strong enough balancing energy factors.
Alternative structural interpretations of such shells are possible because to the same bonding mechanisms that allow for the development of greater-than-8 valence shells, largely depending on whether these bonds are viewed as ionic or covalent.
Why do we add 8 electrons to the third shell?Despite the third electron shell's capacity being 18, the third period only has eight elements because once the other shells fill up, the extra eighteen electrons that arise are put together and settle in the third electron shell, which is then acquired by the fourth period, which has three.
How would you explain the inclusion of eight items in third period?The filling of the 3s and 3p subshells (of the third shell), which require a total of 8 electrons, two in the 3s and six in the 3p subshell, results in the third period, which has eight elements.
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How many moles of mercury are produced by the decomposition of 6.3 moles of mercury oxide? (10pts)2HgO(s) ⇨ 2Hg(l) + O2(g)
Answer
6.3 moles of mercury are produced.
Explanation
Given:
The moles of mercury oxide that decompose = 6.3 mol
Equation: 2HgO(s) ⇨ 2Hg(l) + O2(g)
What to find:
The moles of mercury produced by the decomposition of 6.3 moles of mercury oxide.
Solution:
According to the balanced equation for the reaction;
2 moles of HgO produced 2 moles of Hg
6.3 moles of HgO will produce x moles of Hg
[tex]\begin{gathered} x=\frac{6.3\text{ }mol\text{ }HgO}{2\text{ }mol\text{ }HgO}\times2\text{ }mol\text{ }Hg \\ \\ x=6.3\text{ }mol\text{ }Hg \end{gathered}[/tex]Hence, 6.3 moles of mercury are produced by the decomposition of 6.3 moles of mercury oxide.
17.The half-life of the radioactive isotope silver-104 is 30 minutes. After how many minutes will about 20 grams of a 40-gram sample of the silver-104 isotope remain?Select one:a. 0b. 60c. 90d. 30
answer
half-life means the time it takes for half the amount of a substance to decay.
for silver-104 this is 30 min. so after 30 minutes the amount of silver will have halved.
if we have 40 grams. after 30 minutes we will have 20 grams and after another 30 minutes we will have 10 grams and so forth.
so it would take roughly 30 minutes to have 20 grams left
ANSWER
option d
How many liters of wine can be held in a wine barrel whose capacity is 30.0 gal? You had been given a new penny to test if it is made up of pure copper or not. You measured the mass of the penny which was 2.49 g. You then find that the penny displaces 0.349 cm3 of water. Is the penny made of pure copper? (Density of pure copper = 8.96 g/cm3)
The first step in this calculation is to know how many liters is equal to 1 gallon, and the value is 3.785 liters, so now we have to make the following calculation:
1 gal = 3.785 Liters
30.0 gal = x Liters
x = 3.785 * 30.0
x = 114 Liters
Use the balanced equation to solve the problem.N₂ + 3F2 --> 2NF310.9g of N₂ react.How many grams of NF3 are made?
Considering the following equation and that Fluorine is in excess to allow all the molecular nitrogen to react
N₂ + 3F₂ → 2NF₃
We will use the molar mass and reaction stoichiometry to determine the grams of NF₃ produced, using the following calculation:
[tex]10.9\text{ g N}_2\frac{1\text{ mol N}_2}{14.0067\text{ g N}_2}\frac{2\text{ mol NF}_3}{1\text{ mol N}_2}=1.5564\text{ mol NF}_3[/tex]calculate the delta H for 2 NO (g) + o2 (g) yields N2O (g)
According to Hess' law, the overall enthalpy ΔH, of the reaction, is 155.65 kJ.
What is the enthalpy of the reaction?The enthalpy of the reaction is calculated from the sum of the enthalpies of the intermediate reactions.
This is according to Hess' law which states that the overall enthalpy of a reaction is a sum of the enthalpies of the intermediate reaction steps.
The overall enthalpy ΔH, of the reaction, is determined as follows:
Equation of reaction: N₂O(g) + NO₂(g) → 3NO(g); ΔH₄ = ?
Step 1: N₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2NO(g); ΔH₁ = 180.7 kJ.
Step 2. 2NO(g) + O₂(g) → 2NO₂(g); ΔrH₂ = -113.1 kJ.
Step 3: 2N₂O → 2N₂(g) + O₂(g); ∆rH₃ = -163.2 kJ.
ΔH = ΔH₁ + ¹/₂ * ΔH₃ - ¹/₂ * ΔH₂.
ΔH = 180.7 kJ + ¹/₂ * (-163.2 kJ) - ¹/₂ * (-113.1 kJ).
ΔH = 155.65 kJ.
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Complete question:
Given the following data:
N2(g)2NO(g)++O2(g)O2(g)2N2O(g)→→→2NO(g),2NO2(g),2N2(g)+O2(g),ΔH=+180.7kJΔH=−113.1kJΔH=−163.2kJ
Use Hess's law to calculate ΔH for the following reaction:
N2O(g)+NO2(g)→3NO(g)
1. Calculate the energy for each of the following (1 pt each): Show all your work(a) Joules needed to heat 83.5 g of water from 26.7 °C to 75 °C.
The question requires us to calculate the energy, in joules (J), necessary to heat 83.5g of water from 26.7 °C to 75°C.
The heat energy (Q) can be calculated from the mass of the sample (m), its specific heat capacity of the substance (C) and temperature variation (ΔT), as given by the following equation:
[tex]Q=m\times C\times\Delta T[/tex]Since the question did not provide a value for the specific heat capacity of water, we'll adopt the value 4.182 J/g.°C. Applying the values provided by the question, we can calculate the heat energy as:
[tex]\begin{gathered} Q=m\times C\times\Delta T \\ Q=(83.5g)\times(4.182J/g\mathrm{}\degree C)\times(75-26.7)\degree C=(83.5g)\times(4.182J/g\degree C)\times(48.3\degree C) \\ Q=1.69\times10^4J \end{gathered}[/tex]Therefore, the heat energy necessary to heat the amount of water given grom 26.7 to 75°C is 1.69 x 10^4 J (or 16900 J).
You need to calculate the enthalpy change (AHO) of the reaction A + B → C.How can the enthalpies given for the reaction steps below be combined to give the overall change in enthalpy?
Answer:
Explanation:
The question requires us to determine a proper equation to calculate the enthalpy change for the following reaction:
[tex]A+B\rightarrow C[/tex]Considering the generic reactions and their associated enthalpy change given:
[tex]\begin{gathered} Reaction\text{ }1:A+B\rightarrow D\text{ }\Delta H_1^° \\ Reaction\text{ }2:C+\frac{1}{2}B\rightarrow D\text{ }\Delta H_2^° \end{gathered}[/tex]According to Hess' Law, enthalpy is a function of state, which means it does not depend on the path by which reactants are converted to products. Using this definition, we can rearrange the reactions 1 and 2 given (and apply all the changes required to their associated enthalpy change) in order to obtain the required reaction, and then calculate the enthalpy change of the final reaction considering the rearranged enthalpies of reactions 1 and 2.
Our final objective is to obtain a chemical equation that presents 1 mol of reactants A and B on the left side, and 1 mol of product C on the right side.
First, let's guarantee that we will have product C by multiplying reaction 2 by -1:
[tex]Reaction\text{ 2}\times(-1):D\rightarrow C+\frac{1}{2}B\text{ }\Delta H_2^°=-\Delta H_2^°[/tex]Next, we need to make sure that
What are the types of nutrients that your body needs for energy? question 1 options: minerals vitamins macronutrients carbohydrates
Answer:
C. macronutrients
Explanation:
Macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) are needed for energy.
What happens to the shape and function of a protein if one of the amino acids is replaced with a different type of amino acid?.
Depending on how the changed amino acid functions. A protein's function may be affected replacement of one amino acid but not by the replacement of another, which could result in a complete loss of function.
What is an example of a amino acid?Alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyr are the non-essential amino acids. Conditional amino acids are a few non-essential acids. They are thus only regarded as necessary when you're ill or even under stress.
What is an amino acid and its function?Proteins are comprised of substances called amino acids. Proteins and amino acids are the components of life. Amino acids are the byproducts of the digestion or breakdown of proteins. Organic molecules are being used by the body to create proteins that aid inside the digestion of meals.
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according to the quantum mechanical model of the atom, an orbital represents a: multiple choice question. a) position where an electron probably is b) point where an electron cannot be. c) a position an electron must be d) a surface beyond which electrons cannot go
According to the quantum mechanical model of the atom, an orbital represents a position where an electron probably is. So, the correct option is (a).
An atomic orbital is a function that describes the position and wave-like activity of an electron in an atom in terms of both atomic theory and quantum mechanics. This function can be used to determine the likelihood of discovering any atom electron in any particular area surrounding the nucleus.
The physical area or space where the electron may be calculated to be present, as predicted by the specific mathematical shape of the orbital, is sometimes referred to as an atomic orbital. Simple names for orbitals with angular momentum quantum numbers l = 0, 1, 2, and 3 are the s orbital, p orbital, d orbital, and f orbital.
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What is the difference between sigma and pi bonds in valence bond theory? what orbitals are involved in making these bonds?.
The overlapping of atomic orbitals distinguishes sigma and pi covalent bonds. When atomic orbitals overlap, covalent bonds form.
The way atomic orbitals overlap affects bond properties such as bond length, bond angle, and bond enthalpy. This overlap occurs in two ways, resulting in two types of covalent bonds: sigma bonds and pi bonds.
This type of covalent bond is formed by head-on positive (same phase) overlap of atomic orbitals along the internuclear axis. Sigma bonds are the strongest covalent connections due to the direct overlapping of the orbitals involved. The electrons in a bond are frequently referred to as electrons.
In this state, one half-filled p orbital from each participating atom overlaps head-on along the internuclear axis.
Pi bonds are generated by the sideways positive (same phase) overlap of atomic orbitals parallel to the internuclear axis. The axes of the atomic orbitals are parallel to each other during bond formation, while the overlapping is perpendicular to the internuclear axis.
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In the hydrate formula you found, how many waters were there? This follows the general formula CuSO4 x H2O.
Answer:
There are x water molecules in the hydrate
Explanation:
Here, we want to get the number of water molecules present
In writing a hydrate formula, we write the formula of the anhydrous salt first
In this case, the anhydrous salt is copper sulfate
Now, we move on to the hydrate molecule. The number of the water molecules is the first thing, followed by the formula for water
In this case, we have this number as x
Thus, we can conclude that there are x molecules of water in the hydrate
which of the following is a valid set of four quantum numbers? (n, l, ml, ms) question 14 options: a) 1, 1, 0, -1/2 b) 2, 2, 1, -1/2 c) 2, 1, 2, 1/2 d) 1, 0, 1, 1/2 e) 2, 1, 0, 1/2
1, 0, 1, 1/2 is a valid set of four quantum numbers.
The fundamental quantum number determines the size of the orbital (n). For instance, larger orbitals with n = 2 than those with n = 1 exist. Because of the antagonism between their electrical charges, electrons are pulled to the nucleus of the atom.
The orbital's form is described by the angular quantum number (l). The best descriptions for the forms of orbitals are spherical (l = 0), polar (l = 1), or cloverleaf (l = 2). As the angular quantum number increases, they can even assume more intricate forms.
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a 6.000 g sample of a compound containing only carbon, oxygen and ruthenium was analyzed and found to contain 1.352 g of carbon and 1.796 g of oxygen. if the formula mass (molar mass) of the compound is approximately 639 g/mol, what is its chemical formula? write your answer as cxoyruz, where x, y, and z are whole numbers, but not subscripted.
The chemical formal of the given compound is C6O6Ru4 where, x is 6, y is 6 and z is 4.
Chemical formula is the formula that gives the relative idea of a compound with its mass. So, according to the question, the given compound contains carbon, oxygen and ruthenium. We need to find the number of moles of the given molecules in the compound.
As we know, to find the number of moles we need to divide given mass by molar mass of the molecule.
Therefore, the number of moles of carbon = 1.352/ 12 = 112.66/ 1000
which is equal to 0.112 moles.
The number of moles of oxygen = 1.796/ 16 = 112/1000, which is equal to 0.112 mole.
The mass of the given compound is 6.000g. Therefore, the mass of ruthenium is 6.000 - (1.352 + 1.796) = 2.852 g.
The number of moles of ruthenium = 2.852/ 101.07 = 0.028 moles.
Now, we put the number of moles of all the molecules of the compound in a ratio.
So, we get,
0.112: 0.112: 0.028 = 3: 3: 2
Therefore, the chemical formula is (C3O3Ru2) x2 = C6O6Ru4
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If 0. 36 g of nacl is dissolved in water and the resulting solution weighs 12. 80 g, what is the mass % of nacl in the solution? make certain your answer has the correct number of significant figures.
When 0. 36 g of nacl is dissolved in water, the resultant solution weighs 12. 80 g, with a mass percentage of NaCl=2.81%.The concentration of an element in a compound or component in a mixture can be represented.
In part by the mass percentage. It refers to how much of each element in a compound is present in mass terms. The mass percentage of nacl is computed by dividing the mass of each component by the sum of all the components and multiplying the result by 100.
The sodium ion is transformed into Hydrated when NaCl is dissolved in water. Ion-dipole interactions cause the polar water molecules and the sodium and chloride ions to be attracted to one another when sodium chloride dissolves in water.
Mass percentage of NaCl = (mass of nacl/mass of solution)*100
= (0.36/12.80)*100
=2.813%
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Which of the following statements about a hybrid zone is false?
a. It occurs where two different populations come into contact.
b. It may shift in location due to environmental changes.
c. Its habitat may differ from that favored by the parent populations.
d. It may narrow, or even disappear, if strong isolating mechanisms develop.
e. All of the above are true; none is false
All of the following statements about a hybrid zone are true. None of the given statement is false.
What is a hybrid zone?
The geographical regions where two distinct species or populations interact and cross-breeding occurs is called a hybrid zone and the organisms produced in such regions are called hybrid species.
These populations differentiate genetically and produce off springs having mixed characteristics of ancestry.
Moreover, a hybrid zone may undergo several changes overtime due to environmental changes.
In general, hybrid zones are in site locations where a new lineage is formed as a result of evolution.
Distinct changes that take place in a hybrid zone over time are reinforcement, fusion and stability.
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A 0.995 g unknown mixture containing calcium chloride reacts to give 0.505 of calcium phosphate precipitate. What is the percentage of calcium chloride in the unknown mixture?
The percentage of the calcium present is 50.8 %.
What is the percentage of calcium?We know that a reaction has to do with the combination of two or more substances so as to give a product. The substances that are combined are called the reactants while the substance that is obtained is called the product.
We are told in the question that 0.995 g unknown mixture containing calcium chloride reacts to give 0.505 of calcium phosphate precipitate. Now the amount of calcium that is present shows in the mass of the calcium phosphate precipitate obtained.
Percentage of the calcium = 0.505 g/0.995 g * 100/1
= 50.8 %
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How does hybridization of atomic orbitals allow us to reconcile valence bond theory with vsepr theory?.
Hybridization of atomic orbitals produces orbital shapes and spatial orientations that correlate to those predicted in VSEPR theory.
The process used as a localized valence bond theory called hybridization, in which atomic orbitals that are similar in energy but not equivalent are combined mathematically to produce sets of equivalent orbitals that are properly oriented to form bonds. These new combinations are called hybrid atomic orbitals because they are produced by combining two or more atomic orbitals from the same atom.
Hybridization:
Hybridization is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory.
Therefore we get that the Hybridization of atomic orbital produces orbital shapes and spatial that predicts in VSEPR theory.
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How does hybridization of atomic orbitals allow us to reconcile valence bond theory with vsepr theory?.
Hybridization of atomic orbitals produces orbital shapes and spatial orientations that correlate to those predicted in VSEPR theory.
What is VSEPR theory ?The number of electron pairs surrounding an individual molecule's core atoms can be used to forecast a molecule's shape using the chemical model known as the valence shell electron pair repulsion hypothesis. The two principal creators of the theory, Ronald Gillespie and Ronald Nyholm, gave it the additional moniker Gillespie-Nyholm theory.
Hybrid orbital theory explains how these forms are created, while VSEPR theory predicts the shapes of molecules. VSEPR theory's central tenet is that electron pairs—both those in bonds and those that are alone repel one another. "Groups" refers to the electron pairs, both in bonds and lone pairs.Learn more about VSEPR theory here:
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What happens to the hydrogen and oxygen molecules when they rearrange to from water.something must be recombined.How does this happen?
When the preexisting molecular links are broken and new bonds are created between oxygen and hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules react strongly with oxygen molecules.
The outcome is an explosive release of energy and the formation of water since the reaction's products are at a lower energy level than its reactants.
What kind of response takes place when water is created?The most well-known instance of a synthesis reaction is the burning of hydrogen and oxygen to produce water.
What causes water to form?Most of the water that was created was in the form of vapors, which mixed with cosmic dust on the way to the earth's surface. These water vapors condensed into oceans, seas, rivers, and lakes when the world first came into existence.
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a calorimeter that has a calorimetry constant of 50.0j/c was used in a calorimetry experiment. a bar of a metal with a mass of 18.623g was heated in boiling water bath for 15 minutes. the temperature of the 96.234 g of water in the colorimeter went from 25.0c t0 32.5c) what is the specific heat of the metal?
Since heat is not lost to the environment, the underlying premise of calorimetry is that the energy acquired or lost by the environment must be equal to that experienced by the system.
How do you determine the calorimeter experiment's heat capacity?q = msp heatt, where q = heat quantity, expressed in joules (J). 1 degree C Mass, expressed in grams, is K. m. t = °C or K of temperature change. The amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of a specified quantity of a substance by one degree is known as the heat capacity, or C, of the substance.
We place a calibrated mass of water inside the calorimeter, which is an insulated container. We are aware that each gram of water in the calorimeter absorbs one calorie (or 4.184J) of heat energy for every degree Celsius increase in temperature. or 628J of heat energy as the reaction's byproduct.
The Formula for Calorimetry :Q = heat evolved (equivalent to heat absorbed minus heat released) in joules (J); m = mass in kilograms (kg); and c = specific heat capacity in J/kg°C (or J/kgK).
Numbers on Calorimetry Principles : Q= 1 X 4.2 X 40 = 168 Joules is the result of the equation Q= mCT. (ii) A mass of lead weighing 0.5 kg is heated to a temperature of 40 °C by applying 1000 J of heat. Find out how much heat it can hold.
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Perform the following mathematical operation and report the answer to the appropriate numbers of significant figures. 7.273-12.37=?
7.273 - 12.37 = -5.097
Answer:
-5.10
Explanation:
7.273 - 12.37 = -5.097
round up!
:)
In the reaction of solid magnesium with atmospheric nitrogen to produce solid magnesium nitride, what are the coefficients of the balanced equation, written as stated?.
The balanced equation:
3Mg + N2 → Mg3N2
When magnesium is heated at a very high temperature in presence of Dinitrogen it forms magnesium nitride. The production of this reaction is Magnesium Nitride.
The reaction is:
3Mg + N2 → Mg3N2
Magnesium Nitride is a very hard compound and has a ceramic nature. It has some thermal conductivity, hardness, wear-resistant, and corrosion-resistive properties as well.
Therefore the reaction is 3Mg + N2 → Mg3N2.
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