-78.5 kilojoules of heat released per gram of the compound reacted with oxygen.
What is Heat?
Heat is the result of the movement of kinetic energy within a material or an item, or from an energy source to a material or an object. Radiation, conduction, and convection are the three mechanisms through which such energy can be transferred.
Calculation:
B2H6 + 3O2 ------> B2O3 + 3H2O
∆H = ∑ ∆H(products) - ∑ ∆H(reactants)
∆H = { ∆H B2O3 + 3∆H H2O) - { ∆H B2H6 + 3∆H O2}
∆H = {(1273.5) + 3 ×(-285.8)} - {(36.4) + 0}
∆H = -2167.3KJ/mol
1mol of B2H6 = 2(10.8) + 6(1)
= 27.6g
∆H = -2167. 3KJ/27.6 g= -78.5 KJ/g.
Hence, the amount of -78.5 kilojoules of heat released per gram of the compound reacted with oxygen.
To know more about Heat, check out:
https://brainly.com/question/934320
#SPJ4
Given the reactioon vessel and the balanced chemical reaction, what is the limiting reactant? Each symbol represents 1 mol of molecules of the substance.2C2H2(g) + 5O2(g) ----> 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)A. C2H2B. O2C. CO2D. H2O
Here in the given reaction the limitng reactant is oxygen (O2) and therefore the correct option is option B.
We need 5 mole O2 for 2 mole C2H2
For 1 mole of C2H2 we will need 5/2 that is 2.5 mole O2
But we have only 1 mole O2
Hence O2 is limiting reactant.
A limiting reactant is usually the one whose minimum concentration results in stopping of the reaction any further.
Determine the balanced form of the chemical equation for the chemical reaction.
The balanced form of the chemical equation is already given.
2C2H2(g) + 5O2(g) ----> 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
Convert all given information into moles (most likely, through the use of molar mass as a conversion factor).
25g×1mol / 180.06g=0.1388
40g×1mol / 32g= 1.25 molO2
To know more about limiting reactant, click here:
brainly.com/question/527251
#SPJ4
to see amino acids on a developed chromatography paper or plate, you can react it with choose... after
Amino acids are colourless compounds. In order to see the spots on the chromatogram, you will apply a solution of ninhydrin to the paper. Ninhydrin will react with the amino acid to produce a purple compound. Silica gel will serve as the stationary phase in the thin layer chromatography procedures.
Ninhydrin (or fluorescamine) is very useful in chromatographic methods for the analysis of amino acids. One of these is paper chromatography, wherein amino acids are separated as the consequence of differences in their partition coefficients between water and an organic solvent. The aqueous phase is held stationary in the pores of the paper because of strong interaction of the water with the hydroxyl functions of the cellulose. The differences in partition coefficients show up as differences in rates of migration on the surface of moist (but not wet) paper over which there is a slow flow of a water-saturated organic solvent.
In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid solvent called the mobile phase, which carries it through a system on which a material called the stationary phase is fixed.
To know more about chromatography visit here ; https://brainly.com/question/26491567?referrer=searchResults
#SPJ4
Predict the major products of the following reactions, and give the structures of any intermediates. Include stereochemistry where appropriate.
The study of a molecule's three-dimensional structure is known as stereochemistry. The sole structural difference between the cis and trans isomers, which are types of stereoisomers, is where the atoms of the molecule are situated in three dimensions.
What is the stereochemistry principle?Stereochemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies and manipulates the relative spatial arrangement of atoms within molecules.
What role does stereochemistry play?Because a drug's shape affects how it interacts with the different biological molecules (enzymes, receptors, etc.) that it comes into contact with in the body, stereochemistry is crucial to understanding how drugs work.
To know more about stereochemistry visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/13266152
#SPJ4
A reaction involving element X occurs
via a second-order reaction at 400 K,
according to the rate law below.
Rate = 0.025 M-¹-min-¹[X]²
What is the value of the rate constant?
k = [ ? ] M-¹ · min-¹
(image below for more context)
The rate constant of the reaction is 0.025 M-¹-min-¹
What is a second order reaction?We know that a second order reaction is the kind of reaction in which the order of reaction depends on two molecules or that the rate of reaction depends on the concentration of a specie raised to power 2.
Given that the general formula for the second order rate law is;
Rate = K[X]^2
K = rate constant
[X] = concentration of X
This can now extrapolated to the reaction that we have here and this is a model that would give us the rate constant.
Learn more about reaction rate:https://brainly.com/question/8592296
#SPJ1
How many moles are in MgO?; How many moles are in 10g of MgO?; What is the grams of MgO?; How many moles are in 20 grams of MgO?
the correct answer is 20g of MgO contains 0.5 moles
Amount of MgO, w = 20g
Molar mass of MgO, M = (24+16)g mol-¹ = 40g mol-1
To find:
No. of moles of MgO in 20g, n = ?
We know that,
No. of moles = given mass(w) molar mass(M)
:: no. of moles in 20g of MgO, n = 20g 40gmol-1 → n = 0.5 mol
The molar mass of a complex mixture is determined by dividing its weight by the amount of that chemical, represented as the number of moles in the test, expressed in moles. The molar mass of a material is a bulk characteristic instead of a molecular one.
Learn more about molar mass here:
https://brainly.com/question/7585012
#SPJ4
select the best benefit of the text structure of the lewis and clark journal entries. the compare and contrast structure of the text allows the reader to evaluate the experience both men had on their expedition. the cause and effect structure of the text allows the reader to see how the men's decisions greatly impacted their traveling companions. the chronological structure of the text allows the reader to follow their expedition to see how their journey unfolded. the description structure of the text allows the reader to gain a real appreciation for each place the explorers visited, so it may inspire them to visit those places as well.
The best benefit of the text structure of the Lewis and Clark journal entries is C. The chronological structure of the text allows the reader to follow their expedition to see how their journey unfolded.
What is chronological structure?The art or process of placing events or occurrences in chronological order is known as chronology. Typically, it goes from first to last, or from the earliest event to the most recent events.
In the case of a degree certificate holder, for instance, the chronological order of their education is from primary school, which is the oldest certificate, to secondary school, and finally tertiary institution.
Most expository writing, which is a type of writing that narrates, describes, informs, or explains a process, uses chronological order. Place the events in chronological order so that they appear as they did in reality or as they will if you are giving instructions.
In this case, it should be noted that the journal was arranged accordingly as it happened. Therefore, the correct option is C.
Learn more about structures on:
https://brainly.com/question/26719078
#SPJ1
Clark, May 14, 1804]
Monday May 14th 1804 Rained the forepart of the day I determined to go as far as St. Charles a french Village 7 Leags. up the Missourie, and wait at that place untill Capt. Lewis Could finish the business in which he was obliged to attend to at St Louis and join me by Land from that place 24 miles; by this movement I calculated that if any alterations in the loading of the Vestles or other Changes necessary, that they might be made at St. Charles I Set out at 4 oClock P.M.
[Lewis, May 15, 1804]
Tuesday May 15th It rained during the greater part of last night and continued untill 7 OCk. A.M. after which the Prarty proceeded, passed two Islands and incamped on the Stard. shore at Mr. Fifer's landing opposite an Island, the evening was fair.
select the best benefit of the text structure of the lewis and clark journal entries. the compare and contrast structure of the text allows the reader to evaluate the experience both men had on their expedition. the cause and effect structure of the text allows the reader to see how the men's decisions greatly impacted their traveling companions. the chronological structure of the text allows the reader to follow their expedition to see how their journey unfolded. the description structure of the text allows the reader to gain a real appreciation for each place the explorers visited, so it may inspire them to visit those places as well
What type of bond is Na3PO4?; Is Na3PO4 ionic or molecular?; Does Na3PO4 have ionic and covalent bonds?; Is Na3PO4 a polyatomic ion?
The type of the bond is present Na₃PO₄ is the ionic bond. the Na₃PO₄ is the ionic compound. yes the Na₃PO₄ is the polyatomic ion.
The Na₃PO₄ is Na⁺ and PO₄³⁻. the phosphorus is the non metal and the oxygen atom is the non metal. the non meta and non meta form the covalent or molecular bond. the bond between the PO₄³⁻ bond is the covalent bond but the overall present in the Na₃PO₄ is the ionic bond . the bons in between the Na⁺ and PO₄³⁻ is the the ionic bond. the PO₄³⁻ id the polyatomic ion .
The bond between the positively charged ion and the negatively charged ion are called as the ionic bond and the compound form is the ionic compound.
To learn more about ionic bond here
https://brainly.com/question/29005103
#SPJ4
which of the following agents blocks the body's ability to use oxygen and possesses an odor similar to almonds?
Agent that blocks the body's ability to use oxygen and possesses an odor similar to almonds is : hydrogen cyanide.
What is hydrogen cyanide?Hydrogen cyanide is sometimes also called prussic acid. It is a chemical compound with the formula HCN ( structure H−C≡N ) and it is a colorless, extremely poisonous and flammable liquid.
Hydrogen cyanide is a colorless or pale-blue liquid or gas with a bitter, almond-like odor and it interferes with the body's use of oxygen and may also cause harm to the brain, heart, blood vessels, and lungs. Exposure can sometimes prove to be fatal and workers may be harmed from the exposure to hydrogen cyanide.
To know more about hydrogen cyanide, refer
https://brainly.com/question/3393639
#SPJ4
here is the reaction you performed. what is the mechanism? hint: an anhydride behaves very similarly to an acid chloride. use the curved arrow to show the movement of electrons. include all lone pairs. Water was added to destroy any remaining acetic anhydride. What is the product of water and acetic anhydride?
The reaction you underwent was anhydride. Anhydride behavior is strikingly similar to that of acid chloride. the motion of electrons, use a curving arrow. consist of all lone pairings. Any leftover acetic anhydride was destroyed by the addition of water. the end result of adding water to acetic anhydride.
What is acetic anhydride?
An anhydride functions very much like an acid chloride. electron movement is depicted by the curved arrow. An anhydride functions very much like an acid chloride. the motion of electrons, use a curving arrow. consist of all lone pairings. In a condensation reaction involving the elimination of a water molecule, acetic anhydride is created from two acetic acid molecules.
D and L-structures phenylalanine's are made up of amino acids, which both have amino groups.
To learn more about acetic anhydride from given link
brainly.com/question/29699585
#SPJ4
which of the following occurs naturally as nonpolar diatomic molecules?
A. Hydrogen
B. Nitrogen
C. Oxygen
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen are nonpolar diatomic molecules that are found in nature. Answer is right ( D).
Which chemicals fall within the nonpolar category?Nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, oxygen, ozone, and nitrogen are a few examples of non-polar compounds. Examples for homonuclear nonpolar compounds include ozone, oxygen, and nitrogen (O 3 ). Other nonpolar compounds include alkynes, which are water insoluble.
Diatomics are they non-polar?Any diatomic molecule with the same element represented by both atoms must be a molecular compound. A polar molecule is a diatomic compound, such as HF, that contains a polar covalent link.
To know more about nonpolar diatomic molecules visit:
https://brainly.com/question/1611262
#SPJ4
Calculate the heat, in kJ, that would be involved in condensing 22.5 g of CH₃OH. (∆Hvap = 38.0 kJ/mol)
Specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius of one gram of a substance. Therefore, 12.401KJ of heat is required to condense 22.5 g of CH₃OH.
What is Enthalpy?Enthalpy term is basically used in thermodynamics to show the overall energy that a matter have. Mathematically, Enthalpy is directly proportional to specific heat capacity of a substances.
Mathematically,
q = n ×ΔH
where
q = amount of heat= ?
n = no of moles
number of moles of CH₃OH = 22.5 g ÷32.04 g/mol
number of moles of CH₃OH = 0.70 moles
ΔH = enthalpy =38.0 kJ/mol
Substituting all the given values, we get
q = n ×ΔH
= 0.70 ×38.0
= 12.401 kJ
Therefore, 12.401KJ of heat is required to condense 22.5 g of CH₃OH.
To know more about enthalpy, here:
https://brainly.com/question/24170335
#SPJ1
provide a complete arrow pushing mechanism for reaction 1d. explain the origin of the stereochemistry observed in the product.
When stereoisomeric starting materials are used in a reaction, a stereospecific reaction results in a product from one reactant that is a stereoisomer of the product from the other.
While a stereoselective reaction chooses products from among those produced by the same, non-specific mechanism acting on a particular reactant, a stereospecific mechanism specifies the stereochemical outcome of a given reactant. A stereospecific mechanism, given a single, stereoisomeric ally pure starting material, will produce 100% of a specific stereoisomer (or no reaction), yet stereochemical integrity can readily be lost due to competing processes that produce distinct stereochemical results. Even if only one mechanism is at work on an isomerically pure starting material, a stereoselective process will typically yield numerous products. The term "stereospecific reaction" is ambiguous because the word "reaction" itself can refer to either the end product of a reactant mixture that may proceed through multiple competing, specific and non-specific mechanisms, or it can refer to a single-mechanism transformation (such as the Diels-Alder reaction), which could be stereospecific. The phrase stereospecific reaction is frequently used incorrectly to refer to a highly stereoselective reaction in the latter sense. Chiral synthesis is based on a mix of stereoselective and stereospecific transformations, where the optical activity of a chemical molecule is conserved. Stereospecific transformations are used to interconvert existing stereocenters.
Learn more about stereospecific reaction here
https://brainly.com/question/13844043
#SPJ4
Using Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, calculate the volume of 0.20 M Acetic Acid and 0.2 M Sodium Acetate needed to prepare 50 mL of 0.1 M Acetate Buffer solution (pH = 4.5). pKa of Acetic Acid is 4.74?
Volume of 0.20 M sodium acetate is calculated to be 0.82g. Sodium acetate can be used as additives in food, industry and in buffer solutions.
What is Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?To determine pH of a buffer is by using the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation is pH = pKₐ + log([A⁻]/[HA]).
As we know that, pH = pKa + log [salt]/[acid]
Given pH (4.75) and pKa (4.75).
Given [acid] = 0.20 M
When the pH = pKa, ratio of [salt]/[acid] =1 because log 1 = 0
Hence,[sodium acetate] = 0.20 M.
4.75 = 4.75 + log [sodium acetate]/[0.20]
0 = log x/0.2
Hence, x = 0.2 M
To calculate the "amount" in grams, convert 0.20 M to grams using the volume of 50 ml (0.05 L)
0.20 mole/L x 0.05 L = 0.01 moles moles sodium acetate
0.01 moles sodium acetate x 82 g/mole
Volume of 0.20 M sodium acetate= 0.82g
To know more about Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, refer
https://brainly.com/question/26746644
#SPJ4
Use the information provided in the below equation and Table, to show how the enthalpy of formation for glucose was determined using Hess’ Law. You should include an enthalpy cycle diagram and show your workings clearly. 6C(s) + 6H2(g) + 3O2(g) → C6H12O6(s) Hf = -1086.4 kJ mol-1
The enthalpy diagram for the formation of compound that we have which is C₆H₁₂O₆ has been shown in the image attached.
What is the Hess law?The Hess law of the constant heat formation states that we can be able to obtain the heat of the formation of the substance as the sum of the heats or the enthalpies of all the processes that took place. Thus the total heat has to be obtained in an additive manner.
The compound that we are trying to obtain here is C₆H₁₂O₆ and we can see that the achievement of the compound would have to pass through a number of processes. All the reactions that can be used to obtain the desired products have been shown below.
The enthalpy cycles are;
6 C(s) + 6 O₂(g) ⇒ 6 CO₂(g) ΔHc = 6*(-395) = - 2,370 kJ/mol
6 H₂(g) + 3 O₂(g) ⇒ 6 H₂O(l) ΔHc = 6*(-269.4) = -1,616. kJ/mol
6 CO₂(g) + 6 H₂O(l) ⇒ 6 O₂(g) + C₆H₁₂O₆(s) ΔHc = -1*(-2900) = 2900 kJ/mol
Learn more about enthalpy:brainly.com/question/13996238
#SPJ1
Which formula represents a molecular compound? A) Ar B) NaI C) N2O4 D) All of the above
The remaining product, N2O4 N 2 O 4, is a superb illustration of the a molecular compound because it is made entirely of non-metal components.
A molecular substance can be identified by its formula, but how?Typically, two or more non metallic components make up a molecular complex.Molecular compounds are termed using the stem of the first element's name plus the suffix -ide, followed by the second element.
An molecular compound example is what?Chemical substances known as molecules or discrete molecules are known as molecular compounds.Examples include common compounds like water (H2O) & carbon dioxide (CO2)
To know more about molecular compound visit:
https://brainly.com/question/23088724
#SPJ4
produces pyruvate. the multienzyme complex catalyzes the oxidative of pyruvate to yield carbon dioxide and acetyl coa. the overall equation for
Pyruvate is a byproduct of glycolysis.The oxidative deacetylation of pyruvate to produce carbon dioxide and acetyl CoA is catalyzed by the multienzyme complex dopamine dehydrogenase complex (PDH complex).Pyruvate + CoA + NAD+ ----> Acetate CoA + NADH + H++ CO2. Acetyl CoA ———- Citric Acid Cycle is the general equation for the reaction.
How is acetyl CoA produced from pyruvate?Coenzyme A is joined with the oxidized two-carbon acetyl group to generate acetyl CoA.
What enzyme is in charge of turning pyruvate into acetyl CoA?The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) enzyme, which is a component of the multienzyme PDC and is frequently described to as a "gatekeeper" in the oxidation of carbohydrates, catalyzes the physiologically irreversible conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.
To know more about yield carbon dioxide visit:
https://brainly.com/question/14995953
#SPJ4
a student observed crystals starting to form at a temperature of 65.5 degree C in a solution containing 4.52 g of solute in 2.75 g of water. express the solubility in g solute/100g water
The solubility in g solute/100g water of the solute is 164.4 g solute / 100 g of water.
What is the solubility of a solute?The solubility of a solute is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent or solution at a particular temperature.
The amount of solute can be given in grams or in moles. Also, the amount of solvent or solution can be given in liters or in grams.
Hence, the unit of solubility is in mol/L, g/L, g/g or mol/g.
The maximum amount of solute that dissolves in 2.75 g of water at 65.5 degree Celsius is 4.52 g
Hence, the amount that can dissolve in 100 g of water = 4.52/2.75 * 100
The amount that can dissolve in 100 g of water = 164.4 g solute / 100 g of water.
Learn more about solubility at: https://brainly.com/question/24057916
#SPJ1
a permanent split capacitor (psc) motor that is running and up to speed will have the____ start winding .
The start winding of a permanent split capacitor (PSC) motor will be: A) activated when the motor is running and up to speed.
An electric motor is what?
An electric motor is a device that is created and manufactured in electrical engineering to transform electrical energy into kinetic energy, particularly using electromagnetic induction.
What is permanent split capacitor (PSC) ?
A single-phase alternating current (AC) motor is referred to as a permanent split capacitor (PSC) motor if the capacitor is permanently linked as opposed to being attached only when the motor is starting.
This finally suggests that a permanent split capacitor (PSC) motor's start winding is activated when it is operating and moving at a high rate of speed.
Visit here to learn more about electric motors: brainly.com/question/479333
#SPJ4
Balance the reaction of H2 + O2 = H2O using this chemical equation balancer!
Answer:
2 H2 + O2 ---> 2 H2O
Explanation:
Amount in the beginning:
- Left side : 2 H and 2 O
- Right side: 2H and 1 O
You need the same amount of H en O on each side. You are missing 1 O on the right side, so you add another one by placing 2 infront of O on the left side. Now the O is balenced.
The H is out of balance now. You have 4 on the right side and 2 on the left side. So you add 2 H on the left side, by putting a 2 ahead of H2. Now you have 4H in total on the left and on the right side. The reaction is now balenced.
why we needed to standardize the 0.1M NaOH solution used in sectino and what this standard involved?
To determine the precise concentration of a solution whose concentration is uncertain, it is necessary to standardize a NaO H solution.
To obtain an equivalency point and determine the unknown concentration, standardization involves titrating a known volume of N and O H with an acid in a flask.
Because N an O H is hygroscopic in nature—that is, it absorbs water from the air and changes its mass as a result—we cannot determine the precise molarity even when we employ a precise mass balance. The molarity also varies when the mass does. As a result, N an O H standardization is implemented.
For more information on the standardization of NaOH kindly visit to
https://brainly.com/question/26659980
#SPJ4
How many grams in 8.25 moles of CH4
Answer:
[tex] \huge{ \boxed{132 \: g}}[/tex]
Explanation:
To find the mass of the molecule given it's number of moles, we first find the molar mass of [tex] CH_4 [/tex] after that we use the formula;
mass(g) = Molar mass (g/mol) × moles
Molar mass of [tex] {CH_4} [/tex] = 12 +4(1) = 12+4 = 16 g/mol
number of moles = 8.25 mol
mass = 16 × 8.25 = 132
We have the final answer as
132 g
the aluminum sample is dissolved in hcl and h2 gas is produced and collected over water. the volume of h2 gas produced is 73.8 ml. what is the volume of gas, in liters? ***do not enter units with your answer. do not use scientific notation. correct significant figures are required\.\***
The volume of gas is 62.2 L
The balance chemical equation is
2Al + 6 H+ → 2Al3+ + 3H2
n al/nH2 = 2/3
nH2 = 3/2 nAl
nAl = given mass / molar mass = 42/27 = 1.56 mol
nH2 = 3 × 1.56/2 = 2.34 mol
so, accordingly to ideal generation PV = nRT
V = nRT/P
T = 30 degree celsius = 303K
V = 62.2 L
The amount of occupied three-dimensional space is measured in volume. It is typically expressed quantitatively using SI-derived units (such the cubic meter and liter) as well as other imperial or US-standard units (such as the gallon, quart, cubic inch). By the definition of length, volume and length are connected (cubed). The volume of a container is commonly understood to be its carrying capacity, or the amount of fluid (liquid or gas) that it could hold, as opposed to how much actual space the container occupies.
In the past, standardized containers were used to calculate volume first, followed by naturally occurring vessels of a similar shape. A number of simple three-dimensional shapes have volumes that can be calculated using mathematical methods.
Learn more about volume here:
https://brainly.com/question/24189159
#SPJ4
When molecules begin to react, the rate of the forward reaction is faster than the rate of the reverse reaction. true or false?
When molecules begin to react, then the rate of the forward reaction is faster than the rate of reverse reaction: true
Why forward reaction is faster than reverse?When molecules begin to react, rate of the forward reaction is faster than reverse reaction. As reactants are consumed and products accumulated, the rate of the forward reaction decreases and rate of the reverse reaction increases.
Greater is the activation energy, slower is the reaction. Therefore, reverse reaction, for the exothermic reaction, has a greater activation energy than the forward reaction. Therefore, the reverse reaction proceeds at a slower rate than the forward reaction.
To know more about forward and reverse reaction, refer
https://brainly.com/question/11365485
#SPJ4
Decide whether or not each of the following metals dissolves in 1 M HCl. For the metals that do dissolve, write a balanced redox reaction showing what happens when the metal dissolves. Identify all of the phases in your answer.
A. Zn
B. Co
C. Na
All the mentioned metals, that is zinc, cobalt and nickel react with hydrochloric acid.
The chemical reaction is as follows -
Zn + 2HCl -> [tex] ZnCl_{2}[/tex] + [tex] H_{2}[/tex]
Co + 2HCl -> [tex] CoCl_{2}[/tex] + [tex] H_{2}[/tex]
2Na + 2HCl -> 2NaCl + [tex] H_{2}[/tex]
In these balanced redox chemical reaction, reactants are Zinc, Cobalt, Sodium and Hydrochloric acid. The products are [tex] ZnCl_{2}[/tex] represents zinc chloride, [tex] CoCl_{2}[/tex] represents cobalt chloride, NaCl represents sodium chloride and [tex] H_{2}[/tex] hydrogen.
The metals in the above reactions are in solid phase and react to release the hydrogen gas. The salts are also in solid form. However, the reaction between cobalt and hydrochloric acid leads no visible reaction.
Learn more about chemical reactions -
https://brainly.com/question/11231920
#SPJ4
complete the sentences to explain how a mutation can decrease the activity of a protein. match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.
If the mutation replaces one or more amino acids that do not form the same types of R group interactions as in the functional group protein, then the structure of the resulting protein can be altered so much that it has little or no functional activity.
A mutation is defined as a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations usually result from errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens or a viral infection.
Hereditary mutations includes cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and sickle cell disease. Also other mutations can happen on their own throughout a person's life. These are generally called as sporadic, spontaneous, or new mutations. They affect only few cells.
Learn more about mutation from the link given below.
https://brainly.com/question/17130462
#SPJ4
A Cycle of Chemical Reactions of Copper PRE-LABORATORY ASSIGNMENT Finish the pre-laboratory assignments before the laboratory experiment. Read the manual of this experiment and complete the following questions. 1. a. Identify oxidation-reduction reactions in the copper cycle experiment. For each oxidation-reduction reaction, write half reactions to show what is oxidized and what is reduced. Identify acid-base reactions and precipitation reactions in the copper cycle experi- ment. Write equations for the corresponding reactions. b. How many mL of 3.0 M NAOH are required to neutralize 4.0 mL of 16.0 M HNO2? 2. 1N Copper. AplL tions and interpreting them in terms of chemical equations. You will also use a simple classification scheme for grouping chemical reactions by type. Finally, you will practice quantitative lab techniques by trying to recover the copper with minimal loss. AN OVERVIEW OF THE COPPER CYCLE One of the most fascinating aspects of laboratory experiments to new chemistry students is the variety of colors, odors, and textures encountered. The present experiment demonstrates that aspect by a sequence of striking changes in color, appearance, and bulk. By going through this experiment, students will develop laboratory techniques by the challenges of shepherding copper through all chemical changes with minimal loss. A schematic outline of the chemical reactions involved in the experiment is shown in Figure 5-1 HNO Cu(NO)2 Cu (1) NaOH (2) Zn (5) Cu(OH), 9VOA CUSO je() A (heat) 1000 Ht H,SO Cuo Figure 5-1. A schematic outline of the series of chemical reactions in the copper cycle. The overall copper cycle is then given as Cu(NO,)2(aq) Cu(s) Cu(OH)2(s) CuO(s) CUSO,(aq) Cu(s) The balanced equations corresponding to these steps are: Nitric acid is not only a strong acid but also a strong oxidizing agent, making it a very effective solvent for most metals. 1. (1) 4HNO,(aq)+ Cu(s) Cu(NOs)2(aq) + 2H20(l) + 2NO2(g) Many heavy metals form insoluble hydroxides which can be precipitated from solutions by sol- uble hydroxides such as NaOH. 2. (2) Cu(OH)2(s) + 2NANO,(aq) Cu(NO,)2laq) + 2NaOH(aq) Many transition metal hydroxides lose water upon heating, thus changing to oxides. For copper, this reaction happens at a relatively lower temperature and is accompanied by a striking color change, from blue to black. 3. (3) Cu(OH)2(s)Cu0(s) + H20(e) 4. Metal oxides, being base an hydrides, form salts with acids just as readily as do the bases themselves. CuO(s) + H,SO(aq) CuSO(aq) + H20(e) (4) 5. Chemically active metals, such as zinc, readily displace less active metals from their salts. CuSO&(aq) + Zn(s) Cu(s) + ZnSO(aq) (5) 6. The reaction used to remove excess Zn(s) left over from eq(5): Zn(s) +2H*(aq) Zn2t(aq) + H(g) (6) The last reaction is not explicitly shown in the cycle, but actually occurs twice. The first reaction is with H from excess HSO, as a side reaction during the reduction of CuSO and the second one is with HCL, as an intentional step for the removal of excess Zn remaining in solution after reduction of Cu2+ to Cu. Each equation, as given above, describes one of the colorful transformations, but it is easy to lose sight of their physical meaning if you merely look upon them as a bunch of symbols written on paper. To become more familiar with the chemical equations it is essential to try the following: Find out what the compounds, represented by the formulas, actually look like and what their chemical properties are. a. What class of compounds they belong to, e.g. acid, salt, etc., and what the generic properties of this class are, ie. what types of reactions they undergo. b. Similarly, try to categorize the equations (actually, the reactions they represent): oxidation- reduction (redox) reaction, acid-base reaction, precipitation reaction, replacement reaction, C. etc CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Precipitation In a precipitation reaction, two soluble substances react to form an insoluble compound, e.g. (7) CaCl2+ Na COs CaCO,(s) + 2NaCl CACO3 is insoluble in water so this salt will form a precipitate and fall out of the solution. 45 LAB 5: A CYCLE OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF COPPER
1 . a.
Solution :
a. The oxidation reduction reactio is
1. HNO₃ + Cu(3) --> Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2H₂O(l) + 2NO₂(g)
Half reaction
oxidation --> Cu(s) --> Cu(NO₃)₂(aq)
reduction --> HNO₃ -->NO₂
copper is oxidized and nitrogen is reduced
2 -> CuSO₄(aq) + zn(s) --> Cu(s) + ZnSO₄(aq)
Half reaction .
oxidation --> Zn(s) --> ZnSO4(aq)
Reduction --> CuSO₄ (aq) --> Cu(s)
zinc is oxidized and copper is reduced.
3 -> Zn(s) + 2H⁺(aq) --> Zn²⁺(aq) + H₂(g)
oxidation --> Zn(s) --> Zn²⁺(aq)
Reduction --> 2H⁺(aq) -->H₂(g)
Zinc is oxidized and hydrogen is reduced .
b . Acid - base reaction
CuO(s) + H₂SO₄(aq) -->CuSO₄(aq) + H₂O(l)
precipitation reaction
Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2NAOH(aq) -->Cu(OH)₂ + 2NANO₃
2 . 21.33 mL of 3.0 M NAOH are required to neutralize 4.0 mL of 16.0 M HNO2
1 mole of NAOH required to neutralized the
1 mole of HNO₃
NAOH + HNO₃ --> H₂O +NANO₃
(M₁V₁)NAOH = (M₂V₂)HNO2
3 * V₁ = 4 * 16
V₁ = 64/3
V₁= 21.33 ml
The term oxidation was originally used to describe the reaction in which an element combines with oxygen.
Example: The reaction of magnesium metal with oxygen to form magnesium oxide involves the oxidation of magnesium.
The term reduction comes from the Latin root and means "to undo". So anything that goes back to magnesium metal is a reduction.
The reaction of magnesium oxide with carbon at 200°C to form magnesium metal and carbon monoxide is an example of the reduction of magnesium oxide to magnesium metal.
electrons were discovered, the chemist became convinced that redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one of his atoms to another.
Learn more about oxidation and reduction here : https://brainly.com/question/4222605
#SPJ4
Can someone help me answer these questions? giving brainliest 50 point!!!
What is it called when electrons are shared?; What is the attraction for shared electrons?; What is the attraction one atom has towards an electron called?
When electrons are shared between two atoms, they make a bond called a covalent bond
A non-polar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond that occurs when two atoms share electrons equally. As a result, the number of electrons shared by the neighboring atoms in an atom would be equal.
Since the difference in electronegativity is usually small, the covalent bond is often referred to as nonpolar. It also means that there is no charge separation between the two atoms or that their electronegativity is identical. When atoms that share a polar bond arrange themselves in such a way that their electric charges cancel each other out, this type of bond is formed.
A non-polar covalent bond may form between two non-metal atoms that are the same or between atoms that are different.
Non-polar covalent compounds are covalent compounds that have no difference in electronegativity. There is no improvement in electronegativity in these compounds because bond pairs of electrons do not move towards the bonded atoms.
To know more about Covalent bond
https://brainly.com/question/10777799
#SPJ4
Which of the following statements about nonmetals is true?
a. Nonmetals tend to gain electrons to increase their mass.
b. Nonmetals tend to lose electrons to to form positive ions.
c. Nonmetals tend to gain electrons to obtain a noble gas electron configuration.
d. none of the above
c. Nonmetals tend to gain electrons to obtain a noble gas electron configuration.
A nonmetal will tend to gain a number of electrons that will give it the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas, meaning a full valence shell, which is a stabilizing characteristic.
Nonmetals tend to gain electrons to obtain a noble gas electron configuration. Option C.
Non-metals tend to acquire many electrons giving the closest noble gas electronic configuration. This means a perfect valence shell, which is a stabilizing property. Non-metallic atoms gain electrons The extreme energy levels of non-metallic atoms are nearly full.
Only a few electrons are required to fill the outer surface of a nonmetallic atom. As such, non-metallic atoms tend to accept electrons from other atoms. Non-metals on the right side of the periodic table tend to accept electrons due to their relatively high ionization energies. Non-metals are said to have high electronegativity because they tend to accept electrons to achieve a perfect outer shell.
Learn more about Nonmetals here:- https://brainly.com/question/23938148
#SPJ4
Osmotic pressure of the solution is 570 mmHg at
Osmotic pressure of the solution will be 818.203 Pa. Osmotic pressure prevents water from passing through a semipermeable membrane.
What is osmotic pressure ?Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure required to prevent the inward flow of a solution's pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane. It is also defined as the measure of a solution's proclivity to absorb a pure solvent via osmosis.
Osmotic pressure of a solution is defined by the formula,
π = MRT
where π = Osmotic pressure
M = Molarity of the solution
R = Ideal gas constant
T = Temperature in °K
40 grams of glucose was dissolved in water so the Molarity of the solution will be,
M = no of moles of solute / Volume of solution
Moles of solute = weight of solute taken / volume of solution
= 40 / 180
= 2 /9 moles
Morarity = (2/9) / 0.7
= 0.3175 mole per liter
Value of ideal gas constant 'R' = 8.314 J K^-1 Mol^-1
T = 37°C = (273 + 37)° K
= 310°K
Now by substituting these values in the formula,
π = 0.3175 * 8.314 * 310
= 818.203 Pa
Therefore, osmotic pressure of the solution will be 818.203 Pa.
Complete Question :
The osmotic pressure of a solution is calculated using the formula Π=MRT where Π is the osmotic pressure in atm, M is the molarity, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the kelvin temperature. Part A What is the osmotic pressure of a solution made by dissolving 40.0 g of glucose, C6H12O6, in enough water to form 700.0 mL of solution at 37.0 ∘C ?
To learn more about osmotic pressure refer :
https://brainly.com/question/25904085
#SPJ1
