The valence electron on O = 6, As = 5, N = 5, Al = 3, K = 1
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell, or energy level, of an atom. For example, oxygen has six valence electrons, two in the 2s subshell and four in the 2p subshell. We can write the configuration of oxygen's valence electrons as 2s²2p⁴.
Similarly we can see that the outermost orbit in As is 4[tex]s^{2}[/tex]4[tex]p^{3}[/tex] hence it has 5 valence electron and the charge on Arsenic ion is +5.
The outermost orbit in N is 2[tex]s^{2}[/tex]2[tex]p^{3}[/tex] hence it has 5 valence electron and the charge on Nitrogen ion is 3-
The outermost orbit in Al is 3[tex]s^{2}[/tex]3[tex]p^{1}[/tex] hence it has 3 valence electron and the charge on Aluminum ion is 3+
The outermost orbit of K is 4[tex]s^{1}[/tex] hence it has 1 valence electron and the charge on Potassium ion is 1+
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the expected stoichiometry is 1:1. how does your result compare (calculate the % error between your mole ratio and the expected value)?
Stoichiometry is the representation of balanced chemical equation, that involves the amount or quantities of reactants and products involved in the reaction.
In a chemical equation, stoichiometry is the relation between two or more substances. Stoichiometry can be the definite proportions in which elements or compounds react with one another. The rules followed in calculating the stoichiometric relationships are based on the laws of conservation of mass and energy and the law of combining weights or volumes.
For example:
N2 (g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
In the above reaction, Nitrogen (N2) and Hydrogen (H2) react to form Ammonia (NH3).
1 molecule + 3 molecules = 2 molecules
There is another concept known as the stoichiometric coefficient, this gives us the number of molecules that are participating in the reaction.
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does a change in temperature affect the solubility of nh3? if yes, at which temperature would nh3 be most soluble? does pressure change has effect on the solubility of nh3? if yes, at which pressure would nh3 be most soluble?
Yes as the temperature increases the solubility of NH3 will decrease and as we increase the pressure solubility of NH3 increases.
Solubility is defined as the maximum amount of substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given or specified temperature. Based on solubility different types of solutions can be obtained. A saturated solution is a solution where a saturated solution is a solution where a given amount of solute is completely soluble in the solution.
Whereas a supersaturated solution are those where solute starts precipitating out after a certain concentration.
Temperature does effect the solubility of NH3 because as the temperature increases the hydrogen bonding also decreases, due to which the NH3 molecules are no longer able to bind to water molecules hence their solubility decreases.
But as we increase the pressure on NH3 molecules the bonding with the water molecules will be higher and therefore the solubility also increases.
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Solution X has a pH of 8, and Solution Y has a pH of 3.
Which option describes Solution X and Solution Y?
Responses
Solution X and Solution Y are both bases.
Solution X and Solution Y are both bases.
Solution X is an acid, and Solution Y is a base.
Solution X is an acid, and Solution Y is a base.
Solution X and Solution Y are both acids.
Solution X and Solution Y are both acids.
Solution X is a base, and Solution Y is an acid.
Answer:
Solution X is a base, and solution Y is an acid
Explanation:
PH for acidic is 1 to 6
PH for neutral is 7
PH for alkaline is 8 to 14
What is the purpose of the glass heat shield? Why is it important?
A heat shield is essentially a thermal barrier intended to keep things from overheating. The automotive industry to isolate the engine block to stop heat damage to the bodywork and internal parts.
What is a heat shield used for?A heat shield is essentially a thermal barrier intended to keep things from overheating. They are frequently employed in the automotive industry to separate the engine to stop heat damage to the bodywork and internal parts.
What occurs if a heat shield is absent?If the heat becomes too high, plastic engine parts may melt or deform, and belts may also become damaged. You should schedule a visit with your mechanic right away if you start to smell burning emanating from your car or discover that the engine hood is too hot to touch.
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A small, rocky island is home to a community of organisms. They include birds, insects, lichen, moss, shrubs, and small plants. Flooding during a storm damages the ecosystem, except for the lichen and moss.
Predict how the ecosystem changes immediately during the flood, after the floodwater drains, and over time.
My prediction on the conspicuous changes which occurs simultaneously during flooding activities is that it decreases the oxygen levels which are available to habitat and even destroy the community.
How does flooding affect oxygen levels in a given community of organisms during flooding?The oxygen levels are affected whenever flooding activities occur in a given habitat when its activities damage the community by way of sedimentation.
So therefore, we can now confirm from the explanation above that when flooding occurs to a given habitat of organisms, it reduces the quality of water levels which directly affect the oxygen levels too.
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work is entropy free, and sometimes the claim is made that work will not change the entropy of a fluid passing through an adiabatic steady-flow system with a single inlet and outlet. is this a valid claim?
Work is entropy free and it does transfer entropy but the claim is not valid, the entropy of a fluid passing through an adiabatic steady state system with a single outlet and inlet can change due to irreversibilities present in the system during the process.
What is entropy?
Entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system.Entropy also describes how much energy is not available to do work.The more disordered a system and the higher the entropy, the less of a system's energy is available to do work.Why doesn't entropy change when there is a work transfer?
We have two grades of energy i.e high-grade energy and low-grade energy. High-grade energy is directly utilized by us like potential energy and kinetic energy. On the other hand, low-grade energy can't be utilized by us directly, it is first converted into high-grade energy eg- heat.According to the second law of thermodynamics low-grade energy can't be completely converted into high-grade energy, there is always some loss associated with it. But high-grade energy can be completely converted into low-grade energy.To know more about entropy:
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Name the following structure. (Points)
Thank you, image is attached !
IUPAC nomenclature of structure 1 is 5-bromo-3-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane and for structure 2 it is 1,1,4-trimethyl-3 -(1-methylethyl)cyclohexane
IUPAC nomenclature is based on naming a molecule's longest chain of carbons connected by single bonds, whether in a continuous chain or in a ring. All deviations, either multiple bonds or atoms other than carbon and hydrogen, are indicated by prefixes or suffixes according to a specific set of priorities
In structure 1 the longest chain was found to be a 6 carbon chain and the numbering started from the side where it is highly substituted. Hence the name is 5-bromo-3-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane
In structure 2 we have a cyclic structure and so the numbering will be done in such a way that all the substituent gets the least numbering hence the name of the compound will be 1,1,4-trimethyl-3 -(1-methylethyl)cyclohexane
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what type of quantitative chemical method was used to determine the precise concentration of hydroxide in the experiment?
The type of quantitative chemical method was used to determine the precise concentration of hydroxide in the experiment is titration.
Titration is quantitative chemical method used to determine the concentration of unknown solution by using the known concentration of solution. the solution with the known concentration is called as the titrant. the solution of the unknown concentration is called as analyte. titrant is added from burette to known quantity of solution of unknown concentration that is analyte until the reaction is complete.
Thus, The type of quantitative chemical method was used to determine the precise concentration of hydroxide in the experiment is titration.
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incorrect your answer: not given ammonium perchlorate nh4clo4 is the solid rocket fuel that was used by the u.s. space shuttle and is used in the space launch system (sls) of the artemis rocket. it reacts with itself to produce nitrogen gas n2, chlorine gas cl2, oxygen gas o2, water h2o, and a great deal of energy. what mass of oxygen gas is produced by the reaction of 6.54g of ammonium perchlorate? round your answer to 3 significant digits.
The amount of oxygen formed when 6.54 grams ammonium perchlorate reacted is 0.89 grams.
The balanced chemical equation of the reaction of ammonium perchlorate is,
2NH₄ClO₄ → N₂ + Cl₂ + 2O₂ + 4H₂O
From the reaction it is clear that,
2 moles of ammonium perchlorate = 2 moles of oxygen
Moles of ammonium perchlorate = Moles of oxygen
Moles = Formed/reacted mass/molar mass.
Molar mass of Ammonium perchlorate is 117 g/mol.
Molar of oxygen is 16 g/mol.
Mass of NH₄ClO₄ is 6.54 grams.
Putting values,
6.54/117 = formed mass of oxygen/16
Formed mass of oxygen = 0.89 grams.
So, the mass of oxygen formed is 0.89 grams.
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outline method to obtain pure crystals of potassium chloride from potassium chloride solution
Potassium chloride can be defined as a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. It is odorless and has a white or colorless.
To prepare Potassium Chloride from Potassium Chloride Solution.
1. KCl can be analyzed by reacting bases of potassium (such as potassium hydroxide) with hydrochloric acid. This ensures acid-base neutralization reaction will yield water and potassium chloride as the products.
KCL + HCL = KCL + H2O
2. Boiling the solution can help in removing the water until a super-saturated solution is obtained and then cooling the super saturated solution at room temperature and introducing a seed crystal of Potassium chloride, crystals of Potassium chloride are obtained.
This is how , pure crystals of potassium chloride from potassium chloride solution
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a certain aqueous solution boils at 375.60 k (at 1 atm). at what temperature does the same solution freeze?
The aqueous solution here would freeze at -9.163 degree celsius.
The temperature at which it boils is 375.60 K. This gets converted into Celsius = 102.45-degree Celsius (i)
The standard temperature of boiling is = 100 degree Celsius (ii)
The standard temperature of freezing is = 0 degrees celsius (iii)
We know the formula -
Depression in cooling/ Elevation in boiling = [tex]K_{b}[/tex] / [tex]K_{f}[/tex] (iv)
The standard values for both Ks are 0.5 and 1.87 respectively. (v)
Using the given values of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), and (v), we find that -
= (102.45 - 100.00) / (0 - x) = 0.5 / 1.87
x, here is the temperature for freezing.
= Temperature at which it freezes = - 9.163 degree Celsius.
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Chromium (Cr) can combine with chlorine (Cl2) to form chromium chloride (CrCl3).
Which equation is a correct representation of this reaction?
Responses
2Cr + Cl2 → CrCl3
2 upper case C lower case r plus upper case C lower case l subscript 2 end subscript rightward arrow upper case C lower case r upper case C lower case l subscript 3 end subscript,
Cr + Cl2 → CrCl3
upper case C lower case r plus upper case C lower case l subscript 2 end subscript rightward arrow upper case C lower case r upper case C lower case l subscript 3 end subscript,
2Cr + 3Cl2 → 2CrCl3
2 upper case C lower case r plus 3 upper case C lower case l subscript 2 end subscript rightward arrow 2 upper case C lower case r upper case C lower case l subscript 3 end subscript,
2Cr + 3Cl2 → CrCl3
The combination of the chlorine and the chromium species is designated by the reaction [tex]2Cr + 3Cl_{2} ------- > 2CrCl_{3}[/tex]. Option B
What is the correct representation?We know that the term reaction has to do with the way in which two atoms are combined in a compound. Now, the reaction must be balanced. This implies that the number of atoms on the reactant side must be the same as the number of atoms on the products side.
We are talking about how to write the reaction between the chromium atom and the chlorine atom. We know that we have to find out which of the reaction is balanced and that is; [tex]2Cr + 3Cl_{2} ------- > 2CrCl_{3}[/tex]
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What is the volume in liters of hydrogen gas that would be produced by the reaction of 55.0 g of Al with excess HCl at STP according to the following reaction?
2 Al (s) + 6 HCl (aq) → 2 AlCl₃ (aq) + 3 H₂ (g)
Answer:
About 68.495 L hydrogen gas
Explanation:
Larisa pumps up a soccer ball until it has a gauge pressure of 61 kilopascals. The volume of the ball is 5.2 liters. The air temperature is 32°C, and the outside air is at standard pressure. How many moles of air are in the ball?
A. 0.13 mol
B. 0.33 mol
C. 1.2 mol
D. 3.2 mol
The number of mole of air in the ball, given that the volume of the ball is 5.2 litres is 0.13 mole (Option A)
How to determine the number of mole of airWe'll begin by listing out the given parameters from the question. This is given below:
Pressure (P) = 61 kilopascalsVolume (V) = 5.2 litresTemperature (T) = 32 °C = 32 + 273 = 305 KGas constant (R) = 8.314 L.KPa/Kmol Number of mole (n) =?From the above parameters, we can obtain the number of mole as follow
PV = nRT
61 × 5.2 = n × 8.314 × 305
317.2 = n × 2535.77
Divide both sides by 2535.77
n = 317.2 / 2535.77
n = 0.13 mole
Thus, the number of mole is 0.13 mole (Option A)
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what happens to electrons to form an ionic bond?
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What happens to electrons when an ionic bond forms?
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It is the prior distribution of electrons that constitutes the electrostatic force of interaction..
Explanation:
Commonly, ions are formed by (i) the loss of electrons from metals... electron rich materials from the left of the Periodic Tables as we face the Table, whose valence electrons are furthest removed from the positively charged nuclear core... and (ii) the gain of electrons by non-metals to the right of the Periodic Table as we face it.
We could represent these processes by the reaction...
M→M
n+
+ne
−
oxidation
X+e
−
→X
−
reduction
We add the two redox processes together in such a way that the electrons are eliminated as virtual particles and we get a neutral salt... of a material and a non-metal that are held together by a strong electrostatic force of attraction...
M+nX→MX
n
And thus the electrons are formally redistributed to give positive and negative ions that combine to form NEUTRAL SALTS.
(d)
A teacher collected two tubes full of hydrogen gas, as shown in figure 3
She tested tube A with a lighted splint as soon as she took the bung out.
She tested tube B with a lighted splint a few seconds after taking the bung out.
(1) Suggest why tube B gave a much louder pop than tube A.
Answer:
Explanation:
This practical can be used to introduce the idea that the relative amounts of a fuel and oxygen (from air) are important in combustion, and that there will be an optimum ratio in which the two substances react. This leads on to the idea of chemical equations.
In the case of a class experiment, where students generate the hydrogen themselves under strict supervision, all the hydrogen generators must be collected once the test tubes have been filled and before any flames are lit, to prevent the possibility of accidental or deliberate ignition of the hydrogen in the generator. This has caused a number of accidents in the past. Alternatively the test tubes could be filled with hydrogen beforehand, or by students under supervision, from a steady cylinder supply.
Draw a six‑carbon alkyne that can exist as diastereomers. You do not need to specify wedge or dashed bonds.
A six-carbon alkyne that can exist as diastereomers is 3-methyl-1-pentyne.
Alkynes are hydrocarbons which contain carbon-carbon triple bonds. Their general formula is CnH2n-2 for molecules with one triple bond (and no rings). the compound contains 6 Carbon atoms, its said to be an alkyne therefore compound should contain a triple bond.
There should be single C as chiral centre. This means that one carbon has 4 different groups attached to it. In the diagram shown has one carbon connected to
1- Hydrogen
2 - CH3 group
3 - C2H5 group
4 - C≡CH
All these groups are of different types, hence the C is a chiral centre .
therefore A six-carbon alkyne that can exist as diastereomers is 3-methyl-1-pentyne.
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Select the statement(s) that accurately describe what a pedigree chart shows.
A. Future predictions of inherited genes
B. Specific alleles being inherited by offspring
C. Inherited traits in a family
D. Male and female family members
E. Genotypes and phenotypes being inherited
A pedigree chart shows Inherited traits in a family; the correct option is C
What is a pedigree chart?A pedigree chart is a chart that shows how traits are passed on from parents to offspring.
A pedigree chart is used in the study of inheritance or genetics.
A pedigree chart can for example be used to study the inheritance pattern of traits such as sickle cell anemia. In such a pedigree chart, the genotype of the parents is used to study how the trait is being transferred and can also predict the likelihood of the offspring of the parents inheriting that trait.
A pedigree chart can also be used to backtrace how a particular trait came into a particular family.
In conclusion, a pedigree chart is a chart that shows how traits are passed on from the parents and offspring of a family.
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concentrated nitric acid usually has a density of 1.4 g/ml and is 70% hno3 by mass (the rest is water). find the concentration of water in such a solution in mol/l.
The concentration of water in such a solution in mol/l is 0.0157 M.
Molar concentration is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, particularly of a solute in an answer, in phrases of quantity of a substance per unit quantity of solution. In chemistry, the most commonly used unit for molarity is the range of moles consistent with liter, having the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm³ in the SI unit.
Molarity (M) is the quantity of a substance in a certain volume of solution. Molarity is described as the moles of a solute consistent with liters of an answer. Molarity is likewise called the molar attention of a solution.
Calculation:-
The density of the solution is 1.41 g/mL.
1000 g of the solution will have a volume = Mass/ Density
= 1000 / 1.41
=709 ml.
The mass percent of nitric acid is 70%.
1000 g of the solution will have = 1000× 70/100
=690 g of nitric acid.
The molarity of the solution is = Mass of nitric acid / The molar mass of nitric acid ×Volume of solution.
Mass of nitric acid = 700 / 63×709
= 0.0157 M.
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what would it mean if a reagent had turned color directly upon addition to the sample prior to addition of hydrogen peroxide?
Before the reaction of hydrogen peroxide, if a reagent had changed color immediately after being added to the sample, this would indicate the presence of a contaminant and the test would be invalid.
The above experiment is also knowns as a presumptive blood testing experiment in which if a contaminant is present, the test should be deemed invalid if a vivid blue or purple color appears after adding the TMB reagent but before adding the hydrogen peroxide; this is also frequently referred to as a "false positive" result.
Presumptive tests catalyze the oxidation of a chromogenic substance, which results in a color change, by reacting with the hemoglobin of all blood in humans and animals. If the test is positive, the material will be identified as potentially blood, though not necessarily human blood.
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what nacl concentration results when 264 ml of a 0.650 m nacl solution is mixed with 617 ml of a 0.470 m nacl solution?
The new concentration results in 0.512 M.
The concentration of a substance is the quantity of solute found in a given amount of solution. Concentrations are normally expressed in terms of molarity, defined because of the variety of moles of solute in 1 L of answer.
Calculation:-
final conc=m1v1+m2v2/(v1+v2)
final conc=209 × 0.71+407 ×0.41/(407+209)
final conc = 0.512 M
Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by way of the overall volume of an aggregate. several sorts of mathematical descriptions may be outstanding: mass concentration, molar concentration, variety concentration, and extent awareness.
The Concentration of an answer is a measure of the quantity of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or answer. A concentrated answer is one that has a rather huge quantity of dissolved solute.
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explain why it is not necessary to weigh the flask and the unknown volatile liquid before the initial heating.
As per this case the test tube will be heated so the unwanted gas will be wiped out and only the vapors of our gas will sustain in the flask
what are flasks used for?
There are different types of flasks used in chemistry laboratories they are mainly used for weighing chemicals, preparing stock solutions, preparing reacting solutions and many more.
The test tube will only contain the vapour that is necessary to compute the molar mass because, as you heat this gas, you are producing enough vapour to drive away the air and keep the liquid's vapour present. so that there is no need to weigh the flask before heating the volatile liquid
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Identify two raw materials necessary for photosynthesis.
Answer:
Water and CO2
Explanation:
These are both materials that are used in the process of photosynthesis that can be acquired from the around the plant, and the rain, which are natural raw materials that can be found anywhere in nature.
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As soon as you realize that you are in danger, you feel your heart speed up. You feel very aware of your surroundings. Your whole body is preparing to run or fight for your life. Which of the following would be the response of your nervous system?
A)heart rate speeds up
B)body moves to a safer place
C)senses become sharper so you are better able to respond
D)stress hormones are transported around the
Answer:
C would be the nervous system reacting
If you wanted to know about the other answers:
A and D are the circulatory system since it's transporting stress hormones through the blood and the heart rate speeds up
B is the muscular and skeletal system since they are the ones that make your body move
what are halogens. B) what are transition elements.C) what are alkali metals .... please i need the awnser asap :)
Answer:
C.. Group I element they dissolve in water to form alkaline solution
B.. Element between group II and III and most of them form coloured compound
A... Group VII element they react with metals to form salts
what is the iupac name for the compound shown? a six carbon ring with an oxygen atom double bonded to one of the carbon atoms in the ring.
cyclohexanone is the compound which is shown.
what is cyclohexanone-
The chemical substance known as cyclohexanone has the formula (CH2)5CO. The compound is a six-carbon cyclic molecule with a functional group called a ketone.
IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) nomenclature is based on the naming of a molecule's longest chain of carbons connected by single bonds, whether in a continuous chain or in a ring.
six-carbon ring with oxygen bonded to one of the carbon atoms in the ring is cyclohexanone.
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ammonia burns in the presence of a copper catalyst to form nitrogen gas. what is the enthalpy change to burn g of ammonia?
The given question is incomplete and the complete question is
Ammonia burns in the presence of a copper catalyst to form nitrogen gas. 4 NH3(g) + 3 O2(g) → 2 N2(g) + 6 H2O(g) ΔΗ = -1267 kJ What is the enthalpy change to burn 38.4 g of ammonia?
Ammonia burns in the presence of a copper catalyst to form nitrogen gas. 4 NH3(g) + 3 O2(g) → 2 N2(g) + 6 H2O(g) ΔΗ = -1267 kJ and the enthalpy change to burn 38.4 g of ammonia is
Ammonia means NH₃ is one of the most commonly produced industrial chemical
Here given data is
ΔΗ = -1267 kJ
And the balanced reaction is
4 NH₃(g) + 3O₂(g) → 2N₂(g) + 6H₂O(g)
We have to calculate enthalpy change to burn g of ammonia = ?
First calculate the moles corresponding to 38.4 g NH₃
The molar mass of NH₃ is 17.03 g/mol
38.4 g ×1mole/17.03 g/mol = 2.25 mol
Then calculate the enthalpy change to burn 2.25 mol of ammonia
And according to the thermochemical equation 1267 kJ are released per 4 mole of ammonia that react
2.25 mol×(-1267kJ/4 mol) = -713 kJ
Enthalpy change to burn 38.4 g of ammonia is -713 kJ
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which property is a chemical property of a substance
Answer:
reactivity, flammability,toxicity some more
you are given two samples of elements, and each sample has a mass of 10 grams. if the number of atoms in each of these samples is the same, what must be true of the two elements?
The must be true of the two elements is All of the above.
An element is a substance composed of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by either physical or chemical processes. They are divided into metals, non-metals, and semi-metals. Helium is the element with atomic number 2 in the periodic table. Each helium atom has two protons in its nucleus.
The atomic weight of the element is 4.0026. Helium is known as a gas in its pure form because it does not combine easily. A compound is a unique substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements. Compounds are formed through chemical reactions. Elements of a compound are held together by chemical bonds.
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Can yall help me with this
The summary of the paragraph is that if you live on a high latitude there would be greater seasonal variation.
What is the equator?The equator is said to be that imaginary line that does divide the earth into the Northern and the southern Hemispheres. This implies that the equator is the line that divides the earth into to halves and the two haves of the earth are responsible for the variations in many things on earth such as the day and night experience.
We can see from the passage that if you are living in a position that is closer to the equator then it follows that the variation of day and night would have less difference as well as less of seasonal differences.
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