elect The Appropriate Pipette To Use For Each Of The Following Volumes.- 874 mL, 57 ML, 340 mL, 15 mL a. P1000 -B. P200 C.P20 - -

The mass of a substance per mole of that substance is defined as its molar mass. The molar mass of a substance is the mass in grams of one mole of that substance and is usually expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).

The molar mass of a substance is used to convert between the number of moles of a substance and its mass, which can be useful in various chemical calculations and reactions. For example, if you know the molar mass of a substance, you can calculate the number of moles present in a given mass of that substance by dividing the mass by the molar mass.

In addition to its use in chemical calculations, the molar mass of a substance is also used in determining the density of a substance, as well as in various other physical and chemical properties. The molar mass can also be used to compare different substances, as substances with a larger molar mass typically have different physical and chemical properties than substances with a smaller molar mass.

Learn more about density here:

https://brainly.com/question/29775886

#SPJ4

The effects of a catalyst on a chemical reaction are to react with the product, effectively removing it and shifting the equilibrium to the right. The given statement is False.

Catalysts are substances that can increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. They work by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction to occur, with lower activation energy. This allows more reactant molecules to overcome the energy barrier and form products in a shorter amount of time. Catalysts do not change the thermodynamics of the reaction, which means that they do not affect the equilibrium position of the reaction. Therefore, they cannot shift their reaction to the right or the left, and they do not consume any of the products. Catalysts can be used in a wide range of chemical reactions, from industrial processes such as the Haber-Bosch process for ammonia synthesis to biological reactions such as enzyme-catalyzed reactions in the human body. By providing a more efficient and selective way to carry out chemical transformations, catalysts play a critical role in modern chemistry and are essential to many industrial processes.

To know more about the effects of catalysts, visit:https://brainly.com/question/29138717

#SPJ4

The empirical formula for the compound with 9.35 g sample of a compound contains 5.97 g of iron, fe, 1.10 g of phosphorus, p, and oxygen, o is  Fe₃PO₄ .

The empirical formula of a emulsion gives the simplest rate of the number of different tittles present, whereas the molecular formula gives the factual number of each different snippet present in a patch. If the formula is simplified also it's an empirical formula. The molecular formula is generally used and is a multiple of the empirical formula.

Converting grams to mole:

5.97 g Fe x 1 mol Fe / 55.8 g

= 0.106 moles Fe

1.10 g P x 1 mol P / 30.97 g

= 0.0355 moles P

O = 9.35 g - 5.97 g - 1.10 g

= 2.28 g O x 1 mol O / 16 g

= 0.142 moles.

Divide all by 0.0507 to try to get whole numbers:

0.106 / 0.0355 = 3 moles Fe

0.035 / 0.0355 = 1 moles P

0.142 / 0.0355 = 4 moles O

Empirical formula = Fe₃PO₄

Learn more about Empirical formula:

https://brainly.com/question/14318768

#SPJ4

The likelihood of side reactions and the formation of byproducts during the nitration of methyl benzoate increases at higher temperatures due to the increased reactivity and concentration of the reactive species, and the decreased stability of the nitronium ion.

In the nitration of methyl benzoate reaction, the reaction is typically carried out by adding a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid to methyl benzoate. This reaction is exothermic and the heat generated from the reaction can cause the reaction mixture to heat up.

At higher temperatures, there is an increased likelihood of side reactions occurring. One common side reaction that can occur during the nitration of methyl benzoate is the formation of byproducts such as dinitromethyl benzoate and trinitromethyl benzoate. These byproducts are formed when excess nitric acid reacts with methyl benzoate, rather than just a single nitro group being added to the benzene ring.

The formation of these byproducts is favored at higher temperatures because the reaction rate of the nitration reaction increases with temperature, and the concentration of the reactive species is higher at higher temperatures. This means that there is a greater likelihood of excess nitric acid being present and reacting with the methyl benzoate at higher temperatures, which can result in the formation of the unwanted byproducts.

Furthermore, the stability of the nitronium ion, which is the key reactive species in the nitration of methyl benzoate, decreases at higher temperatures. This can lead to the formation of other unwanted side products, such as benzene, due to the decomposition of the nitronium ion.

Learn more about nitronium here:

https://brainly.com/question/14803468

#SPJ4

It is true that in order to maintain beer quality it is important to maintain consistent calcium and pH levels.

Calcium is one of the most important element for yeast health and contributes to the beer's flavor and texture.

Generally pH affects yeast activity and can impact the stability and flavor of the beer. If the levels of calcium and pH fluctuate too much, it may lead to issues with fermentation and negatively affect the quality of the beer.

Maintaining consistent levels of calcium and pH in beer usually can impact the clarity and stability of the final product.

Hence, consistent levels of calcium and pH are crucial in maintaining the quality of beer.

Learn more about fermentation from the link given below.

https://brainly.com/question/30646273

#SPJ4

A scientific lens in AP Seminar is a perspective or viewpoint that focuses on using the scientific method and empirical evidence to analyze and understand a given topic or issue.

A scientific lens emphasizes the importance of objective observation, experimentation, and data analysis in forming conclusions and making decisions.In AP Seminar, students are encouraged to use a variety of lenses or perspectives to examine and analyze complex issues. The scientific lens is one of these perspectives, and it is often used to examine topics related to science, technology, and medicine. However, the scientific lens can also be applied to other fields and disciplines, such as economics, psychology, and sociology.

By using the scientific lens, students can gain a deeper understanding of the underlying causes and effects of a given issue, and can develop more informed and evidence-based opinions and solutions. This lens is particularly useful for examining complex and multifaceted issues, as it allows students to break down the issue into smaller, more manageable components, and to analyze each component using the scientific method.

Learn more about scientific method at:

https://brainly.com/question/28946726

#SPJ11

X is an electropositive metal as it loses electrons and Y is a non-metal as it gains electrons.

Compounds formed between metal and nonmetal are ionic compounds.

What is a compound?

To know more about compound, click the link given below:

https://brainly.com/question/13516179

#SPJ1

As 1. 6g of the compound was found to contain 0. 64g of oxygen. The empirical formula is CO11.

To calculate the empirical formula of a compound, we need to determine the relative amounts of each element present in the compound.

Here, we are given the mass of oxygen in the compound as 0.64 g. We can use this information to find the mass of the other element(s) in the compound as follows:

Mass of other element (s) = Total mass of compound - Mass of oxygen

Mass of other element(s) = 6 g - 0.64 g = 5.36 g

Now, we need to convert the mass of each element to the number of moles of that element using its molar mass. The molar mass of oxygen is 16 g/mol. To find the molar mass of the other element, we need to know its identity.

Let's assume for the purpose of this calculation that the other element is carbon. The molar mass of carbon is 12 g/mol. Using this information, we can calculate the number of moles of each element as follows:

Moles of oxygen = Mass of oxygen / Molar mass of oxygen = 0.64 g / 16 g/mol = 0.04 mol

Moles of carbon = Mass of carbon / Molar mass of carbon = 5.36 g / 12 g/mol = 0.45 mol

Now, we need to find the simplest whole-number ratio between the number of moles of each element. To do this, we divide both moles by the smallest number of moles (in this case, 0.04):

Moles of oxygen / 0.04 = 1

Moles of carbon / 0.04 = 11.25

Rounding these numbers to the nearest whole number gives us a ratio of 1:11, which means the empirical formula is CO11.

To know more about empirical formulas, visit:https://brainly.com/question/1363167

#SPJ4

from strongest to weakest Columbia attraction these elements are Neon, Lithium, Potassium, Radon, Helium, Nitrogen, Aluminum, Praseodymium.

Columbia attraction is a type of intermolecular force that takes place between two molecules. This force is typically weak and is the result of electrostatic attraction between molecules. It is often referred to as London Dispersion Force (LDF) or van der Waals force. Specifically, Columbia attraction occurs when electrons in one molecule are not evenly distributed and become attracted to the nucleus of another molecule. This causes the two molecules to become attracted to one another, creating a weak force of attraction. This force is important for a variety of reasons, such as allowing for molecules to form liquids, solids, and even gases. It also plays a role in allowing for chemical reactions to take place as well as allowing for molecules to interact with one another. Columbia attraction is an essential force in the world of chemistry and plays a major role in helping us understand how molecules interact with one another.

To learn more about Columbia attraction

https://brainly.com/question/12246130

#SPJ1

A substance that has both polar and non-polar portions of the molecule is called amphiphilic or amphipathic.

Examples of amphiphilic molecules include phospholipids, which are a major component of cell membranes, and detergents, which are used for cleaning due to their ability to dissolve both polar and non-polar substances.

Amphiphilic molecules are molecules that have both polar and non-polar regions. They are able to interact with both polar and non-polar molecules, making them useful in a variety of biological and chemical processes.
Amphiphilic molecules are often used in the formation of micelles, which are aggregates of amphiphilic molecules that form in solution. In a micelle, the hydrophobic tails of the amphiphilic molecules are shielded from the surrounding solvent by the hydrophilic heads, forming a spherical structure.
Amphiphilic molecules are also important in biological membranes, which are composed of a bilayer of phospholipid molecules. The hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids face inward, while the hydrophilic heads face outward, forming a barrier between the cell and its environment.
The ability of amphiphilic molecules to interact with both polar and non-polar molecules also makes them useful in cleaning products. Detergents, for example, are amphiphilic molecules that can dissolve both polar and non-polar substances, making them effective at removing dirt and oil from surfaces.

Learn more about amphipathic here:

https://brainly.com/question/30431914

#SPJ4

Answer:

1. Shower instead of bathing.

2. When you leave the room, turn off everything.

3. Grow a Tree

4. Bicycle or walk to school.

Explanation:

As global temperatures rise, wildfires, droughts, and increased electrical consumption place strain on the country's energy system. Severe weather is the main cause of power outages and fuel supply disruptions in the United States. And, because energy generation is one of the greatest producers of CO2 to the climate, people and students alike must have the information and abilities to comprehend the issues, create and execute solutions, and advocate for change.

Penguin's average velocity is  c)0.5m/sec if it is initial at 4m and switches to 8m position in 8 sec.So,correct option is c.

The word average essentially implies, the proportion of the amount of amounts to the absolute number of amounts. In Material science, an alternate methodology is taken. Presently prior to understanding normal speed, let us comprehend what speed precisely and speed is and the way in which these two are associated.

The speed of an item alludes to the adjustment of position of that article concerning time. Speed then again isn't anything, however the speed characterized concerning the course in which an item voyages.We will jump into insight regarding the contrast among speed and speed, until further notice, how about we return to the typical speed.

Presently average velocity as indicated by the definition is the proportion of the distance from point a to guide b of an article toward the time it takes to make that removal from point a to point b. It could be noticed that we utilize the term development rather than distance to stress the course.

Arithmetically and average velocity is characterized as, v = d /t,where d is the distance or displacement and t is the time taken for that removal.

Initially,penguin is at 4m position and in 8 sec it reaches to 8m position.So,distance covered by penguin in 8 sec=8m-4m=4m

So,average velocity=4m/8sec=0.5m/sec.

Hence,option c is correct.

To know more about average velocity,visit here:

https://brainly.com/question/18153640

#SPJ4

(Complete question) is:

Examine the information.A Magellanic penguin is at an initial position of 4 m and waddles to a position of 8 m in 8 s.

What is the penguin’s average velocity?

a)-4 m/s

b)4 m/s

c)0. 5 m/s

d)2 m/s

Standard deviation is a quantity which describes how spread out a set of data is.

A standard deviation (or σ) is a measure of how dispersed the data is in relation to the mean. Low standard deviation means data are clustered around the mean, and high standard deviation indicates data are more spread out.

A standard deviation close to zero indicates that data points are close to the mean, whereas a high or low standard deviation indicates data points are respectively above or below the mean. Standard deviation is a statistic that measures the dispersion of a dataset relative to its mean and is calculated as the square root of the variance.

Learn more about standard deviation,here:

https://brainly.com/question/16555520

#SPJ1

Gram staining property of a bacterium is dependent on the structure of its cell wall, which either retains or loses the crystal violet dye during the staining process.

Gram staining is a laboratory technique used to differentiate bacterial species into two groups based on the structure of their cell walls: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. During the staining process, the bacterial cells are initially stained with crystal violet, then treated with iodine, and washed with alcohol. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, which allows them to retain the crystal violet stain and appear purple under a microscope. In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane that contains lipopolysaccharides, which causes them to lose the crystal violet stain and appear red or pink under a microscope. The Gram staining property of a bacterium is important for identifying and classifying bacterial species, as well as for selecting appropriate antibiotic treatments.
Peptidoglycan is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like structure in the cell wall of bacteria, providing rigidity and protection against osmotic pressure. Lipopolysaccharides are complex molecules that are part of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, contributing to their structural integrity and resistance to antibiotics.

Learn more about peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharides here:

https://brainly.com/question/13021055

#SPJ4

When you add hydrochloric acid (HCl) to a solution of histidine (pH 12), the following chemical reaction takes place:

Histidine + H+ + Cl- --> Histidine-H+Cl-

The functional groups involved in this reaction are the carboxyl group (-COOH) and the amino group (-NH2) of histidine, which can react with H+ and Cl-, respectively, to form the histidine-H+Cl- salt.

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances into another. During a chemical reaction, chemical bonds between atoms are broken and new bonds are formed, resulting in a rearrangement of atoms and the creation of new molecules or compounds.

Chemical reactions can be represented by chemical equations, which typically show the reactants on the left side of the equation and the products on the right side. The chemical equation also includes the stoichiometry of the reaction, which indicates the number of molecules or moles of each reactant and product involved.

Learn more about chemical reaction here:

https://brainly.com/question/29762834

#SPJ4

Based on the information above, the following statement is true - Both mechanism 1 and 2 are consistent with the rate law.

The series of fundamental processes via which a chemical reaction takes place is known as a reaction mechanism. A multistep or complex reaction is one that involves two or more simple processes. A chemical species that is produced in one fundamental stage of a reaction and destroyed in the next is referred to as an intermediate. The rate-determining step is the one that moves the most slowly in a reaction system. The rate-determining phase establishes the rate law for the entire response by limiting the total rate.

Here is more information about rate law: brainly.com/question/16981791

#SPJ4

Answer:

isotope

Explanation:

According to the question, Copper (II) nitrate, Cu(NO3)2 is the limiting reactant.

What is limiting reactant?

A limiting reactant, also known as a limiting reagent, is a reactant that limits the amount of product that can be produced in a chemical reaction. It is typically the reactant that is used up first in the reaction, preventing any further reaction from occurring. The limiting reactant is also referred to as the “rate-determining” reagent, because its depletion determines the rate at which the chemical reaction proceeds. In a chemical reaction, the amount of product formed is determined by the amount of limiting reactant that is available. When the limiting reactant is used up, the reaction stops, regardless of whether other reactants are present or not. In order to determine the limiting reactant, one must calculate the moles of each reactant and compare the values to determine which one is used up first. Once the limiting reactant is known, the theoretical yield of the reaction can be determined.

To learn more about limiting reactant
https://brainly.com/question/14222359

#SPJ1

The interior packagings must either be made of glass with a maximum capacity of 4 L (1 gallon) or of metal or plastic with a maximum capacity of 20 L (5.3 gallons).

A chemically suitable absorbent material must be present around inner packaging holding liquid in an amount adequate to absorb the entire liquid content.

physical packing. Only one type of waste material may be contained in each outer package. Except for Division 4.2 Packing Group I materials, which must be packaged in UN standard steel or plastic drums tested and marked to the Packing Group I performance level for liquids or solids, and bromine pentafluoride and bromine trifluoride, which cannot be packaged in UN 4G fiberboard boxes, the following outer packagings are permitted.

a metal drum (UN 1A2, UN 1B2, or UN 1N2), a plywood drum (UN 1D), a fibre drum (UN 1G), a plastic drum (UN 1H2), tested, and designated to at least the Packing Group III performance.

Learn more about Metal here:

https://brainly.com/question/18153051

#SPJ4

A possible hypothesis on the observable products indicating that the reaction has gone to completion could be:

A double-replacement reaction is a type of chemical reaction that occurs between two ionic compounds in which the cations and anions of the two compounds switch partners to form two new ionic compounds.

In other words, the cations of one compound exchange places with the anions of the other compound. The general form of a double-replacement reaction can be written as AB + CD -> AD + CB, where A and B are the cations of the two original compounds and C and D are the anions of the two original compounds.

Learn more on double-replacement reaction here: https://brainly.com/question/23918356

#SPJ1

c. hydrogen. A gas's average kinetic energy is related to its temperature. To determine which gas has the highest average kinetic energy per mole at 298 K, we must examine each gas's.

molar mass as well as its associated speed distribution. The following equation gives the root-mean-square (RMS) speed of a gas RMS speed is sqrt((3RT) / M). where R denotes the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and M denotes the gas's molar mass. We can use this equation to compute the RMS speed of each gas at 298 K and compare it to see which gas has the highest average kinetic energy per mole. a. The molar mass of carbon dioxide is 44.01 g/mol. Its average speed  at 298 K is: RMS speed = sqrt((3 * 8.31 J/(mol*K) * 298 K) / 44.01 g/mol) = 408 m/s b. All gases have the same kinetic energy, regardless of their molar mass, so this answer is incorrect. c. Hydrogen has a molar mass of 2.02 g/mol. Its RMS speed at 298 K is: RMS speed = sqrt((3 * 8.31 J/(mol*K) * 298 K) / 2.02 g/mol) = 1,926 m/s/.

learn more about  Hydrogen  here:

https://brainly.com/question/28937951

#SPJ4

Answer:

The Lewis structure for potassium chloride (KCl), which is an ionic compound, cannot be represented by a single Lewis structure. Ionic compounds do not have a covalent bond, instead they have an electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions. In the case of potassium chloride, potassium (K) has a charge of +1 and chloride (Cl) has a charge of -1. The ionic compound can be represented by showing the positive and negative ions next to each other, separated by a dash or an arrow, like this:

K+ Cl-

Explanation:

Alternatively, it can be represented by a crystal lattice structure, which shows the repeating pattern of positive and negative ions in the solid compound.

1.375 g sample of a sugar found in seaweed is burned completely in oxygen to give 1.993 g of co2 and 0.9519 g of h2o then the empirical formula for the sugar is C2H3O

To find the empirical formula of the sugar, we need to determine the number of moles of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the sample.
First, we need to determine the number of moles of carbon in the sample. We can do this by dividing the mass of CO2 produced by the molar mass of CO2:
1.993 g CO2 / 44.01 g/mol = 0.04529 mol C

Next, we need to determine the number of moles of hydrogen in the sample. We can do this by dividing the mass of H2O produced by the molar mass of H2O:
0.9519 g H2O / 18.015 g/mol = 0.05278 mol H

Finally, we can calculate the number of moles of oxygen by subtracting the moles of carbon and hydrogen from the total number of moles in the sample:
0.135 g / (12.011 g/mol *0.04529mol) = 2.365 ≈ 2
0.135 g / (1.008 g/mol *0.05278mol) = 2.525 ≈ 3
0.135 g / (15.999 g/mol *2mol) = 0.00422 ≈ 0

Therefore, the empirical formula for the sugar is C2H3O.

Learn more about empirical formula here:

https://brainly.com/question/14044066

#SPJ4

The types of intermolecular forces exhibited by a compound depend on the nature of the individual molecules and their molecular geometry.

In general, there are three main types of intermolecular forces:

Here are examples of compounds and the types of intermolecular forces they exhibit:

To learn more about intermolecular forces refer to this link

https://brainly.com/question/9007693

#SPJ4

Option (b) is correct. When 100ml of diethyl ether is added to 100ml of water and thoroughly mixed, the diethyl ether will form a separate layer on the top of the water layer due to Van der Waals forces.

When we mix diethyl ether and water, they do not mix. They would quickly separate out with the ether layer on top as it is less dense. This process is frequently used to separate the products of organic synthesis.- The product is more soluble in diethyl ether than water that is shaken with diethyl ether multiple times and the ether layers collected usually for further purification. Diethyl ether does not form hydrogen bonds and only has Van Der Waals forces between the molecules This will be referred to as Dipole-Dipole. Water cannot hydrogen bond to the diethyl ether molecules and has very weak van der waals forces and dipole-dipole forces it is bonded more strongly to itself than the diethyl ether. Diethyl ether molecules are bonded more strongly to each other. so they separate out into two layers.

To learn more about Van der Waals forces please visit:

https://brainly.com/question/11457190

#SPJ4

The complete question is ,

what will happen when 100 ml of diethyl ether is added to 100 ml of water and thoroughly mixed?

(a) the temperature of the mixture will significantly increase.

(b) diethyl ether will form a separate layer on top of the water layer.

(c) water will form a separate layer on top of the diethyl ether layer.

(d) diethyl ether will fully dissolve in water.

(e) there will be a chemical reaction between diethyl ether and water.

Properties that describe how a substance changes into a completely different substance are called chemical properties, general properties of matter such as color, density, hardness, are examples of physical properties.

The general properties of matter such as color, density, hardness, are examples of physical properties. Properties that describe how a substance changes into a completely different substance are called chemical properties. Flammability and corrosion/oxidation resistance are examples of chemical properties.

Flammability is the ability of matter to burn. When matter burns, it combines with oxygen and changes to different substances.

Properties that help geologists identify a mineral in a rock are: color, hardness, luster, crystal forms, density, and cleavage. Crystal form, cleavage, and hardness are determined primarily by the crystal structure at the atomic level.

Flammability is a measure of how quickly a specific material is capable of catching fire and burning. It indicates the ease with which a material can ignite and the intensity with which it burns once it catches on fire.

Learn more about chemical property here:-

https://brainly.com/question/1935242

#SPJ4

The element with the electron configuration 1s² 2s²2p⁴ is oxygen.

Electron configuration in chemistry describes how electrons are distributed in its atomic orbitals.

Electron configurations of atoms follow a standard notation in which all electron-containing atomic subshells (with the number of electrons they hold written in superscript) are placed in a sequence.

The atomic number of the element is used to create the electron configuration. This means that an element with electron configuration 1s² 2s²2p⁴ is oxygen because it has an atomic number 8.

Learn more about electron configuration at: https://brainly.com/question/29757010

#SPJ1

Determine the water phase transition that is not appropriately matched: Melting - energy absorbed (should be energy released).

Melting - energy absorbed is the wrong answer in the options that are connected to the phases of water. In order to overcome the intermolecular interactions and transform the solid state of the material into a liquid, energy must be absorbed by the substance during melting. In contrast, energy is released when water vapour transforms into liquid in condensation as opposed to deposition, when it transforms into ice first. When solid ice transforms into water vapour in the process of sublimation, energy is absorbed, and as liquid water transforms into water vapour in the process of evaporation, energy is released.

learn more about energy here:

https://brainly.com/question/2409175

#SPJ4

For an ionic compound, the charge of the cationic and anionic parts are written in the crisscross formula of the compound. Here, the charge of oxygen is -2 and that of X is + 1.

Ionic compounds are formed between a metal and nonmetal by transferring one or more electrons from the metal to the non-metal. Thus, metal is having a positive charge (cation) and nonmetals gains a negative charge.

The charge of the cation is given as the subscript of anion and vice versa in  the formula of the compound.

Here, the overall charge of the compound X₂O is zero. Charge of oxygen is -2. It gains two electrons to achieve octet. Let x be the charge of one X.

then, 2x + -2 = 0

2x = +2

x =+1.

Therefore, the charge of X in the compound X₂O is +1.

Find more on ionic compounds:

https://brainly.com/question/29005103

#SPJ1

Assuming that both the forward and reverse reactions are the elementary processes, the reaction has the larger rate constant is the reverse reaction.

The elementary reaction is as follows :

Cl₂(g) ⇌ 2Cl(g)

The  reaction that has the greater rate constant is the reverse reaction.

K c = k f / k r

If the Kc is small, the k reverse is the larger than the k forward.

An elementary reaction is defined as the  chemical reaction in which the one or the more chemical species will react directly to form the products in the single reaction step. Therefore the reverse will have the larger rate constant.

To learn more about elementary reaction here

https://brainly.com/question/30046975

#SPJ4

This question is incomplete, the complete question is :

The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of molecular chlorine, Cl2(g)⇌2Cl(g), at 200 ∘C is Kc=0.0168.

Assuming both forward and reverse reactions are elementary processes, which reaction has the larger rate constant: the forward or the reverse reaction?