Discuss the following topic(s)
In your opinion, what are the roles of capital market in
providing opportunities for companies (i.e. public listed
companies). Discuss.

No, I do not agree with my friend's opinion that a government, irrespective of nature, has to exercise its power rigorously to implement its taxation policy.

While it is true that a government needs to have some level of authority in order to effectively implement its policies, it is not necessary for it to exercise its power in a rigorous or authoritarian manner. A government can effectively implement its taxation policy through clear communication, transparency, and collaboration with its citizens. By doing so, it can foster trust and compliance with its policies, rather than relying on the use of force or coercion. Therefore, I believe that a government should strive to implement its taxation policy in a fair and democratic manner, rather than relying on the rigorous exercise of its power.

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Answer:

The amount that is charged to each section of Biosfeer, Inc. is calculated using the total expense of $500,000 divided by the total number of workers, which is 250. This equals $2,000 per worker. Thus, the Fabrication section will be charged $240,000 (120 workers x $2,000), the Testing section will be charged $40,000 (20 workers x $2,000), the Painting section will be charged $92,000 (46 workers x $2,000), and the Assembly section will be charged $128,000 (64 workers x $2,000

Explanation:

The free cash flow for Low Risk Inc. in 2014 is $14,480.

To determine Free Cash Flow (FCF) for 2014, you should use financial reports provided by Low Risk Inc. FCF is calculated as:

You can use information from your financial statements to populate the values ​​for each variable.

Change in net working capital:

     = $40,000 - $16,000

     = $24,000

Capital expenditure:

Substituting these values ​​into the formula gives:

                = $14,480

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The financial sanctions are designed to limit or restrict the flow of money and other financial resources to targeted individuals, groups, or entities in an effort to pressure them to change their behavior or policies.

The United States has used financial sanctions as a tool of foreign policy in various countries, including Afghanistan.

In the case of Afghanistan, financial sanctions have been used to target individuals and groups associated with terrorism and the Taliban. These sanctions have included freezing assets, restricting access to financial services, and prohibiting transactions with US persons and entities.

While these sanctions have had some success in limiting the financial resources of targeted individuals and groups, their overall effectiveness on Afghanistan's economy and its people is debatable. On one hand, sanctions can help to isolate and weaken terrorist groups, making it more difficult for them to fund their activities.

On the other hand, sanctions can also have negative consequences for the broader Afghan economy and its people, including inflation, shortages of goods and services, and a decline in economic growth.

In conclusion, the effectiveness of financial sanctions on Afghanistan's economy and its people is a complex and nuanced issue, with both positive and negative impacts. It is important to consider these impacts and weigh them against the intended goals of the sanctions in order to evaluate their overall effectiveness.

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The expected value for a perfect forecast of the state of nature would be 170 (C).

Expected value is a statistical concept that represents the average value of a random variable over an infinite number of trials. It is calculated by multiplying each possible value of the random variable by its corresponding probability and then summing all the values. To calculate this, we need to multiply the payoff from each alternative by the probability of its occurrence. For Alternative 1, we have 100*0.4 = 40. For Alternative 2, we have 200*0.6 = 120. Adding the two together, we have 40 + 120 = 170 (C).

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An indenture is a legal contract for a loan, a protective covenant are the restrictions placed to protect the lender and a call provision is a clause is a debt contract.

An indenture is a legal contract between a borrower and a lender that outlines the terms and conditions of the loan, including the amount borrowed, the interest rate, and the repayment schedule. It is often used in the context of bonds or other types of debt financing.

Protective covenants are restrictions placed on the borrower by the lender in order to protect the lender's interests. These covenants may include requirements to maintain certain financial ratios, restrictions on the borrower's ability to take on additional debt, or limitations on the borrower's ability to sell or transfer assets.

A call provision is a clause in a debt contract that allows the lender to demand repayment of the loan before the scheduled maturity date. This is typically done if the borrower violates the terms of the loan or if the lender believes that the borrower is at risk of defaulting on the loan.

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The total revenue is 5000 and net income is 1045. The temporary accounts are now closed and the Retained Earnings account has been updated to reflect the net income for the year.

King Enterprises income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2021
Revenues:
Service Revenues: $5,000
Total Revenues: $5,000

Expenses:
Insurance Expense: $300
Depreciation Expense: $400
Utility Expense: $155
Office Supplies Expense: $3,100
Total Expenses: $3,955
Net Income: $1,045

To close the temporary accounts, we need to transfer the balances of the revenue and expense accounts to the Retained Earnings account. This is done by debiting the revenue accounts and crediting the expense accounts, and then making a final entry to the Retained Earnings account.

Journal Entries:
Service Revenues $5,000
Retained Earnings $5,000

Retained Earnings $3,955
Insurance Expense $300
Depreciation Expense $400
Utility Expense $155
Office Supplies Expense $3,100

Retained Earnings $1,045
Dividends $500

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Six ways a promoter can avoid personal liability for contracts entered into the company coming into existence.

1. Draft a corporate formation document that includes the articles of incorporation and any other necessary corporate documents. This will establish the company as a separate legal entity and thus limit personal liability for the promoter.

2. Avoid entering into contracts on behalf of the company until it has officially been formed. Until the company is formed, any contract the promoter enters into will be binding on them personally.

3. Ensure that the company has sufficient capital to cover any obligations created in contracts. This will help to protect the promoter from personal liability.

4. Carefully review all contracts before entering into them and make sure they are in the company's best interest. A promoter can be held liable if they do not take proper care in reviewing the contracts.

5. Make sure that the promoter is acting in the best interest of the company and not for their own personal benefit. A promoter can be held liable for conflicts of interest.

6. Follow the laws and regulations governing the formation of the company. If the promoter does not comply with the laws, they can be held liable for any contracts entered into.

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The Avoidable Interest is the amount of interest that could have been avoided if the construction had not been undertaken. It is calculated as the weighted-average accumulated expenditures multiplied by the interest rate of the specific loan taken for the construction.

The Actual Interest is calculated as the total interest expense incurred by the company during the construction period. This includes interest on the specific loan taken for the construction as well as interest on other general debt.

In this case, the Actual Interest is:
- Interest on the specific loan = SAR 150,000 x 10% = SAR 15,000
- Interest on the 12% bonds payable = SAR 200,000 x 12% = SAR 24,000
- Interest on the 11% note payable = SAR 100,000 x 11% = SAR 11,000
Total Actual Interest = SAR 15,000 + SAR 24,000 + SAR 11,000 = SAR 50,000

The Avoidable Interest is:
- Weighted-average accumulated expenditures x interest rate of the specific loan = SAR 250,000 x 10% = SAR 25,000

The appropriate interest to be capitalized is the lower of the Actual Interest and the Avoidable Interest. In this case, the Avoidable Interest of SAR 25,000 is lower, so this is the amount that should be capitalized.

The journal entry for the capitalized interest is:
Debit: Construction in Progress (SAR 25,000)
Credit: Interest Expense (SAR 25,000)

This entry records the capitalized interest as an increase in the Construction in Progress account and a decrease in the Interest Expense account.

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The Given statement "The Investment Company Act of 1940, often just called the "’40 Act," is one of the legislative cornerstones of the American financial system. As a result, Mutual Funds are often called "40 Act Funds" is True.

The two most important documents an investor should read about a Mutual Fund before investing The Fact Sheet and the Fund Prospectus. Option D is correct.

1. The Fact Sheet provides a summary of the Mutual Fund's investment objective, performance, fees, and portfolio holdings. It is typically one to two pages long and is designed to be easy to read and understand.

2. The Fund Prospectus, on the other hand, is a more detailed document that includes information about the Mutual Fund's investment strategy, risks, fees, and other important information. It is required by law to be provided to investors before they invest in the Mutual Fund.

3. Both the Fact Sheet and the Fund Prospectus are important documents for investors to read and understand before investing in a Mutual Fund. They provide important information about the Mutual Fund and can help investors make informed investment decisions.

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We proposed the factors influencing SMEs' adoption of e-commerce. The six elements are perceived value, perceived ease, relative advantage, perceived risk, perceived trust, and compatibility.

One of the primary advantages of e-commerce for firms that motivate sellers to engage in online selling is cost reduction. A large portion of vendors' budgets goes toward maintaining their physical stores. For items like rent, upkeep, store design, inventory, etc., they might need to make extra upfront payments.

E-commerce will represent 20.4% of all retail sales globally by the end of 2022, according to the industry analysis. Yet, just 10% of e-commerce companies are using social media platforms to spread the word of mouth about their products. By 2023, 14.1% to 22% more people are expected to make purchases online.

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Part A: Journal Entries for Dust Ltd. from April 1, 2020 to April 1, 2021

April 1, 2020
Dr. Right-of-use Asset $247,607
Cr. Lease Liability $247,607
(To record the lease)

April 1, 2020
Dr. Lease Liability $49,000
Cr. Cash $49,000
(To record the payment of the first lease installment)

December 31, 2020
Dr. Interest Expense $12,874
Cr. Lease Liability $12,874
(To record the interest expense on the lease liability at the lessee's incremental borrowing rate of 9%)

December 31, 2020
Dr. Depreciation Expense $49,522
Cr. Accumulated Depreciation $49,522
(To record the depreciation expense on the right-of-use asset using the straight-line method over the lease term of 5 years)

Part B: Balance Sheet Presentation for Liabilities for Dust Ltd. on December 31, 2020

Lease Liability: $211,481 ($247,607 - $49,000 + $12,874)
(Note: The lease liability is the present value of the remaining lease payments discounted at the lessee's incremental borrowing rate of 9% per year).

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The trader makes a gain on a December put option with a strike price of $30 and a price of $4 if the price of the underlying asset stays above $30 until the expiration date or falls below $30 but stays above $26 before the expiration date.

A trader makes a gain on a December put option with a strike price of $30 and a price of $4 under the following circumstances:

1. The price of the underlying asset falls below $30 before the expiration date of the option. This allows the trader to buy the asset at a lower price and then sell it at the higher strike price, making a profit.

2. The price of the underlying asset stays above $30 until the expiration date of the option. In this case, the option expires worthless and the trader keeps the $4 premium they received for writing the option.

In both of these scenarios, the trader makes a gain on the option. However, if the price of the underlying asset falls below $26 before the expiration date, the trader will start to experience a loss, as they will have to buy the asset at the higher strike price and sell it at a lower price.

In summary, the trader makes a gain on a December put option with a strike price of $30 and a price of $4 if the price of the underlying asset stays above $30 until the expiration date or falls below $30 but stays above $26 before the expiration date.

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The spread between the interest rate on a 20-year Treasury bond and a 2-year Treasury note can be explained by the difference in maturity dates. The longer the maturity date, the higher the interest rate.

This is because investors are taking on more risk by holding onto the bond for a longer period of time. Therefore, they require a higher return for their investment.

The difference between a 10-year corporate bond (rated BBB) and a 5-year municipal bond (rated A) can be explained by the difference in credit ratings. A bond with a higher credit rating is considered to be less risky, and therefore, will have a lower interest rate. A bond with a lower credit rating is considered to be riskier, and therefore, will have a higher interest rate.

If a yield curve looks like the one shown in the first image, the market is predicting that future short-term interest rates will rise. This is because the yield curve is upward sloping, indicating that longer-term bonds have higher interest rates than shorter-term bonds.

If a yield curve looks like the one shown in the second image, the market is predicting that future short-term interest rates will fall. This is because the yield curve is downward sloping, indicating that longer-term bonds have lower interest rates than shorter-term bonds.

The yield curve can also indicate the market's predictions concerning the inflation rate in the future. If the yield curve is upward sloping, the market is predicting that inflation will rise in the future. If the yield curve is downward sloping, the market is predicting that inflation will fall in the future.

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This is a common strategy used in puzzle games like Sokoban and is known as the "push and slide" technique.

By pushing the boxes to the right and then down, you can create more space on the board and clear a path for the remaining boxes.

The first step is to identify which boxes can be moved to the right. Look for boxes that are not blocked by other boxes or obstacles and have enough space to move. Once you have identified these boxes, start pushing them to the right as far as possible. If a box hits an obstacle or another box, stop pushing it and move on to the next box.

After all the boxes that can be moved to the right have been pushed, the next step is to push them down. Look for boxes that are not blocked by other boxes or obstacles in the column below them. Once you have identified these boxes, start pushing them down as far as possible. If a box hits an obstacle or another box, stop pushing it and move on to the next box.

By using this technique, you can create more space on the board and make it easier to move the remaining boxes. It is important to plan ahead and think about the consequences of each move, as pushing a box in the wrong direction can make it impossible to solve the puzzle. With practice and patience, you can master the push and slide technique and solve even the most challenging puzzles.

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Basic EPS is calculated by dividing a company's net income by its total number of outstanding share, this number is a good indicator for future company profitability, Diluted EPS is slightly different, in that it takes into account the effects of all potential dilutive securities.

Basic EPS is a good indicator for future company profitability as it gives an idea of how much income a company earns per share and it can be used to compare the performance of a company over time.

Diluted EPS is slightly different, in that it takes into account the effects of all potential dilutive securities, such as options and convertible debt, which may reduce the number of shares outstanding and decrease the company's earnings per share.

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B. The coursework can usually be completed at a time that works for convenient - is one of the benefits of taking a course online rather than in person.

There are advantages and disadvantages to learning online and in a virtual classroom, just as there are to learning in person on a physical campus. You'll find that one of the many advantages of online education is that it gives you more flexibility in your schedule, can lower the cost of your degree, and can make it easier to advance your career while you study.

Online education has many advantages, but there are also disadvantages to consider. In its own way, staying focused and being self-motivated can be difficult; which is one reason why not everyone is a good candidate for online education. You can get a better idea of whether online learning might be right for you and your career and education goals by learning more about its benefits and drawbacks.

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The cost of money is affected by many factors, including the frequency of cash flows, the timing of cash flows, and the compounding of interest. Banks typically pay interest on savings accounts either monthly, quarterly, semi-annually, or annually, and they collect interest on consumer loans in the same way. The way that a bank collects and pays interest has a significant effect on the cost of capital and the compounding of interest.

If a bank pays interest on a savings account monthly, the interest will compound more quickly than if the bank pays interest quarterly or annually. This means that the cost of capital will be lower for the bank, since they are able to earn more interest on their savings account. Similarly, if a bank collects interest on a consumer loan monthly, the interest will compound more quickly than if the bank collects interest quarterly or annually. This means that the cost of capital will be higher for the borrower, since they are paying more interest on their loan.
It is important to understand how your bank collects and pays interest, as this can have a significant effect on the cost of money for both individuals and corporations. By knowing the frequency of cash flows and the timing of cash flows, you can make informed decisions about your finances and ensure that you are getting the best possible return on your investment.

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Explanation:

To calculate the present value of an annuity (a series of equal payments) we can use the following formula:

PV = PMT x ((1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r)

where:

PV = present value PMT = payment amount r = interest rate per period n = number of periods

In this case, the payment amount is $6,000 per year for 11 years, the interest rate per period is 5.3%, and the number of periods is 11.

First, we need to convert the annual interest rate to a periodic rate. Since the payments are annual, we can use the formula:

r per period = (1 + annual rate)^(1/number of periods) - 1

r per period = (1 + 0.053)^(1/1) - 1 r per period = 0.053

Now we can substitute the values into the formula:

PV = 6,000 x ((1 - (1 + 0.053)^-11) / 0.053) PV = 6,000 x ((1 - 0.46174) / 0.053) PV = 6,000 x (0.53826 / 0.053) PV = 60,000

Therefore, the present value of $6,000 per year for 11 years at an interest rate of 5.3% is $60,000.

The present value of $6,000 per year for 11 years at an interest rate of 5.3% is $44,808.60.

The present value of an annuity is the amount of money that would need to be invested today in order to receive a series of future payments. The formula for the present value of an annuity is:
PV = A * [(1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r]
Where:
PV is the present value
A is the amount of each payment
r is the interest rate per period
n is the number of periods
In this case, we have:
A = $6,000
r = 5.3% = 0.053
n = 11
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
PV = $6,000 * [(1 - (1 + 0.053)^-11) / 0.053]
PV = $6,000 * [(1 - 0.6042) / 0.053]
PV = $6,000 * [0.3958 / 0.053]
PV = $6,000 * 7.4681
PV = $44,808.60

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The EAR of this lending arrangement is 5.26%.

The EAR (Effective Annual Rate) of this lending arrangement can be calculated using the following formula:

EAR = [(1 + (i / n))ⁿ] - 1

Where:
i = Interest rate
n = Number of compounding periods

In this case, the interest rate is $100,000 / $2,000,000 = 0.05, and the number of compounding periods is 1 (since it is an annual rate).

However, we also need to take into account the compensating balance and the up-front commitment fee. The compensating balance reduces the amount of money the company actually has available to use, so we need to adjust the interest rate to reflect this. The adjusted interest rate is:

i' = i / (1 - (compensating balance / loan amount))

i' = 0.05 / (1 - ($80,000 / $2,000,000)) = 0.0506

Similarly, the up-front commitment fee also increases the effective cost of the loan, so we need to add this to the adjusted interest rate:

i'' = i' + (commitment fee / loan amount)

i'' = 0.0506 + ($4,000 / $2,000,000) = 0.0526

Now we can plug this adjusted interest rate back into the formula for EAR:

EAR = [(1 + (0.0526 / 1))¹] - 1 = 0.0526

Therefore, the EAR of this lending arrangement is 5.26%.

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This assignment has discussed the components of audit risk and possible business risk in the inventory cycle, as well as suggested audit procedures in handling the fraud related business risk in an organization

The purpose of this assignment is to analyze the business risk in an organization and discuss the components of audit risk and possible business risk in the inventory cycle. Additionally, the assignment requires a suggestion of audit procedures in handling fraud-related business risk in an organization.

1. Introduction of the retail sectors:
Name and address: XYZ Retail Company, 123 Main Street, Anytown, USA
Web address: www.xyzretail.com
Distribution channel: XYZ Retail Company distributes its products through brick-and-mortar stores, online sales, and wholesale distribution to other retailers.
Products: XYZ Retail Company sells a variety of products including clothing, home goods, and electronics.

2. Components of audit risk:
Audit risk is comprised of three main components: inherent risk, control risk, and detection risk. Inherent risk is the risk that exists in the absence of controls, and is related to the nature of the business or transaction. Control risk is the risk that the controls in place will not prevent or detect a misstatement. Detection risk is the risk that the auditor will not detect a material misstatement.

3. Possible fraud related to inventory cycle:
There are several possible types of fraud related to the inventory cycle, including:
- Fictitious inventory: creating false inventory records to inflate the value of the company's assets.
- Theft of inventory: stealing inventory from the company.
- Misstatement of inventory valuation: inflating the value of inventory to increase the company's assets.
- Misstatement of inventory quantities: inflating the quantity of inventory to increase the company's assets.

4. Fraud related audit procedures involving inventory:
There are several audit procedures that can be used to detect fraud related to inventory, including:
- Physical inventory counts: conducting a physical count of inventory to verify the accuracy of the company's records.
- Review of inventory valuation methods: reviewing the company's methods for valuing inventory to ensure they are appropriate and consistent.
- Analytical procedures: comparing inventory levels and turnover rates to industry benchmarks to identify potential red flags.
- Review of internal controls: Review the company's internal controls related to inventory to ensure they are effective in preventing and detecting fraud.

5. Summary:
In conclusion, this assignment has discussed the components of audit risk and possible business risk in the inventory cycle, as well as suggested audit procedures in handling the fraud related business risk in an organization. It is important for auditors to be aware of the potential for fraud in the inventory cycle and to implement appropriate procedures to detect and prevent it.

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Answer:

To calculate the break-even point, we need to determine the contribution margin per unit for each model:

Standard: Rental price per day - Variable cost per day = $46.00 - $18.50 = $27.50

Deluxe: Rental price per day - Variable cost per day = $54.00 - $23.20 = $30.80

Next, we need to determine the weighted average contribution margin per unit based on the product mix:

Weighted average contribution margin per unit = (0.4 x $27.50) + (0.6 x $30.80) = $29.80

Finally, we can calculate the break-even point in units as follows:

Break-even point (units) = Fixed costs / Weighted average contribution margin per unit

Break-even point (units) = $22,500 / $29.80 ≈ 754 units

Therefore, Biscayne's new break-even point when the product mix is 40/60 is 754 units.

b. If the sales price of both models increases by 15 percent, the new rental prices per day will be:

Standard: $46.00 x 1.15 = $52.90

Deluxe: $54.00 x 1.15 = $62.10

Using the same contribution margin per unit for each model as in part a, we can calculate the new break-even point as follows:

Break-even point (units) = Fixed costs / Weighted average contribution margin per unit

Break-even point (units) = $22,500 / [(0.5 x ($52.90 - $18.50)) + (0.5 x ($62.10 - $23.20))] ≈ 634 units

Therefore, Biscayne's new break-even point when the sales price of both models increases by 15 percent and the product mix is 50/50 is 634 units.

c. If fixed costs increase by $3,800, the new fixed costs will be $26,300. Using the same contribution margin per unit for each model as in part a, we can calculate the new break-even point as follows:

Break-even point (units) = New fixed costs / Weighted average contribution margin per unit

Break-even point (units) = $26,300 / [(0.5 x ($46.00 - $18.50)) + (0.5 x ($54.00 - $23.20))] ≈ 834 units

Therefore, Biscayne's new break-even point when fixed costs increase by $3,800 and the product mix is 50/50 is 834 units.

d. If variable costs increase by 20 percent, the new variable costs per day will be:

Standard: $18.50 x 1.20 = $22.20

Deluxe: $23.20 x 1.20 = $27.84

Using the same rental prices per day for each model as in part a, we can calculate the new contribution margin per unit for each model:

Standard: $46.00 - $22.20 = $23.80

Deluxe: $54.00 - $27.84 = $26.16

We can then calculate the weighted average contribution margin per unit based on the product mix:

Weighted average contribution margin per unit = (0.5 x $23.80) + (0.5 x $26.16) = $24.98

Finally, we can calculate the new break-even point as follows:

Break-even point (units) = Fixed costs / Weighted average contribution margin per unit

. Break-even point (units

1. Contribution margin per rental day and contribution margin ratio for standard model are $40.60 and 70% and for deluxe model are $42.90 and 65%. 2. Biscayne’s would prefer to rent the standard model. Break-even point if the 3. product mix is 50/50 is 471 rental days. 4. product mix changes to 75% standard and 25% deluxe is 477 rental days. 5. product mix changes to 25% standard and 75% deluxe is 465 rental days.

1. Contribution margin per rental day and contribution margin ratio for each model is calculated using the formulas:

Contribution margin per rental day = Rental price per day - Variable cost per day

Contribution margin ratio = Contribution margin per rental day / Rental price per day

Standard:

Contribution margin per rental day = $58.00 - $17.40 = $40.60

Contribution margin ratio = $40.60 / $58.00 = 0.70 or 70%

Deluxe:

Contribution margin per rental day = $66.00 - $23.10 = $42.90

Contribution margin ratio = $42.90 / $66.00 = 0.65 or 65%

2. Biscayne’s would prefer to rent the standard model as it has a higher contribution margin ratio (70% compared to 65% for the deluxe model).

3. Break-even point if the product mix is 50/50:

Total contribution margin = (Contribution margin per rental day for standard * 0.50) + (Contribution margin per rental day for deluxe * 0.50)

= ($40.60 * 0.50) + ($42.90 * 0.50) = $41.75

Break-even point = Total fixed cost / Total contribution margin

= $19,651 / $41.75 = 470.55 or 471 rental days

4. Break-even point if the product mix changes to 75% standard and 25% deluxe:

Total contribution margin = (Contribution margin per rental day for standard * 0.75) + (Contribution margin per rental day for deluxe * 0.25)

= ($40.60 * 0.75) + ($42.90 * 0.25) = $41.20

Break-even point = Total fixed cost / Total contribution margin

= $19,651 / $41.20 = 476.85 or 477 rental days

5. Break-even point if the product mix changes to 25% standard and 75% deluxe:

Total contribution margin = (Contribution margin per rental day for standard * 0.25) + (Contribution margin per rental day for deluxe * 0.75)

= ($40.60 * 0.25) + ($42.90 * 0.75) = $42.32

Break-even point = Total fixed cost / Total contribution margin

= $19,651 / $42.32 = 464.45 or 465 rental days

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One of the most crucial aspects of you financial life is money management.

Reaching your financial objectives, paying off debt, and increasing your savings can all be facilitated by understanding how to budget, spend, and save.It is strongly advised that students create a budget for each category, such as food, phone, travel, etc. Any person should be very aware of where their funds are coming from and going. You may find out where you overspend and where you waste money by keeping track of your costs. Your money remains in good shape if you consistently spend less as you make.

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a. If you take out your mortgage on January 1 and make your first extra payment at the end of the first year, you will finish repaying your mortgage in year 20. This is because making an extra payment each year effectively reduces the term of the mortgage by 10 years.

b. If you take out your mortgage on July 1 and make the extra payment each January, you will pay off your mortgage in 240 months, or 20 years. This is because making an extra payment each year effectively reduces the term of the mortgage by 10 years, just like in the previous example.

c. The amount of time it takes to pay off the loan given this strategy, will vary with the interest rate on the loan. The higher the interest rate, the more time it will take to pay off the loan, even with the extra payments.

This is because the extra payments will be applied to the principal balance, which will reduce the amount of interest that accrues over time. However, if the interest rate is higher, the amount of interest that accrues will also be higher, meaning that it will take longer to pay off the loan.

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Supply management is an important aspect of any organization as it helps to maintain a number of communication flows and links between other key groups within and external to the organization. GM's supply management has a relationship with both internal and external linkages that are crucial in avoiding mistakes in supplier selection.

Internal linkages within the organization include the relationships between supply management and other departments such as engineering, manufacturing, and finance. These relationships are important in ensuring that the right suppliers are selected and that the organization's needs are met.

For example, supply management must work closely with engineering to ensure that the selected suppliers can meet the technical requirements of the organization. Similarly, supply management must work with manufacturing to ensure that the selected suppliers can meet the production requirements of the organization. Finally, supply management must work with finance to ensure that the selected suppliers can meet the financial requirements of the organization.

External linkages are also important in avoiding mistakes in supplier selection. These include relationships with suppliers, customers, and other stakeholders.

For example, supply management must work closely with suppliers to ensure that they can meet the organization's requirements. Similarly, supply management must work with customers to ensure that the selected suppliers can meet the customer's requirements. Finally, supply management must work with other stakeholders such as regulators and industry associations to ensure that the selected suppliers can meet the regulatory and industry requirements.

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17. It includes hazardous chemical release, structural collapse, serious injury etc.

18. To monitor workplace safety performance, identify trends etc.

19. Committee members are used to provide oversight and guidance on the development of monitoring reports.

24. To ensure all risks are identified and managed; to monitor the effectiveness of the implemented risk controls.

25. The types of training required, when and where the training will be held etc.

26. The date and duration of the training, who provided the training, the subject matter of the training, etc.

17. Notifiable incidents that need to be reported include: fire, hazardous chemical release, structural collapse, serious injury or illness of a person, and any other incident that involves the destruction or damage of property or an environment hazard.

18. WHS statistics need to be reviewed and reported on to monitor workplace safety performance, identify trends and patterns of accidents, and to identify any further areas of risk that need to be addressed.

19. Agendas for and minutes of meetings are used to keep track of who was present at the meeting, what was discussed and any decisions made. Committee members are used to provide oversight and guidance on the development of monitoring reports. Consultation decisions and follow-up actions are used to make sure the consultation process is effective and decisions are acted on.

Consultation processes are used to ensure all stakeholders are consulted and their views are taken into account. Diaries of meetings are used to keep track of all meetings regarding the development of monitoring reports. WHS information provided to personnel is used to make sure all employees are aware of the WHS standards.

24. Reasons for maintaining records of risk assessments and risk control actions include: to ensure all risks are identified and managed; to monitor the effectiveness of the implemented risk controls; and to ensure that all workers have access to the information regarding risk control measures in the workplace.
25. Details that need to be maintained regarding WHS training plans developed by an organisation for their employees include: the types of training required, when and where the training will be held, who will be delivering the training, the expected outcomes of the training, the costs associated with the training, and who needs to attend the training.

26. Examples of details that need to be maintained regarding WHS training undertaken by employees of an organisation include: the date and duration of the training, who provided the training, the subject matter of the training, who attended the training, and any assessments or tests undertaken as part of the training.

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The return on asset (ROA) of 1.2% indicates that the company is generating $0.012 of net income for every $1 of total assets. This is a measure of how effectively the company is using its assets to generate profits.

The net income is calculated as follows:

Net income = (Interest income - Interest expense) - Provision for loan losses - Extraordinary item

Interest income = (Securities * Interest rate asset) + (Commercial loans * Interest rate asset) + (Real estate loans * Interest rate asset) + (Consumer loans * Interest rate asset)

Interest income = ($980,000 * 0.09) + ($506,000 * 0.09) + ($1,940,000 * 0.09) + ($374,000 * 0.09) = $332,220

Interest expense = (Interest-bearing deposits * Interest rate liability) + (Non-interest-bearing deposits * Interest rate liability) + (Long-term bonds * Interest rate liability)

Interest expense = ($567,000 * 0.015) + ($550,000 * 0.015) + ($878,000 * 0.015) = $29,745

Net income = ($332,220 - $29,745) - $150,000 - $75,000 = $77,475

The return on equity (ROE) is calculated as follows:

ROE = Net income / Total equity capital

ROE = $77,475 / $3,312,000 = 0.0234 or 2.34%

The return on equity (ROE) of 2.34% indicates that the company is generating $0.0234 of net income for every $1 of equity capital. This is a measure of how effectively the company is using its equity capital to generate profits.

The return on asset (ROA) is calculated as follows:

ROA = Net income / Total asset

ROA = $77,475 / $6,456,000 = 0.012 or 1.2%

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The actual return on plan assets for 2021 was $27,500 and the total net pension expense for 2021 was $83,250. This can be calculated as given below in the explanation section.

a. Pension Worksheet:

Beginning Balance at 1/1/21

Projected benefit obligation (PBO): $690,000
Unrecognized prior service cost (UPSC): $37,750
Unrecognized net loss (UNL): $123,000
Plan assets (at fair value): $722,625


2021 Service Cost: $70,625
Actual return on plan assets: $27,500
Change in PBO due to estimate and assumption changes: -$29,000


Ending Balance at 12/31/21
Projected benefit obligation (PBO): $732,750
Unrecognized prior service cost (UPSC): $83,250
Unrecognized net loss (UNL): $91,500
Plan assets (at fair value): $754,125

Amounts for 2021 Expense:
Service Cost: $70,625
Settlement rate: $3,675

Expected return on plan assets: $(30,250)
Contribution: $103,500
Benefit payments to retirees: $(90,750)

Change in PBO due to estimate and assumption changes: $29,000

Net pension expense for 2021: $83,250

Journal Entry:

Debit Pension Expense 83,250
Credit Pension Liability 83,250


b. The following items will be reported on the financial statements for 2021 and will be reported under the liabilities section:

Projected benefit obligation (PBO) - $732,750
Unrecognized prior service cost (UPSC) - $83,250
Unrecognized net loss (UNL) - $91,500
Plan assets (at fair value) - $754,125
Pension expense - $83,250


c. Pension Note:

The Norton Company has a defined benefit pension plan with the following components as of December 31, 2021:
Projected benefit obligation (PBO) - $732,750
Unrecognized prior service cost (UPSC) - $83,250
Unrecognized net loss (UNL) - $91,500
Plan assets (at fair value) - $754,125


The PBO is calculated using a discount rate of 5% and an expected return on plan assets of 4%. Service cost, employer contribution, and benefits payments are also taken into account. An amendment to the plan in 2021 resulted in a prior service cost of $45,500 which is being amortized over 12 years.


The actual return on plan assets for 2021 was $27,500. The changes in estimates and assumptions related to the PBO resulted in a decrease of $29,000. The total net pension expense for 2021 was $83,250.

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Option A: One specific issue that is important to one of the organization's stakeholder groups is environmental protection. However, this issue is not of interest to a particular company, which may prioritize profits over environmental concerns. This organization might oppose this issue in the legal arena by filing a lawsuit against the company for any potential environmental violations.

In the regulatory arena, the organization might lobby for stricter regulations on the company's activities that could have a negative impact on the environment. In the political arena, the organization might campaign for candidates who support stricter environmental regulations and advocate for policies that prioritize environmental protection.

Option B: As the leader of a stakeholder group that is affected by the issue of worker safety, I might use legal, regulatory, and political means to force a particular company into compliance with our needs. In the legal arena, I might file a lawsuit against the company for any potential violations of worker safety laws.

In the regulatory arena, I might lobby for stricter regulations on the company's activities that could have a negative impact on worker safety. In the political arena, I might campaign for candidates who support stricter worker safety regulations and advocate for policies that prioritize worker safety.

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To journalize and post the July transactions to the general ledger, we will use the double-entry accounting system. This means that for each transaction, we will record a debit and a credit entry in the general ledger.

Here are the journal entries for the July transactions:

July 1:
Debit Cash $29,000
Credit Owner's Capital $29,000
(To record the investment of cash in the business)

July 1:
Debit Truck $25,200
Credit Cash $5,200
Credit Notes Payable $20,000
(To record the purchase of a used truck)

July 1:
Debit Prepaid Insurance $2,800
Credit Cash $2,800
(To record the payment of a one-year insurance policy)

July 5:
Debit Accounts Receivable $3,900
Credit Service Revenue $3,900
(To record the billing of customers for cleaning services)

July 12:
Debit Supplies $2,060
Credit Accounts Payable $2,060
(To record the purchase of supplies on account)

July 18:
Debit Salaries Expense $3,000
Credit Cash $3,000
(To record the payment of employee salaries)

July 25:
Debit Accounts Receivable $8,900
Credit Service Revenue $8,900
(To record the billing of customers for cleaning services)

July 28:
Debit Cash $3,300
Credit Accounts Receivable $3,300
(To record the collection of cash from customers billed on July 5)

July 31:
Debit Repairs Expense $550
Credit Cash $550
(To record the payment for repairs on the truck)

July 31:
Debit Owner's Draw $2,400
Credit Cash $2,400
(To record the withdrawal of cash for personal use)

After journalizing the transactions, we will post them to the general ledger. The general ledger is a record of all the accounts used in the business and their balances. Each account has a debit and a credit side, and the transactions are posted to the appropriate side based on the journal entries. After posting all the transactions, the general ledger will show the updated balances of all the accounts.

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