Internal and external reconstruction are two approaches used by companies to address financial difficulties and reorganize their operations.
While both methods aim to improve the financial position of the company, they differ in their approach and the involvement of external parties.
1. Internal Reconstruction:
Internal reconstruction refers to a process where a company undertakes measures internally to restructure its operations and financial structure. It involves making changes to the company's capital, shares, assets, liabilities, or business operations to address financial issues and improve its viability.
Key features of internal reconstruction include:
- Recapitalization: The company may reduce its share capital, cancel or reclassify shares, or issue new shares to address existing financial obligations.
- Debt restructuring: The company may negotiate with creditors to modify repayment terms, reduce interest rates, or convert debt into equity.
- Asset restructuring: The company may dispose of unprofitable or non-core assets, streamline operations, or change the nature of its business to focus on more profitable areas.
- Cost-cutting measures: The company may implement cost reduction strategies, such as workforce downsizing, expense control, or operational efficiency improvements.
Internal reconstruction is typically carried out under the supervision and approval of the company's management and board of directors. It allows the company to retain control over the restructuring process and maintain confidentiality regarding its financial difficulties.
2. External Reconstruction:
External reconstruction, also known as corporate reorganization or external administration, involves seeking external intervention and assistance to restructure the company. It often occurs when a company is facing severe financial distress, insolvency, or bankruptcy. External reconstruction aims to salvage the viable parts of the business, protect stakeholders' interests, and maximize the value of the company's assets.
Key features of external reconstruction include:
- Appointment of external administrators: Insolvency professionals, such as receivers, administrators, or liquidators, are appointed to take control of the company's affairs and assets.
- Legal proceedings: The company may initiate or become subject to legal proceedings, such as schemes of arrangement, voluntary administration, receivership, or liquidation, as prescribed by applicable insolvency laws.
- Stakeholder involvement: Creditors, shareholders, and other stakeholders play a significant role in decision-making regarding the company's future, including approving or rejecting restructuring proposals.
- Sale of assets or business: The external administrators may sell the company's assets, divisions, or business operations to repay creditors or secure new investors.
In summary, internal reconstruction focuses on internally initiated measures and adjustments to improve the company's financial situation, while external reconstruction involves external intervention, legal proceedings, and stakeholder involvement to address severe financial distress or insolvency. The choice between internal and external reconstruction depends on the company's specific circumstances, the severity of financial difficulties, and the availability of viable s for restructuring.
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In the approach portion of the presentation, prospect’s needs
are assessed and matched to the company’s products.
True
False
In the approach portion of the presentation, prospect’s needs are identified. This statement is true. During the approach portion of the presentation, the presenter greets the audience, establishes a rapport with the prospect, and seeks to identify the prospect’s needs.
The approach is the first stage of the sales presentation, where the seller introduces themselves to the prospect, creates a good impression, and finds out the prospect's needs.
At this stage, the seller should establish a positive relationship with the buyer by introducing themselves, welcoming the prospect, thanking them for the opportunity to speak with them, and acknowledging that the prospect's time is valuable.
A well-prepared approach is essential to create a positive impression and win the buyer's trust. It is a golden opportunity for the seller to make the buyer feel important and cared for. The approach portion of the presentation is critical since it sets the tone for the rest of the presentation.
When the seller has identified the prospect's needs, they will tailor their presentation to meet those specific requirements. The seller must be mindful of the prospect's body language, responses, and questions during the approach portion of the presentation, as this will provide valuable clues about what the prospect wants and needs.
By focusing on the prospect's needs, the seller will create a personalized approach, which can result in a better conversion rate.
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Consider the savings problem maxs≥0
E{U[(Yc − s) + δU(sx~)]}
Assume U(c) = E[c] − ½χσc²
Show that if x~A SSD x~B with E[x~A] = E[x~A], then sA > sB
Since the problem involves maximizing the objective function, we can compare the resulting optimal savings to establish sA > sB.
To show that sA > sB, let's first expand the savings problem:
max s≥0 E{U[(Yc - s) + δU(sx~)]}
Where:
U(c) = the utility function of consumption.
Y = income.
c = consumption.
s = savings.
δ = time discount factor.
xA and xB represent two different random variables with distributions A and B, respectively.
Assuming U(c) = E[c] - ½χσc², we can rewrite the savings problem as:
max s≥0 E{[(Yc - s) + δ(E[sx~] - ½χσsx~²)]}
Now, suppose xA and xB are two random variables with distributions A and B, respectively, and E[xA] = E[xB].
To demonstrate that sA > sB, we need to compare the optimal savings for each random variable.
By substituting xA and xB into the savings problem, we can calculate the optimal savings sA and sB for each case. Since the problem involves maximizing the objective function, we can compare the resulting optimal savings to establish sA > sB.
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Case Scenario-
Covid 19 pandemic manifested declining the economic growth rate for every nation. Moreover, Russia - Ukraine crisis can accelerate the economic recession for the world. In one hand, Twain case become the major part for global economy. The world faces the several problems due to various complicated situations. Among of these factors, Myanmar has unique problem for its concern. Myanmar business environment become more shrinkage for make proper business operations than previous days. The major actors of world shifting can significantly impact on Myanmar's cconomy and political situation. Can you predict the conditions of Myanmar's coonomy in near future? Please make analysis based on academic perspectives by making careful
1. Newly elected India president.
2. Trip to Asia of Nancy Pelosi and US-China Tension
3. Russia- Ukraine crisis
4. Civil-Military relations of Myanmar
Task required 1 Briefly discuss the changing world environment in terms of politic, economic and public health issues.
Task required 2 Summarize the Myanmar's current economic conditions
Task required 3 Predict the future Myanmar's business environment situation by analysis above mentioned facts.
"Analysis of Myanmar's Economy Conditions" The purpose of this assignment is to-
1. Discuss how to coverage of globalization and the global business environment.
2. Explore "Culture in the Global Workplace," which covers how people in different cultures view time, work, cultural change, and material culture.
3. Learn about political, legal, and economic systems as integrated systems of political economy by absorbing the topic of economic systems.
4. Explain economic development and how it is measured.
5. Describe the benefits, volume, and patterns of international trade.
6. Describe the policy instruments governments use to promote and restrict FDI.
7. Outline the levels of economic integration and its debate.
8. Explain the importance of the international capital market.
The changing world environment, including the newly elected India president, Nancy Pelosi's trip to Asia, US-China tension, and the Russia-Ukraine crisis, along with Myanmar's civil-military relations.
The global environment is currently influenced by several factors, including political, economic, and public health issues. The recent election of a new president in India can have implications for international relations and trade partnerships, potentially affecting Myanmar's economic ties with India. Similarly, Nancy Pelosi's trip to Asia and the ongoing tension between the US and China can impact regional dynamics, trade policies, and investment flows, which can indirectly affect Myanmar's economy.
The Russia-Ukraine crisis is another significant factor that can have global consequences, including potential economic repercussions such as sanctions, trade disruptions, and shifts in energy markets. These developments can indirectly impact Myanmar's economy through their influence on global economic stability and investor sentiment.
Moreover, Myanmar's own civil-military relations play a crucial role in shaping the country's economic environment. Political stability, policy consistency, and the ability to attract foreign direct investment can be influenced by the dynamics between the civilian government and the military, which in turn can impact Myanmar's economic growth and business environment.
Given these factors, predicting the future business environment in Myanmar requires careful analysis and consideration of various academic perspectives. The interplay of globalization, cultural factors, political economy, economic development, international trade, FDI policies, economic integration, and the international capital market all contribute to shaping the overall economic conditions in Myanmar.
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An individual buys an annuity from an insurance company for a single lump sum premium. The annuity wiH pay RM10,000 annually at the end of each year for 15 years. The insurance company invests the premium in a bond which pays annual coupons at the rate of 6% per annum and is redeemable at par in exactly nine years.
(i) Calculate the Macaclay duration of the annuity at an interest rate of 5% per annum effective.
(ii) Calculate the Macaulay duration of the bond at an interest rate of 5% per annum effective.
(iii) Explain whether the insuranice company will make a profit or a loss if interest rates decrease slightly at all terms. (2 marks)
i) Macaclay duration of the annuity at an interest rate of 5% per annum is 10.9376 years ii) Macaulay Duration of Bond is 7.4267 years iii) Hence, the insurance company will make a loss if interest rates decrease slightly at all terms.
(i) Macaulay Duration of the annuity can be calculated using the formula given below:
Macaulay Duration of Annuity =
[(1 x 10,000) + (2 x 10,000) + (3 x 10,000) + .......+ (15 x 10,000)] / 10,000
= [1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + 15] / (1 + 0.05)1
+ [1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + 14] / (1 + 0.05)2 + [1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + 13] / (1 + 0.05)3 + .....+ 1 / (1 + 0.05)15
= 10.9376 years
(ii) Macaulay Duration of Bond can be calculated using the formula given below:
Macaulay Duration of Bond = [1 x (1.06)8/ (1.05)1] + [2 x (1.06)7/ (1.05)2] + [3 x (1.06)6/ (1.05)3] + .....
+ [8 x (1.06)1/ (1.05)8] + [9 x (1.06)0/ (1.05)9]
= 7.4267 years
(iii) If interest rates decrease slightly at all terms then the insurance company will make a loss as both the annuity and the bond have longer durations than their tenures. Therefore, they are more sensitive to interest rate fluctuations. Also, when interest rates decrease the present value of future cash flows increases, which means that the company has to pay out more than what they earn.
Hence, the insurance company will make a loss if interest rates decrease slightly at all terms.
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Pick one leadership style that interests you. Here are a few examples of leadership style:
• Autocratic Leadership
• Bureaucratic Leadership
• Democratic Leadership
• Laissez-faire Leadership
• Authoritarian Leadership
• Participative Leadership
• Delegative Leadership
• Transactional Leadership
• Transformational Leadership
• Pace-Setting Leadership
• Coaching Leadership
• Affiliative Leadership
The goal is for you to learn more about this leadership style and to inform your classmates too.
In your presentation, please cover the following areas
: • Pros and cons of the leadership style
. • What type of tasks are these leaders best and worst at?
• Describe the employee-leadership relationship
. • Describe their communication style.
By embracing the transformational leadership style, leaders can inspire their teams to achieve extraordinary results, foster an environment of growth and innovation, and develop strong relationships based on trust and mutual respect. Understanding the pros and cons, recognizing the tasks where this style is most effective, and appreciating the employee-leadership relationship and communication style will enable leaders to leverage the transformational leadership approach to its fullest potential.
Here's an overview covering the areas you mentioned:
Transformational Leadership:
1. Pros and Cons:
- Pros: Transformational leaders inspire and motivate their followers to achieve exceptional performance and exceed their own expectations. They have a vision, charisma, and the ability to empower and develop their team members. They promote innovation, encourage personal growth, and foster a positive work environment.
- Cons: Transformational leadership can sometimes lead to overly high expectations and burnout among followers. The reliance on the leader's vision and charisma may also result in a dependency on the leader, potentially hindering independent decision-making and problem-solving.
2. Tasks:
- Best: Transformational leaders excel in situations that require creativity, innovation, and adaptation to change. They thrive in dynamic environments where new ideas and approaches are valued, and they can inspire their team members to embrace and implement these changes.
- Worst: This leadership style may not be as effective in highly structured and routine tasks that require strict adherence to established procedures and limited flexibility. Transformational leaders may find it challenging to navigate tasks that require a focus on efficiency, strict adherence to guidelines, and maintaining a stable status quo.
3. Employee-Leadership Relationship:
- Transformational leaders foster a strong and positive employee-leadership relationship. They create a supportive and trusting environment where employees feel valued and encouraged to reach their full potential. These leaders invest in developing their followers, providing mentorship, coaching, and opportunities for growth. The relationship is characterized by mutual respect, open communication, and a shared vision for the organization's success.
4. Communication Style:
- Transformational leaders employ an open and inclusive communication style. They actively listen to their team members' ideas and concerns, encourage two-way communication, and provide constructive feedback. They effectively articulate their vision and inspire others through persuasive and motivational communication. These leaders promote transparency and create a sense of shared purpose and ownership among their followers.
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On September 1, Zlegler Corporation had 62,000 shares of $5 par value common stock, and $186,000 of retained earnings. On that date, when the market price of the stock is $15 per share, the corporation issues a 2 -for-1 stock split. The general journal entry to record this transaction is: Multiple Choice Debit Retained Earnings $310,000; credit Common Stock $310.000. Debit Retained Earnings $310.000; credit Stock Splt Poyable $310.000. Debit Retained Famings $930,000, crecir Common 5 tock $930,000 Debit Retained Earnings $310,000; credit Common Stock $310,000. Debit Retained Earnings $310,000; credit Stock Split Payable $310,000. Debit Retained Earnings $930,000; credit Common Stock $930,000. No entry is made for this transaction. Debit Retained Earnings $930,000; credit Common Stock Split Distributable $930,000.
The correct journal entry to record the stock split transaction is: Debit Retained Earnings $930,000; credit Common Stock $930,000.
A 2-for-1 stock split means that for each existing share, two new shares are issued. In this case, Zlegler Corporation had 62,000 shares, so after the split, there will be 124,000 (62,000 x 2) shares outstanding. The par value remains the same at $5 per share. Therefore, the increase in the number of shares (62,000 x 2) is multiplied by the par value ($5) to determine the total increase in common stock, which is $620,000 (62,000 x 2 x $5). The remaining increase of $310,000 represents the transfer from retained earnings. Hence, the journal entry is Debit Retained Earnings $930,000 and credit Common Stock $930,000. This reflects the distribution of additional shares and the corresponding reduction in retained earnings.
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Angela is starting her first day of work at a new company. She understands the importance of knowing the different levels of managers from the top down to her boss. To understand the unbroken line of authority to her position, Angela should review the __________.
mission Statement
core executive team
organizational structure
chain of command
To familiarize herself with the hierarchy within her new company, Angela should review the organizational structure, which outlines the unbroken line of authority from the top-level managers to her immediate supervisor.
On her first day of work at a new company, Angela recognizes the significance of understanding the hierarchical structure and reporting relationships within the organization. This knowledge is crucial for her to navigate the chain of command effectively and comprehend her place within the larger framework. By reviewing the organizational structure, Angela can gain insights into the various levels of management, from the top executive team down to her direct supervisor.
The organizational structure typically provides a visual representation or description of how the company is divided into departments, units, or divisions, and how authority and communication flow through different levels. It outlines the reporting lines, clarifying who reports to whom, and helps employees understand the unbroken line of authority from the highest-ranking executives to their respective positions. By studying the organizational structure, Angela can develop a better understanding of her role, responsibilities, and the overall decision-making process within the company.
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Modern Gemstone paid $155,000 in dividends and $220,000 in interest expenses. The addition to retained earnings is $325,000 and net new equity is $50,000. The tax rate is 25%. Sales are $1,600,000 and depreciation is $160,000. What are the earnings before interest and taxes?
The earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) for Modern Gemstone is $590,000.
Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) is calculated by subtracting interest expenses and dividends from the addition to retained earnings and net new equity. In this case, the addition to retained earnings is $325,000 and net new equity is $50,000, so the total increase in equity is $375,000. Subtracting the dividends of $155,000 and interest expenses of $220,000 from the increase in equity gives us $375,000 - ($155,000 + $220,000) = $590,000.
EBIT is a measure of a company's operating profitability and does not take into account the effects of interest and taxes. It provides insight into how well a company is generating earnings from its core operations before considering financing costs and tax implications.
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Offering a new product to an established or new market, offering an established product to a new market, or creating an new organizaiton.
Three possible business strategies include: offering a new product to an established or new market, offering an established product to a new market, or creating a new organization.
When considering business strategies, companies have various options to pursue growth and market expansion. One strategy is to introduce a new product to either an established market or a new market. This approach involves developing and launching a unique product that meets the needs and preferences of consumers in the target market. By offering something different or innovative, companies can attract customers and gain a competitive edge.
Another strategy is to take an established product and introduce it to a new market. This approach involves identifying untapped markets or segments that may have a demand for the product but have not been targeted previously. Companies can leverage their existing product's reputation, features, or brand recognition to penetrate new markets and reach a wider customer base.
Lastly, creating a new organization refers to establishing a completely new business entity, which could involve developing a new product or offering unique services in the market. This strategy requires building the necessary infrastructure, resources, and capabilities to operate and compete in the chosen industry.
Overall, these three strategies offer companies different avenues for growth and market expansion, allowing them to diversify their offerings, reach new customers, and capitalize on untapped opportunities.
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The Berjaya Manufacturing Company (BMC) produces an industrial chemical
product. At the beginning of the year, BMC had the following standard costing sheet:
Direct materials (10 kg at RM1.60) 16.00
Direct labour (0.75 hr at RM18.00 per hr) 13.50
Fixed overhead (0.75 hr at RM4.00 per hr) 3.00
Variable overhead (0.75 hr at RM3.00 per hr)2.25
RM
The actual results for the year are as follows:
• Unit produced: 70,000.
• Direct materials purchased: 745,000 kg at RM1.50 per pound.
• Direct materials used: 738,000 kg.
• Direct labour: 56,000 hours at RM1,002,400.
• Fixed overhead: RM215,000.
• Variable overhead: RM175,400.
Required: a) Compute material price variance and material quantity variance. Find the total
variance and explain your answer. b) Compute direct labour rate variance and direct labour efficiency variance. Find
the total variance and explain your answer.
a) Material price variance: RM22,200 (Favorable). Material quantity variance: RM8,850 (Adverse). Total material variance: RM13,350 (Favorable).
b) Direct labor rate variance: RM12,400 (Favorable). Direct labor efficiency variance: RM9,000 (Adverse). Total labor variance: RM3,400 (Favorable).
The direct labor rate variance is RM2,400 favorable, indicating that the actual labor rate was lower than the standard rate. The direct labor efficiency variance is RM8,400 unfavorable, suggesting that more labor hours were required to produce the units. The total variance is RM6,000 unfavorable, indicating inefficiencies in labor usage.
The material price variance is computed by multiplying the difference between the actual material price and the standard material price by the actual quantity of materials used. In this case, the favorable variance of RM13,500 suggests that BMC purchased materials at a lower price than anticipated, resulting in cost savings.
The total variance is the sum of the material price variance and the material quantity variance. In this case, the favorable total variance of RM6,300 suggests that despite using more materials than planned, the cost savings from purchasing materials at a lower price offset the increased usage, resulting in overall cost savings.
The direct labor rate variance is determined by multiplying the difference between the actual labor rate and the standard labor rate by the actual labor hours. The favorable variance of RM2,400 indicates that BMC paid a lower hourly rate for labor than the standard rate, resulting in cost savings.
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M1 differs from M2 because
A) M1 is less liquid than M2
B) M1 includes demand deposits and M2 does not
C) M1 includes only the most liquid forms of money and M2 includes all of M1 and some less liquid items
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
M1 differs from M2 because*C) M1 includes only the most liquid forms of money and M2 includes all of M1 and some less liquid items.
M1 and M2 are monetary aggregates used by economists and policymakers to measure the money supply within an economy. M1 represents a narrower definition of money, consisting of currency (physical cash) held by the public and demand deposits (checking accounts). On the other hand, M2 is a broader measure that includes all of M1 and adds other less liquid forms of money, such as savings deposits, time deposits, and certain money market funds. Therefore, M1 represents the most liquid forms of money available for immediate transactions, while M2 encompasses a broader range of money, including both highly liquid and less liquid items. Hence, option C is the correct answer.
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calculate the variable costs per unit within the relevant range
To calculate the variable costs per unit within the relevant range, you need two pieces of information: the total variable costs and the number of units produced within that relevant range.
The formula to calculate variable costs per unit is:
Variable Costs per Unit = Total Variable Costs / Number of Units
Let's say you have a manufacturing company that incurred $10,000 in total variable costs and produced 2,000 units within the relevant range. Using the formula above, you can calculate the variable costs per unit as follows:
Variable Costs per Unit = $10,000 / 2,000 = $5 per unit
Therefore, the variable costs per unit within the relevant range for this example is $5. This means that, on average, each unit produced incurs $5 in variable costs.
It's important to note that the relevant range refers to the range of activity or production level where the company expects its variable costs to remain relatively constant per unit. Costs may change if the activity level exceeds the relevant range or if there are other factors that affect variable costs, such as economies of scale or changes in input prices.
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The top industry in Vietnam is Manufacturing and Service (Masan Group in Vietnam). Using the relevant data, external resources and graphs for this firm, discuss (add assumptions if necessary):and answer the question below
Which types of capital are important for your selected firm.
Under which scenarios, the firm obtains increasing marginal product of capital
Under which scenarios, the firm encounters diminishing total returns to capital.
Update the current gasoline prices now in Vietnam, discuss how it influences the firm’s
production
The Masan Group in Vietnam values physical and human capital. The firm's marginal product of capital increases when it invests in new technology and labor and decreases when it has too much capital and not enough labor or technology. Vietnam's petrol prices raise transportation and raw material costs, affecting manufacturing.
Masan Group requires human and physical capital. Types of money that are important for Masan Group include human and physical capital. Under scenarios where the firm expands production, it obtains increasing marginal product of capital. The firm encounters diminishing total returns to capital if the money is not enough to produce goods and services at their maximum level. The current gasoline prices in Vietnam directly affect Masan Group's production because the company relies on transporting raw materials to production sites and finished products to customers. If gasoline prices increase, Masan Group's production costs will also increase. This will make the products more expensive for consumers, which may reduce demand. If gasoline prices decrease, production costs will be lower and the products can be sold at a lower price, which may increase demand.
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Zagat Inc. enters into an agreement on March 1,2015 , to sell Werner Metal Company aluminum ingots in 2 months. As part of the agreement, Zagat also agrees to repurchase the ingots in 60 days at the original sales price of t200,000 plus 2%. (Because Zagat has an unconditional obligation to repurchase the ingots at an amount greater than the original sales price, the transaction is treated as a financing.)
Instructions
(a) Prepare the journal entry necessary on March 1, 2015.
(b) Prepare the journal entry for the repurchase of the ingots on May 1, 2015.
On March 1, 2015:
Dr. Accounts Receivable $200,000
Cr. Sales Revenue $200,000
This entry records the sale of aluminum ingots by Zagat Inc. to Werner Metal Company for $200,000. It recognizes the revenue from the sale.
On May 1, 2015:
Dr. Accounts Payable $204,000
Cr. Interest Expense $4,000
Cr. Loss on Financing $200,000
This entry reflects the repurchase of the ingots by Zagat Inc. from Werner Metal Company. The repurchase price is $204,000, which includes the original sales price of $200,000 plus 2% interest. The interest expense of $4,000 represents the cost of financing.
The loss on financing of $200,000 is recorded to account for the difference between the repurchase price and the original sales price, as the transaction is treated as a financing arrangement.
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2. [15 points in total ] Suppose the Bank of Canada purchases a Government of Canada bond from Jiamin for $8,000. a. What is the name for the Bank of Canada's action? (1 point) b. Suppose Jiamin deposit the $8,000 in the First National Bank. Show this transaction on First National Bank's T-account. (2 points) First National Bank Assets Liabilities c. Suppose First National Bank decides to keep 10% of its deposits on reserve and to loan out the rest. Show this transaction on the T-account. ( 2 points) First National Bank Assets Liabilities d. At this point, how much money has been created from the Bank of Canada's policy action? ( 2 points) e. What is the value of the money multiplier? (1 point) f. After infinite rounds of depositing and lending, how much money could be created from the Bank of Canada's policy action? (2 points) g. If during the rounds of depositing and lending, some people keep some extra currency and fail to deposit all their receipts, will there be more or less money created from the Bank of Canada's policy action than you found in part (f)? Why? (2 points) h. Suppose that people want to keep 30% currency and 70% deposits, how much money could be created from the Bank of Canada's policy action? (3 points)
a. The name for the Bank of Canada's action is "open market purchase" or "monetary expansion."
b. First National Bank T-account:Assets: Reserves +$8,000Liabilities: Deposits +$8,000c. First National Bank T-account:Assets: Reserves +$800 (10% of $8,000)Loans +$7,200 (90% of $8,000)Liabilities: Deposits +$8,000d. The money created from the Bank of Canada's policy action is $8,000. This is because the Bank of Canada's purchase of the government bond injects $8,000 into the economy, which is now held as a deposit at First National Bank.e. The value of the money multiplier can be calculated using the reserve requirement. In this case, since First National Bank keeps 10% of its deposits as reserves, the reserve requirement is 0.10. The money multiplier is the reciprocal of the reserve requirement, so the value would be [tex]1/0.10 = 10.[/tex]f. After infinite rounds of depositing and lending, the total amount of money that could be created from the Bank of Canada's policy action can be calculated using the money multiplier. Given an initial deposit of $8,000 and a money multiplier of 10, the total money created would be 10 times the initial deposit, which is $[tex]8,000 * 10 = $80,000.[/tex]g. If some people keep extra currency and fail to deposit all their receipts during the rounds of depositing and lending, there will be less money created from the Bank of Canada's policy action than found in part (f). h. If people want to keep [tex]30%[/tex] currency and [tex]70%[/tex] deposits, the effective reserve requirement would be [tex]0.70 (1 - 0.30 = 0.70)[/tex]. The money multiplier would be the reciprocal of the reserve requirement, so the value would be [tex]1/0.70= 1.43[/tex].Therefore, the total money created from the Bank of Canada's policy action would be $[tex]8,000 * 1.43 = $11,440[/tex] (approximately).
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The modern corporation
a. Is concerned about operating profitably above all objectives.
b. Needs to balance maximizing profits while adhering to ever-changing laws.
c. Should also be a good citizen.
d. All of the above.
The modern corporation should also be a good citizen. Option c is correct.
A modern corporation is an organization or group of people that have been granted the legal authority to act as a single entity, with certain privileges and immunities. Corporations exist in order to achieve specific objectives and goals, such as maximizing profits or providing goods and services to customers.
They are usually managed by a board of directors or other governing body that is responsible for making decisions about how the organization will operate. They are subject to various laws and regulations that govern their behavior and conduct in the marketplace
While a corporation's primary objective may be to operate profitably and maximize shareholder returns, it should also take into account its social and environmental impact.
This means that corporations should be responsible for their actions and strive to make a positive impact on society as a whole. In recent years, there has been a growing movement towards corporate social responsibility, which emphasizes the importance of businesses operating in an ethical and sustainable manner.
Therefore, c is correct.
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Which of the following statements is/are correct criteria of the good tax?
a. Good taxation should have more possible effects of distorting relative prices.
b. It is regarded as good tax if various taxpayers with different incomes are taxed the same.
c. It is regarded as good tax if the tax burden is spread fairly among various taxpayers.
d. Administrative simplicity in the tax system ensures neutrality and equality.
a. a, b, c and d
b. a,b and d
c. c and d.
d. b, c and d
Criteria of good tax are as follows:It is regarded as good tax if the tax burden is spread fairly among various taxpayers. It is regarded as a good tax if various taxpayers with different incomes are taxed the same.
Criteria of good tax are as follows:It is regarded as a good tax if the tax burden is spread fairly among various taxpayers.
It is regarded as a good tax if various taxpayers with different incomes are taxed the same.
Administrative simplicity in the tax system ensures neutrality and equality.
Therefore, option (a) a, b, c and d, is the correct answer.
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Zaqyah purchases a 10-year bond with 6% annual coupons. She holds the bond for four years and sell it immediately after receiving the fourth coupon. If the bond's yield to maturity was 5% when she purchased and sold the bond, 1. Calculate the present value of cash flows will she pay and receive from her investment in the bond per RM1000 face value. Please show the path of calculation. 2. Calculate the internal rate of return of her investment. Please show the path of calculation.
To calculate the present value of cash flows for Zaqyah's bond investment, we need to discount the coupon payments and sale proceeds at the bond's yield to maturity rate.
The present value represents the value of Zaqyah's investment per RM1000 face value of the bond. The internal rate of return is calculated by finding the discount rate that equates the present value of cash flows to the initial investment.
Zaqyah's investment in the bond involves cash flows in the form of coupon payments and the final sale proceeds. The present value of these cash flows can be calculated by discounting them at the bond's yield to maturity (YTM) rate. In this case, the bond has a 10-year maturity with annual coupons of 6%. Zaqyah holds the bond for four years and sells it after receiving the fourth coupon. The YTM at the time of purchase and sale is 5%.
To calculate the present value of cash flows, we can use the present value formula. The formula for the present value of a bond's cash flows is:
PV = C/(1+r)^t + C/(1+r)^(t+1) + ... + C/(1+r)^(t+n) + F/(1+r)^n
Where PV is the present value, C is the coupon payment, r is the discount rate (YTM), t is the time period, n is the number of periods, and F is the face value of the bond.
For Zaqyah's investment, she receives coupon payments for four years and the final sale proceeds after four years. The calculation involves discounting each cash flow at the YTM rate and summing them up. The final present value per RM1000 face value of the bond will provide the value of Zaqyah's investment.
To calculate the internal rate of return (IRR) of Zaqyah's investment, we need to find the discount rate that makes the present value of cash flows equal to the initial investment. In this case, the initial investment is the purchase price of the bond. By setting up an equation with the cash flows and the discount rate as unknowns and solving for the rate using numerical methods or financial software, we can determine the IRR of Zaqyah's investment.
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the wacc represents the average __________ for the firm.
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) represents the average cost of financing for the firm.
The WACC takes into account the cost of both debt and equity financing for the firm. It considers the interest expenses associated with debt financing, such as the interest rate on loans and bonds. Additionally, it incorporates the cost of equity financing, which is the return demanded by equity investors to compensate them for the risk they assume by investing in the company. By calculating the weighted average of these costs based on the proportion of debt and equity in the firm's capital structure, the WACC provides a measure of the average cost of financing for the company. It serves as a benchmark for evaluating the profitability and feasibility of investment projects and helps determine the appropriate discount rate for cash flows in financial analysis.
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FILL THE BLANK.
A natural monopoly occurs when the market demand curve crosses the long-run average total cost curve where average total costs (ATC) are still ______________.
A natural monopoly occurs when the market demand curve crosses the long-run average total cost curve where average total costs (ATC) are still decreasing.
What is a natural monopoly?A natural monopoly occurs when the market demand curve intersects with the long-run average total cost curve where average total costs (ATC) are still decreasing. As a result, a single company can provide the goods or services at a lower cost than any potential rival in the industry can. When a company is a natural monopoly, there are significant barriers to entry, making it extremely difficult for new businesses to break into the industry.
A natural monopoly occurs in a variety of industries, including utilities and infrastructure. In order to ensure that customers have access to the services and products that they require, governments have established regulations to govern natural monopolies.
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The project manager of a company developed an improvement alternative where the results showed a productivity increase. The plant manager is not confident with this information and wants to validate the improvement with a 97.5% of confidence level. The expected mean is 20lbs/hr and has a variance of 4bs/hr. The plant manager requested 10 samples: 20.3,23,22,23.5,21.9,24,23,22,22.5,24. Develop the five steps of the hypothesis analysis and determine if the project manager improved the rate from 20lb/hr. The critical value:
Since the t-value (2.36) is greater than the critical value (2.821), we can reject the null hypothesis. Hence, there is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the project manager has improved the rate from 20lb/hr.
Hypothesis Testing The five steps of the hypothesis analysis are as follows: Step 1: Formulate the null hypothesisH0: µ = 20 (Mean weight produced by the project manager is equal to 20lbs/h r)Step 2: Formulate the alternative hypothesisH1: µ > 20 (Mean weight produced by the project manager is greater than 20lbs/ h r)Step 3: Determine the level of significanceα = 1 - 0.975 = 0.025The confidence level is 97.5%, and the level of significance is 2.5%Step 4: Determine the critical value The plant manager wants to validate the improvement with a 97.5% of confidence level. Hence, α = 0.025.The degrees of freedom (df) is n - 1 = 10 - 1 = 9.The critical value from the t-distribution table is 2.821.Step 5: Make a decision The plant manager requested 10 samples: 20.3,23,22,23.5,21.9,24,23,22,22.5,24. Calculate the sample mean.¯ = ∑/n= (20.3+23+22+23.5+21.9+24+23+22+22.5+24)/10= 22.35Based on the sample data, the sample mean is 22.35.The sample variance is:$$s^2 = \frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{10}( x_ i - \bar{x})^2}{n-1}$$$$s^2 = \frac{(20.3-22.35)^2 + (23-22.35)^2 + (22-22.35)^2 + (23.5-22.35)^2 + (21.9-22.35)^2 + (24-22.35)^2 + (23-22.35)^2 + (22-22.35)^2 + (22.5-22.35)^2 + (24-22.35)^2}{10-1}$$$$s^2 = \frac{46.47}{9} = 5.163$$Now, we can calculate the t-value :t = (¯ - µ) / (s / √n)t = (22.35 - 20) / (2 / √10)t = 2.36
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1. Perpectual bonds and preference shares are very similar in nature, but yet they have some differences. In this regards, Which of the following statement is not ture A. they both may be redeemed at the company's discretion
B. the are both for a definte period of time
C. te perpetual bonds have higher priority on liquidation
D. they both pay interest / dividend on a regular basise
e) interest on perpetual bonds is tax deductible but dividend on preference shares are not tax deductible.
Perpetual bonds and preference shares are very similar in nature, but yet they have some differences. The statement that is not true is option B.
They are both for a definite period of time.
Perpetual Bonds:
A perpetual bond is a bond without a maturity date. The issuer pays coupons to the bondholders for the life of the bond, and the principal amount is repaid at the discretion of the issuer. It's a form of debt that has no maturity date or a very long one, meaning that the borrower isn't required to pay it back for a long time.
Preference Shares
preference shares are a type of equity security that pay dividends to shareholders on a regular basis. They are regarded as a hybrid security because they have qualities of both equity and debt. They're referred to as hybrid securities since they have characteristics of both equity and debt. The dividend is usually paid at a fixed rate, and it is frequently paid before the dividend on common shares.
Similarities between Perpetual Bonds and Preference Shares:
Both may be redeemed at the company's discretion, and they both pay interest/dividend on a regular basis.
difference between Perpetual Bonds and Preference Shares
Preference shares have a higher priority on liquidation than perpetual bonds. Also, interest on perpetual bonds is tax-deductible, but dividends on preference shares are not tax-deductible.
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15%-What accounting needs to be done in each of the following cases: A) Attorneys advise us that a loss of of $5,000,000 is possible B) Attorneys advise us the reasonable estimable loss of $3,000,000 is probable C) The probable loss is a range from $2,000,000 to $7,000,000 with $3,000,000 being most likely. D) The probable loss is a range from $2,000,000 to $7,000,000. No one point in the range is more likely E) You are advised by your attorneys that you will probably win the lawsuit you filed and the dollar gain will be $6,000,000
In each of the given cases, specific accounting needs arise due to potential losses or gains resulting from legal matters. The cases involve varying degrees of certainty regarding the outcome, ranging from possible losses to probable losses and potential gains. The appropriate accounting treatment for each scenario will depend on the likelihood and measurability of the potential loss or gain.
A) When attorneys advise that a loss of $5,000,000 is possible, the accounting treatment would generally involve disclosure in the financial statements. This would provide relevant information to users of the financial statements about the potential loss, its nature, and any potential impact on the entity's financial position and performance.
B) When attorneys advise that a reasonable estimable loss of $3,000,000 is probable, the accounting treatment would typically require recognition of a provision. A provision represents a liability that is expected to be incurred and can be reliably estimated. It would be recorded in the financial statements, resulting in a decrease in the entity's net income and an increase in its liabilities.
C) In the case where the probable loss is a range from $2,000,000 to $7,000,000, with $3,000,000 being the most likely amount, the accounting treatment would depend on the level of certainty. If the most likely amount within the range can be reasonably estimated, a provision would be recognized for $3,000,000. However, if a single amount cannot be determined within the range, disclosure in the financial statements would be necessary.
D) When the probable loss is a range from $2,000,000 to $7,000,000 without a single amount being more likely, disclosure would be required in the financial statements. The range of the potential loss should be clearly communicated, along with any relevant qualitative information that assists users in understanding the potential impact.
E) If attorneys advise that a lawsuit is likely to be won, resulting in a dollar gain of $6,000,000, the accounting treatment would depend on the realization of the gain. Generally, gains are recognized in the financial statements when they are realized or realizable, which means the gain is virtually certain. If the gain meets these criteria, it would be recognized, leading to an increase in the entity's net income.
In summary, the accounting needs for each scenario involve disclosure and/or recognition, depending on the likelihood and measurability of the potential loss or gain. Disclosure ensures that users of the financial statements are appropriately informed, while recognition reflects the impact of the potential loss or gain on the entity's financial position and performance.
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What is the current profitability of the electric passenger
vehicle industry?
The current profitability of the electric passenger vehicle industry is growing as the demand for electric vehicles is increasing.
The market is expected to grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of over 20% from 2020 to 2025, driven by factors such as government regulations, technological advancements, and environmental concerns. The rise in fuel prices and the need for energy-efficient transportation are also driving demand for electric vehicles.
Some key players in the electric passenger vehicle industry include Tesla, BMW, Nissan, and General Motors. These companies have been investing heavily in the development of electric vehicles, and their efforts are paying off in terms of increased profitability.
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A recent annual report for Malestrom Inc., disclosed that the company declared and paid dividends on common stock in the amount of $1.50 per share. During the year, Malestrom had 1,003,000,000 authorized shares of common stock and 191,230,000 issued shares. There is no treasury stock.
Required: Assume Malestrom declared the entire dividend (\$1.50 per share) on February 20 and subsequently paid the dividend on March 1 . Prepare a journal entry to record the declaration and payment of dividends. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field. Enter your answers in whole dollars not in millions (i.e., 1,000,000 not 1.0 ).) Journal entry worksheet Note: Enter debits before credits. Journal entry worksheet
The journal entry to record the declaration and payment of dividends by Malestrom Inc. on February 20 and March 1 respectively would involve debiting the Retained Earnings account and crediting the Dividends Payable and Cash accounts.
On February 20, when the dividends were declared, the company would debit the Retained Earnings account to reduce the amount available for distribution to shareholders. The credit would be made to the Dividends Payable account, which represents the liability the company owes to its shareholders for the declared dividends.
On March 1, when the dividends are paid, the company would debit the Dividends Payable account to reduce the liability. The credit would be made to the Cash account, representing the outflow of cash from the company to the shareholders as dividend payments.
The journal entry to record these transactions would be as follows:
On February 20:
Debit Retained Earnings $286,845,000 (191,230,000 shares × $1.50 per share)
Credit Dividends Payable $286,845,000
On March 1:
Debit Dividends Payable $286,845,000
Credit Cash $286,845,000
By recording these journal entries, Maelstrom Inc. properly accounts for the declaration and payment of dividends, ensuring accurate financial reporting and reflecting the reduction in retained earnings and the subsequent cash outflow to shareholders.
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A bakery shop sells a cake. The case must be baked at the beginning of the day. Each unit of cake costs $33 and can be sold for $62. The shop will donate any unsold units for charity. The owner of the shop too many shortages is not desirable. She assumes that there is a penalty cost of $9 for each unit of shortage.
Suppose the shop bakes 78 units of cakes at the beginning of the day (before the shop is open). The demand for the cakes turns out to be 100 units. What is the profit for the day?
Therefore , the solution of the given problem of unitary method comes out to be Stacy's Bake Shop sells cupcakes for less than The Best Cake Shop does according to the idea of unit pricing.
Definition of a unitary method.
Use the tried-and-true fundamental methodology, the real variables, and any useful information you learn from the general and specific questions to complete the assignment. Customers may be given another chance to taste the products in expression response. If these improvements don't happen, we'll lose out on significant advancements in programming comprehension.
Here,
Due to the idea of unit pricing, Stacy's Bake Shop sells cupcakes for less money than The Best Cake Shop.
In order to compare products with varying quantities or sizes, unit pricing, also known as price per unit, is used.
In this instance, Stacy's Bake Shop charges $21 for a dozen cupcakes, hence the price per cupcake is calculated as
=> $21 /12, or $1.75 per cupcake.
On the other hand, The Best Cake Shop charges $12 for a half-dozen cupcakes; this indicates that each cupcake costs $2, or $12 divided by six.
As a result, Stacy's Bake Shop charges $1.75 less each cupcake than The Best Cake Shop, which charges $2.
As a result, Stacy's Bake Shop sells cupcakes for less than The Best Cake Shop does according to the idea of unit pricing.
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A bank makes four kinds of loans to its personal customers, and these loans yield the following interest rates: Home improvement 3.5%, First mortgage 3%, Second mortgage 4%, Personal overdraft 5%.
The bank has a maximum lending capability of £250 million, and is further con- strained by the following policies: First mortgages must be at least 65% of all mortgages issued, and at least 25% of all loans issued (in monetary terms); second mortgages cannot exceed 20% of all loans issued (in monetary terms); to avoid bad publicity and the threat of additional taxation (through a windfall tax), the average interest rate on all loans must not exceed 4%.
a) Formulate the bank’s loan problem as a Linear Program so as to maximise the interest income whilst satisfying the above constraints. b) Solve the problem to find an optimal allocation of funds between the loan types.
c) Do you think this optimal solution is unique? Explain your reasoning.
The optimal solution for the bank's loan allocation problem is not unique. This is because there can be multiple combinations of loan allocations that satisfy the given constraints and maximize the interest income.
To formulate the problem as a Linear Program, let's define the decision variables as follows:
H = Amount allocated to home improvement loans
F = Amount allocated to first mortgages
S = Amount allocated to second mortgages
P = Amount allocated to personal overdrafts
The objective is to maximize the interest income, which can be expressed as:
Maximize: 0.035H + 0.03F + 0.04S + 0.05P
Subject to the following constraints:
H + F + S + P ≤ £250 million (Maximum lending capability)
F ≥ 0.65(F + S) (First mortgage constraint)
F ≥ 0.25(H + F + S + P) (First mortgage monetary constraint)
S ≤ 0.2(H + F + S + P) (Second mortgage monetary constraint)
(0.035H + 0.03F + 0.04S + 0.05P) / (H + F + S + P) ≤ 0.04 (Average interest rate constraint)
By solving this Linear Program using appropriate software or techniques, the optimal allocation of funds between the loan types can be determined, which will maximize the interest income while satisfying all the given constraints.
In summary, the bank's loan problem can be formulated as a Linear Program to maximize interest income while considering various constraints. The optimal solution for loan allocation is not unique, as there can be multiple feasible solutions that meet the constraints and achieve the maximum interest income.
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TRUE / FASLE.
The Revised Uniform Limited Liability Company Act (RULLCA) provides that if there is no prior agreement, profits and losses will be shared proportionately among members according to their respective capital contributions.
FALSE. The Revised Uniform Limited Liability Company Act (RULLCA) does not automatically provide for the sharing of profits and losses proportionately among members.
The statement is false because RULLCA does not specifically mandate that profits and losses in a limited liability company (LLC) should be allocated proportionately according to capital contributions. RULLCA provides default rules that apply in the absence of a prior agreement among LLC members. However, the default rule for profit and loss allocation in RULLCA is based on the "equal shares" principle, where each member receives an equal share regardless of their capital contributions, unless otherwise specified in the LLC's operating agreement.
In other words, if the LLC's operating agreement does not address the allocation of profits and losses, RULLCA defaults to equal sharing. However, the members have the flexibility to deviate from this default rule and create their own profit and loss allocation provisions in the operating agreement. They can agree to allocate profits and losses in proportion to capital contributions or any other agreed-upon method that suits their specific needs.
Therefore, it is important for LLC members to draft a comprehensive operating agreement that clearly outlines how profits and losses will be allocated among them, rather than relying on the default provisions of RULLCA.
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TEAMWORK In most organisations, employees work in teams. (1) In (1965) Dr Bruce Tuckman published his model. He explained how team develops within several stages. Referring to an organisation which you know well, discuss how development of team occurs and the problems faced by both the members and the leader.
Dr. Bruce Tuckman's model outlines the team development process, highlighting challenges faced by team members and leaders in an organization.
In the context of team development, let's consider an organization I am familiar with, Company XYZ. When a new team is formed in Company XYZ, the initial stage is forming, where team members come together, get acquainted, and understand their roles and responsibilities.
During this stage, team members may be polite, but there may be uncertainty and a lack of clarity.
As the team progresses, they move into the storming stage, where conflicts and disagreements arise as members start to assert their ideas and perspectives.
This can lead to challenges such as communication breakdown, power struggles, and difficulty in establishing common goals.
The next stage is norming, where the team starts to establish norms, rules, and procedures for collaboration.
Roles and responsibilities become clearer, and trust begins to develop among team members. However, challenges may still arise, such as resistance to change or difficulty in adapting to new ways of working.
Finally, the team reaches the performing stage, where they have a shared vision, effective communication, and synergy. The team operates efficiently, achieves goals, and demonstrates high levels of collaboration and productivity.
Throughout the team development process, both team members and leaders face challenges. Team members may struggle with conflicts, lack of trust, and difficulty in adapting to new dynamics.
Leaders, on the other hand, may find it challenging to manage diverse personalities, resolve conflicts, and create an environment conducive to collaboration.
To overcome these challenges, effective communication, conflict resolution skills, and strong leadership are crucial. Leaders need to foster a supportive and inclusive culture, encourage open dialogue, provide guidance, and facilitate team building activities to strengthen relationships and enhance team performance.
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A CEO who inspires and motivate others through their character and abilities is an example of a: Transformational leader Charismatic leader Participative leader Authoritarian leader
A CEO who inspires and motivates others through their character and abilities is an example of a transformational leader.
A transformational leader is a leadership style characterized by the ability to inspire and motivate others to achieve exceptional performance and personal growth. They have a strong vision, charisma, and the ability to articulate their goals in a compelling manner. Transformational leaders lead by example, demonstrating high ethical standards, integrity, and a genuine concern for the well-being and development of their followers.
In the given scenario, the CEO exhibits the qualities of a transformational leader by inspiring and motivating others through their character and abilities. They are likely to be influential, charismatic, and capable of creating a positive and engaging work environment. Their leadership style focuses on empowering and developing their team members, encouraging innovation and creativity, and fostering a sense of purpose and ownership among employees. This leadership approach often leads to higher levels of employee satisfaction, commitment, and overall organizational performance.
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