Economic theory would not be useful in studying why some people find it easier to give up smoking than others. This is because it is not a subject of economics.
Economic theory studies how people allocate scarce resources and the effects of incentives on decisions made by people, firms, and governments. The other options listed are subjects that are studied in economics: the effect of increased cigarette taxes on cigarette consumption, the impact on the domestic car industry of a quota on imported cars, the effects on one's job prospects of returning to school to study for a degree, and the impact on the domestic economy of reducing income taxes.
In each of these cases, the theory of economics can be used to understand how incentives and other factors can affect the decisions made by individuals, firms, and governments, and how these decisions can affect the economy as a whole.
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A certain part (0438) requires three assembly operations (L,M and Q) that are sequentially done on an automatic assembly line. The schedule designer requires this assembly line to produce 6000 parts/month, and the plant will be operating 4 weeks per month, six days per week, and 8 hours per day. The following information is known: The line is controlled by a computer that requires re-programing every lot of 750 parts. This re-programing process takes I hour on average. The required time in(hours) for operation (Q) to produce the requiredquantity is 316 350 211
The line is controlled by a computer that requires re-programming of every lot of 750 parts. This re-programming process takes I hour on average. The required time in (hours) for operation (Q) to produce the required quantity is 316 350 211.
Given the information as follows; A certain part (0438) requires three assembly operations (L, M and Q) that are sequentially done on an automatic assembly line. The schedule designer requires this assembly line to produce 6000 parts/month, and the plant will be operating 4 weeks per month, six days per week, and 8 hours per day.
We have the following;
The total working hours in a month = 4 weeks × 6 days/week × 8 hours/day
= 192 hours/month.
Total production = 6000 parts/month
The production rate/hour = Total production/ Total working hours in a month
= 6000 parts/192 hours
= 31.25 parts/hour.
Number of lot per month = 6000/750 = 8 lots/month.
Therefore, Total computer time = Number of lots × time per lot
= 8 lots × 1 hour/lot
= 8 hours/month.
Thus, Net time = Total time – Computer time
= 192 hours – 8 hours
= 184 hours/month. Therefore,
The hourly rate of operation Q = Total time required for operation Q / Number of parts produced per hour
= (316 + 350 + 211) / (184)
= 1.95 hours/part.
Therefore, the hourly rate of the part is 1.95 hours/part.
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Eagle Tree Services reports the following amounts on December 31, 2024. In addition, the company reported the following cash flows. Required: 1. Prepare a balance sheet. 2. Prepare a statement of cash flows. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Prepare a balance sheet. Eagle Tree Services reports the following amounts on December 31, 2024. In addition, the company reported the following cash flows. Required: 1. Prepare a balance sheet. 2. Prepare a statement of cash flows. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Prepare a statement of cash flows. (Cash outflows and decreases in cash should be indicated by a minus sign.) Below are several transactions for Harington Corporation. A junior accountant, recently employed by the company, proposes to rec the following transactions. Required: 1. Assess whether the proposed entries are correct or incorrect. 2. Provide a correct entry for each of the transactions classified as incorrect.
The company borrowed $ 20,000 from a bank by signing a note payable. The accountant's proposed entry is:Cash20,000Note payable20,000Proposed entry: Correct 5. Harington Corporation paid $ 1,500 to settle an account payable that was due this year. The accountant's proposed entry is:Accounts payable1,500Cash1,500Proposed entry: Correct
Balance Sheet for Eagle Tree Services on December 31, 2024 is as follows: Eagle Tree ServicesBalance SheetDecember 31, 2024AssetsCash$ 240,000Accounts receivable($ 2,000 less allowance for doubtful accounts $ 5,000)40,000Inventory25,000Property, plant, and equipment($ 85,000 less accumulated depreciation of $ 20,000)65,000Total Assets$ 370,000LiabilitiesAccounts payable$ 30,000Bonds payable60,000Total liabilities90,000Stockholders' EquityCommon stock100,000Retained earnings180,000Total stockholders' equity280,000Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$ 370,000Statement of Cash Flows for Eagle Tree Services is as follows:Eagle Tree ServicesStatement of Cash FlowsFor the year ended December 31, 2024Cash Flows from Operating ActivitiesNet income$ 50,000Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:Depreciation20,000Decrease in accounts receivable2,000Increase in inventory(5,000)Increase in accounts payable15,000Net cash provided by operating activities$ 82,000Cash Flows from Investing ActivitiesPurchase of property, plant, and equipment(60,000)Net cash used in investing activities(60,000)Cash Flows from Financing ActivitiesProceeds from issuance of bonds30,000Net cash provided by financing activities30,000Net increase in cash and cash equivalents52,000Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year188,000Cash and cash equivalents, end of year$ 240,000Therefore, the prepared balance sheet for Eagle Tree Services is represented by the table above. As a result, the prepared statement of cash flows for Eagle Tree Services is also represented by the table above.Transactions for Harington Corporation1. A three-year note receivable was collected on maturity today, including interest of $ 500. The accountant's proposed entry is:Cash15,000Notes receivable15,000Proposed entry: Correct 2. A piece of equipment was purchased for cash, $ 12,000. The accountant's proposed entry is:Equipment12,000Cash12,000Proposed entry: Correct 3. Harington Corporation received $ 5,000 from a customer for work to be completed in the future. The accountant's proposed entry is:Cash5,000Deferred revenue5,000Proposed entry: Incorrect Correct entry:Cash5,000Unearned revenue5,0004. The company borrowed $ 20,000 from a bank by signing a note payable. The accountant's proposed entry is:Cash20,000Note payable20,000Proposed entry: Correct 5. Harington Corporation paid $ 1,500 to settle an account payable that was due this year. The accountant's proposed entry is:Accounts payable1,500Cash1,500Proposed entry: Correct
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Suppose the market demand curve for a good produced by a monopolist is characterized by the following equation: P=aQ
b
where a>0 and b<0 A. Use calculus to derive a general expression for the price elasticity of demand. B. Calculate the price elasticity of demand at a price of P=$4 and at a price of P=$8. C. Graph the demand function if a=200 and b=−2; if a=400 and b=−2; and if a=200 and b=−4.
The price elasticity of demand can be derived by differentiating the demand equation with respect to price and multiplying by P/Q. The specific value of the price elasticity of demand can be calculated by substituting the given price into the derived expression.
A. To derive a general expression for the price elasticity of demand, we need to differentiate the demand equation with respect to price (P) and multiply it by P/Q (where Q is the quantity demanded).
The given demand equation is [tex]P = aQ^b.[/tex]
Differentiating both sides with respect to P gives us:
[tex]dP/dQ = abQ^(b-1)[/tex]
Multiplying by P/Q, we have:
[tex](P/Q)(dP/dQ) = abQ^(b-1) * (P/Q)[/tex]
Simplifying, we get:
[tex]E = (P/Q)(dP/dQ) = abQ^(b-1) * (P/Q)[/tex]
[tex]E = abQ^(b-2) * P[/tex]
Thus, the general expression for the price elasticity of demand is[tex]E = abQ^(b-2) * P.[/tex]
B. To calculate the price elasticity of demand at P=4 and P=8, we can substitute the given prices into the expression for E:
[tex]E = abQ^(b-2) * P[/tex]
For P=4:
[tex]E = abQ^(b-2) * 4[/tex]
For P=8:
[tex]E = abQ^(b-2) * 8[/tex]
C. To graph the demand function, we can substitute the given values of a and b into the equation P = aQ^b.
If a=200 and b=-2:
[tex]P = 200Q^(-2)[/tex]
If a=400 and b=-2:
[tex]P = 400Q^(-2)[/tex]
If a=200 and b=-4:
[tex]P = 200Q^(-4)[/tex]
These equations can be graphed to represent the demand functions. Remember that the graph will have a negative slope, as b<0, indicating an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded.[tex]P = aQ^b.[/tex]
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Answer all three parts using the dropdown menus: On January 1,2021, Star Software issues $400,000 of 10 year, 6% bonds. Interest is paid semiannually on June 30 and December 31. Star receives proceeds of $431,000 (the market rate for the bonds was 5%. (a) what is the amount of the liability that will be recorded on the date the bonds are issued (Jan 1 , 2021)? (b) what is the decrease in cash that will occur when interest is paid on June 30,2021 ? (c) what is the amount of interest expense (and the decrease in retained earnings) that will occur on June 30,2021 ?
The amount of the liability that will be recorded on January 1, 2021, is equal to the issue price of the bonds, which is $400,000.(a) The amount of the liability that will be recorded on the date the bonds are issued (Jan 1, 2021) is $400,000.
On January 1, 2021, Star Software issued $400,000 of 10-year, 6% bonds. Interest is paid semiannually on June 30 and December 31. Star receives proceeds of $431,000 (the market rate for the bonds was 5%).The amount of the liability that will be recorded on the date the bonds are issued (Jan 1, 2021) is $400,000.
(b) The decrease in cash that will occur when interest is paid on June 30, 2021, is $12,000. Interest is paid semiannually, and the bond interest expense is 6% of $400,000 or $24,000 per year, which is $12,000 per six-month period.
(c) The amount of interest expense (and the decrease in retained earnings) that will occur on June 30, 2021, is $12,000. Semiannual interest expense of $24,000 is divided equally between the June 30 and December 31 interest payments, resulting in interest expense of $12,000 for the June 30 interest payment.
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FastTrack Bikes, Inc. is thinking of developing a new composite road bike. Development will take six years and the cost is per year. Once in production, the bike is expected to make per year for years. Assume the cost of capital is .
a. Calculate the NPV of this investment opportunity, assuming all cash flows occur at the end of each year. Should the company make the investment?
b. By how much must the cost of capital estimate deviate to change the decision? (Hint: Use Excel to calculate theIRR.)
c. What is the NPV of the investment if the cost of capital is ? Note: Assume that all cash flows occur at the end of the appropriate year and that the inflows do not start until year 7.
a. The company should invest because the NPV of the investment is positive.
b. If the cost of capital estimate deviates by more than 8.95%, the decision to invest will be changed.
c. If the cost of capital is 12%, the NPV of the investment will be $11,842.21.
a. Calculation of NPV of the investment opportunity given that all cash flows occur at the end of each year is as follows:
NPV= -$50,000 - $50,000/(1+0.1) - $50,000/(1+0.1)^2 - $50,000/(1+0.1)^3 - $50,000/(1+0.1)^4 - $50,000/(1+0.1)^5 + $20,000/(1+0.1)^6 + $20,000/(1+0.1)^7 + $20,000/(1+0.1)^8 + $20,000/(1+0.1)^9 + $20,000/(1+0.1)^10= -$50,000 - $45,454.55 - $41,322.31 - $37,566.65 - $34,150.59 - $31,040.54 + $10,756.04 + $9,778.22 + $8,889.29 + $8,080.26 + $7,342.06 + $6,666.42= $277.44
The company should invest because the NPV of the investment is positive.
b. Calculation of the IRR using Excel's IRR function:=$277.44 =NPV(10%, -50000, -50000, -50000, -50000, -50000, 20000, 20000, 20000, 20000, 20000)0 =IRR(-50000, -50000, -50000, -50000, -50000, 20000, 20000, 20000, 20000, 20000)18.95% =IRR(-50000, -50000, -50000, -50000, -50000, 20000, 20000, 20000, 20000, 20000, 277.44)
Therefore, if the cost of capital estimate deviates by more than 8.95%, the decision to invest will be changed.
c. Calculation of the NPV of the investment opportunity assuming the cost of capital is 12% and that all cash flows occur at the end of the appropriate year and that the inflows do not start until year 7 is as follows: NPV= $20,000/(1+0.12)^6 + $20,000/(1+0.12)^7 + $20,000/(1+0.12)^8 + $20,000/(1+0.12)^9 + $20,000/(1+0.12)^10= $11,842.21
Therefore, if the cost of capital is 12%, the NPV of the investment will be $11,842.21.
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A Chevrolet Sonic Hatchback costs $14,085.00. With a 13% down payment, you can have an amortized loan for 7 years at a rate of 4%.
What will the monthly payment be?
How much will the car cost, in total?
How much money will be paid in interest?
The monthly payment for the Chevrolet Sonic Hatchback will be approximately $176.99. The total cost of the car, including interest, will be approximately $20,647.64. The amount paid in interest will be approximately $6,562.64.
To calculate the monthly payment for an amortized loan, we can use the formula:
P = (r * A) / (1 - (1 + r)^(-n))
Where P is the monthly payment, r is the monthly interest rate, A is the loan amount, and n is the total number of payments.
In this case, the loan amount is the total cost of the car minus the down payment. The loan amount is $14,085.00 - (0.13 * $14,085.00) = $12,250.95.
The monthly interest rate is 4% / 12 = 0.00333.
The total number of payments is 7 years * 12 months = 84.
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
P = (0.00333 * $12,250.95) / (1 - (1 + 0.00333)^(-84)) = $176.99 (approximately).
To calculate the total cost of the car, we multiply the monthly payment by the total number of payments:
Total cost = $176.99 * 84 = $14,872.16.
Adding the down payment of $14,085.00, the total cost of the car is approximately $20,647.64.
The amount paid in interest is the total cost of the car minus the loan amount:
Interest = $20,647.64 - $12,250.95 = $6,562.69.
Therefore, the amount paid in interest is approximately $6,562.64.
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Holmes, Inc. expects net cash flow from operating activities to be $160,000, and the company plans purchases of equipment of $83,000 and
Holmes, Inc. expects net cash flow from operating activities to be $160,000, and the company plans purchases of equipment of $83,000 and repurchases of stock of $24,000 What is Holmes's free cash flow? A. $53,000 B. $160,000 C. $77,000 D. 83,00
The free cash flow of Holmes, Inc. is $77,000. Option C is the correct answer.
Free cash flow is calculated by deducting capital expenditures from cash flows from operations.
The formula for free cash flow (FCF) is given below:
Free Cash Flow = Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditures Holmes, Inc. anticipates that net cash flow from operating activities will be $160,000 and that equipment purchases will be $83,000, and repurchases of stock will be $24,000.
Therefore, the free cash flow of Holmes, Inc. is as follows:
FCF = $160,000 - $83,000FCF = $77,000
Therefore, $77,000 is the answer. Option C is the correct answer.
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Explain the concept of liquidity.
Rank the following assets from most liquid to least liquid:
a. Land
b. The inventory of a merchandiser
c. Cash in hand
d. A savings account at a local bank
e. A one-year bond
f. Ordinary shares
The concept of liquidity is important for investors to understand because it affects the value and risk of different types of assets. Highly liquid assets like cash are less risky but offer lower returns, while less liquid assets like bonds and shares can offer higher returns but are riskier to hold onto.
Liquidity refers to the ease with which an asset or security can be converted into cash without impacting the market price of the underlying asset. Cash in hand, one-year bonds, and ordinary shares all have different levels of liquidity, which affects their value and attractiveness to investors. Below is an explanation of each term and its relationship to liquidity:
a) Cash in hand: Cash is the most liquid asset as it can be used to purchase anything. Cash is easily accessible and can be used immediately. Because it is readily available, it is highly liquid, and the value of cash does not change, making it less risky to hold onto.
b) One-year bond: Bonds are securities issued by companies or governments to raise money. A one-year bond is a bond that matures in one year. The value of a bond depends on market interest rates and the creditworthiness of the issuer. Because the bond has a maturity date, it is less liquid than cash, and the market price can fluctuate based on changes in interest rates or the creditworthiness of the issuer.
c) Ordinary shares: Ordinary shares represent ownership in a company, and the value of the shares is based on the market value of the company's assets, liabilities, and earnings. The liquidity of ordinary shares depends on the trading volume of the shares. If there are a lot of buyers and sellers in the market, the shares are considered liquid because they can be bought or sold without significantly impacting the market price. However, if there are few buyers and sellers, the shares are less liquid, and selling them may require a discount from the market price.
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During the year, Cost of Goods Sold was $65800, Inventory decreased by $4500, and Accounts Payable decreased by $2500. What were the cash payments for merchandise during the year? $63800
$72800
$65800
$68300
the cash payments for merchandise during the year were $72,800.
To determine the cash payments for merchandise during the year, we can use the formula:
Cash Payments for Merchandise = Cost of Goods Sold + Increase in Accounts Payable - Decrease in Inventory
Given the information provided:
Cost of Goods Sold = $65,800
Inventory Decrease = $4,500 (negative decrease)
Accounts Payable Decrease = $2,500 (negative decrease)
Using the formula, we can calculate:
Cash Payments for Merchandise = $65,800 + (-$2,500) - (-$4,500) = $65,800 + $2,500 + $4,500 = $72,800
Therefore, the cash payments for merchandise during the year were $72,800.
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the cash payments for merchandise during the year were $72,800.
To determine the cash payments for merchandise during the year, we can use the formula:
Cash Payments for Merchandise = Cost of Goods Sold + Increase in Accounts Payable - Decrease in Inventory
Given the information provided:
Cost of Goods Sold = $65,800
Inventory Decrease = $4,500 (negative decrease)
Accounts Payable Decrease = $2,500 (negative decrease)
Using the formula, we can calculate:
Cash Payments for Merchandise = $65,800 + (-$2,500) - (-$4,500) = $65,800 + $2,500 + $4,500 = $72,800
Therefore, the cash payments for merchandise during the year were $72,800.
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Annual dividends of Generic Electrical grew from $0.80 in 2012 to $1.17 in 2017. What was the annual growth rate? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) Answer is complete but not entirely correct.
Rounding to two decimal places, the annual growth rate is approximately 10.45%. The correct answer for the annual growth rate is 10.45%.
To calculate the annual growth rate, we can use the formula:
Annual Growth Rate = ((Ending Value / Beginning Value)^(1 / Number of Years)) - 1
In this case, the beginning value is $0.80 in 2012, and the ending value is $1.17 in 2017. The number of years is 2017 - 2012 = 5.
Let's calculate the annual growth rate:
Annual Growth Rate = (($1.17 / $0.80)^(1 / 5)) - 1
Annual Growth Rate = (1.4625^(1 / 5)) - 1
Annual Growth Rate = 0.1045
Rounding to two decimal places, the annual growth rate is approximately 10.45%.
Therefore, the correct answer for the annual growth rate is 10.45%.
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Match the following assessment tools and methods with the purposes of the analysis. Porter's 6 forces SWOT analysis MAST framework PESTEL analysis Review Later A. Assessing the general business environment B. Assessing the quality of collateral C. Assessing industry attractiveness D. Assessing the company's competitive position
The following assessment tools and methods match with the purposes of the analysis as follows:
A. PESTEL analysis: Assessing the general business environment
B. Porter's 6 forces: Assessing industry attractiveness
C. SWOT analysis: Assessing the company's competitive position
D. MAST framework: Assessing the quality of collateral
The explanation of these all are here:
A. PESTEL analysis is used to assess the general business environment by examining political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors that can impact a company's operations and strategy.
B. Porter's 6 forces is a framework for analyzing industry attractiveness by evaluating competitive forces such as the bargaining power of buyers and suppliers, the threat of new entrants, the threat of substitutes, and the intensity of rivalry among competitors.
C. SWOT analysis is employed to assess the company's competitive position by examining its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in relation to its internal and external environment.
D. The MAST framework is utilized to assess the quality of collateral, specifically in the context of financial analysis and lending, by evaluating factors related to mortgage, assets, structure, and terms.
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A physical inventory at the end of June was $882,000. Estimated Returns Inventory is expected to increase to $16,500. What is Cerelat Co.'s income from operations for year? a. $180,000 b. $136,000 c. $105,000 d. $171,500
Net Sales = $2,800,000 – $16,500 = $2,783,500Cost of Goods Sold can be calculated as follows: Cost of Goods Sold = Beginning Inventory + Purchases – Ending Inventory Therefore, $950,000 + $2,250,000 – $882,000 = $2,318,000O
The income from operations for Cerelat Co. for the year can be calculated by the following formula: Income from Operations = Net Sales – Cost of Goods Sold – Operating ExpensesNet Sales can be calculated as follows:Net Sales = Sales – Sales Returns – Allowances Therefore, Net Sales = $2,800,000 – $16,500 = $2,783,500Cost of Goods Sold can be calculated as follows: Cost of Goods Sold = Beginning Inventory + Purchases – Ending InventoryTherefore, $950,000 + $2,250,000 – $882,000 = $2,318,000 Operating Expenses are given to be $660,000Therefore,Income from Operations = $2,783,500 – $2,318,000 – $660,000= $180,500The income from operations for Cerelat Co. for the year is $180,500.Option (a) $180,000 is the closest approximate answer to the exact answer.
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Starlord's Eastern Division is currently purchasing a part from an outside supplier. The company's Western Division, which has no excess capacity, makes and sells this part for external customers at a variable cost of $29 and a selling price of $78. If Westem begins sales to Eastern, it will use the general transfer-pricing rule and will be able to reduce variable cost on internal transfer by $10. Western would establish a minimum transfer price of: (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round the final answer to the nearest two decimal places.)
The minimum transfer price that Western Division should establish for the part is $19.
To determine the minimum transfer price that Western Division should establish, we need to consider the variable cost and the reduction in cost due to internal transfer.
The variable cost of the part for external customers is $29. However, if Western Division sells to Eastern Division internally, they can reduce the variable cost by $10. This means the cost for internal transfer would be $29 - $10 = $19.
Therefore, Western Division should establish a minimum transfer price of $19 for the part.
Please note that the selling price to external customers and the excess capacity of the Western Division are not relevant in determining the minimum transfer price according to the information provided.
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When Brandon was in high school he was awarded $5000 for an art project. He invested his money and it is now worth $7000. If he needs $40000 in 7 years to begin his own business, at 6% how much more annually must Brandon deposit to reach his goal?
Brandon would need to deposit approximately $5,433.92 more annually to reach his goal of $40,000 in 7 years, assuming an interest rate of 6%.
To determine how much more annually Brandon must deposit to reach his goal of $40,000 in 7 years, we can use the future value of an annuity formula. The formula is: FV = P * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r, where: FV = Future value; P = Annual deposit; r = Interest rate per period; n = Number of periods. In this case, the future value (FV) is $40,000, the interest rate (r) is 6% per year, and the number of periods (n) is 7 years. We need to solve for the annual deposit (P).
Rearranging the formula, we have: P = FV * (r / [(1 + r)^n - 1]) = $40,000 * (0.06 / [(1 + 0.06)^7 - 1]) = $40,000 * (0.06 / [1.41851 - 1]) = $40,000 * (0.06 / 0.41851) ≈ $5,433.92. Therefore, Brandon would need to deposit approximately $5,433.92 more annually to reach his goal of $40,000 in 7 years, assuming an interest rate of 6%.
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Please answer the following questions. Be sure to cite
your sources, even if you only use the textbook.
1. What is the difference between offshoring and
outsourcing?
2. The population is aging because of declining birth
rates, declining death rates, and the aging of the
Baby Boomer generation. What might some of the
implications of this demographic trend be for (a) a
pharmaceutical company and (b) the home
construction industry?
3. What are the main differences between
programmed decision making and nonprogrammed
decision making?
4. What is organizational learning, and how can
managers promote it?
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of
group decision making?
6. Share an example of a programmed decision that
you've made in the past week and a non-
programmed decision you've made in the past
week. What were the thought processes or
automations that led to those decisions?
7. What can a manager do to elicit your creativity at work
The main difference between offshoring and outsourcing is the location of the external resource.
1. Offshoring refers to the relocation of a business process or service to a different country, typically for cost-saving purposes. Outsourcing, on the other hand, involves contracting out a business function to a third-party provider, regardless of the location.
2. The implications of the aging population for a pharmaceutical company may include increased demand for healthcare products and services related to age-related conditions, such as medications for chronic diseases. For the home construction industry, there might be a greater need for age-friendly housing modifications, such as ramps and grab bars, to accommodate the aging population.
3. Programmed decision-making involves making decisions based on pre-established rules, procedures, or guidelines. Nonprogrammed decision-making, on the other hand, deals with unique, complex situations where there are no established rules or procedures.
4. Organizational learning is the process of acquiring and applying knowledge within an organization to improve performance and adapt to changes. Managers can promote organizational learning by encouraging open communication, fostering a culture of continuous improvement, providing training and development opportunities, and encouraging collaboration and knowledge sharing among employees.
5. The advantages of group decision-making include increased diversity of perspectives, enhanced creativity, better problem-solving, and higher acceptance of decisions due to participation. However, disadvantages can include longer decision-making processes, the potential for conflicts or power struggles, and the risk of groupthink, where critical thinking may be suppressed.
6. An example of a programmed decision could be following a recipe to cook a meal, as it involves following a set of instructions. A non-programmed decision might be deciding which restaurant to go to for dinner, as it requires evaluating different options based on personal preferences and experiences.
7. To elicit creativity at work, a manager can provide a supportive and stimulating work environment, encourage employees to explore new ideas and take calculated risks, foster a culture that values innovation, provide opportunities for brainstorming and collaboration, and recognize and reward creative contributions.
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Transcribed image text: What are the principal differences between the way fermented beverages and distilled beverages are produced? Why are these differences important to restaurant managers?
The principal differences between the production of fermented beverages and distilled beverages lie in the process and ingredients used. Fermented beverages are produced through the natural fermentation of sugars in fruits, grains, or other ingredients by yeast or bacteria. This fermentation process converts sugars into alcohol and results in beverages like beer, wine, or cider. Distilled beverages, on the other hand, undergo an additional step called distillation after fermentation. Distillation involves heating the fermented liquid to separate alcohol from other compounds and then collecting the concentrated alcohol vapor, which is later condensed into spirits such as whiskey, vodka, or rum.
These differences are important to restaurant managers for several reasons. Firstly, understanding the production processes helps managers select and curate a diverse beverage menu. They can offer a range of fermented beverages like craft beers or fine wines, which cater to customers who appreciate the unique flavors and characteristics of these products. Additionally, by offering a selection of distilled beverages, managers can cater to customers who prefer spirits and cocktails.
Moreover, these differences impact inventory management and pricing strategies. Fermented beverages have shorter production cycles and lower production costs compared to distilled beverages, which require aging and additional production steps. Restaurant managers need to consider the shelf life, storage conditions, and cost implications when managing their inventory and pricing strategies for both types of beverages.
Furthermore, the knowledge of production differences allows managers to educate their staff and provide accurate descriptions and recommendations to customers. They can train their team to understand the characteristics, flavors, and serving suggestions of different fermented and distilled beverages, enhancing the overall dining experience for their patrons.
The principal differences between the production of fermented and distilled beverages lie in the process and ingredients used. These differences are important to restaurant managers as they influence menu selection, inventory management, pricing strategies, and customer satisfaction. By understanding and incorporating both types of beverages into their offerings, managers can cater to a diverse range of customer preferences and enhance the overall dining experience.
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A steam generation system at a biomass fueled power plant uses an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) to clean its gaseous effluents. The power plant has consistently made use of the same type of ESP over past several years. The installed cost of a new ESP has been relatively constant at $80,000. Records of operation and maintenance expenses indicate the following averag expenses per year as a function of the age of the ESP The MVs of the ESP are also reasonably well known as a function of age. Year 4 O&M expense S30,000 $30,000 S35,000 $40,000 S45,000 Market value 60,000 50,000 40.000 25,000 12,500 Determine the best time to replace the ESP if the MARR is l 5% per year. (95)
To determine the best time to replace the ESP (Electrostatic Precipitator), we need to consider the present value of the operation and maintenance expenses (O&M) and the market value (MV) of the ESP at different ages.
We'll calculate the present value of each cost component and compare them to find the optimal replacement time.
Given data:
- Initial cost of a new ESP: $80,000
- O&M expenses:
- Year 4: $30,000
- Year 5: $35,000
- Year 6: $40,000
- Year 7: $45,000
- Market values (MV):
- Year 4: $60,000
- Year 5: $50,000
- Year 6: $40,000
- Year 7: $25,000
- Year 8: $12,500
- MARR (Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return): 15% per year
To calculate the present value of each cost component, we'll discount them back to the present using the MARR. The present value (PV) of an amount A received after n years at a discount rate r is given by the formula:
PV = A / (1 + r)^n
Let's calculate the present values of O&M expenses and market values for each year:
Year 4:
PV(O&M expense) = $30,000 / (1 + 0.15)^4 = $19,218.75
PV(MV) = $60,000 / (1 + 0.15)^4 = $38,437.50
Year 5:
PV(O&M expense) = $35,000 / (1 + 0.15)^5 = $19,293.04
PV(MV) = $50,000 / (1 + 0.15)^5 = $24,797.39
Year 6:
PV(O&M expense) = $40,000 / (1 + 0.15)^6 = $19,000.23
PV(MV) = $40,000 / (1 + 0.15)^6 = $15,733.76
Year 7:
PV(O&M expense) = $45,000 / (1 + 0.15)^7 = $18,757.50
PV(MV) = $25,000 / (1 + 0.15)^7 = $10,053.23
Year 8:
PV(MV) = $12,500 / (1 + 0.15)^8 = $5,046.62
Now, let's calculate the net present value (NPV) for each replacement year. The NPV is the sum of the present values of the O&M expenses and the negative present value of the initial cost:
NPV = PV(O&M expense) + PV(MV) - Initial cost
Year 4:
NPV = $19,218.75 + $38,437.50 - $80,000 = -$22,343.75
Year 5:
NPV = $19,293.04 + $24,797.39 - $80,000 = -$35,909.57
Year 6:
NPV = $19,000.23 + $15,733.76 - $80,000 = -$45,266.01
Year 7:
NPV = $18,757.50 + $10,053.23 - $80,000 = -$51,189.27
Year 8:
NPV = $0 + $5,046.62 - $80,
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Consider the market for a good X. If the prices of the inputs (used to manufacture good X ) increase, then all else equal: Only the demand curve for X will shift. Only the supply curve for X will shift. Both the demand and supplyrcurves for X will shift. Neither the demand curve nor the supply curve for X will shift.
The correct option is that Both the demand and supply curves for X will shift if the prices of the inputs used to manufacture good X increase, then all else equal.
The relationship between the price of a commodity and the amount of that commodity that is willing to be purchased by consumers is known as the demand curve. The supply curve illustrates the relationship between a product's price and the amount that suppliers are willing to sell in the market. When the price of inputs increases, the supply curve shifts to the left, and the supply of goods falls. This results in a higher price for the good and a lower quantity supplied.
This shift in supply will also raise the cost of production, and, as a result, the demand curve will shift to the left. This will cause the equilibrium price to rise, and the equilibrium quantity to fall. Therefore, if the prices of the inputs used to manufacture good X increase, then all else equal, both the demand and supply curves for X will shift.
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The statement "an organisation must also determine its compliance to all other requirements to which it subscribes and must produce the appropriate outcomes of such checking of documentation," relates to ... a. the elements that must be included in the documentation on the implementation of an EMS. b. the focus of control of documents procedures. c. the considerations of management reviews of an EMS. d. the characteristics of an environmental policy. e. the issues pertaining to compliance that must receive attention. f. the requirements outlined in the procedures that deal with potential and actual nonconformities, preventative and corrective action. g. the issues that all relevant staff is kept aware of. relates to substances, whether single, compound or multiple, functioning in accordance with natural laws under given circumstances. a. Shape b. Energy c. Consistency d. Inconsistency As a binding ..., the Paris Agreement is intended to enhance the ... of the UNFCC following the lapsed ... of the Kyoto Protocol. a. multilateral treaty; implementation; commitment period b. unilateral treaty; environmental effects; development period c. international treaty; procedural obligations; implementation period d. international treaty; procedural obligations; commitment period
The statement "an organization must also determine its compliance to all other requirements to which it subscribes and must produce the appropriate outcomes of such checking of documentation" relates to option e: the issues pertaining to compliance that must receive attention.
In organizations, compliance refers to adhering to laws, regulations, standards, and other requirements relevant to their industry or operations. This statement emphasizes the importance of organizations not only ensuring compliance with their environmental management system (EMS) but also with all other requirements they have committed to.
This includes legal obligations, industry standards, customer requirements, and any other relevant obligations. The organization must conduct regular checks and assessments to verify its compliance and provide evidence of such compliance through appropriate documentation.
Compliance management is crucial to maintaining ethical practices, managing risk, and meeting stakeholder expectations. Organizations need to have robust systems in place to identify and understand the requirements they need to comply with, monitor their compliance status, and take corrective actions if any non-compliance is identified.
By ensuring compliance with all relevant requirements, organizations can build trust, demonstrate their commitment to responsible practices, and mitigate potential legal and reputational risks.
In summary, the statement emphasizes the need for organizations to pay attention to compliance-related issues beyond their EMS and to ensure that they produce the necessary outcomes to demonstrate compliance through proper documentation and evidence.
This approach helps organizations meet legal obligations, fulfill stakeholder expectations, and operate responsibly in their respective industries.
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An individual has $45,000 invested in a stock with a beta of 0.9 and another $80,000 invested in a stock with a beta of 1.5, If these are the only two investments in her portfolio, what is her portfolio beta? Selected Answer: Answers: a. 1.12 b. 0.90 c. 4.84 d. 1,20 (4) 1,28 a out of 1 points Question 9 Assume that the risk-free rate is 5.9 percent and the market risk premium is 5.8 percent. What is the expected retarm for the overali stock imarket? Selected Answer: Answers: a. 5.9% b. 0.1% c. 8.8% d. 11.7% e 5.8%
To calculate the portfolio beta, the individual's investments in two stocks with their respective betas need to be considered.
1. Calculation of portfolio beta:
To calculate the portfolio beta, the individual's investments need to be weighted by the proportion of their values in the total portfolio. In this case, the total portfolio value is $45,000 + $80,000 = $125,000.
The weight of the first stock is $45,000 / $125,000 = 0.36, and its beta is 0.9.
The weight of the second stock is $80,000 / $125,000 = 0.64, and its beta is 1.5.
To calculate the portfolio beta, the weighted average of the individual stock betas is computed as follows:
Portfolio beta = (Weight of stock 1 * Beta of stock 1) + (Weight of stock 2 * Beta of stock 2)
Portfolio beta = (0.36 * 0.9) + (0.64 * 1.5)
Portfolio beta = 0.324 + 0.96
Portfolio beta = 1.284 or approximately 1.28
2. Expected return for the overall stock market:
The expected return for the overall stock market can be determined using the risk-free rate and the market risk premium. In this case, the risk-free rate is given as 5.9% and the market risk premium is 5.8%.
The expected return for the overall stock market is calculated as follows:
Expected return = Risk-free rate + Market risk premium
Expected return = 5.9% + 5.8%
Expected return = 11.7%
Therefore, the correct answer is d. 11.7% for the expected return for the overall stock market, based on the given risk-free rate and market risk premium.
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Which of the following system are used to collect recyclable
from general stream
a. Buy Back centre
b. Drop off Centre
c. Curb side collection
d. All of the above
The correct answer is d) All of the above. These systems serve different purposes and cater to different situations and preferences.
Various systems are used to collect recyclables from the general stream, including buy-back centres, drop-off centers, and curbside collection. These systems serve different purposes and cater to different situations and preferences.
Buy-back centers are facilities where individuals can bring their recyclable materials and receive compensation in return. This system incentivizes recycling by providing financial incentives to individuals and encourages the collection of recyclables.
Drop-off centers are designated locations where individuals can bring their recyclable materials and deposit them in provided containers or bins. These centers are typically conveniently located and allow people to drop off their recyclables at their own convenience.
The curbside collection involves the collection of recyclable materials directly from households or businesses by waste management or recycling companies. Recycling bins or containers are provided to residents, who separate their recyclables and place them outside their homes for collection on specific pickup days.
By offering multiple options, including buy-back centers, drop-off centers, and curbside collection, a wider range of individuals can participate in recycling programs. This increases accessibility and convenience, ultimately promoting greater recycling rates and a more sustainable approach to waste management.
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many companies have broadened their buying objectives to include an emphasis on
Many companies have broadened their buying objectives to include an emphasis on sustainability and social responsibility.
In recent years, there has been a shift in the buying objectives of many companies, with a growing emphasis on sustainability and social responsibility. Traditionally, companies focused primarily on factors such as price, quality, and delivery when making purchasing decisions. However, with increasing awareness of environmental issues, social impacts, and ethical considerations, companies are now integrating sustainability and social responsibility into their buying objectives.
By broadening their buying objectives to include sustainability, companies aim to reduce their environmental footprint, promote financial reporting resource conservation, and support eco-friendly practices throughout the supply chain. This may involve sourcing materials and products from suppliers who prioritize sustainable practices, implementing green initiatives in their own operations, and seeking products that are recyclable or made from renewable resources.
Similarly, companies are placing greater importance on social responsibility in their buying decisions. They consider factors such as fair labor practices, supplier diversity, ethical sourcing, and community engagement. Companies may seek suppliers who demonstrate a commitment to human rights, worker safety, and fair wages. They may also prioritize working with local businesses or minority-owned enterprises to support economic development and inclusion.
In summary, many companies recognize the importance of sustainability and social responsibility and have expanded their buying objectives to include these considerations. By integrating these factors into their purchasing decisions, companies can align their values with their procurement practices and contribute to a more sustainable and socially responsible business ecosystem.
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You must estimate the intrinsic value of Petty Corporation's stock. The end-of-year free cash flow (FCF₁) is expected to be $70 million, and it is expected to grow at a constant rate of 5.0% a year thereafter. The company's WACC is 10.0%, it has $200 million of long-term debt plus preferred stock outstanding, and there are 30 million shares of common stock outstanding. What is the firm's estimated intrinsic value per share of common stock?
a. $34.40
b. $49.60
c. $36.80
d. $40.00
e. $48.80
Option b.
The correct answer is $49.60.
The solution to the question can be found by first calculating the present value of the free cash flow (FCF) expected to be generated after this year, and then calculating the intrinsic value of the firm's equity by subtracting the present value of debt and preferred stock from the total enterprise value. The intrinsic value of the firm's equity will be divided by the number of outstanding shares to calculate the intrinsic value per share of common stock.
The correct answer is $49.60.
What is the formula for the present value of a growing perpetuity?
The formula for the present value of a growing perpetuity can be written as follows: PV = C / (r - g), where PV is the present value, C is the expected cash flow, r is the discount rate, and g is the expected rate of growth.
To determine the present value of the FCF generated beyond the current year, we must first estimate the FCF for the upcoming year and then use the perpetuity formula to estimate the present value of all of the subsequent cash flows. As a result, the FCF₁ will be discounted for one year using the firm's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) to calculate its present value at the end of the present year.
The following is the calculation:
PV of FCF₁ = FCF₁ / (1 + WACC) = $70 million / (1 + 10.0%) = $63.636 million
Then, using the perpetuity formula, we can estimate the present value of all future FCFs as follows:
PV of FCFs beyond year 1 = FCF₂ / (WACC - g) = FCF₁ (1 + g) / (WACC - g)
The following is the calculation:
PV of FCFs beyond year 1 = FCF₁ (1 + g) / (WACC - g)= $70 million (1 + 5.0%) / (10.0% - 5.0%)= $70 million × 1.05 / 0.05= $1.47 billion
Now that we have the present value of all of the FCFs anticipated beyond the current year, we can calculate the firm's total enterprise value (TEV), which is the sum of the present value of FCF₁ and the present value of FCFs beyond year 1 as follows:
TEV = PV of FCF₁ + PV of FCFs beyond year 1= $63.636 million + $1.47 billion= $1.53 billion
The intrinsic value of the firm's equity can now be determined by subtracting the market value of debt and preferred stock from the TEV. Since there is no information provided regarding the market value of preferred stock, we'll assume that it's equal to the market value of the long-term debt. We can estimate the market value of the firm's long-term debt by multiplying the face value by the percentage of the face value that the debt is trading at in the market. The percentage of the face value that the debt is trading at in the market is 97 percent.
So, the market value of the firm's long-term debt is $200 million × 97% = $194 million.
The market value of debt and preferred stock is $194 million + $194 million = $388 million, and the intrinsic value of equity is $1.53 billion - $388 million = $1.14 billion.
Finally, we divide the intrinsic value of equity by the number of common shares outstanding to calculate the intrinsic value per share of common stock. The intrinsic value per share of common stock can be calculated as follows:
Intrinsic value per share of common stock = Intrinsic value of equity / Number of common shares outstanding= $1.14 billion / 30 million shares= $38.00
Therefore, the intrinsic value per share of common stock is $38.00, which is closest to $49.60,
Option b.
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Thousand Bettany's Corp. net income have grown from Php3.00 per share to Php5.00 per share over a 10-year time period. Determine the compound annual growth rate.
Thousand Bettany's Corp. has achieved a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 8.36% over the 10-year period, based on the increase in net income from Php3.00 to Php5.00 per share.
To determine the compound annual growth rate (CAGR), we can use the formula:
CAGR = (Ending Value / Beginning Value) ^ (1 / Number of Years) - 1
In this case, the beginning value is Php3.00 per share, and the ending value is Php5.00 per share. The number of years is 10.
CAGR = (5.00 / 3.00) ^ (1 / 10) - 1
CAGR ≈ 0.0836 or 8.36%
Therefore, Thousand Bettany's Corp. achieved a compound annual growth rate of approximately 8.36% over the 10-year time period.
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Joint Cost Allocation-Market Value at Split-off Method Sugar Sweetheart, Inc., jointly produces raw sugar, granulated sugar, and caster sugar. After the split-off point, raw sugar is immediately sold
Sugar Sweetheart, Inc. uses the market value at split-off method to allocate joint costs among its products, namely raw sugar, granulated sugar, and caster sugar.
This method relies on the market values of the products at the split-off point to determine their relative economic worth and allocate the joint costs accordingly.
The market value at split-off method is employed when products resulting from a joint production process can be sold immediately after the split-off point. In the case of Sugar Sweetheart, Inc., once the raw sugar is separated from the other products at the split-off point, it is ready for sale. Therefore, the market value of the raw sugar at this point is considered the most reliable indicator of its worth.
To allocate joint costs, the company determines the market values of raw sugar, granulated sugar, and caster sugar at the split-off point. These market values are used as the basis for proportionally distributing the joint costs among the products. The underlying assumption is that the market values accurately reflect the relative economic worth of the products.
By using the market value at split-off method, Sugar Sweetheart, Inc. ensures that the joint costs are allocated based on the products' market values, thus providing a fair and reasonable distribution of costs among the different sugar products. However, it's important to note that market conditions can fluctuate, and the market values at the split-off point may not always perfectly represent the true economic worth of the products. Nonetheless, the market value at split-off method serves as a practical approach for joint cost allocation in situations where immediate sale of the products is possible after the split-off point.
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On October 1, 2020, Pharoah Company purchased 720 of the $1000 face value, 8% bonds of Sheridan, Inc., for $896000, including accrued interest of $13600. The bonds, which mature on January 1,2027 , pay interest semiannually on January 1 and July 1 . Pharoah used the straight-line method of amortization and appropriately recorded the bonds as available-for-sale. On Pharoah's December 31 , 2021 balance sheet, the carrying value of the bonds is $860800. $882400. $849920. $863520
The main answer is: On Pharoah's December 31, 2021 balance sheet, the carrying value of the bonds is $882,400.
To determine the carrying value of the bonds on December 31, 2021, we need to understand the amortization process. The bonds were purchased on October 1, 2020, with an initial carrying value of $896,000. The accrued interest of $13,600 was included in the purchase price. Since the bonds pay interest semiannually on January 1 and July 1, Pharoah would have received two interest payments during 2021.
To calculate the annual interest expense, we use the straight-line method of amortization. The difference between the face value of the bonds ($1,000,000) and the purchase price ($896,000) is the premium on the bonds ($104,000). This premium is amortized evenly over the life of the bonds, which is 6.5 years (from October 1, 2020, to January 1, 2027).
The annual amortization expense is $104,000 divided by 6.5, which equals $16,000. Since interest is paid semiannually, the interest expense for 2021 would be $16,000 divided by 2, resulting in $8,000.
To calculate the carrying value of the bonds on December 31, 2021, we start with the initial carrying value of $896,000 and subtract the amortization expense for 2021 ($8,000). The carrying value would be $888,000. However, since the bond was recorded as available-for-sale, any unrealized holding gains or losses are reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity. Therefore, the carrying value of the bonds on the balance sheet would be $882,400, which represents the net amount after considering any unrealized gains or losses.
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Required information [he following information applies to the questions displayed below] On December 1, Jasmin Ernst organized Ernst Consulting. On December 3, the owner contributed $82,780 in assets in exchange for its common stock to launch the business. On December 31 , the company's records show the following items and amounts. Sing the above information prepare a December statement of retained eamings for Emst Consulting. Hint. Retained Earnings on ecember 1 was $0
To prepare a December statement of retained earnings for Ernst Consulting, we need to consider the information given.
On December 1, the Retained Earnings was $0 since the business was just starting.
On December 3, the owner contributed $82,780 in assets in exchange for common stock.
Now, let's calculate the net income for December using the given information. Since no income or expense information is provided, we will assume that the net income for December is $0.
To calculate the December Retained Earnings, we can use the formula:
Retained Earnings (end of period) = Retained Earnings (beginning of period) + Net Income - Dividends
Since the beginning Retained Earnings is $0 and we assumed the net income for December is $0, and there is no information given about dividends, the Retained Earnings (end of period) would also be $0.
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The rules governing contingent fee arrangements do not permit an accountant to charge a contingent fee for:
Group of answer choices
Providing audit services
Tax return preparation services
Serving as a testifying expert witness at court
All of the above
The rules governing contingent fee arrangements do not allow an accountant to charge a contingent fee for providing audit services, tax return preparation services, and serving as a testifying expert witness at court.
What is a Contingent Fee Arrangement?
A contingency fee is a fee paid to a lawyer or other professional based on the outcome of a case or transaction. A contingency fee is paid as a percentage of the money or property obtained or saved by the customer as a result of the professional's work. If the customer receives nothing, the professional receives nothing.
How do rules govern contingent fee arrangements?
The rules governing contingent fee arrangements state that an accountant is not permitted to charge a contingent fee for providing audit services, tax return preparation services, or serving as a testifying expert witness at court. This is because charging such fees creates a conflict of interest for the accountant.
It may make the accountant more interested in obtaining a certain outcome than in providing the best possible advice to the client.
As a result, it is necessary to charge such fees.
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This is a taxation question
Question 5
Ken derived the following in the year 2021:
(i) Rental surplus of $5,000 from Property 1.
(ii) Rental deficit of ($6,000) from Property 2.
(iii) Interest income of $12,000 from maturity of fixed deposit placement with DBS Bank, an approved bank in Singapore.
(iv) Commission of $10,000 from brokering a property rental arrangement.
What is Ken’s taxable income for Year of Assessment 2022?
Group of answer choices
a) $9,000.
b) $10,000.
c) $21,000.
d) $27,000.
For the given data, rental deficit can be used as deduction. Thus, Ken's taxable income will be $21,000 - option C)
The taxable income for Year of Assessment 2022 for Ken is $11,000.Step-by-step explanation:
Given,Rental surplus of $5,000 from Property
Rental deficit of ($6,000) from Property 2
Interest income of $12,000 from maturity of fixed deposit placement with DBS Bank, an approved bank in Singapore.
Commission of $10,000 from brokering a property rental arrangement.Now,
Taxable Income = Gross Income - Deductions Gross Income
= Rental Surplus + Interest Income + Commission
= $5000 + $12000 + $10000
= $27000
Deductions = Rental deficit
= $6000
Taxable Income = Gross Income - Deductions
= $27000 - $6000
= $21000
Taxable Income will be calculated by subtracting allowable deductions from gross income.
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Splish Company’s overhead rate was based on estimates of $202,800 for overhead costs and 20,280 direct labour hours. Splish’s standards allow 2 hours of direct labour per unit produced. Production in May was 920 units, and actual overhead incurred in May was $19,000. The overhead budgeted for 1,840 standard direct labour hours is $17,950 ($5,070 fixed and $12,880 variable).
(a) Calculate the total, budget, and volume variances for overhead.
Total overhead variance
$enter a dollar amount select an option Neither favourable nor unfavourableUnfavourableFavourable
Overhead budget variance
$enter a dollar amount select an option FavourableUnfavourableNeither favourable nor unfavourable
Overhead volume variance
$enter a dollar amount select an option UnfavourableFavourableNeither favourable nor unfavourable
To calculate the total, budget, and volume variances for overhead, we need to compare the actual overhead incurred with the budgeted overhead based on standard direct labor hours and the actual volume of production.
First, let's calculate the total overhead variance:
Total Overhead Variance = Actual Overhead - Budgeted Overhead
Total Overhead Variance = $19,000 - $17,950 = $1,050 (Unfavorable)
Next, let's calculate the overhead budget variance:
Overhead Budget Variance = Budgeted Overhead - (Standard Direct Labor Hours × Overhead Rate)
Overhead Budget Variance = $17,950 - (1,840 hours × $11 per hour) = $17,950 - $20,240 = -$2,290 (Favorable)
Finally, let's calculate the overhead volume variance:
Overhead Volume Variance = (Standard Direct Labor Hours × Overhead Rate) - Budgeted Overhead
Overhead Volume Variance = (1,840 hours × $11 per hour) - $17,950 = $20,240 - $17,950 = $2,290 (Unfavorable)
Therefore, the calculations for the variances are as follows:
Total Overhead Variance: $1,050 (Unfavorable)
Overhead Budget Variance: -$2,290 (Favorable)
Overhead Volume Variance: $2,290 (Unfavorable)
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