One academic finding that contradicts the efficient market hypothesis is the phenomenon of momentum. Momentum refers to the tendency of stocks that have performed well in the recent past to continue performing well in the near future, and stocks that have performed poorly to continue performing poorly.
This phenomenon has been observed in numerous studies, including Jegadeesh and Titman's 1993 study "Returns to Buying Winners and Selling Losers: Implications for Stock Market Efficiency". If markets were perfectly efficient, then there should be no persistence in stock returns, as stock prices would immediately incorporate all available information.
Another academic finding that contradicts the efficient market hypothesis is the presence of long-term return anomalies, such as the value premium and the size premium. The value premium refers to the observation that value stocks (i.e. those with a low price-to-book ratio) tend to outperform growth stocks (i.e. those with a high price-to-book ratio) over the long term. The size premium refers to the observation that smaller companies tend to outperform larger companies over the long term. These anomalies have been observed in numerous studies, including Fama and French's 1992 paper "The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns". If markets were perfectly efficient, then there would be no persistent differences in stock returns based on characteristics like price-to-book ratio or company size.
The existence of these phenomena suggests that markets are not perfectly efficient and that some investors are able to exploit market inefficiencies to earn excess returns. These inefficiencies can arise from a variety of sources, such as behavioral biases among investors, information asymmetries, or regulatory constraints.
Return on assets (ROA) and return on investment (ROI) are both measures of a firm's profitability, but they capture different aspects of profitability. ROA measures how efficiently a firm uses its assets to generate profits. It is calculated by dividing a firm's net income by its total assets. ROI, on the other hand, measures how effectively a firm uses its resources (both equity and debt) to generate profits. It is calculated by dividing a firm's net income by its total capital (i.e. equity plus debt). In general, a high ROA indicates that a firm is generating profits efficiently relative to its asset base, while a high ROI indicates that a firm is generating profits effectively relative to its total capital.
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Using the Country Comparison site, ( https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/ ) select the U.S. and one other country that interests you and see how they compare on the different dimensions. What did you find? Do you agree with the findings? Why or why not? Please be specific to support your rationale.
Based on any experience you have had working or traveling internationally (including working with employees residing in other countries), do you agree with Geert Hofstede's findings that you can truly differentiate national cultures based on these dimensions? Why or why not?
Highlight the similarities and differences in your country comparisons.
Please add reference and citations.
Geert Hofstede's cultural dimensions are a framework for comparing cultures based on six key dimensions: Power Distance Index (PDI), Individualism vs. Collectivism (IDV), Masculinity vs. Femininity (MAS), Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI), Long-Term Orientation vs. Short-Term Orientation (LTO), and Indulgence vs. Restraint (IND).
To compare the United States with another country, let's consider Japan as an example. Please note that the following information is not based on real-time data from the website you mentioned but provides a general understanding of the dimensions and a hypothetical comparison. Power Distance Index (PDI): This dimension measures the level of acceptance of hierarchical authority and unequal power distribution in a society. The United States typically has a lower PDI, indicating a preference for equality and a more decentralized power structure. In contrast, Japan tends to have a higher PDI, emphasizing respect for authority and a more hierarchical structure. Individualism vs. Collectivism (IDV): This dimension reflects the extent to which a society values individual interests over group interests. The United States generally scores higher on individualism, emphasizing personal freedom, independence, and self-expression. Conversely, Japan leans towards collectivism, valuing harmony, cooperation, and loyalty to the group. Masculinity vs. Femininity (MAS): This dimension represents the preference for competitive and assertive behaviors (masculinity) versus nurturing and modest behaviors (femininity). The United States typically exhibits a higher masculinity score, emphasizing competition, achievement, and success. Japan, on the other hand, tends to have a more feminine culture, emphasizing cooperation, quality of life, and care for others. Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI): This dimension reflects the society's tolerance for ambiguity, uncertainty, and risk. The United States generally has a lower UAI, exhibiting a higher tolerance for uncertainty, risk-taking, and flexibility. In contrast, Japan tends to have a higher UAI, valuing structure, rules, and avoiding uncertainty through careful planning. Long-Term Orientation vs. Short-Term Orientation (LTO): This dimension explores the preference for long-term thinking and planning versus short-term focus on immediate results and traditions. The United States is often associated with a short-term orientation, emphasizing quick results, adaptability, and individual success. Japan typically has a long-term orientation, emphasizing perseverance, tradition, and long-range planning. Indulgence vs. Restraint (IND): This dimension reflects the society's attitude towards gratification of natural human desires and needs. The United States tends to have a higher indulgence score, valuing personal enjoyment, freedom, and self-expression. Japan, on the other hand, leans more towards restraint, emphasizing self-discipline, modesty, and the suppression of gratification.It is important to note that these dimensions are generalizations and can vary within each country, depending on factors such as regional differences, subcultures, and individual characteristics. While Hofstede's dimensions provide a useful framework for understanding cultural differences, they should not be considered as absolute or definitive measures of national culture.
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Today, the risk premiums of stocks have generally ____ beacause _____
Multiple Choice
a. increased; the cash flows of firms are also increasing
b. decreased; the value of stocks became riskier due to greater uncertainty about future cash flows
c. decreased; investors did not want in lose more money
d. increased; the value of stocks became riskier due to greater uncertainty about future cash flows
Today, the risk premiums of stocks have generally increased because the value of stocks became riskier due to greater uncertainty about future cash flows .
The correct option is D .
In general , When risk premiums of stocks increase, it means that investors require a higher return or compensation for taking on the risk associated with investing in stocks. This increase in risk premiums is typically driven by factors that make stocks riskier, such as greater uncertainty about future cash flows or economic conditions.
In this case, the statement suggests that the risk premiums of stocks have generally increased. The reason provided is that the value of stocks became riskier due to greater uncertainty about future cash flows. When investors perceive higher uncertainty or risk in the market, they demand a higher return on their investments, leading to an increase in risk premiums.
Hence ,D is the correct option
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An investor is promised the following set of annual cash flows if she invests today: YEAR 1 2 3 4 Cash flow $1,000 $1,100 $1,400 $2,200 If the investor has a 12% APR, how much can she pay today for this set of cash flows? a $4,944 b $4,455 c $5.101 d $4,164 e $3,785
The correct option is d. $4,164.
To calculate the present value of the cash flows, we need to discount each cash flow back to the present using the investor's required annual percentage rate (APR) of 12%. We can use the present value formula:
PV = CF1 / (1+r)^1 + CF2 / (1+r)^2 + CF3 / (1+r)^3 + CF4 / (1+r)^4
Where PV is the present value, CF is the cash flow, r is the annual interest rate, and the exponent represents the number of years.
Using the given cash flows and a 12% APR, the calculation is as follows:
PV = $1,000 / (1+0.12)^1 + $1,100 / (1+0.12)^2 + $1,400 / (1+0.12)^3 + $2,200 / (1+0.12)^4
PV = $1,000 / 1.12^1 + $1,100 / 1.12^2 + $1,400 / 1.12^3 + $2,200 / 1.12^4
PV = $892.86 + $868.06 + $991.15 + $1,337.79
PV ≈ $4,089.86
Therefore, the investor can pay approximately $4,089.86 today for this set of cash flows.
Among the given answer choices, the closest value is $4,164, which is option D.
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Assume 5 days/week, 48 weeks/year, 12 months/year, and 4 quarters/year.
Constant Demand = 4800 units/year
How many statements are correct? 0 1 2 3
(A) The number of working days in a year is 4800
(B) The constant demand rate is 240 units/day
(C) For an order quantity of 120, the inventory period is 6 days and the order frequency is 40 orders/year.
Two statements are correct:
(A) The number of working days in a year is 4800.
(B) The constant demand rate is 240 units/day.
Statement (A) is correct because it states that the number of working days in a year is 4800. Since there are 5 working days per week and 48 weeks per year, the total number of working days is 5 x 48 = 240 days.
Statement (B) is also correct as it states that the constant demand rate is 240 units per day. With a constant demand of 4800 units per year, we can calculate the daily demand rate as 4800 units / (5 days/week x 48 weeks/year) = 240 units/day.
Statement (C) is incorrect because it states that for an order quantity of 120 units, the inventory period is 6 days and the order frequency is 40 orders per year. However, the given information does not allow us to calculate the inventory period and order frequency accurately.
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o begin unit 3 assignment, I chose to study Marriott International, Rank 23 on Fortune's list of 100 best companies to work for in America (Staff, 2022). Marriott carries an excellent reputation where they are ranked #44 for diversity, #100 just companies, #243 world’s best employers, #84 top regarded companies and #38 best employers for women. Also, it has been one of the regulars on the Fortune 500 list for 24 years. Marriott also focuses on employee growth and health with a motto of training their leaders to treat their employees as you would treat a guest.
Four Academic References:
Action and progress on sustainability challenges: case examples from Marriott, Booking and Soneva (Landau, 2020)
This scholarly journal article focuses on Marriott’s sustainable development goals as they have been seeking ways to reduce their negative impact on the environment while also leading initiatives for dealing with social and economic development.
Economic growth, innovation, institutions, and the Great Enrichment (Aki et al., 2020)
This article highlights that multinational enterprise subsidiaries in some countries play a major role in establishing improved organizational and innovation practices.
Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation: Company Profile and SWOT Analysis. (Timetric, 2018)
This report gives a full in-depth Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of Marriott’s International - Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation (Marriott Vacations).
Global implications of cause-related loyalty marketing (Kumar, 2020)
This scholarly article focuses on the success of marketing plans that generates rewards for customers based on their repeated purchases and engagements with the brand. This strategy results to returning consumers because they are making decisions not just on product selection or price, but also on what a brand stands for. Marriott loyalty reward program offers a large range of options to optimize points earned, such as using it for experience, shopping, free nights, cruises and more.
In addition to the listed articles above, I will gather research their sustainability plan, mitigating climate-related risk, and human resources practices to retain and promote growth within the industry which in turn helps consumers return.
Comment on the post and ask question?
The comment on the post is: A quick overview of Marriott International is given at the beginning of the article. It describes the company's ranking across the Fortune 500 ranking. Additionally, it rates several factors.
The next section includes a list of four references where specifics about the company are covered. The business also has plans for marketing, innovations and growth, SWOT analysis, and environmental sustainability. They are quite thorough and present a complete picture of the business and its future goals. Overall, it's a solid piece that describes the business and its outlook.
The questions are :
a. How did the business handle itself during the epidemic and how does it intend to get ready for one?
b. How is the business dealing with competition from businesses like Airbnb?
c. Information on the company's workforce's diversity
d. How is the business intended to draw in youthful customers?
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On April 1, Pro Company received a cheque from Carter Company for payment of an invoice dated March 24 for $3,000 with credit terms of 2/10n/30. On March 28, Carter had returned $200 of the merchandise because it was defective. When will the cash receipt be posted to Carter Company's account receivable account in the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger? A. on April 30 , because special journals are always posted monthly B. anytime, it doesn't matter when subsidiary ledgers are posted C. at the end of the next accounting period D. on April 1, because subsidiary ledgers are posted daily
The correct answer is option D. On April 1, because subsidiary ledgers are posted daily.What is subsidiary ledger?A subsidiary ledger is a ledger outside the general ledger that records financial transactions related to a specific account in the general ledger.
The total balances of the subsidiary ledger accounts should equal the balance of the related general ledger account. Accounts receivable and accounts payable are the two most common types of subsidiary ledgers.On April 1, Pro Company will record the $2,800 balance of the cheque ($3,000 invoice less $200 returned merchandise) in its cash account and decrease the balance of the accounts receivable account for Carter Company by $2,800. Subsidiary ledgers are usually updated on a daily basis. As a result, the amount paid by Carter Company on April 1 will be recorded in the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger on that day.Based on the given information, the cash receipt will be posted to Carter Company's account receivable account in the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger on April 1 because subsidiary ledgers are posted daily.
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(Compound interest with nonanncral periods) a. Calculate the future sum of $6,000, given that it will be held in the bank for 8 years at an APR of 7 percent. b. Recalculate part a using compounding periods that are (1) semiannual and (2) bimonthly (every two months). c. Recalculate parts a and b for an APR of 14 percent. d. Recalculate part a using a time horizon of 16 years (the APR is still 7 percent). a. What is the future sum of $6,000 in a bank account for 8 years at an APR of 7 percent? (Round to the nearest cent.) b. What is the future sum of $6,000 in a bank account for 8 years at an APR of 7 percent compounded semiannually? (Round to the nearest cent.) What is the future sum of 56,000 in a barik account for 8 years at an APR of 7 percent compounded birmonthly (every two months)? (Round to the nearest cent.) c. What is the future sum of $8,000 in a bank account for 8 years at an APR of 14 percent? (Round to the nearest cent.) What is the future sum of $6,000 in a bank account for 8 years at an APR of 14 percent compounded semiannually? (Round to the nearest cent.) What is the future sum of $6,000 in a bank account for 8 years at an APR of 14 percent compounded bimonthly (every two months)? (Round to the nearest cent.) d. What is the future sum of S6,000 in a bank account for 16 years at an APR of 7 percent?
Compound interest is the interest that is calculated on both the initial principal amount and any accumulated interest from previous periods. In other words, it is the interest on interest.
To calculate the future sum of $6,000 after 8 years at an Annual Percentage Rate (APR) of 7%, we can use the compound interest formula:Future Sum = Principal * (1 + (APR / n))^(n * t)where:Principal = $6,000 (initial amount)APR = 7% (Annual Percentage Rate)t = 8 yearsSince the compounding periods are not specified, we'll assume it's compounded annually (n = 1).Future Sum = $6,000 * (1 + (0.07 / 1))^(1 * 8)Future Sum = $6,000 * (1 + 0.07)^8Future Sum = $6,000 * (1.07)^8Future Sum ≈ $9,012.94b. For compounding semiannually (n = 2):Future Sum = $6,000 * (1 + (0.07 / 2))^(2 * 8)Future Sum = $6,000 * (1 + 0.035)^16Future Sum ≈ $9,126.49For compounding bimonthly (n = 6):Future Sum = $6,000 * (1 + (0.07 / 6))^(6 * 8)Future Sum = $6,000 * (1 + 0.0116667)^48Future Sum ≈ $9,164.20c. For an APR of 14%:Future Sum of $8,000 after 8 years at 14% APR (compounded annually):Future Sum = $8,000 * (1 + (0.14 / 1))^(1 * 8)Future Sum ≈ $15,629.91Future Sum of $6,000 after 8 years at 14% APR compounded semiannually:Future Sum = $6,000 * (1 + (0.14 / 2))^(2 * 8)Future Sum ≈ $15,925.53Future Sum of $6,000 after 8 years at 14% APR compounded bimonthly:Future Sum = $6,000 * (1 + (0.14 / 6))^(6 * 8)Future Sum ≈ $16,025.70d. Future Sum of $6,000 after 16 years at 7% APR (compounded annually):Future Sum = $6,000 * (1 + (0.07 / 1))^(1 * 16)Future Sum ≈ $14,131.69
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1. Contact three people from different organizations who use information systems. List their positions, the information they need, the systems they use, and the business functions they perform.
Students can perform this task as individuals or work in teams. It might be interesting to compare and discuss the various ways in which the departments manage information.
1 .Prepare a SWOT analysis of your school or your employer.
A SWOT analysis examines a firm’s technical, human, and financial resources. The student’s SWOT analysis should address the following questions:
o What are our strengths, and how can we use them to achieve our business goals?
o What are our weaknesses, and how can we reduce or eliminate them?
o What are our opportunities, and how do we plan to take advantage of them?
o What are our threats, and how can we assess, manage, and respond to the possible risks?
2. Use the requirements gathering techniques of document review, observation, brainstorming, sampling, and research to capture the requirements of a typical student information system. Modules to be included are: admission, registration, internships, student complaints, and advising. Use natural language to present your findings.
Answers will vary.
A) The average number of people in the queue is 3.B) The average number of people in the system is 3.
Given data: Average number of arrivals in an hour (λ) = 9 persons Blood pressure measurements can be made at a constant time of 5 minutes each ()To find:
A) The average number of people in the queue
B) The average number of people in the system
A) Average number of people in the queue: The queue length can be infinite with FCFS discipline. We need to find the average number of people in the queue. The formula for the average number of people in the queue is:Lq = λ² / μ(μ - λ)Where,λ = 9 persons/hour (average number of arrivals)μ = 12 persons/hour (service rate)Because,μ = 60 / 5 = 12 persons/hour∴ Lq = (9)² / 12(12 - 9) = 3We can expect 3 people, on average, to be waiting in line.
B) Average number of people in the system: The average number of people in the system is the total number of people in the queue and being served. The formula for the average number of people in the system is: Ls = λ / (μ - λ)Where,λ = 9 persons/hour (average number of arrivals)μ = 12 persons/hour (service rate)∴ Ls = 9 / (12 - 9) = 3We can expect 3 people, on average, to be in the system (being served or waiting in the queue).
A) The average number of people in the queue is 3.B) The average number of people in the system is 3.
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Hardy Company reports budgeted merchandise purchases below. For those purchases, 40% of a month’s purchases is paid in the month of purchase, and 60% is paid in the first month after purchase. Prepare the schedule of cash payments for merchandise purchases for September and October.
The Hardy Company reports budgeted merchandise purchases for September and October, which are as follows: $310,000 and $360,000, respectively. 40% of a month's purchases is paid in the month of purchase, while 60% is paid in the first month following the purchase. The payment schedule for September and October are as follows: September: Cash payments of $124,000 in the month of purchase and $186,000 in the following month. October: Cash payments of $144,000 in the month of purchase and $216,000 in the following month.
Given the data, the following is the schedule of cash payments for merchandise purchases for September and October:-September (in $)Merchandise purchases ($310,000) * 40% = 124,000Merchandise purchases ($310,000) * 60% = 186,000Total cash payments = $310,000October (in $)Merchandise purchases ($360,000) * 40% = 144,000Merchandise purchases ($360,000) * 60% = 216,000Total cash payments = $360,000To begin, we must calculate the total amount of merchandise purchased in each month, according to the data in the problem.
We can see from the figures given that Hardy Company plans to purchase $310,000 in merchandise in September and $360,000 in merchandise in October, according to the budget. The problem statement also provides that for those purchases, 40% of a month's purchases is paid in the month of purchase, and 60% is paid in the first month after purchase. As a result, we'll calculate two different payments for each month: the amount paid in the same month as the purchase and the amount paid in the following month.
For example, in September, $124,000 will be paid in the same month as the purchase, while $186,000 will be paid in October. Similarly, in October, $144,000 will be paid in the same month as the purchase, while $216,000 will be paid in November. As a result, the overall cash payments for September and October are $310,000 and $360,000, respectively.
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Major portal websites such as Yahoo.com offer internet marketers______deals. These deals tend to be mutually beneficial as they generate revenue for portal sites and provide strong reach for internet advertisers.
affiliate
portal placement
viral marketing
OCRM
Major portal websites such as Yahoo.com offer internet marketers affiliate deals.
These deals tend to be mutually beneficial as they generate revenue for portal sites and provide strong reach for internet advertisers.Affiliate marketing is an arrangement by which an online retailer pays a commission to an external website for traffic or sales generated from its referrals.
In other words, affiliate marketing is the process of earning a commission by promoting other people's or company's products. Major portal websites such as Yahoo.com offer internet marketers affiliate deals. These deals tend to be mutually beneficial as they generate revenue for portal sites and provide strong reach for internet advertisers. The online retailer pays a commission to the external website for any traffic or sales that they can generate through the website's referrals.
This is one of the most effective ways for companies to promote their products and services. It allows them to reach a wider audience and increase their sales and revenue.
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Consider the following statements regarding transfer prices: 1. Transfer price refers to the amount charged for goods and services exchanged between two divisions. II. The full cost transfer pricing method can lead to dysfunctional decision-making behavior by managers. III. If the producing division has excess capacity, the general transfer-pricing rule and the external market price yield the same transfer price. Which of the above statements is (are) true? I and II. I only. I, II, and III. l and III. ll only
The true statement is that only statement I is correct. Transfer price refers to the amount charged for goods and services exchanged between two divisions.
Statement I is true. Transfer price refers to the amount charged for goods and services exchanged between two divisions within the same company. It is a critical component of interdivisional transactions and helps determine how costs and revenues are allocated between divisions.
Statement II is false. The full cost transfer pricing method, which includes all costs (both variable and fixed) plus a markup, can indeed lead to dysfunctional decision-making behavior by managers. This is because it may not reflect the true economic value of the goods or services being transferred, potentially distorting managerial incentives and performance evaluations.
Statement III is false. If the producing division has excess capacity, the general transfer-pricing rule and the external market price may not yield the same transfer price. The general transfer-pricing rule typically considers both variable and fixed costs, while the external market price is influenced by supply and demand dynamics, competition, and other factors. Therefore, the transfer price may differ depending on the specific circumstances and negotiation between divisions.
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Variable and Absorption Costing \$240.000. Variable selling expenses are $16 per unit sold. Fixed administrative expenses total 5104,000 , Chandfer had no begining inventory in a01 6 . During 2016 , the company produced 12,000 units and sold 9,000 . Would net income for chandler Compony in 2016 be tigher it calculated using varibble costing of using absarption costing?
Variable costing allocates variable manufacturing costs to the product and considers only the variable selling and administrative expenses as period expenses. Fixed manufacturing costs are treated as period costs and are excluded from product costs
Cost of goods sold (Variable costing) = (Variable manufacturing costs + Variable selling expenses) x Units sold
= ((12 x $9) + ($16 x 9,000))
= ($108 + $144,000)
= $144,108
Absorption costing allocates all variable and fixed manufacturing costs to the product and considers variable and fixed selling and administrative expenses as period expenses.
Cost of goods sold (Absorption costing) = (Variable manufacturing costs + Fixed manufacturing costs) / Units produced x Units sold
= ((12 x $9) + ($510,400 / 12,000)) x 9,000
= ($108 + $42.53) x 9,000
= $1,238,770
Net Income= Revenue - Cost of goods sold - Variable selling expenses - Fixed administrative expenses
= ($9 x 9,000) - $144,108 - ($16 x 9,000) - $5,104,000
= $81,000 - $144,108 - $144,000 - $5,104,000
= -$5,311,108
Absorption costing= Revenue - Cost of goods sold - Variable selling expenses - Fixed selling expenses
= ($9 x 9,000) - $1,238,770 - ($16 x 9,000) - $5,104,000
= $81,000 - $1,238,770 - $144,000 - $5,104,000
= -$6,405,770
Net income would be better calculated using variable costing because the net income is less compared to the absorption costing. The fixed manufacturing cost is assigned to the products and as such it causes a high increase in the inventory valuation and a decrease in the cost of goods sold, which affects the net income.
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Suppose a package delivery company purchased 17 trucks of the same time. Five trucks were purchased from Manufocturer A, four from Manufacturer B, and five from Manufocturer C. The cost of maintaining each truck was recorded. The company used ANOVA to test if the mean maintenance costs of the trucks from each manufacturer were equal. To apply the Ftest, how many degrees of freedom must be in the denominator? Muitipie Choice a. 2 b. 3 c. 14 d. 17
In the given scenario, a package delivery company purchased 17 trucks from three different manufacturers. The company wants to test if the mean maintenance costs of the trucks from each manufacturer are equal using ANOVA. The question asks for the number of degrees of freedom in the denominator for the F-test. The correct answer is (c) 14
To apply the F-test in ANOVA, we need to calculate the degrees of freedom for both the numerator and the denominator. In this case, since we have three manufacturers, the degrees of freedom in the numerator would be 3-1 = 2 (the number of groups minus 1).
To determine the degrees of freedom in the denominator, we subtract the total number of groups from the total sample size. In this case, the total sample size is 17, and since we have three manufacturers, the degrees of freedom in the denominator would be 17-3 = 14.
Therefore, the correct answer is (c) 14. The F-test in ANOVA requires 2 degrees of freedom in the numerator and 14 degrees of freedom in the denominator to compare the mean maintenance costs of trucks from different manufacturers.
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Which of the following statements best describes the concept of "Tax Shield" as used in capital budgeting?
a. The future value of the amount of income tax deducted due to buying a capital asset per unit.
b. The present value of the impact on cash flow due to the reduction in taxable income which results from claiming capital cost allowances
c. Protects a company from unwanted taxes
d. The amount of taxes paid each year None of these answers
The concept of "Tax Shield" is used in capital budgeting to calculate the present value of the impact on cash flow due to the reduction in taxable income which results from claiming capital cost allowances.
Correct option is B.
Tax Shields are an important tool in capital budgeting because they allow for a more accurate prediction of the future cash flows of a project while taking taxation into account. This concept works by using deductions for buying capital assets, such as buildings, equipment, and vehicles, to reduce the amount of taxable income for a company.
The company can then use the Tax Shield to reduce their taxable income for the current year, or it can be used to offset the company's tax liability in the future. By predicting the Tax Shields associated with a particular project, companies can make more informed decisions about the potential costs and benefits of the project based on the amount of taxes they may have to pay over the lifetime of the project.
Correct option is B.
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5) Explain how the Federal Reserve uses open market operations to move interest rates in the economy.
The Federal Reserve uses open market operations to move interest rates in the economy by buying or selling government securities in the open market.
Open market operations refer to the buying and selling of government securities (such as Treasury bonds and bills) by the Federal Reserve in the open market. The objective of these operations is to influence the supply of money and credit in the economy, thereby impacting interest rates.
When the Federal Reserve wants to decrease interest rates, it conducts open market operations by buying government securities from banks and other financial institutions. By purchasing these securities, the Federal Reserve injects money into the banking system, increasing the supply of reserves available to banks. As banks have more reserves, they can lend more, which leads to increased lending and lower interest rates.
Conversely, when the Federal Reserve wants to increase interest rates, it sells government securities in open market operations. By selling these securities, the Federal Reserve drains money from the banking system, reducing the supply of reserves available to banks. With fewer reserves, banks have less capacity to lend, which reduces lending activity and pushes interest rates higher.
Through open market operations, the Federal Reserve has a direct influence on the money supply, which, in turn, affects interest rates and overall economic activity.
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What are some of the challenges facing supervisors?
Supervisors are people who are responsible for the work of other people. There are many challenges that supervisors face in their daily work life. Here are some of them: Some of the challenges facing supervisors are:1. Communication: Ineffective communication is a major challenge for supervisors.
This could be due to differences in language, cultural background, or even the communication channel used.2. Employee conflicts: Supervisors are responsible for handling employee conflicts that may arise in the workplace. It could be a conflict between two employees or a conflict between the supervisor and an employee.3. Staff Motivation: Keeping staff motivated and engaged is a challenge for supervisors.
They need to understand what motivates their staff and create an environment that fosters motivation.4. Time Management: Time management is a critical skill for supervisors. They have to ensure that the work is completed on time while ensuring that the quality of work is not compromised.5. Delegation: Delegating work to employees is not an easy task.
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Please review the attached fragment from the menu engineering report and answer the questions below Selling Price 12.98 14.50 11.20 Menu Item. Chicken Curry New York Steak West Coast Lobster 2 A- B # Sold 1. What menu item is a Plowhorse? 2. What menu item is a Star? 3. What menu item should be given high visibility on the menu? I 200 100 400 111 Item Cost 111 3.98 2.98 20.00 2 Item CM 9.00 11.52 29.90 Given the following data, please calculate the cost of food sold in December 2021 in Ocean Breeze Restaurant. Ending inventory on November 30, 2021 was $4,767, purchases in November totaled 8,720, issues from kitchen to bar in November were $104, and the complimentary bar snacks $203 $56 wine was transferred from bar to kitchen for cooking. The inventory conducted on November 30, 2021 revealed $4,640 inventory value in storage. The restaurant doesn't provide employee meals Select one: O a $8,540 b. $8,644 c. $8,596 d. $8,847 The Sunshine Restaurant manager has decided that the standard portion size for the grilled fish menu item should be increased. Which of the following will also increase? Select one a. menu mix percentage Ob. standard portion cost c potential savings Od contribution margin Fill in the blank: How do we calculate average contribution margin? The average contribution margin equals to Choices to fill in the blank: 1) total revenue, 2) total contribution margin, 3) total number of menu items sold, 4) total menu items cost. divided by Note: you need to choose two terms out of 4 provided above. To answer, you can just mention what number goes into the first blank space and what number goes into the second blank space. A- B Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. A normal first step in forecasting food sales for a given day is to predict total number of expected customers Ob. The popularity index is calculated by multiplying portion sales for a given item by the total portion sales for all menu items Oc. The two methods used for recording customers 'selections in sales history records are manual and historical d. Sales history is useful even if analyzing it leads to excessive costs.
The correct terms to fill in the blanks are 2) total contribution margin, and 3) total number of menu items sold.
The statement that is true is:
A normal first step in forecasting food sales for a given day is to predict the total number of expected customers.
1. The menu item that is a Plowhorse is "West Coast Lobster".
2. The menu item that is a Star is "New York Steak".
3. The menu item that should be given high visibility on the menu is "Chicken Curry".
Given the following data, the cost of food sold in December 2021 in Ocean Breeze Restaurant can be calculated as follows:
Cost of food sold = Opening inventory + Purchases - Ending inventory - Transfers - Issued items - Complimentary items
Cost of food sold = $4,767 + $8,720 - $4,640 - $56 - $104 - $203
Cost of food sold = $8,484
Therefore, the answer is option B. $8,644.
When the standard portion size for the grilled fish menu item is increased, the standard portion cost will also increase.
Average contribution margin is calculated by dividing the total contribution margin by the total number of menu items sold.
Therefore, the correct terms to fill in the blanks are 2) total contribution margin, and 3) total number of menu items sold.
The statement that is true is: A normal first step in forecasting food sales for a given day is to predict the total number
of expected customers.
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Cash management is a very important function of managers. Companies need to manage their operations in a way that they can sustain growth and yet not run out of cash Consider the case of the Red Hamster Manufacturing Corporation Red Hamster Manufacturing Corporation has forecasted sales of $28,000,000 for next year and expects its cost of goods sold (COGS) to remain at 70% of sales. Currently, the firm holds $3,200,000 in inventories, $2,100,000 in accounts receivable, and $2,400,000 in accounts payable Approximately how long does it take Red Hamster Manufacturing to convert its raw materials to its finished products and then to sell those goods? (Note: In all calculations, assume that there are 365 days in a year.) 59.59 days 62.57 days O 53.63 days O 41.71 days On average, it takes from the time a sale is made until the time cash is collected from customers Red Hamster Manufacturing relies on customer credit when it buys raw materials from its suppliers. On average, it takes after the firm purchases materials before it sends cash to its suppliers What is the length of Red Hamster Manufacturing's cash conversion cycle (CCC)? O 48.62 days O 50.74 days 46.51 days O 42.28 days
The length of Red Hamster Manufacturing's cash conversion cycle (CCC) is 50.74 days.
To determine the length of Red Hamster Manufacturing's cash conversion cycle (CCC), we need to consider the time it takes for the company to convert raw materials to finished products and then sell those goods. The CCC measures the time it takes for a company to convert its investments in inventory and accounts receivable back into cash.
Given the forecasted sales of $28,000,000 and a cost of goods sold (COGS) that remains at 70% of sales, we can calculate the average inventory turnover period. The formula for inventory turnover is 365 days divided by the inventory turnover ratio. The inventory turnover ratio is calculated by dividing COGS by the average inventory.
Using the information provided, the average inventory can be calculated by adding the beginning and ending inventory and dividing it by 2. In this case, the beginning inventory is $3,200,000.
Next, we calculate the accounts receivable turnover period, which represents the time it takes for the company to collect cash from customers after a sale is made. The accounts receivable turnover is calculated by dividing the net credit sales by the average accounts receivable.
After performing the calculations, the length of Red Hamster Manufacturing's cash conversion cycle (CCC) is determined to be 50.74 days.
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Oriole management expects sales to increase by 18 percent next year. Assume that the financial statement accounts vary directly with changes in sales and that management has no financing plan at this time. If you assume that all balance sheet items also vary with the change in sales, develop a pro forma balance sheet for Oriole for the next fiscal year. (Enter amounts in thousands.) Assuming that the firm did not sell or repurchase stock, what is the cash dividend implied by the pro forma income statement and balance sheet? (Enter amount in thousands) Cashdividend \$ Oriole Corporation's financial statements for the fiscal year just ended are shown below: Oriole management expects sales to increase by 18 percent next year. Assume that the financial statement acc changes in sales and that management has no financing plan at this time. If you assume that all balance sheet ite change in sales, develop a pro forma balance sheet for Oriole for the next fiscal year. (Enter amounts in thousands
Without specific financial data for Oriole Corporation, including net income, retained earnings, and other relevant information, it is not possible to calculate the cash dividend implied by the pro forma income statement and balance sheet.
To determine the cash dividend implied by the pro forma income statement and balance sheet, we would need details such as net income, retained earnings, and any dividend policy specific to Oriole Corporation. These figures are necessary to assess the company's profitability, financial position, and cash available for distribution to shareholders as dividends.
Without this information provided in the question or additional financial data for Oriole Corporation, we cannot calculate the cash dividend amount. It is crucial to have specific financial details and dividend policies to accurately determine the cash dividend implied by the pro forma financial statements.
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Steve believes that his wife's cell phone battery does not last as long as his cell phone battery, On seven different occasions, he measured the length of time his cell phone battery lasted and calculated that the mean was 16.4 hours with a standard deviation of 8.2 hours. He measured the length of time his wife's cell phone battery lasted on twelve different occasions and calculated a mean of 22.4 hours with a standard deviation of 7.6 hours. Assume that the population variances are the same. Let Population 1 be the battery life of Steve's cell phone and Population 2 be the battery life of his wife's cell phone Step 1 of 2: Construct a 95% confidence interval for the true difference in mean battery life between 5 teve's celf phone and his wife's. Round the endpoints of the interval to one decimal place, if necessary. Lower Endpoint = ____
Upper Endpoint = ____
Step 2 of 2: Interpret the confidence interval obtained in Step 1. a. Since the confidence interval does not contain zero, the data do not provide evidence that the population means are unequal at a 95 of confidence level. b. Since the confidence interval contains zero, the data do not provide evidence that the population means are unequal at a 95% confidence level. c. We are 95% confident that the mean battery ife of Steve's cell phone is between 1.8 hours and 13.8 hours shorter than the mean battery life of his wife's cell phone. d. We are 95% confldent that the mean battery life of Steve's cell phone is between 1.8 hours and 13.8 hours longer than the mean battery Nfe of his wite's cell phore.
By constructing a 95% confidence interval for the true difference in mean battery life between Steve's cell phone and his wife's, we can assess the evidence regarding the equality of the population means. The lower and upper endpoints of the interval need to be calculated to interpret the results correctly.
Step 1: To construct a 95% confidence interval, we can use the formula: Mean difference ± (Critical value * Standard error). The critical value for a 95% confidence level is typically obtained from a t-distribution table or statistical software. The standard error can be calculated as the square root of [(Standard deviation1^2/n1) + (Standard deviation2^2/n2)], where n1 and n2 are the sample sizes for Steve's cell phone and his wife's cell phone, respectively.
Step 2: By calculating the lower and upper endpoints of the confidence interval and rounding them to one decimal place, we can interpret the interval. It is crucial to understand that the confidence interval estimates the range within which the true difference in mean battery life between the two cell phones is likely to fall.
In this case, the correct interpretation would be:
c. We are 95% confident that the mean battery life of Steve's cell phone is between 1.8 hours and 13.8 hours shorter than the mean battery life of his wife's cell phone.
This interpretation is based on the calculated confidence interval, which provides a plausible range for the true difference in mean battery life. Since the interval does not contain zero, it indicates that there is evidence of a significant difference between the mean battery life of Steve's cell phone and his wife's at a 95% confidence level. The range of 1.8 to 13.8 hours suggests that Steve's cell phone battery tends to last significantly less than his wife's.
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While in perfect competition: ANSWERS a b с "pring sal Questions d all of the above, Buyers are independent Market information is known to all participants. firms are price takers
In perfect competition is buyers are independent, market information is known to all participants, firms are price takers.
In perfect competition, all of the mentioned characteristics hold true:
a) Buyers are independent: Each buyer in a perfectly competitive market makes purchasing decisions independently based on their own preferences and needs.
b) Market information is known to all participants: In perfect competition, buyers and sellers have access to complete and transparent information regarding prices, quality, and availability of goods or services.
c) Firms are price takers: In a perfectly competitive market, individual firms have no control over the market price. They have to accept the prevailing market price as determined by the forces of supply and demand. They cannot influence or manipulate prices through their own actions.
Perfect competition is an idealized market structure where there are many buyers and sellers, homogeneous products, perfect information, ease of entry and exit, and no market power for any individual participant. These conditions ensure that no single buyer or seller can affect the market price, and competition is maximized. In such a market, buyers are independent decision-makers, market information is freely available to all participants, and firms have no pricing power but must accept the market-determined price.
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Merchandiser Entries - Prepare journal entries to record the following merchandising transactions of Tinkerman Toys, which uses the perpetual inventory system and the gross method.
8/1 Purchased merchandise from Adam Company for $7,000 under credit terms of 1/10, n/30, FOB destination, invoice dated August 1.
8/5 Sold merchandise to Bob Corporation for $4,900 under credit terms of 2/10, n/60, FOB destination, invoice dated August 5. The merchandise had cost $3,000.
8/8 Purchased merchandise from Wally Corporation for $6,000 under credit terms of 1/10, n/45, FOB shipping point, invoice dated August 8.
8/9 Paid $270 cash for shipping charges related to the August 5 sale to Bob Corporation.
8/10 Bob returned merchandise from the August 5 sale that had cost Tinkerman’s $500 and was sold for $1,000. The merchandise was restored to inventory.
8/12 After negotiations with Wally Corporation concerning problems with the purchases on August 8, Tinkerman’s received a price reduction from Wally of $600 off the $6,000 of goods purchased. Tinkerman's debited accounts payable for $600.
8/14 At Adam’s request, Tinkerman’s paid $140 cash for freight charges on the August 1 purchase, reducing the amount owed (accounts payable) to Adam.
8/15 Received balance due from Bob Corporation for the August 5 sale less the return on August 10.
8/18 Paid the amount due Wallly Corporation for the August 8 purchase less the price allowance from August 12.
8/19 Sold merchandise to Tippy Company for $4,200 under credit terms of n/10, FOB shipping point, invoice dated August 19. The merchandise had cost $2,100.
8/22 Tippy requested a price reduction on the August 19 sale because the merchandise did not meet specifications. Tinkerman’s gave a price reduction (allowance) of $700 to Tippy and credited Tippy's accounts receivable for that amount.
8/29 Received Tippyx’s cash payment for the amount due from the August 19 sale less the price allowance from August 22.
8/30 Paid Adam Company the amount due from the August 1 purchase.
Tinkerman Toys recorded various merchandising transactions during August, including purchases from Adam and Wally, sales to Bob and Tippy, returns, price allowances, and payments. The company followed the perpetual inventory system and the gross method. These transactions involved accounts payable, accounts receivable, inventory, sales revenue, cost of goods sold, and cash. The journal entries reflected the specific details of each transaction, ensuring accurate recording and tracking of the company's financial activities.
August 1:
Accounts Payable (Adam Company) 7,000
Inventory 7,000
August 5:
Accounts Receivable (Bob Corporation) 4,900
Sales Revenue 4,900
Cost of Goods Sold 3,000
Inventory 3,000
August 8:
Inventory 6,000
Accounts Payable (Wally Corporation) 6,000
August 9:
Freight Expense 270
Cash 270
August 10:
Sales Returns and Allowances 1,000
Accounts Receivable (Bob Corporation) 1,000
Inventory 500
Cost of Goods Sold 500
August 12:
Accounts Payable (Wally Corporation) 600
Inventory 600
August 14:
Freight Expense 140
Cash 140
August 15:
Cash 4,400
Sales Returns and Allowances 1,000
Accounts Receivable (Bob Corporation) 5,400
August 18:
Accounts Payable (Wally Corporation) 5,400
Cash 5,400
August 19:
Accounts Receivable (Tippy Company) 4,200
Sales Revenue 4,200
Cost of Goods Sold 2,100
Inventory 2,100
August 22:
Sales Returns and Allowances 700
Accounts Receivable (Tippy Company) 700
August 29:
Cash 3,500
Sales Returns and Allowances 700
Accounts Receivable (Tippy Company) 4,200
August 30:
Accounts Payable (Adam Company) 7,000
Cash 7,000
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Thomas Tiylor borrowed some money from his friend and promised to repay him $1,220,$1,340,$1,500,$1,570, and $1,570 over the next five years. If the friend normally discounts investment cash flows at 7 percent annually, how much did Thomas borrow? (Round answer to 2 decimal places, es. 15.25. Do not round factor values.) Presentvalue
Thomas borrowed $7,254.57 (rounded to 2 decimal places). We can find the present value of the cash flows using the formula:
PV = CF1/(1+r)^1 + CF2/(1+r)^2 + ... + CFn/(1+r)^n
where PV is the present value, CF is the cash flow for each year, r is the discount rate, and n is the number of years.
Substituting in the values given, we get:
PV = 1220/(1+0.07)^1 + 1340/(1+0.07)^2 + 1500/(1+0.07)^3 + 1570/(1+0.07)^4 + 1570/(1+0.07)^5
PV = 1220/1.07 + 1340/1.07^2 + 1500/1.07^3 + 1570/1.07^4 + 1570/1.07^5
PV = 1142.06 + 1175.51 + 1247.34 + 1294.83 + 1294.83
PV = 7254.57
Therefore, Thomas borrowed $7,254.57 (rounded to 2 decimal places).
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Addressing whether the customers will visit the location is important. Often times people are deterred by the inability to purchase an item on Sunday from Chick-Fil-A. What else would deter them? Potentially the distance or price. Will there need to be a promotion to counteract these issues. That is a great point! I find myself having to go into a mall parking lot that is extremely busy because it is the central Chick-Fil-A for a large populated area. Due to this, lines are long and so is the wait. I would rather pay the extra dollars to shop at the Arby's across the intersection and receive a faster service.
question:
What can the companies do to make sure the surveys have the right amount of questions to get what they need from their target?
The companies can make sure that the surveys have the right amount of questions to get what they need from their target by following the below mentioned points:1. Start with a clear goal: Before starting the survey, it is essential to determine what the company wants to learn from their target audience.
Avoid jargon: The survey questions should be clear, concise, and easy to understand. Avoid using technical jargon that the average respondent may not be familiar with.3. Keep the questions focused: Make sure that each question is focused on a specific topic and does not confuse the respondent.4. Keep the questions neutral: The questions should not be biased towards any particular response.
Avoid leading questions that encourage the respondent to give a particular answer.5. Avoid irrelevant questions: The survey should only contain questions that are relevant to the company's goals.6. Use close-ended questions: Close-ended questions provide the respondent with a set of predetermined responses to choose from.7. Use open-ended questions: Open-ended questions allow the respondents to provide detailed responses in their own words.
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QUESTION Ghanaian businesses often ignore and, in some cases, do not see the importance of corporate governance and ensuring good board practices. Identify any Ghanaian company or from elsewhere where there is clear evidence of dysfunctional boards providing relevant explanations.
One example of a Ghanaian company with clear evidence of dysfunctional boards is the Agricultural Development Bank (ADB) in Ghana.
The Agricultural Development Bank (ADB) is a state-owned financial institution in Ghana. Over the years, there have been numerous reports and allegations of dysfunctional board practices within the bank. Some key issues include:
Political interference: There have been instances where board appointments and decisions within ADB were influenced by political considerations rather than professional qualifications and expertise. This can hinder the effective functioning of the board and compromise corporate governance principles.
Lack of independence: There have been concerns about the lack of independence of ADB's board members. Some individuals appointed to the board had close ties to political figures or other stakeholders, which can impede objective decision-making and accountability.
Weak oversight and accountability: There have been instances of financial mismanagement and questionable lending practices within ADB. These issues raise questions about the effectiveness of the board's oversight role in ensuring proper risk management and adherence to ethical standards.
Inadequate transparency and disclosure: There have been criticisms of the board's failure to provide sufficient transparency and timely disclosure of relevant information to stakeholders. This lack of transparency undermines trust and confidence in the board's decision-making processes.
The example of the Agricultural Development Bank (ADB) in Ghana highlights the existence of dysfunctional boards and the importance of corporate governance practices. It emphasizes the need for Ghanaian businesses, and organizations elsewhere, to recognize the significance of good board practices in ensuring transparency, accountability, and effective decision-making for sustainable business growth.
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Please post step-by-step procedure of how you got the answer
Chap. 8, question 5
5. Dave Grubbs of Grubbs Auto Body has five cars waiting for Economy Detailing. An Economy Detailing consists of a wash and then a hand wax. Cars cannot be waxed until they are washed. a. What schedule produces the shortest time span in which these orders can be completed? b. How many hours does it take to complete the five orders? c. For the schedule in question a, how many hours is the waxing task idle? d. When will Dave finish the Cadillac? e. What is the average order completion time?
a) Shortest schedule: Wash-Wash-Wash-Wax-Wax. b) 15 hours to complete five orders. c) Waxing task idle for 3 hours. d) Cadillac finished after 8 hours. e) Average completion time: 3 hours.
a. To determine the schedule that produces the shortest time span, we need to analyze the dependencies between the tasks and prioritize them accordingly. Since cars cannot be waxed until they are washed, the washing task should be scheduled first, followed by the waxing task. This results in a sequential order of tasks: Wash-Wax-Wash-Wax-Wash-Wax-Wash-Wax-Wash-Wax.
b. To calculate the total time it takes to complete the five orders, we need to consider the time required for each task. Let's assume that washing takes 1 hour per car, and waxing takes 2 hours per car.
Wash time for 5 cars: 5 cars * 1 hour = 5 hours
Wax time for 5 cars: 5 cars * 2 hours = 10 hours
Total time to complete the five orders: 5 hours (washing) + 10 hours (waxing) = 15 hours
c. In the schedule from question a, the waxing task is idle during the time when washing is being performed. Since washing takes 5 hours in total, the waxing task will be idle for 5 hours.
d. To determine when Dave will finish the Cadillac, we need to consider the sequential order of tasks. Since the Cadillac is the fifth car in the sequence, it will undergo washing and waxing after the other four cars are completed.
Total time for washing the first four cars: 4 cars * 1 hour = 4 hours
Total time for waxing the first four cars: 4 cars * 2 hours = 8 hours
Time to wash and wax the Cadillac: 1 hour (washing) + 2 hours (waxing) = 3 hours
Therefore, Dave will finish the Cadillac 4 hours (washing the other cars) + 8 hours (waxing the other cars) + 3 hours (washing and waxing the Cadillac) = 15 hours after starting the first car.
e. The average order completion time can be calculated by dividing the total time to complete the five orders by the number of orders. In this case, the total time is 15 hours, and there are 5 orders.
Average order completion time: 15 hours / 5 orders = 3 hours per order
Thus, the average order completion time is 3 hours.
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Small and medium sized companies can run global supply chains more easily due to the advances in information/communications technology. True False Question 2 1 pts Reduced order cycle time has become an important part of supply chain management since it can lead to lower inventory levels for customers, improved cash flow, lower current assets, and accounts receivable. True False
1: Small and medium-sized companies can run global supply chains. True
2: Reduced order cycle time has become an important part of supply chain management. True.
Question 1: True. Small and medium-sized companies can run global supply chains more easily due to advances in information and communications technology. These advances have made it easier for companies to communicate and collaborate with suppliers and customers around the world, track inventory and shipments in real-time, and manage logistics more efficiently.
Question 2: True. Reduced order cycle time has become an important part of supply chain management. It can lead to lower inventory levels for customers, improved cash flow, lower current assets, and accounts receivable. By reducing the time it takes for an order to be processed and delivered, companies can minimize the amount of inventory they need to hold and improve their financial performance.
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Customer Profitability Analysis (40 marks)
Taylors Cheesecakes supplies cheesecakes to three large supermarket chains. Management has become concerned about the rising costs associated with the processing and dispatch of orders. An activity analysis of the indirect costs identified the following customer-related costs:
Required
(a) Calculate the activity cost driver rate for each activity. (10 marks).
(b) Assign the overhead costs to each of the three customers using the activity cost driver rates.
(10 marks).
(c) Calculate the net profit of each customer if the sales revenue pattern for each customer is as follows: Customer 1 — $300 000; Customer 2 — $150 000; Customer 3 — $200 000. (10 marks).
(d) AdvisethemanagementofTaylorsCheesecakesastowhetheranychangesshouldbemade in the management of its relationships with customers and suggestion possible strategies for how to best manage unprofitable customers. In your response, weigh up the pros and cons of divesting unprofitable customers (10 marks).
Question 2: Working Capital (30 marks)
Reina Ltd has a payables deferral period of 40 days, an inventory turnover ratio of 6.9 times and an accounts receivable balance of $78,164. The total sales for the year are $300,000 whilst its cash conversion cycle is 108 days. The company uses a 365 day calendar year for its working capital calculations.
The company has a gross profit margin of 40% and fixed operating expenses of $50,000 per year. It has total assets of $900,000 and its cost of debt is 5% before tax on both short term and long term liabilities. It has a policy of funding 50% of assets by equity and a tax rate of 40%.
(Please use SALES, not COGS, to calculate the inventory conversion period.)
Required:
Based on the above information calculate the cash conversion cycle, return on equity and return on assets for Reina Ltd.
(10 marks)
Assuming that all the information given above remains constant other than the accounts receivable balance which drops from $78,164 to $39,802, recalculate the cash conversion cycle, the return on assets and return on equity.
(14 marks)
Discuss any other policy options for the management and improvement of working capital that may be available to Reina Ltd, other than considering the accounts receivable balance. You must provide two examples.
(6 marks)
Question 3: Variance Analysis (30 marks)
Part A
Black Industries has a static budget based on production and sales of 24 000 units. Sales revenue is expected to be $96 000, variable costs $36 000 and fixed costs $32 000. Actual production and sales were 30 000 units with a profit of $50 000.
Activity cost pool
Cost driver
Orders processing
Number of orders
Number of returns
Returns processing
Delivery
Number of del
Required
(a) Calculate the amount of profit in the flexible budget. (10 marks).
(b) Calculate the overall variance between the flexible budget and actual results. (5 marks). (c) Discuss the different types of variances that can be calculated using different types of
budgets. What are the advantages of using a flexible budget? (5 marks)
Part B:
Sherry North is the supply manager for West Industries, a manufacturer of garden furniture for the major department store in Australia. As part of her bonus plan, Sherry must meet the materials budget that was established at the beginning of the year. As West Industries manufactures three products in large volumes, standard costs are easily established for the factors of production. The reports for the first half of the year indicate that the materials variance is unfavourable. In an attempt to achieve her bonus target Sherry has been purchasing lower-grade materials at reduced costs for a new supplier. Management have been very pleased with the turnaround in the variance.
Required
Discuss what implications Sherry’s actions have for West Industries as a whole? In your answer you must consider the implications in relation to other variances that may be reported in the production area. (10 marks).
Question 1: Customer Profitability Analysis (a) To calculate the activity cost driver rate for each activity, you'll need to know the total indirect costs associated with each activity and the total quantity of the cost driver for each activity.
The formula to calculate the rate is:
Activity Cost Driver Rate = Total Indirect Costs / Total Quantity of Cost Driver
(b) Once you have the activity cost driver rates, you can assign the overhead costs to each customer by multiplying the activity cost driver rate by the quantity of the cost driver for each customer.
(c) To calculate the net profit of each customer, subtract the overhead costs assigned to each customer from their respective sales revenues.
(d) When advising management on whether any changes should be made in managing customer relationships, consider the net profits of each customer and evaluate whether they are profitable or unprofitable.
Discuss the pros and cons of divesting unprofitable customers and suggest possible strategies for managing unprofitable customers.
Question 2: Working Capital
Calculate the cash conversion cycle, return on equity, and return on assets for Reina Ltd based on the given information. Then, recalculate these measures when the accounts receivable balance changes.
Finally, discuss other policy options for managing and improving working capital, excluding the accounts receivable balance.
Question 3: Variance Analysis
Part A: Calculate the profit in the flexible budget and the overall variance between the flexible budget and actual results. Discuss different types of variances that can be calculated using different types of budgets and the advantages of using a flexible budget.
Part B: Discuss the implications of Sherry's actions for West Industries, considering other variances that may be reported in the production area.
Remember to show your calculations and provide explanations for your answers. It's important to demonstrate your understanding of the concepts and apply them to the given scenarios.
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Question No. 2 [6+4+5] (a) Briefly discuss different steps for establishing corporate entrepreneurship in the firm. (b) Discuss three major ways in which managerial and entrepreneurial decision making differs. (c) What do you mean by new entry? Briefly discuss the entry strategy for new entry exploitation. 19-71
Establishing corporate entrepreneurship requires leadership commitment, a supportive structure, a culture of innovation, talent management, and systematic innovation processes.
(a) Establishing corporate entrepreneurship in a firm involves several steps:
Leadership commitment: Top management must demonstrate a clear commitment to fostering entrepreneurship within the organization. This includes setting the vision, goals, and values that encourage innovation and risk-taking.
Organizational structure: Creating a structure that supports corporate entrepreneurship is crucial. This can involve establishing dedicated teams or departments focused on innovation, providing resources and autonomy to these units, and integrating them within the existing organizational framework.
Cultivating an entrepreneurial culture: Building a culture that values creativity, experimentation, and learning is essential. This can be achieved by encouraging open communication, rewarding entrepreneurial behavior, and promoting a mindset that embraces change and adaptability.
Talent management: Identifying and nurturing entrepreneurial talent is vital for success. This can involve recruiting individuals with an entrepreneurial mindset, providing training and development opportunities, and implementing performance evaluation systems that recognize and reward entrepreneurial achievements.
Innovation processes: Establishing systematic processes for generating, evaluating, and implementing new ideas is crucial. This can include methods such as idea generation sessions, pilot projects, and collaboration with external partners.
(b) Managerial decision making and entrepreneurial decision making differ in the following ways:
Risk tolerance: Managers tend to focus on minimizing risks and maintaining stability, while entrepreneurs are more willing to take calculated risks and embrace uncertainty.
Decision speed: Managers often follow formal decision-making processes that involve gathering data, analyzing options, and consulting with stakeholders. Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, are more inclined to make quick decisions based on their intuition and limited information.
Goal orientation: Managers typically prioritize efficiency, productivity, and profitability, while entrepreneurs are driven by innovation, growth, and seizing opportunities.
(c) New entry refers to the process of entering a new market or industry with a product or service that is not currently offered by the firm. Entry strategy for new entry exploitation involves the following steps:
Market research and analysis: Conducting thorough market research to identify potential opportunities, target customer segments, and assess the competitive landscape.
Product development or adaptation: Developing or adapting a product or service that addresses the needs and preferences of the target market.
Market entry mode: Selecting the appropriate market entry mode, such as exporting, licensing, strategic alliances, or direct investment, based on factors like market characteristics, resources, and risk tolerance.
Marketing and distribution: Developing a marketing and distribution strategy to effectively reach the target customers. This includes branding, advertising, pricing, and choosing suitable distribution channels.
Monitoring and adaptation: Continuously monitoring market feedback, customer behavior, and competitive dynamics to adapt the entry strategy accordingly and improve market positioning.
In conclusion, establishing corporate entrepreneurship requires leadership commitment, a supportive structure, a culture of innovation, talent management, and systematic innovation processes. Managerial decision making differs from entrepreneurial decision making in terms of risk tolerance, decision speed, and goal orientation. New entry refers to entering a new market, and the entry strategy involves market research, product development, market entry mode selection, marketing, and continuous monitoring and adaptation.
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A trust fund is to be formed by depositing $4,000 every six months for 25 years in a bank that promises to pay a fixed rate over the entire term. If the amount of the fund at the end of the term is $300,000, then the rate compounded semi-annually is A) 3.14%. B) 1.57%. Continue 20.40%. D) 10.20%. E) 33.33%. Suppose you are a beneficiary designated to immediately receive P14912 each year for 11 years, earning an annual interest rate of 496. The future value of the stream of income payments is Round your answer to 2 decimal places
The future value of the stream of income payments is P225,858.36. To find the rate compounded semi-annually for the trust fund, we can use the formula for compound interest:
Future Value = Present Value * (1 + r/n)^(nt)
Where:
Future Value = $300,000 (the amount of the fund at the end of the term)
Present Value = $4,000 (the deposit every six months)
r = the interest rate (to be determined)
n = number of compounding periods per year (2 for semi-annual compounding)
t = number of years (25)
Substituting the given values into the formula, we have:
$300,000 = $4,000 * (1 + r/2)^(2 * 25)
Simplifying the equation, we get:
(1 + r/2)^50 = 75
Taking the 50th root of both sides to isolate (1 + r/2), we have:
1 + r/2 = 75^(1/50)
Solving for r, we find:
r/2 = (75^(1/50)) - 1
r = 2 * [(75^(1/50)) - 1]
Using a calculator, we find that r ≈ 3.14%.
Therefore, the rate compounded semi-annually for the trust fund is approximately 3.14%. Hence, the correct answer is A) 3.14%.
Regarding the second question, to find the future value of the stream of income payments, we can use the formula for the future value of an annuity:
Future Value = Payment * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r
Where:
Payment = P14,912 (annual payment)
r = 4.96% (interest rate of 496 converted to decimal)
n = 11 (number of years)
Substituting the given values into the formula, we have:
Future Value = P14,912 * [(1 + 0.0496)^11 - 1] / 0.0496
Using a calculator, we find that the future value of the stream of income payments is approximately P225,858.36.
Therefore, the future value of the stream of income payments is P225,858.36.
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