1. Optimal Combination of A and BThe optimal combination of A and B is calculated by using the following formula:
Optimal Combination of A, B, and CTo calculate the optimal combination of A, B, and C, we need to use the Markowitz Portfolio Theory. This theory states that we can minimize the portfolio volatility by choosing the weights of the assets that maximize the Sharpe ratio.
The Sharpe ratio is calculated as follows: Sharpe ratio = (Expected return of portfolio – Risk-free rate) / Portfolio volatilityThe optimal combination of A, B, and C is calculated as follows:
Effect of B and C in Decreasing Portfolio VolatilityThe introduction of asset C had a greater effect in decreasing the portfolio volatility than the introduction of asset B. This is because asset C is uncorrelated with assets A and B, which means that it provides diversification benefits to the portfolio.
On the other hand, asset B is highly correlated with asset A, which means that it does not provide as much diversification benefits to the portfolio. As a result, the introduction of asset C reduced the portfolio volatility more than the introduction of asset B.
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Possible plan for the poster:
1. Motivation (why is the logistic regression needed)
2. Assumptions in logistic regression
3. How is the logistic regression calculated
4. Similarities and differences between linear and logistic regression
5. Interpretation of the logistic regression results
6. Example(s) of use of logistic regression
7. In what situations is logistic regression a suitable method
8. In what situations is logistic regression not a suitable method
9. Alternatives to logistic regression
The poster plan includes discussing the motivation behind using logistic regression, the assumptions made in logistic regression, the calculation process, similarities, and differences with linear regression, interpretation of results, examples of its use, suitable situations for logistic regression, situations where it is not suitable, and alternative methods.
The plan for the poster covers various important aspects of logistic regression. It begins by addressing the motivation behind using logistic regression, highlighting its significance in analyzing categorical outcomes and making predictions in situations where linear regression is not appropriate. The assumptions made in logistic regression are then discussed, emphasizing the assumptions of linearity, independence, and absence of multicollinearity among predictor variables. Understanding these assumptions is crucial for applying logistic regression correctly.
The calculation process of logistic regression is explained next, focusing on the logistic function and the estimation of coefficients using maximum likelihood estimation. This step clarifies how logistic regression transforms the linear combination of predictors into probabilities. The poster then explores the similarities and differences between linear and logistic regression, highlighting the fundamental distinction between the continuous outcome in linear regression and the binary or categorical outcome in logistic regression. This section helps viewers grasp the unique characteristics and utility of logistic regression.
Interpretation of the logistic regression results is addressed to provide an understanding of how to interpret coefficients, odds ratios, and confidence intervals. This aspect helps users extract meaningful insights from logistic regression models. Examples of the use of logistic regression are provided to illustrate its practical applications, such as predicting customer churn, analyzing medical diagnosis, or modeling credit risk.
Suitable situations for logistic regression are discussed to guide viewers in understanding when to employ this method effectively. Factors such as the categorical outcome variable, a sufficient number of observations, and the presence of meaningful predictors are considered. Conversely, the poster also highlights situations where logistic regression may not be suitable, such as when the assumptions are violated or when the data structure does not align with logistic regression requirements.
Lastly, the poster suggests alternative methods to logistic regression, which could include decision trees, support vector machines, or neural networks, depending on the specific research question and data characteristics. This comprehensive poster plan covers key aspects of logistic regression, providing a well-rounded understanding of its purpose, methodology, interpretation, and applicability in different scenarios.
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In a fake world, Kylie lives only two years; she earns $300,000 wages in the first year and she is retired in the second year (so $0 of wages in the second year). In the first year, any wages that she does not spend is put in a savings account which earns 6% interest. In the second year she will spend all of the money from her savings account, including the earned interest.
QUESTIONS: a) Write an equation representing Kylie’s intertemporal budget constraint. You MUST carefully and clearly define each variable (letter) in your equation.
b) Kylie spends exactly $100,000 in the second year. Calculate how much she saved in the first year (not including the interest that she earned). (You must show your calculations to receive any credit for your answer).
a) The equation representing Kylie's intertemporal budget constraint is:
\[ \frac{M(1+r)}{(1+r)} + m = m' + M \]
In this equation, M is the quantity of money that Kylie has available in her first year, m is the quantity of money that Kylie spends in her first year, m' is the quantity of money that Kylie spends in her second year (i.e., $100,000), and r is the interest rate.
b) To calculate the amount Kylie saved in the first year (not including interest), we can rearrange the intertemporal budget constraint equation and solve for m:
\[ \frac{M(1+r)}{(1+r)} + m = m' + M \]
Substituting the value of m' as $100,000$, we get:
\[ \frac{M(1+r)}{(1+r)} + m = 100,000 + M \]
Simplifying the equation, we can cancel out the M terms:
\[ mr = 100,000 \]
Therefore, the amount Kylie saved in the first year (not including interest) is:
\[ m = \frac{mr}{r} = \frac{100,000}{r} \]
Hence, Kylie saved $\frac{100,000}{r}$ in the first year based on the given information.
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1. What makes managing employee health and safety programs around the world so difficult?
2. Why have family-friendly and work-life balance programs become so important?
3. In many regions and countries governments face pressures to increase the age of retirement. What are major implications for raising the retirement age from: (1) an MNE's perspective? and (2) an HR manager's perspective?
4. What actions would you suggest to HR managers in order to increase their professionalism and competency in handling global HR issues?
Managing employee health and safety programs around the world is difficult because there are differences in legal requirements and cultural attitudes towards health and safety, language barriers, lack of resources, and different levels of government enforcement. Additionally, there are differences in the availability of healthcare and workers' compensation benefits, which can complicate efforts to manage employee health and safety programs.
Family-friendly and work-life balance programs have become important due to the changing workforce demographics, as more women and parents of young children are entering the workforce. These programs are important for attracting and retaining talent, promoting employee well-being and productivity, and improving employee engagement and job satisfaction. 3. Raising the retirement age has major implications for MNEs and HR managers. From an MNE's perspective, this could lead to increased labor costs, as older employees tend to have higher salaries and healthcare costs. 4. To increase their professionalism and competency in handling global HR issues, HR managers should stay up-to-date on the latest HR trends and best practices
They should also invest in training and development programs for their HR staff and ensure that they have the necessary resources and tools to effectively manage global HR issues.
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what do you think about Germany's current approach to managing
their economy and should the U.S. think about doing similar?
Germany's current approach to managing their economy involves a combination of social market economy and free-market capitalism principles. The country has been able to build a stable economy through a robust export sector, an emphasis on research and development, and a commitment to fiscal discipline.
The government supports small and medium-sized businesses, which are the backbone of the country's economy. They have also invested heavily in renewable energy and the technology sector, which are key drivers of future growth. The country's education system is also among the best in the world, producing highly skilled workers that contribute to the country's productivity and competitiveness.In terms of social welfare, Germany has a strong social safety net and provides universal healthcare to all its citizens. The country has also been able to reduce income inequality and maintain a high standard of living for its citizens. This has been achieved through a progressive tax system, a robust welfare system, and a strong emphasis on labor rights.While the US may benefit from implementing some aspects of Germany's approach, it is worth noting that the two countries have different economic models and social structures. Germany's approach is grounded in a strong social welfare system and a commitment to reducing income inequality. The US, on the other hand, is built around a more individualistic, free-market model that is characterized by a weaker social safety net and less progressive taxation.It is also worth noting that Germany's approach to managing their economy has been successful in part due to their unique set of circumstances, including their size, geography, and history. As such, the US should not blindly adopt Germany's approach, but rather take inspiration from some of its policies and adapt them to the US context.In conclusion, Germany's current approach to managing their economy has been successful in creating a stable and prosperous economy, but it may not be directly transferable to the US context. The US should take inspiration from some of Germany's policies but adapt them to their unique economic and social structure.
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Teall Development Company hired you as a consultant to help them estimate its cost of capital. You have been provided with the following data: D 1 = $1.45; P 0 = $15.00; and g = 6.50% (constant). Based on the DCF approach, what is the cost of equity from retained earnings?
Cost of Equity from Retained EarningsThe cost of equity from retained earnings can be calculated by using the dividend capitalization model, which is a form of the discounted cash flow model (DCF).
The formula for the cost of equity from retained earnings is as follows:Cost of Equity from Retained Earnings = (D1 / P0) + gwhereD1 = the expected dividend per share for next yearP0 = the current market price per shareg = the growth rate of dividendsThus, substituting the given values into the formula, we get:Cost of Equity from Retained Earnings = ($1.45 / $15.00) + 0.065Cost of Equity from Retained Earnings = 0.0967 or 9.67%
Therefore, the cost of equity from retained earnings is 9.67%.
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Following a purchase from a US exporter, the importer’s bank, Southern Bank, creates a banker’s acceptance (a B/A) of USD2,000,000. The time from acceptance to maturity on this acceptance is 91 days.
Southern Bank’s acceptance commission is 2% and the market rate for 91-day B/As is 5.5% per annum.
Assume a 360 day count except part (iv) where a 360 or 365 may need to be used.
For numerical answers, give your answer to two decimal places unless stated otherwise, and do not enter any symbols such as dollars, commas or percent signs.
REQUIRED:
(i) What amount will the US exporter receive if he holds the B/A until maturity to the nearest dollar? [2 Marks].
$______________
ii) What will the commission be? (To the nearest dollar) (2 Marks)
$_______________
iii) What amount will the US exporter receive if he discounts the B/A with Southern Bank today? (to the nearest dollar) [2 Marks]
$________________
iv) Calculate the bond equivalent yield (on a per annum basis) which Southern Bank will earn from discounting the B/A with the exporter today. (to 2 decimal places) [4 Marks]
__________% per annum
(i) The US exporter will receive the full amount of the banker's acceptance at maturity, which is USD 2,000,000.
(ii) The commission charged by Southern Bank is 2% of the face value of the banker's acceptance. Therefore, the commission will be USD 2,000,000 * 2% = USD 40,000.
(iii) If the US exporter discounts the banker's acceptance with Southern Bank today, the amount received will be the face value of the acceptance minus the discount. To calculate the discount, we need to determine the interest for 91 days at the market rate of 5.5% per annum. Using a 360-day count, the interest can be calculated as follows:
Interest = USD 2,000,000 * 5.5% * (91/360) = USD 27,611.11
Therefore, the amount received by the exporter will be USD 2,000,000 - USD 27,611.11 = USD 1,972,388.89.
(iv) The bond equivalent yield can be calculated using the formula:
Bond Equivalent Yield = (Discount / Face Value) * (365 / Days to Maturity)
Using the information given, the discount is USD 27,611.11 and the face value is USD 2,000,000. The number of days to maturity is 91. Therefore, the bond equivalent yield is:
Bond Equivalent Yield = (USD 27,611.11 / USD 2,000,000) * (365 / 91) = 7.07% per annum.
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List the top three risks that you believe to be top
risks to the United States economy from now through 2023. Briefly
explain why you chose these risks.
The top three risks to the United States economy through 2023 are global trade tensions, geopolitical instability, and financial market volatility.
1. Global Trade Tensions: Ongoing trade disputes and protectionist policies between major economies can disrupt global supply chains, increase import costs, and hinder economic growth.
2. Geopolitical Instability: Political uncertainties, conflicts, and tensions around the world can have spillover effects on the U.S. economy, impacting markets, energy prices, investor confidence, and business operations.
3. Financial Market Volatility: Fluctuations in stock markets, bond yields, and other financial indicators can create market uncertainty, affecting consumer and investor confidence, spending, and investment decisions.
These risks are potential sources of economic instability, as they can lead to reduced international trade, increased costs, market disruptions, and decreased confidence. However, it's important to note that these risks are speculative and subject to change based on various factors, requiring ongoing monitoring and analysis of economic indicators and global events.
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1. We Americans pride ourselves on being compliant with our
voluntary tax compliance system, yet we have the highest tax
evasion in the world! it's not uncommon to think of countries such
as Brazil or
Voluntary tax compliance is a system in which vanity and pride voluntary tax compliance system, yet we have the highest tax taxpayers are required to calculate and report their tax liability accurately.
Americans pride themselves on being compliant with the voluntary tax compliance system, but they have the highest tax evasion rate in the world. Even though Americans have to pay taxes, they still evade them, which is illegal. In contrast, countries such as Brazil and India, where tax evasion is high, the tax authorities have a harder time enforcing compliance. This means that although the government imposes taxes on its citizens, it does not collect them from everyone who owes them. Furthermore, it is essential to pay taxes because they fund public goods and services that are vital to the country's functioning.
Complete question:
1. We Americans pride ourselves on being compliant with our voluntary tax compliance system, yet we have the highest tax evasion in the world! it's not uncommon to think of countries such as Brazil or
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.Understanding the concept of culture is essential to business communicators living and working in a globalized society. Culture is a powerful force that shapes the way we think and behave.
Choose those characteristics that describe culture from the following list. Check all that apply.
a)Culture is personal.
b)Culture is solely dedicated to art and music.
c)Culture is inherently illogical.
d)Culture is learned.
e)Culture is dynamic.
f)Culture combines the visible and the invisible.
Understanding the concept of culture is essential to business communicators living and working in a globalized society. Culture is a powerful force that shapes the way we think and behave. The essential characteristics that describe culture are learned, dynamic, and combines the visible and the invisible
Culture refers to the patterns of behavior and thinking that are shared by a group of people who live in a particular place or time. Culture is not something that can be directly observed. Instead, it is something that is learned from others and is passed down from one generation to the next.Culture is dynamic, which means it is constantly changing over time. Cultural changes can happen for many reasons, such as the influence of other cultures, changes in technology, or changes in political and economic conditions. Cultural changes can be slow or fast, and they can be visible or invisible.Culture combines the visible and the invisible. The visible aspects of culture include things like clothing, food, music, and art. The invisible aspects of culture include things like beliefs, values, and social norms. Both the visible and invisible aspects of culture are essential to understanding how people think and behave in different parts of the world.
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You are the Audit Team Leader for an external Quality Audit scheduled for July 9, 2018 and July 10, 2018. Prepare an audit agenda for sending to the auditee, "M/s SHERGROUP, Brampton". (10 marks) {Hint: Consider this an ISO 9001:2015 QMS based external Quality Audit. Keep your answer specific, not too short, not too long. Reference may be made to the class notes.
The audit should be based on the ISO 9001:2015 QMS.The audit agenda is as follows:Day 1 - July 9, 2018· Briefing: This will cover the purpose and scope of the audit, the audit criteria, and audit methods.· Document Review: This will be done to verify the adequacy and effectiveness of the documentation system.·
Quality Policy: This will be reviewed to ensure that it is relevant to the scope of the audit.·
Management Review: This will be reviewed to verify that the management is involved in the QMS and has an understanding of the requirements.· Risk Management: This will be reviewed to verify that risks are being identified and managed in accordance with the requirements.· Process Control: This will be reviewed to verify that the processes are being controlled effectively.
Day 2 - July 10, 2018· Non-Conformance Management: This will be reviewed to verify that non-conformances are being identified, corrected, and prevented.· Corrective and Preventive Action: This will be reviewed to verify that corrective and preventive actions are being taken to address non-conformances.· Performance Evaluation: This will be reviewed to verify that the QMS is being monitored and measured.· Continual Improvement: This will be reviewed to verify that the organization is committed to continual improvement.·
Closing Meeting: This will be held to discuss the audit findings and to close the audit.
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.On December 31, 2025, Splish Co. performed environmental consulting services for Hayduke Co. Hayduke was short of cash, and
Splish Co. agreed to accept a $320,800 zero-interest-bearing note due December 31, 2027, as payment in full. Hayduke is somewhat
of a credit risk and typically borrows funds at a rate of 10%. Splish is much more creditworthy and has various lines of credit at 6%.
ANSWER C
Assuming Splish Co's fiscal year-end is December 31, prepare the journal entry for December 31, 2027. (If no entry is required,
select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter O for the amounts. Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is
entered. Do not indent manually. List all debit entries before credit entries.)
The journal entry for Splish Co. on December 31, 2027, would be as follows:
Debit:
Accounts Receivable: Hayduke Co. - $320,800 (to remove the accounts receivable)
Credit:
Notes Receivable: Hayduke Co. - $320,800 (to record the settlement of the note)
No entry is required for interest income since the note is zero-interest-bearing.
This journal entry reflects the recognition of the settlement of the note receivable from Hayduke Co. as payment in full. The debit to Accounts Receivable removes the outstanding receivable from Hayduke Co., and the credit to Notes Receivable represents the cancellation of the note.
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Explain THREE (3) main characteristics of a private limited company in terms of ownership, liability, and control of the company.
A private limited company is a type of business organization that possesses separate legal personality from its owners. Some of the main characteristics of a private limited company include ownership, liability, and control of the company.
Ownership The ownership structure of a private limited company is usually privately held, which means that the company is owned by a few individuals. In most cases, the owners of the company are also the directors of the company. Since the shares of a private limited company cannot be publicly traded, the ownership of the company remains limited to the shareholders.2. The shareholders also have the power to remove the directors if they are not satisfied with their performance. In most cases, the shareholders are not involved in the day-to-day management of the company and have limited control over the company's operations.
Ownership A private limited company is owned by a group of people, typically two to fifty, who are known as shareholders. They invest in the company and own shares in the company in proportion to their investment. However, the shares of a private limited company cannot be publicly traded, and the ownership of the company is limited to the shareholders. In most cases, the shareholders of a private limited company are also the directors of the company. This means that the ownership of the company is closely linked to its management.The shareholders elect the directors, who are responsible for the day-to-day management of the company. They make strategic decisions, set policies, and manage the company’s resources. The shareholders can remove the directors if they are not satisfied with their performance, but they do not usually get involved in the day-to-day management of the company. This means that the shareholders have limited control over the operations of the company, and the directors have significant power over the company’s management.
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PURPOSE: For building a good reputation and improving brand for Travel & Tour company, we do this investigation about the service and sales in four regions. In order to bring new customers and return the old customers, we analyzed the situations in each region, conclude with some recommendations. PROBLEMS: 1. There is few return customers in Toronto and North York. 2888 # of customers # of retum customers table.1 Number of customer and the percentage of return customer 2. Satisfaction of customer in Toronto and North York are very low. 3. The number of customer in Brampton and Scarborough is too small, and also the revenue from Brampton and Scarborough is low. Revenue of region ($) Toronto 456,000 Brampton 120,000 21.19% North York Scarborough 232,000 26.21% 41.64% 287,000 10.96% table.2 Revenue of region FINDINGS: 1. Prices are too high in Toronto and North York, but more reasonable in Brampton and Scarborough. 2. In Toronto and North York, staffs are not always friendly and helpful, and couldn't give great support when customer requires. But the service is great in Brampton and Scarborough. 3. The market is big in Toronto. It has the most customer and the biggest revenue. 4. Satisfaction of customer is high in Brampton and Scarborough. 5. The customers have stronger purchasing power in Brampton and Scarborough than in Toronto and North York: Power of Consumption ($) 400 Average 200 sales per 0 customer table. 3 Power of consumption RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. Develop the management in Toronto and North York. Improve employee's ability of business and service quality. 2. Adjust the price to be reasonable in Toronto and North York. 3. Make strategy in each region to offer promotions to attract more new customer in Toronto(15%) Brampton(73%) North York (11%) Scarborogh (89%) Toronto Brampton North York Scarborogh
By focusing on improving management, adjusting pricing, and implementing region-specific promotional strategies, the company can attract new customers and encourage repeat business, ultimately enhancing its reputation and brand image in all four regions.
Based on the analysis, the following recommendations can be made for the Travel & Tour company:
Develop management in Toronto and North York: It is crucial to focus on improving the management practices in these regions. This can involve training and enhancing the skills of the employees to provide better service and support to customers.
Adjust pricing in Toronto and North York: The prices in these regions are considered too high, which may be discouraging customers from returning. It is recommended to review and adjust the pricing to make it more reasonable and competitive in order to attract both new and repeat customers.
Create region-specific promotional strategies: To attract more new customers in each region, tailored promotional strategies can be implemented. For example, offering promotions with a 15% discount in Toronto, 73% discount in Brampton, 11% discount in North York, and 89% discount in Scarborough can entice customers to choose the company's services.
The analysis reveals several key problems and findings. Firstly, there is a low percentage of return customers in Toronto and North York. Additionally, customer satisfaction levels are low in these regions. On the other hand, Brampton and Scarborough exhibit higher customer satisfaction levels and reasonable pricing, leading to stronger purchasing power for customers.
Furthermore, Toronto has the largest market size with the highest number of customers and revenue. However, the revenue from Brampton and Scarborough, although relatively small, showcases potential for growth due to their higher customer satisfaction and stronger purchasing power.
To build a good reputation and improve the brand of the Travel & Tour company, it is important to address the identified problems and implement the recommendations. By focusing on improving management, adjusting pricing, and implementing region-specific promotional strategies, the company can attract new customers and encourage repeat business, ultimately enhancing its reputation and brand image in all four regions.
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the cross-price elasticity of demand for soda and pretzels is -0.6. therefore, soda and pretzels must be __________ goods.
The cross-price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of one good to a change in the price of another good. In this case, since the cross-price elasticity of demand for soda and pretzels is negative (-0.6), we can conclude that soda and pretzels are complementary goods.
Complementary goods are those that are typically consumed together, meaning that a decrease in the price of one good (soda) will lead to an increase in the quantity demanded of the other good (pretzels), and vice versa. The negative cross-price elasticity indicates an inverse relationship between the two goods, suggesting that they are often consumed in combination.
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Do you believe that as a prime contractor or subcontractor, you should be responsible for setting an example of ethical behavior? Should you be responsible for helping fellow employees make the right decisions when facing ethical questions? If so, what approach would you use?
Topic #2
Describe your understanding of a supervisor's responsibilities in a construction company and should a training program be required as one of these responsibilities. Also, what training does OSHA require?
Topic #3
How do you feel about 'whistle' blowers?
I believe that as a prime contractor or subcontractor, I have a responsibility to set an example of ethical behavior.
Why should the contractor be responsible for ethical behavior ?I believe that it is important for construction companies to have a strong ethical culture. This is because construction projects often involve a lot of money, and there is a risk of corruption. By setting an example of ethical behavior and helping employees make the right decisions, I can help to prevent unethical behavior from happening.
A supervisor's responsibilities in a construction company include:
Ensuring that the work is done safely and in compliance with all applicable regulations.Providing training to employees on safety and other relevant topics.Monitoring employee performance and taking corrective action when necessary.Maintaining a positive work environment.I believe that whistle blowers play an important role in society. They can help to expose wrongdoing and prevent harm to others. I am supportive of whistle blowers and believe that they should be protected from retaliation.
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Which of the following statements about the putting-out system is true?
• The putting-out system was proposed as an alternative to slave labor and indentured servitude.
• The putting-out system was instituted by the federal government to gain economic dominance abroad.
• The putting-out system was burdensome on workers, who had to go through apprenticeships to become journeymen.
• The putting-out system allowed merchants to rely on unskilled labor, which cut production costs.
The statement "The putting-out system allowed merchants to rely on unskilled labor, which cut production costs" is true. The putting-out system, also known as the domestic system, involved merchants subcontracting work to individuals or households who would produce goods in their own homes. This system allowed merchants to take advantage of unskilled labor, often at lower wages, resulting in reduced production costs.
The putting-out system emerged during the 17th and 18th centuries as a form of decentralized production. Merchants would provide raw materials and equipment to rural workers, who would then carry out the production process in their homes. This system allowed merchants to avoid the costs and responsibilities associated with maintaining a centralized production facility. By relying on unskilled labor, merchants could pay lower wages compared to skilled workers, resulting in cost savings.
While the putting-out system provided economic opportunities for workers who could work from home and set their own hours, it also had drawbacks. Workers often faced low wages, long hours, and limited job security. Additionally, the system relied on apprenticeships and the passing down of skills from masters to journeymen, which meant that workers had to undergo training and gain experience to become proficient.
In conclusion, the putting-out system allowed merchants to take advantage of unskilled labor, leading to reduced production costs. However, this system also had negative consequences for workers who faced low wages and limited job security.
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Examples of corporate social responsibility (CSR) are going on all around us. For instance, consider TOMS Shoes. Their slogan is "With every TOMS purchase, you stand with us on issues that matter." They have donated shoes, designer eyewear, and with the launch of their coffee branch, started contributing to programs that ensure safe water for the communities where they harvest their beans. Now, they’ve added "impact grants" to their list of efforts, targeting U.S. gun violence.
As they say on their website, "Since 2006, we’ve given shoes, sight, and safe water to more than 94 million people, and we have our customers to thank for turning our mission—using business to improve lives—into a movement. But the problems facing our world today are more complex than ever. So we are more committed than ever to finding new solutions: in addition to providing for basic human needs, we’re taking a stand on today’s most pressing human issues. And with every TOMS purchase, you’re taking a stand too—for the issues of today, and for a better tomorrow."
People purchase TOMS shoes because they know that the company is socially conscious and that their money will not only buy fashionable footwear, but also be channeled to people in need.
TOMS is at the top of the CSR pyramid, extending their philanthropy to issues that matter.
Discussion Prompt
Find a company in the news today that’s acting at one level of the CSR pyramid: economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic. Explain what action qualifies the company to be at that level of the pyramid, and then talk about how the company is being socially responsible AND how that action will ultimately benefit their businesses.
One company in the news today that is acting at the philanthropic level of the CSR pyramid is Microsoft. Recently, Microsoft announced a $1.5 billion investment in its Climate Innovation Fund, aiming to accelerate the development of technologies that combat climate change.
This action qualifies Microsoft to be at the philanthropic level as they are going beyond their legal and ethical obligations to address a pressing global issue. By investing in climate innovation, Microsoft is being socially responsible by actively working towards reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainability. This action will ultimately benefit their business by positioning them as a leader in environmental stewardship, enhancing their reputation among environmentally-conscious consumers, and potentially opening up new business opportunities in the growing green technology sector.
Furthermore, Microsoft's commitment to philanthropy extends beyond environmental initiatives. Through its philanthropic arm, Microsoft Philanthropies, the company has been involved in various social impact programs. For example, they have launched initiatives like the "AI for Accessibility" program, which aims to leverage artificial intelligence to improve the lives of people with disabilities. By addressing social issues and providing resources and support to marginalized communities, Microsoft demonstrates its commitment to being socially responsible.
These philanthropic actions benefit Microsoft's business in several ways. Firstly, they enhance the company's reputation and brand image, attracting socially conscious consumers who prefer to support companies that align with their values. Additionally, these initiatives foster positive relationships with stakeholders, including employees, customers, and communities, leading to increased loyalty and trust. Lastly, by actively contributing to societal improvement, Microsoft helps create a more stable and inclusive environment for business operations, which can lead to long-term sustainability and success.
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Show Attempt History Current Attempt in Progress x Your answer is incorrect. Pharoah Specialties just purchased inventory-management computer software at a cost of $1,401,950. Cost savings from the investment over the next six years will produce the following cash flow stream: $175,340, $230,240, $351600, $540,250 $800.320, and $677,740. What is the payback period on this investment? (Round answer to 2 decimal placeses 15.25
The payback period is 4 years plus 0.87 of a year (or 0.87 × 12 months), which is equivalent to 10.44 months. Rounded to 2 decimal places, the payback period is 4.15 years.
Payback period:
In finance, the payback period is the length of time necessary for an investment to pay for itself. The payback period is a simple metric that allows you to assess whether or not a given investment is worthwhile.The payback period on this investment is 4.15 years.
It is calculated as follows:
Calculate the cumulative cash inflow each year as shown:
Year 1 = $175,340 Year 2 = $230,240 + $175,340 = $405,580 Year 3 = $351,600 + $405,580 = $757,180 Year 4 = $540,250 + $757,180 = $1,297,430 Year 5 = $800,320 + $1,297,430 = $2,097,750 Year 6 = $677,740 + $2,097,750 = $2,775,490
Calculate the payback period:
Subtract the initial investment from the cumulative cash inflow at the end of year 4:
$2,097,750 - $1,401,950 = $695,800
Divide the result by the cash inflow for year 5:
$695,800 ÷ $800,320 = 0.87
The payback period is 4 years plus 0.87 of a year (or 0.87 × 12 months), which is equivalent to 10.44 months. Rounded to 2 decimal places, the payback period is 4.15 years.
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1. For Webvan, who was the target market for online ordering + home delivery services?
The target market for Webvan's online ordering and home delivery services was primarily busy individuals or families who sought convenience and time-saving solutions for grocery shopping.
Webvan aimed to provide a convenient alternative to traditional brick-and-mortar grocery stores by allowing customers to order groceries online and have them delivered to their doorstep. This service appealed to individuals or families with hectic schedules, limited mobility, or those who simply preferred the convenience of having groceries delivered to their homes.
Webvan's target market also included tech-savvy consumers who embraced e-commerce and were comfortable with making purchases online. The convenience and efficiency of online ordering and home delivery resonated with this demographic, as it aligned with their lifestyle preferences and the growing trend of online shopping.
By targeting this specific market segment, Webvan sought to capture a niche market of customers who valued convenience and were willing to pay for the added service of home delivery. However, despite its initial promise, Webvan faced challenges and ultimately failed to sustain its business model due to various factors, including high operational costs and logistics complexities.
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Shana decides to buy a pair of used ripped jeans for $90.00. She was willing to pay $110.00. When her friend Tanya sees the jeans, she loves them and thinks they are worth $200.00. So she offers Shana $140.00 for the jeans, and Shana accepts. Shana and Tanya are both thrilled with the exchange. The total surplus received by both Shana and Tanya is $ Part 2 (1 pt) Suppose that Shana purchased the jeans from Marie's Boutique. Marie and other boutique owners in town are upset that customers like Shana buy jeans at their stores, and then resell them for a higher price. Marie and the other owners convince the city government to pass a law preventing such resale. Assuming the law is successful, how much surplus is lost if Shana cannot sell the jeans to Tanya?
Total Surplus Received by Shana and Tanya Shana decided to buy used ripped jeans for $90.00 and she was willing to pay $110.00.
But then, Tanya offers Shana $140.00 for the jeans, and Shana accepts. Shana and Tanya are both thrilled with the exchange. Now, we have to find the total surplus received by both Shana and Tanya. The total surplus received by both Shana and Tanya can be calculated by subtracting the total price paid from the total price they were willing to pay.
The total price paid is $140.00 while the total price they were willing to pay is $110.00 + $200.00 = $310.00
Therefore, the Total surplus received by both Shana and Tanya = the Total price they were willing to pay - The total price paid= $310.00 - $140.00= $170.00 Therefore, the total surplus received by both Shana and Tanya is $170.00.
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Jobs: The Case of You are interviewing a candidate for a position as a cashier in a supermarket. You need someone polite, courteous, patient, and dependable. The candidate you are talking to seems nice. But how do you know who is the right person for the job? Will the job candidate like the job or get bored? Will they have a lot of accidents on the job or be fired for misconduct? Don't you wish you knew before hiring? One company approaches this problem scientifically, saving companies time and money on hiring hourly wage employees. Retail employers do a lot of hiring, given their growth and high turnover rate. According to one estimate, replacing an employee who leaves in retail costs companies around $4,000. High turnover also endangers customer service. Therefore, retail employers have an incentive to screen people carefully so that they hire people with the best chance of being successful and happy on the job. Unicru, an employee selection company, developed software that quickly became a market leader in screening hourly workers. The company was acquired by Massachusetts-based Kronos Inc. (NASDAQ: KRON) in 2006 and is currently owned by a private equity firm. The idea behind the software is simple: If you have a lot of employees and keep track of your data over time, you have access to an enormous resource. By analyzing this data, you can specify the profile of the "ideal" employee. The software captures the profile of the potential high performers, and applicants are screened to assess their fit with this particular profile. More importantly, the profile is continually updated as new employees are hired. As the database gets larger, the software does a better job of identifying the right people for the job. If you applied for a job in retail, you may have already been a part of this database: the users of this system include giants such as Universal Studios, Costco Wholesale Corporation, Burger King, and other retailers and chain restaurants. In companies such as Albertsons or Blockbuster, applicants use a kiosk in the store to answer a list of questions and to enter their background, salary history, and other information. In other companies, such as some in the trucking industry, candidates enter the data through the Web site of the company they are applying to. The software screens people on basic criteria such as availability in scheduling as well as personality traits. Candidates are asked to agree or disagree with statements such as "I often make last-minute plans" or "I work best when I am on a team." After the candidates complete the questions, hiring managers are sent a report complete with a color-coded suggested course of action. Red means the candidate does not fit the job, yellow means proceed with caution, and green means the candidate can be hired on the spot. Interestingly, the company contends that faking answers to the questions of the software is not easy because it is difficult for candidates to predict the desired profile. For example, according to their research, being a successful salesman has less to do with being an extraverted and sociable person and more to do with a passion for the company's product. Matching candidates to jobs have long been viewed as a key way of ensuring high performance and low turnover in the workplace, and advances in computer technology are making it easier and more efficient to assess candidate-job fit. Companies using such technology are cutting down the time it takes to hire people, and it is estimated that using such technologies lowers their turnover by 10%−30%. 1. Why is it so expensive for companies to replace workers? (5 marks) 2. In modern times it is possible that an employee could have a number of different jobs in a short amount of time. Do you think this frequent job changing could skew results for this type of "ideal" employee selection? Do you think potential candidates can use these screening mechanisms to their advantage by making themselves seem like perfect candidates when in fact they are not? ( 10 marks) 3. What personality traits may not seem like a good fit based on an initial screening but in fact would make a good employee? (5 marks) 4. Do you feel that hard work and dedication could overcome a person-job mismatch? ( 5 marks)
The high turnover rate in the retail industry makes it expensive for companies to replace workers, costing around $4,000 per employee.
Unicru, an employee selection company, developed software that helps companies screen hourly workers based on their fit with the "ideal" employee profile, reducing turnover and saving time and money.
Frequent job changing among employees could potentially skew results for the "ideal" employee selection because their previous job experiences may not necessarily match the requirements of the new job.
However, the Unicru software continually updates its employee profile based on data analysis, making it more accurate over time.
While potential candidates may try to manipulate their answers to seem like perfect candidates, the software is designed to make it hard for them to predict the desired profile, making it difficult to fake answers.
The software also considers personality traits beyond just extraversion and sociability, recognizing that a passion for the company's product may be a better indicator of success.
Hard work and dedication may be important, but ultimately, a person-job mismatch will likely result in lower performance and higher turnover, making it crucial for companies to screen for the right fit from the start.
By using such technology, companies can save time and money by hiring employees with the best chance of being successful and happy in their jobs.
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Choose the correct statement. A. To get from factor cost to market price, we add indirect taxes and subtract subsidies. B. The sum of factor incomes is called gross domestic income at factor cost. OC. An indirect tax is a tax on income. D. To get from factor cost to market price, we add subsidies and subtract indirect taxes.
The correct statement is D. To get from factor cost to market price, we add subsidies and subtract indirect taxes.
Factor cost refers to the total cost incurred in the production of goods and services, which includes payments made to the factors of production such as labor, capital, and land. Market price, on the other hand, refers to the price at which goods and services are sold in the market.
To convert from factor cost to market price, we need to account for the impact of subsidies and indirect taxes.
Subsidies: Subsidies are government payments or financial assistance provided to businesses or individuals to support certain industries or activities. Subsidies are typically given to lower the production costs or prices of goods and services. When converting from factor cost to market price, we add subsidies because they effectively reduce the cost of production, and thus, increase the final price of the goods and services in the market.
Indirect taxes: Indirect taxes are taxes levied on the sale or consumption of goods and services. Examples include sales tax or value-added tax (VAT). Indirect taxes increase the price of goods and services, as they are typically passed on to the consumers. To convert from factor cost to market price, we subtract indirect taxes because they represent an additional cost that is added to the final price in the market.
To convert from factor cost to market price, the correct approach is to add subsidies and subtract indirect taxes. This adjustment takes into account the impact of government support (subsidies) and taxes (indirect taxes) on the final price of goods and services in the market.
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14. Mandeep comparing the prices of Starbucks coffee and Tim Hortons coffee to determine which one she will buy is an example of the function of money. A) medium of exchange B) unit of account C) store of value D) specialization
Mandeep is trying to compare the prices of Starbucks coffee and Tim Hortons coffee to decide which one she should purchase, which means that she is trying to exchange money for goods that she wants.
This action shows that she is using money as a medium of exchange. The four functions of money are medium of exchange, unit of account, store of value, and standard of deferred payment. Medium of exchange refers to the use of money in exchange for goods or services. For instance, when people buy something using money, they are using money as a medium of exchange. Furthermore, money acts as a store of value, which allows people to save their purchasing power for future use.
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A construction company entered into a fixed-price contract to build an office building for $18 million. Construction costs incurred during the first year were $6 million and estimated costs to complete at the end of the year were $9 million. The company recognizes revenue over time according to percentage of completion. How much revenue and gross profit or loss will appear in the company's income statement in the first year of the contract? (Enter your answer in whole dollars.)
In the first year of the contract, the company will recognize $6 million in revenue but will not have any gross profit or loss.
To calculate the revenue and gross profit or loss for the first year of the contract, we need to determine the percentage of completion based on the construction costs incurred.
Total contract value: $18 million
Construction costs incurred in the first year: $6 million
Estimated costs to complete at the end of the year: $9 million
Percentage of completion = (Construction costs incurred) / (Total contract value)
Percentage of completion = $6 million / $18 million
Percentage of completion = 1/3 or 33.33%
Revenue recognized in the first year = Percentage of completion * Total contract value
Revenue recognized in the first year = 33.33% * $18 million
Revenue recognized in the first year = $6 million
To calculate the gross profit or loss, we need to subtract the construction costs incurred from the recognized revenue.
Gross profit or loss = Revenue recognized - Construction costs incurred
Gross profit or loss = $6 million - $6 million
Gross profit or loss = $0
Therefore, in the first year of the contract, the company will recognize $6 million in revenue but will not have any gross profit or loss.
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Visually describe a problem situation on a college campus through rich picture building (Checkland, 1999). Your image should be a landscape picture from a bird's eye view.
In the bird's eye view of the college campus, we observe a bustling landscape with various elements highlighting the problem situation.
A large crowd of students is gathered around the campus entrance, indicating a bottleneck situation due to inadequate access points. Some students are frustrated and late for their classes as they struggle to navigate through the congested pathways.
Nearby, we notice overflowing trash bins and litter scattered across the campus grounds, suggesting a lack of proper waste management and maintenance. This not only presents an unappealing visual but also poses potential health and environmental hazards.
Further out, we see a group of students gathered around a noticeboard, displaying outdated or missing information. This highlights a communication issue, where important updates, events, and opportunities are not effectively shared with the student body, causing confusion and missed opportunities.
In the distance, we observe long lines forming outside the campus bookstore, indicating a problem with the efficiency of the purchasing process or a lack of available resources, potentially affecting students' access to required course materials.
Overall, this rich picture conveys a problem situation on the college campus involving congestion, waste management, communication, and resource availability, emphasizing the need for improvements in these areas to enhance the campus experience for students.
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Find the future value of an ordinary annuity. Payments are made and interest is compounded as follows: R = 600, 7% interest compounded quarterly for 5 years
The future value of the ordinary annuity would be $3,746.33. This can be calculated using the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity, FV = [tex]\[R \times \frac{{(1 + \frac{{i}}{{n}})^{(n \times t)} - 1}}{{\frac{{i}}{{n}}}}\][/tex]
To calculate the future value of an ordinary annuity, we can use the formula: FV =[tex]\[R \times \frac{{(1 + \frac{{i}}{{n}})^{(n \times t)} - 1}}{{\frac{{i}}{{n}}}}\][/tex], where FV is the future value, P is the payment per period, r is the interest rate, n is the number of compounding periods per year, and t is the number of years.
The payment per period (P) is $600, the interest rate (r) is 7% (expressed as a decimal, 0.07), the number of compounding periods per year (n) is 4 (quarterly compounding), and the number of years (t) is 5.
Plugging these values into the formula: FV = [tex]\[\$600 \times \frac{{(1 + \frac{{0.07}}{{4}})^{(4 \times 5)} - 1}}{{\frac{{0.07}}{{4}}}}\][/tex] = $3,664.40.
Therefore, the future value of the ordinary annuity after 5 years will be approximately $3,664.40. This represents the total amount accumulated by making regular payments and earning compound interest over the given time period.
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Intro Four Seasons Has Preferred Stock Outstanding That Promises To Pay A Quarterly Dividend Of $0.71 Every Quarter Forever. The Stock Currently Trades For $35.6.
Part (1) - What Is The Annualized Cost Of Preferred Stock?
To calculate the annualized cost of preferred stock, multiply the quarterly dividend by the number of quarters in a year (4), i.e., $0.71 x 4 = $2.84 per year.
The annualized cost of preferred stock refers to the cost or rate of return associated with owning and holding preferred stock over a one-year period. It represents the total amount of dividends paid by the preferred stock during a year. To calculate the annualized cost of preferred stock, you need to multiply the dividend payment per period by the number of periods in a year. For example, if the preferred stock pays a quarterly dividend of $0.71, you would multiply $0.71 by 4 (since there are 4 quarters in a year) to get the annualized cost. In this case, the annualized cost would be $2.84.
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Generate a query to find the average income of customers who purchased a car on their interaction. 8. Construct a query to show salespeople’s first name and the average annual income of their customers in your result. (HINT: You do not need to include a criterion for Purchase in this query)
To find the average income of customers who purchased a car on their interaction, you can use the following SQL query:
sql
Copy code
SELECT AVG(c.Income) AS AverageIncome
FROM Customers AS c
JOIN Interactions AS i ON c.CustomerID = i.CustomerID
WHERE i.Purchase = 'Yes';
This query joins the "Customers" and "Interactions" tables on the CustomerID column and filters the interactions where a purchase was made. The AVG function is used to calculate the average income of those customers.
To show the salespeople's first name and the average annual income of their customers in the result, you can modify the query as follows:
sql
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SELECT s.FirstName, AVG(c.Income) AS AverageIncome
FROM Customers AS c
JOIN Interactions AS i ON c.CustomerID = i.CustomerID
JOIN Salespeople AS s ON i.SalespersonID = s.SalespersonID
WHERE i.Purchase = 'Yes'
GROUP BY s.FirstName;
This query adds a join with the "Salespeople" table on the SalespersonID column and includes the salespeople's first name in the result. The result is then grouped by salespeople's first name, and the AVG function calculates the average income for each salesperson's customers.
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An individual's income rises from $80,000 per year to $84,000 per year, and as a consequence the per- son's purchases of movie downloads rise from 48 per year to 72 per year. What is this individual's income elasticity of demand?
The elasticity of demand (IED) is a term that describes how demand for a good or service changes in response to changes in income. It is calculated as the percentage change in the quantity demanded of a good or service divided by the percentage change in income.
In other words, IED measures the sensitivity of demand for a good or service to changes in income. The formula for calculating income elasticity of demand is as follows:Income elasticity of demand = Percentage change in quantity demanded / Percentage change in incomeGiven that an individual's income rises from $80,000 per year to $84,000 per year, and as a consequence the person's purchases of movie downloads rise from 48 per year to 72 per year, we can calculate the income elasticity of demand for movie downloads as follows:Percentage change in quantity demanded = ((New quantity demanded - Old quantity demanded) / Old quantity demanded) x 100%Percentage change in quantity demanded = ((72 - 48) / 48) x 100%Percentage change in quantity demanded = 50%Percentage change in income = ((New income - Old income) / Old income) x 100%Percentage change in income = ((84,000 - 80,000) / 80,000) x 100%Percentage change in income = 5%Therefore, the income elasticity of demand for movie downloads is:Income elasticity of demand = Percentage change in quantity demanded / Percentage change in incomeIncome elasticity of demand = 50% / 5%Income elasticity of demand = 10So, the individual's income elasticity of demand is 10.
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Evaluate the impact of the five forces that drive competition in the fast-food industry. In other words, using Michael E. Porter's Five-Forces Model (Chapter 4, pp. 100-109), assess the relative strength of each force within the fast-food industry.
the five forces play a significant role in determining the fast-food industry's competition. Fast food companies must strive to innovate, keep prices low, offer quality food, and provide excellent customer service to remain competitive in the industry. These strategies will assist companies in developing brand recognition and customer loyalty,
Michael Porter’s Five Forces Model analyses the business environment of an industry and helps identify its strengths and weaknesses. It assists businesses in understanding and anticipating the competition within their industry. These five forces that shape competition in the fast-food industry are as follows:Threat of new entrantsThe fast-food industry's market is saturated with a plethora of well-known brands, making it extremely difficult for newcomers to enter. High capital costs, such as obtaining licenses, setting up and operating costs, make it difficult for new entrants to survive. Brand value is another barrier to entry for new companies.Threat of substitutesIn the fast-food industry, the threat of substitutes is high. As a result, there is a constant struggle to introduce innovative and tasty meals to attract consumers. The industry's substitute products include other types of fast food, snacks, and prepared meals that customers can purchase at grocery stores .Bargaining power of buyersFast food consumers have a strong bargaining position because they can choose from a variety of brands. Customers also have the ability to demand high-quality food, reasonable pricing, and greater convenience. As a result, the fast-food industry must work to meet consumer expectations to keep them loyal. Bargaining power of suppliers Suppliers have minimal bargaining power in the fast-food industry due to the numerous suppliers and low switching costs. To keep the supply chain smooth, suppliers must provide the ingredients at a reasonable price. Nonetheless, the fast-food industry will always be affected by fluctuations in the price of goods, such as crops and fuel .Industry rivalryThe fast-food industry has fierce competition, with various brands competing for market share. Companies frequently lower their prices to attract customers. They must also develop innovative advertising strategies to grab the attention of customers. They must also provide customers with exceptional service to stand out from the competition.
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