Nervous system has two divisions called central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals all over the body. It has two main parts: central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). CNS include brain and spinal cord, and PNS includes the nerves branching off from the CNS and travelling all over the body. PNS is further divided into somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.
The primary role of PNS is to send messages from brain and spinal cord all over the body that helps in reacting to the stimuli.
Somatic system helps to carry signals to and from the CNS and controls voluntary movements. It comprises sensory and motor neurons. Sensory neurons helps to carry messages to the CNS and motor neurons are responsible for carrying messages out of the CNS.
Autonomic system helps to control involuntary functions like blood flow, etc. It has two sub-categories: sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. Systematic system responds to environmental threats while parasympathetic system is responsible for maintaining involuntary functions of the body.
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When organisms die, the carbon they contain may be "locked-up" in fossil fuels.
Which process must be avoided for this to happen?
When organisms die, the carbon they contain may be "locked-up" in fossil fuels. The process that must be avoided for this to happen is carbon cycle.
How has carbon become locked up in fossil fuels?The dead materials and waste would tie up the carbon, preventing it from being taken back into the atmosphere and reducing the amount of carbon dioxide available for photosynthesis.
Therefore, Carbon from plants as well as animals that lived millions of years ago is stored in rocks like fossil fuels such as coal and oil. Slow geologic acts taken in by the carbon from these organism deaths and changed it into natural resources.
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The tough, opaque tissue that acts as the eye’s protective outer layer is called the __________. a. lens b. cornea c. fovea d. sclera please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
At approximately what time of day dose a person brain receive the greatest influx of glucose?
Answer: between 2 a.m. and 8 a.m
Explanation:
If a population had no phenotypic variation, why would we not expect natural selection to act on this population?.
Answer:We would not expect natural selection as the phenotype is the actual difrent traits presented {such as blue eyes} while the genotype {witch in this situation is diffrent} is the actual genes the person has. Genetic evolution/natural selection only works if one group is more likly to survive than the other. if difrences are not present then no group will be more likly to survive more.
Explanation:
Hi i need help here please PLEASE PLEASE ASAP
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Question 1 (10 points)
Choose one of the following scenarios and answer the questions provided. Support your answers using scientific reasoning and discussing possible impacts to individuals, society, and the environment. Be sure to also discuss any medical or ethical issues that may apply. (10 points)
Scenario 1:
Genetic engineering can be used to create more productive strains of farm animals used for milk and meat production. By adding genes to an animal's DNA, the animal can be made to be more resistant to common infections. This can reduce the need to administer large doses of antibiotics to the animals.
Do you think that this type of genetic engineering should be pursued? Explain your answer. (5 points)
What are some possible impacts (positive and negative) of this type of genetic engineering on individuals, society, and the environment? (5 points)
Scenario 2:
Mike was adopted, and his biological family history is unknown. Although he is healthy, he would like some understanding of his genetic makeup, including potential health risks and genes that he could pass on to his children. Mike has heard about commercial laboratories that can compare segments of your DNA to those of people with common hereditary diseases in order to give you some idea of how susceptible you are to the diseases. The results of these types of tests are highly inconclusive. If Mike's DNA showed that he shares similarities in a segment of DNA with people who have a given disease, his chances of developing that disease or passing it on to his children may be slightly elevated, but they are not 100 percent. These tests can cost more than $2,500 and are not covered by many insurance companies.
Do you think that Mike should undergo the genetic tests? Explain your answer. (2 points)
What are potential pros and cons of having such tests done? (5 points)
Describe how the availability of these genetic tests might affect the frequency of genetic diseases in individuals and populations. (3 points)
Your answer:
Only when there is an effective therapy available to prevent or treat the ailment being screened for can genetic testing be recommended.
What are potential pros and cons in genetic test?Participating in genetic or diagnostic testing has the advantage of providing parents with the knowledge they need to prepare for a child who might have special needs.
These tests do, however, marginally raise the chance of miscarriage and other pregnancy-related problems.
The benefit of taking part in genetic or diagnostic testing is that it gives parents the information they need to get ready for a kid who might have special needs.
Therefore, Mike should undergo the genetic tests.
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In a population of 100 individuals, 50 are genotype mm, 40 are mn, and 10 are nn. What are the frequencies of the m and n alleles in this population?.
The frequencies of the m and n alleles in this population F(M) = 0.7 and F(N)=0.3.
What does genotype mean ?Gene pool as a whole is described by the term "genotype," that roughly refers to an individual's genes make-up. The term can also be used in a more precise sense to refer to the various alleles, or variations of a trait, that an animal possesses.
Briefing:To take into account that individuals NN and MM only N or M alleles respectively while MN gives just half of the allelic contribution for each. With this in mind we have the following probabilities for getting each of the alleles: MM => p(M) = 1.0 and p(N)=0.0
MN => p(M )
= 0.5 and p(N) = 0.5
NN => P(M)
= 0.0 and p(N) = 1.0
The frequencies of the M and N alleles with 100 individuals using the following formulas
For f(M):
[tex]f(M)=\frac{1.0(M M)+0.5(M N)}{\text { Totalindividuals }}[/tex]
f (M) = 1.0 (50) + 0.5 (40)/100
f (M) = 50 + 20/100
f (M) = 70/100 = 0.7
The M allele has a frequency of 0.7.
For f(N):
[tex]f(N)=\frac{1.0(NN)+0.5(M N)}{\text { Totalindividuals }}[/tex]
f (N) = 1.0 (10) + 0.5 (40)/100
f (N) = 10 + 20/100
f (N) = 30/100 = 0.3
The N allele has a frequency of 0.3.
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The complete question is -
In a population of 100 individuals, 50 are genotype MM, 40 are MN, and 10 are NN. What are the frequencies of the M and N alleles in this population? In a population of 100 individuals, 50 are genotype MM, 40 are MN, and 10 are NN. What are the frequencies of the M and N alleles in this population? f(M) = 0.5, f(N) = 0.5 f(M) = 0.1, f(N) = 0.9 f(M) = 0.9, f(N) = 0.1 f(M) = 0.3, f(N) = 0.7 f(M) = 0.7, f(N) = 0.3
Over-the-counter medications for acid reflux or heartburn block the production of stomach acid. Which of the following cells are directly affected by this medication?
a. goblet cells
b. parietal cells
c. smooth muscle cells
d. chief cells
Parietal cells in the stomach are blocked from producing acids by medicines for heartburn.
Heartburn, commonly known as GERD, is treatable with over-the-counter medications that lower acidity in the stomach. Acidity is created by the release of HCl in the stomach, and this HCl is required for restricting microbial activity and activating pepsinogen to pepsin (for the digestion of proteins in the stomach). When stomach acid returns into the tube that transports food from your mouth to your stomach, it causes heartburn (esophagus). When food is eaten, the lower esophageal sphincter (a ring of muscle surrounding the bottom of the esophagus) relaxes, allowing food and fluids to flow into the stomach.
Parietal cells (also referred as oxyntic cells) are stomach epithelial cells that release HCl and intrinsic factor. These cells are present in the gastric glands, which are situated in the fundus and body areas of the stomach. Parietal cells are in charge of secreting stomach acid, which assists in digestion, mineral absorption, and bacterial control. The parietal cells in the stomach wall create HCl. As a result, these over-the-counter medications work on parietal cells, lowering heartburn and acid output in the stomach.
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the total dinner bill at a buffet comes out to $1,240 for 62 people. about how much the same number of digits
Answer:
20$
Explanation:
hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ___________ and carries oxygen.
Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to erythrocytes and carries oxygen.
The majority of the blood's cells are erythrocytes. Due to their flexibility, they can freely move across capillaries, carrying carbon dioxide to the lungs and supplying oxygen to tissues. The most prevalent protein in erythrocytes is hemoglobin (Hb), which serves as the body's principal oxygen carrier.
Red blood cells include a protein called hemoglobin, which consists of four subunits: two alpha, two beta, and an iron-containing heme group. This heme group easily bonds to oxygen. As more oxygen molecules are bonded to heme, the oxygen's ability to bind rises. Oxygen's ability to bind to hemoglobin and to dissociate from it can be affected by disease states and other physiological changes.
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List mendel’s conclusions from his experiments. How do the conclusions relate to what is known today in the field of genetics?
The main Mendel’s conclusions from his experiments include the independent segregation and dominance of characters, which are inherited from parents through factors we now know as genes.
Who was Gregor Mendel?Gregor Mendel was a Hungarian botanist who discovered the main inheritance laws by crossing pea plants that showed pure traits (i.e. they were pure lines).
Mendel discovered the principle of independent segregation which states that characters are independently inherited when they are not linked. He also observed that the characters are based on dominance features in which a character is dominant over another depending on the genetic makeup of the parent that transmits these inherited factors to offspring.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that Mendel discovered fundamental laws in genetics that are associated with the principle of genetic dominance (there are alleles that dominate others) and also the principle of independent segregation of characters.
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The Light Reaction begins in Photosystem 1.
A. True
B. False
which are functions of astrocytes? multiple select question. regulate chemical composition of tissue fluid secrete nerve growth factors form blood-brain barrier form myelin around axons in cns convert blood glucose to lactate for neurons to use for fuel
Answer: good
Explanation:
Which of the answers accurately describes the organisms that live in the deepest
parts of the Benthic Zone?
a. adapted to warm temperatures
b. have keen eyesight
c. obtain energy from dead surface organisms
d. survive using photosynthesis
The sediments at the seafloor often make up the benthic zone, which is the lowest biological zone in a body of water.In the benthic zone, these sediments are crucial for supplying nutrients to the species that reside there.
Which of the answers accurately describes the organisms that live in the deepest?
The benthic zone, which includes the sediment top and some subsurface layers, is the ecological region at the bottom of a body of water, such as an ocean, lake, or stream.The name derives from the Greek word o (bénthos), which means "the depths." Benthic animals, such as bigger invertebrates like crustaceans and polychaetes, as well as microorganisms (such as bacteria and fungi) are found in this zone.In this environment, organisms typically coexist closely with the substrate, and many are anchored there permanently.The lowest layer of water and the topmost layer of sediment that is directly impacted by the water above them make up the benthic boundary layer, which is a crucial component of the benthic zone because it has a significant impact on the biological activity that occurs there.Sand bottoms, rocky outcrops, coral, and bay mud are a few examples of contact soil layers. The organisms that inhabit the benthic zone are known as benthos, and they differ from those that are found elsewhere in the water column. Even within the benthic zone, variations in conditions like light penetration, temperature, and salinity can lead to clear distinctions between the groups of organisms supported.The pressure difference can be very large, making it impossible for many creatures suited to deep-water pressure to thrive in the higher regions of the water column.Many people have made adaptations to survive on the substrate.Even though they are dominating in their environments, Carcharhinidae like the lemon shark frequently use them as a food source.Marine snow is frequently the source of energy for the benthic environment because light does not go very far into the water.Organic material from higher up in the water column drifts to the bottom of the ocean as marine snow.The majority of organisms in the benthic zone are scavengers or detritivores, which sustain the benthic food chain.To create biomass, some microbes engage in chemosynthesis.Depending on whether they live on the ocean floor or a few centimeters below the surface, benthic animals can be categorized into two groups.Epifauna are creatures that inhabit the ocean's surface. The term "infauna" refers to creatures that live underground.Extremophiles, such as piezophiles, who flourish under high pressure environments.
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Active transport is usually carried out by......
A. transporter proteins and pumps
B. osmosis and simple diffusion
C. facilitated diffusion
Answer:
A. transporter proteins and pumps 100% sure
what reagents are used to indicate the presence of reducing sugars, starches, lipids, and proteins?
Benedict's reagent are used to indicate the presence of reducing sugars, starches, lipids, and proteins.
A complex mixture of sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, and copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate is used to create Benedict's reagent, also known as Benedict's qualitative solution or Benedict's solution. When determining whether reducing sugars are present, it frequently takes the place of Fehling's solution. Other reducing agents present contribute to a favourable outcome as well. These tests are known as Benedict's tests because they employ this reagent. A precipitate's hue changing from clear blue to brick-red indicates a positive test result for Benedict's reagent.
Benedict's test typically finds aldehydes, alpha-hydroxy-ketones, and hemiacetals, including those seen in some ketoses. As a result, even though ketose fructose isn't precisely a reducing sugar, it is still an alpha-hydroxy-ketone and produces a positive test result when it reacts with the base in the reagent to form aldoses of glucose and mannose. The reagent's cupric (Cu2+) complex oxidises the reducing sugar to form cuprous (Cu+), which precipitates as insoluble red copper(I) oxide (Cu2O).
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write any four difference between homologous and vestigial organs.
Homologous structures are anatomical structures that are comparable to one another and have been passed down from a common ancestor, whereas vestigial structures are anatomical structures that have shrunk in size because they are no longer needed.
What are homologous and similar structures different in four ways?Homologous structures are those with different roles but comparable anatomy, morphology, embryology, and genetics. Analogous structures are those that perform the same function while having anatomically distinct surfaces.The classic example of homologous structures are the bones of limbs in vertebrate animals. A structure that has atrophied and is no longer helpful is said to be vestigial.The bones of an animal's limbs are a prime example of homologous structures. A structure that has atrophied and is no longer useful is said to be vestige.Here are a few instances of homology: Homologous structures include the human arm, a bird or bat's wing, a dog's leg, a dolphin or whale's flipper, and the wing of a bird or a bat. They are distinct and serve different purposes, although they are comparable and have similar characteristics.To Learn more About Anatomical structures, Refer:
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When vitamins are part of an enzyme complex they are ___ and when minerals are part of an enzyme complex they are _____.
Answer:
When vitamins are part of an enzyme complex they are coenzymes and when minerals are part of an enzyme complex they are activators.
What is the place where one plate slides under the other?
transform boundary
divergent boundary
mid-ocean ridge
deep-ocean trench PLS HELP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Don't take me precisely for the answer,
but I believe its transform boundry
where does light dependent and light independent in photosynthesis take place?
Light-dependent reactions, which happen in the thylakoids, and light-independent reactions, which happen in the stroma, are the two types of reactions that make up the process of photosynthesis.
What makes photosynthesis so important?Because photosynthesis is the method used by plants to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen with the aid of sunlight, it is significant. Animals depend on oxygen for survival, while plants purify the air by removing dangerous carbon dioxide.
What will happen if there is no photosynthesis?Without photosynthesis, oxygen wouldn't be produced, and over time, oxidation processes like rust formation would eventually deplete the oxygen supply. Additionally, by eliminating plants, all of the numerous creatures who depend on them would get incredibly hungry and eventually perish.
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Which of these is a polysaccharide? A. Lactose. B. Glycogen. C. Sucrose.
cellulose is a polysaccharide.
A significant class of biomolecules is polysaccharides. They are large chains of monosaccharide molecules that are linked together. These intricate biomacromolecules serve as a vital energy source for animal cells and are a crucial part of plant cells' structural makeup. The nature of the monosaccharides determines whether it is a homopolysaccharide or a heteropolysaccharide.
A branching polysaccharide is a type of carbohydrate that is different from a linear polysaccharide, which is a straight chain of monosaccharides.
Organisms have this energy in reserve. The molecules are hydrophobic because water cannot enter them because of the many hydrogen bonds present. They permit adjustments to the concentration gradient, which affects how the cells absorb nutrients and water.
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This topographic map shows an area around a river. The water in this part of the river flows quickly all year long. How is the topographic map likely to change over a long period of time?
The line near the foot of the mountain becomes a perfect circle.
There are fewer lines near the summit and they are further apart. A topographic map shows the topography or shape of the land on the surface of the earth. The terrain is represented by contour lines, which are imaginary lines. All points on a given contour line are at the same elevation. These lines are usually relative to the mean sea level.
Historically USGS topographic maps have been produced using data from primary sources including direct field observations. These maps were assembled drawn, and edited by hand. By today's standards, these traditional methods are very expensive and time-consuming and the USGS does not have the resources to map them this way. Topographic maps are used by hikers and backpackers to plan routes and estimate travel times.
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Answer: There will be more lines close to the river because water erosion will form a canyon.
Explanation: I got it right
100 points please match them together.
Answer:
in explanation
Explanation:
carbohydrates -> providing E
lipids -> storing E
proteins -> building structures
nucleic acids -> passing traits
What is the global variation in sea level brought about by change in the volume of water occupying the ocean basins?.
The global variation in sea level brought about by change in the volume of water occupying the ocean basins that is eustasy.
Sea level rise is therefore a climate change phenomenon that increases the volume of ocean water, primarily as a result of the melting of ice sheets and glaciers and the thermal expansion of water. Global sea levels are rising as a result of human-induced global warming, and the recent rate of rise is unprecedented in the last 2,500 years. Sea level rise is mainly caused by two factors related to global warming.
As the planet warms sea levels rise for two reasons. First, as temperatures rise land-based ice such as glaciers and ice sheets melt and the melted water flows into the sea causing sea levels to rise. Second warm water expands and takes up more space than cold water increasing the volume of ocean water. The major physical impacts of sea-level rise include coastal erosion, delta inundation, and flooding and loss of many wetlands and marshes.
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Female gymnasts can contort their bodies in many different ways and land on a 4 beam with accuracy. Which fiber type is responsible for this ability?.
Type A fibres is responsible for this ability
What is Type A fibres ?The type Ia and type Ib sensory fibres of the alternative categorization system, which come from the Golgi tendon and muscle spindle terminals, respectively, are types of A fibres. The type II afferent fibres from stretch receptors are known as type A fibres and type A respectively.
Cross-striations are the most noticeable histological characteristic of muscle fibres, which are massive multinucleated cells. Numerous myofibrils with tiny cylinders made of bundles of myofilaments can be found in the cytoplasm.One muscle cell makes up each muscle fibre. They aid in regulating the bodily's physical forces. They can enable coordinated movement of your limbs and tissues when gathered together.Learn more about Fibres here:
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Which ferm defines a well-tested, scientifically supported statement that describes how something happens?
hypothesis
law
observation
theory
A well-researched explanation of observations is a theory. A statement that encapsulates the relationship between variables is known as a scientific law.
Explain TheoryAn accurate set of observations and experiments form the basis of a scientific theory. On the natural earth, the theory is used everywhere.A scientific theory is an ordered explanation that typically uses scientific principles and a set of facts or happenings from the natural world as support. In science, the word "theory" has a different connotation than it has in common usage.These hypotheses were developed by scientists, and they are revealing the earth's mysteries. They are advancing humankind.
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why must all living cells carefully regulate the fluidity of their membranes?
The fluidity of a membrane allows multiple membrane proteins to diffuse rapidly in the plane of the bilayer and interact with one another, which is important in cell signaling, for example.
Maintaining appropriate membrane fluidity is critical for all cells for a variety of reasons. Cell membranes must maintain a balance between fluidity, which allows proteins and lipids to move inside the membrane, and membrane curvature, bending, budding, and fusing, without compromising membrane integrity and enabling substances to leak into or out of the cell. The function of biomolecules residing within or connected with the membrane structure is known to be affected by membrane fluidity. Some peripheral proteins, for example, rely on membrane fluidity to bind.
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One of the functions of lysosomes is
breaking down waste in the cell. They
also help white blood cells.
How do lysosomes help white blood
cells?
A. Lysosomes help white blood cells produce ATP.
B. Lysosomes help white blood cells fight bacteria.
C. Lysosomes help white blood cells transport oxygen.
D. Lysosomes help white blood cells make proteins.
Answer:
B. help white blood cell to fight bacteria
what would be the expected outcome for a person who has a normal gene allele and an abnormal gene allele for insulin and the area around the abnormal gene allele is heavily methylated?
Expected outcome is Normal insulin is produced in lower-than-normal amounts.
The amount of glucose in your blood at any given time is regulated by the hormone insulin, which is produced by your pancreas. Additionally, it aids in storing glucose in your muscles, fat, and liver. It also controls how your body uses proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Upon digestion, carbohydrates yield glucose, a sugar that serves as the body's main energy source. The bloodstream then receives glucose. Insulin, which is produced by the pancreas in response, enables glucose to enter the body's cells and give energy. By facilitating cellular glucose uptake, regulating carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, and encouraging cell division and proliferation through its mitogenic activities, the pancreatic islets of Langerhans cells emit the peptide hormone insulin, which maintains normal blood glucose levels.
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What can I do to improve air quality in my community ?
Answer:
Reduce the number of trips you take in your car. Reduce or eliminate fireplace and wood stove use. Avoid burning leaves, trash, and other materials. Avoid using gas-powered lawn and garden equipment.
Explanation:
Nerve damage and death are likely to occur if the body receives a current of ____ to ____ milliamps.
According to research it can be concluded that Nerve damage and death are likely to occur if the body receives a current of 50 to 100 milliamps.
What is nerve damage?Nerve damage refers to a process by which the nerves or whitish fibre from the nervous system that transmit electrical impulses are destroyed due to some factors like high current. This can causes pains or burning sensation. Severe nerve damage can result into numbness, pains, shooting and burning sensation. High Current causes nerves shock and disrupt nerves activities.
It can be conclude that high current can disrupt and cause nerve damage.
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