Dalton's Atomic Theory proposed a model of the atom as a small, indivisible, and indestructible particle. This theory was based on a set of observations and experiments that followed from the basic laws of matter.
One of the key observations was the law of definite proportions, which states that the proportions of elements in a compound are always the same regardless of the amount or source of the compound. For example, water always consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, no matter where it comes from or how much is present. This observation led to the conclusion that elements combine in fixed ratios to form compounds, suggesting that the elements themselves must be made up of individual, uniform particles.
Another important observation was the law of conservation of mass, which states that the total mass of a system remains constant during a chemical reaction, indicating that matter cannot be created or destroyed. This led to the conclusion that chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of individual particles, rather than the creation or destruction of matter.
Finally, the law of multiple proportions, which states that when two elements combine to form more than one compound, the ratio of the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element is always a ratio of small whole numbers. This observation led to the conclusion that elements could combine in different ratios to form different compounds, suggesting that the elements must consist of individual particles with different masses.
Based on these observations, Dalton proposed his Atomic Theory, which stated that:
All matter is made up of atoms, which are small, indivisible particles.Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties.Atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or transformed into atoms of another element.Atoms of different elements combine in fixed ratios to form compounds.Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms, but no creation or destruction of matter occurs.Overall, Dalton's Atomic Theory was an attempt to explain the basic laws of matter through a model of the atom as a small, indivisible, and indestructible particle that could explain the chemical behavior of elements and compounds. It provided a framework for understanding the behavior of matter and set the stage for further research into the nature of the atom and the fundamental principles of chemistry.
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where are voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels generally found in neurons?
Voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels are generally found in neurons the axon origin of spinal cord.
All cells have an electrical implicit difference, or membrane eventuality, across tube membrane. the electrical implicit difference across tube membrane is a function of ions attention in the intracellular and extracellular results and of the picky permeabilities of ions.
In general, voltage-gated sodium( Nav) and voltage-gated potassium( Kv1 and KCNQ) channels are located in the axon, and Kv2, Kv4, and hyperpolarization- actuated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels( HCNs) are located in the dendrites. There are exceptions; for illustration, different types of voltage-gated calcium( Cav) channels and Kv3 channels are distributed in the axon and dendrites.
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Consider the following reaction:
2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2 H₂O(g)
-
How many liters of H₂ are required to produce a total of 2 moles
of H₂O at STP?
89.4 L
67.2 L
44.8 L
22.4 L
44.8 liters of H₂ are required to produce a total of 2 moles of H₂O at STP. Therefore, option C is correct.
What is stoichiometry ?The term stoichiometry is defined as the determination of the proportions in which elements or compounds react with one another.
The rules followed in the identification of stoichiometric relationships are based on the laws of conservation of mass and energy and the law of combining weights or volumes.
The balanced reaction is:
2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O
By reaction stoichiometry, the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
H₂ - 2 moles
O₂- 1 mole
H₂O - 2 moles
The STP conditions refer to the standard temperature and pressure, which values are 0 °C and 1 atmosphere as a reference values for gases. In these conditions 1 mole of any gas occupies an approximate volume of 22.4 liters.
For calculate the number of moles of O₂ required, you can observe the stoichiometry of the reaction. By reaction stoichiometry 2 moles of H₂O are produce by 2 moles of H₂.
Then, you can apply the following rule of three:
if by definition of STP conditions 1 mole of H₂ occupies a volume of 22.4 liters, 2 moles occupy how much volume?
volume = (2 moles× 22.4 L)/ 1 L
= 44.8 L
Thus, 44.8 liters of H₂ are required to produce a total of 2 moles of H₂O at STP, option C is correct.
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different substances have different ____________ , or abilities to reflect light.
The ability of a substance to reflect light is called Luster. So different substances have different Luster, the ability to reflect light.
Luster is one of the optical properties of materials. Usually metals are known for exhibiting luster. It is both a quantitative and qualitative measure. Luster is the property of reflecting all or some of the incident rays. Metals are lustrous, means they have a shiny surface. Some non-metals like diamonds is also lustrous in nature.
Another quantity that is used synonymous to luster is reflectance. It is the measurement of the light reflected compared to the incident rays falling on a surface.
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If 18 grams of carbon react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, How many molecules of Carbon molecules of oxygen would be required?
a. 1.5 molecules
c. 9.0 X 102 molecules
d. 3.2 X 10 molecules
b. 48 molecules
The number of molecules of carbon molecules of oxygen that would be required is 9.03 × 10²³ molecules.
How to calculate number of molecules?The number of molecules of a substance can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles by Avogadro's number as follows:
no of molecules = no of moles × 6.02 × 10²³
According to this question, if 18 grams of carbon react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide. The number of moles of carbon can be calculated as follows:
no of moles of carbon = 18g ÷ 12g/mol = 1.5 moles
no of molecules = 1.5 moles × 6.02 × 10²³
no of molecules = 9.03 × 10²³ molecules
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if the initial concentration of ni(co)4(g) is 1.0 m and x is the equilibrium concentration of co(g), what is the correct equilibrium relation?
For this reaction, the appropriate equilibrium relation is x = (Kc)1/4.
How is the equilibrium concentration determined?Write the reaction's equilibrium constant expression. To find x, substitute the final concentrations and the known K value. Determine each substance's final concentration in the reaction mixture. By adding these values to the expression for the equilibrium constant to get K, you may verify your answers.
Nickel tetracarbonyl, Ni(CO)4, decomposes in an equilibrium reaction that is:
Ni(CO)4(g) ⇌ Ni(s) + 4CO(g)
which is given by the expression:
Kc = [Ni(s)] [CO]4 / [Ni(CO)4(g)]
The initial concentration of nickel tetracarbonyl gas is also given as 1.0 M.
Let x be the equilibrium concentration of CO gas, then the equilibrium expression can be written as:
Kc = (1) (x)4 / (1.0)
Simplifying the expression gives:
Kc = x4
Taking the fourth root of both sides gives the equilibrium relation:
x = (Kc)1/4
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Chlorine (Cl) has 17 electrons. How many electrons are in the n = 1, n = 2, and n = 3 levels, respectively, of a chlorine atom?
2, 8, 7
2, 6, 9
8, 2, 7
7, 8, 2
Chlorine's electrical configuration will be 2, 8, 7, because its atomic number (Z) is 17. In the L shell, there are eight electrons (second shell).
Chlorine has an atomic mass of 35.45 and an atomic number of 17, which means that each of its atoms contains 17 protons, 17 electrons, and 18 neutrons. As a result, you are already aware that for the element chlorine, the atomic number indicates how many electrons there are. In other words, a chlorine atom contains 17 electrons. This chlorine atom has 17 protons since the atomic number is equal to the number of protons in an atom. Since there are exactly as many electrons as protons in neutral atoms, we can infer that there are 17 electrons total that need to be divided among the electron shells.
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Please help now ASAP pleaseeee
Answer:
166.1
Explanation:
297.6+45.0=342.6
342.6-176.5=166.1
If 20cm^3 of potassium chloride was titrated with 60cm^3of 0.105M silver nitrate solution,calculate the molarity of potassium chloride solution
According to molar concentration, the molarity of potassium chloride solution is 0.315 M.
What is molar concentration?Molar concentration is defined as a measure by which concentration of chemical substances present in a solution are determined. It is defined in particular reference to solute concentration in a solution . Most commonly used unit for molar concentration is moles/liter.
The molar concentration depends on change in volume of the solution which is mainly due to thermal expansion. Molar concentration is calculated by the formula, molar concentration=mass/ molar mass ×1/volume of solution in liters.
In case of 2 solutions, it is calculated as, M₁V₁=M₂V₂ which on substitution gives M₁=0.105×60/20=0.315 M.
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how many moles of oxygen are formed when 58.6 g of kno3 decomposes according to the following reaction? the molar mass of kno3 is 101.11 g/mol.
As per balanced reaction 4 moles of potassium nitrate gives 5 moles of oxygen. So Here 0.724 moles of oxygen is formed
The balanced reaction for the decomposition of potassium nitrate is as follows
4KNO₃ -------------> 2K₂0 + 2N₂ + 5O₂
4 moles of potassium nitrate gives 5 moles of oxygen.
Molar mass of KNO₃ = 101.11 g/mol
Mass of KNO₃ decomposed = 58.6 g
Number of moles of KNO₃ = Mass of KNO₃/ molar mass of KNO₃
= 58.6 / 101.11 = 0.579 moles
Ratio of KNO₃ : O₂ = 4:5
4/5 = 0.579/x
x = 0.579 × 5/4 = 0.724 moles
So when 0.579 moles of potassium nitrate decomposes 0.724 moles of oxygen is formed.
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different substances have different ____________ , or abilities to reflect light.
Different substances have different Luster or ability to reflect light. Luster is the ability of a substance which reflects light.
Luster is defined as the ability of the substance which reflects light. There are two main categories of luster describe how light reflects off a mineral. Those are metallic and submetallic luster and non-metallic luster. Metallic lusters describes minerals that are generally opaque and reflective. This can be described as having the appearance of polished metal. Some metals are also classified as minerals and fall into metallic lusters such as gold, silver, and copper. Luster is said to be a property used to differentiate precious stones and minerals. This describes how light interacts with the surface and structure of a crystallized mineral. It is useful in identifying minerals found in rocks and strata.
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An incomplete diagram of meiosis is shown below. At the end of the process, how many chromosomes would be present in cell A?
In Cell A, there would be 8 chromosomes present at the end of the meiosis process.
What is the meiosis process?
Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces four daughter cells from one parent cell. It is a type of nuclear division that occurs in eukaryotic cells and is the process by which gametes (sex cells) are formed. The process of meiosis is composed of two separate divisions called meiosis I and meiosis II. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes (which contain two copies of each gene) pair up, exchange genetic material, and then separate. This process is called crossing over and it creates genetic diversity. During meiosis II, the sister chromatids (copies of each chromosome) separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.
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AgCl is found to have 78.1% ionic character, and its gas phase dipole moment is 11.5 D. What is the distance between the Ag and Cl atoms in gaseous AgCl in picometers?
The dipole moment of gaseous AgCl is 11.5 D, and its ionic character is 78.1%. This means that 78.1% of the molecule’s bond is ionic and the remaining 21.9% is covalent.
What is molecule’s bond ?A molecule’s bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical compounds. These bonds are formed when the electrons in the outermost shells of the atoms are shared or exchanged. There are two types of bonds, ionic and covalent. Ionic bonds form when the atoms of two different elements exchange electrons, while covalent bonds form when the atoms share electrons. This type of bonding is important in the structure of molecules, as it allows them to form stable compounds. Molecule bonds can be either single, double, or triple, depending on how many pairs of electrons are involved in the bond.
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Find the value of x.
30°
135°
x = [?]°
The value of x = 15°
What is triangle?
A triangle is a geometric shape that consists of three sides and three angles. It is a polygon with three sides. The sum of the three angles in a triangle always adds up to 180 degrees.
The sum of angles in a triangle is 180°.
Since we are given two angles, we can find the measure of the third angle by subtracting the sum of the two given angles from 180°.
The measure of the third angle is:
180° - 30° - 135° = 15°
Therefore, x = 15°.
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How many moles of Ana are in 42 grams of Na
Answer:
1.83 moles
Explanation:
The question is: how many moles of "Na" are in 42 g of Na, right?
1 mole of Na = 23 g
so # mole = (1 mole / 23 g) x 42g = 1.82 moles
magnesium chloride is often used to melt ice on sidewalks. considering that the solubility of magnesium chloride (95.21 g/mol) in water is 54.3 g per 100.0 g of water, what is the lowest temperature that you would expect to be able to melt ice with magnesium chloride? assume ideal behavior. kf(water)
The lowest temperature at which magnesium chloride is anticipated to be able to melt ice is -46.5°C.
Molality is defined as the concentration of solute particles per kilogram of solvent expressed in moles.
To calculate the freezing point depression:
[tex]\rm \Delta T_f = i\times K_f\times molality[/tex]
where, ΔTf is the change in freezing point.
[tex]\rm K_f[/tex] is the freezing point depression constant.
molality = (mass/molar mass)[tex]\times[/tex] (1000/mass of solvent in gm)
molar mass of [tex]\rm MgCl_2[/tex] = 95.2 g/mol
i = Van't Hoff factor, for [tex]\rm MgCl_2[/tex] Van't Hoff factor is 3.
Now, plugging the values, we get:
[tex]\rm \Delta T_f[/tex] = 3 [tex]\times[/tex] 1.86 [tex]\times[/tex] (54.3/95.21) [tex]\times[/tex] (1000/100)
[tex]\rm \Delta T_f[/tex] = 31.82 °C
To get the lowest temperature at which magnesium chloride can melt ice, subtract it from the freezing point of water (0°C):
[tex]\rm \Delta T_f[/tex] = [tex]\rm T_0-T_1[/tex] ([tex]\rm T_0[/tex]= freezing point of solvent, [tex]\rm T_1[/tex]= freezing point of solution)
31.82 = 0.0 - [tex]\rm T_1[/tex]
[tex]\rm T_1[/tex]= -31.82 °C
Therefore, lowest temperature to melt the ice is -31.82 °C.
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If 20mL of glacial acetic acid is diluted with water to a total volume of 80mL, what is the percent by volume of the acetic acid in the solution?
The percent concentration is 25%.
What is percent by volume?Percent by volume (also known as volume percent or percent by volume ) is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution expressed as a percentage of the total volume of the solution. It is calculated by dividing the volume of the solute by the total volume of the solution and multiplying by 100.
The percent by volume;
Volume of acetic acid/Total volume * 100
= 20 mL/80 mL * 100/1
= 25%
\It's important to note that percent by mass is not the same as percent by volume.
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a 17.90 17.90 g sample of a compound contains 5.71 5.71 g of potassium, k, k , 5.18 5.18 g of chlorine, cl, cl , and oxygen, o. o . calculate the empirical formula. insert subscripts as needed.
The molecular formula of a compound gives the actual number of atoms of various elements present in a molecule. The empirical formula is KClO₂.
What is empirical formula?The empirical formula of a compound is defined as the formula which gives the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of various elements present in one molecule of the compound.
Number of moles (n) = Given mass / Molar mass
'n' of 'K' = 5.71 / 39.09 = 0.1460 moles
'n' of 'Cl' = 5.18 / 35.45 = 0.1461 moles
'n' of 'O' = 5.18 / 15.99 = 0.3238 moles
To get simple whole number ratio:
K = 0.1460 / 0.1460 = 1
Cl = 0.1461 / 0.1460 = 1
O = 0.3238 / 0.1460 = 2
Thus the empirical formula is KClO₂.
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which response lists all the following pairs that are miscible liquids? i. hexane (c6h14) and water ii. methanol (ch3oh) and water iii. octane (c8h18) and carbon tetrachloride (ccl4) group of answer choices ii and iii iii only i and iii ii only i and ii flag question: question 7
Pairs which are miscible liquids is ii)methanol(CH₃OH) and water and iii)octane(C₈H₁₈) and carbon tetrachloride(CCl₄).So,correct options are ii and iii.
Miscible liquids are liquid substances that can blend in all extents to frame a homogeneous arrangement. All in all, miscible liquid structure when two fluids completely disintegrate in one another at any concentration.The expression miscibility portrays this capacity to blend in with one another, and this term is for the most part utilized with fluids, yet it might have applications seeing solids and gases also.
For instance, miscibility of water and ethanol is normal where water and ethanol go about as miscible liquids by blending in with one another in every conceivable extent. While considering natural mixtures, the weight level of hydrocarbon binds will generally decide the miscibility of the natural compound with water. For example ethanol contains two carbon iotas where 1-butanol contains four carbon molecules (both are alcohols), yet ethanol is miscible with water while 1-butanol isn't.
Frequently, the miscibility of liquids is resolved optically. In the event that the two liquids consolidate and make a reasonable fluid, the two liquids are miscible with one another. On the off chance that the consolidated liquids seem overcast in the wake of blending, those fluids are immiscible with one another.
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(Complete question) is:
Which response lists all the following pairs that are miscible liquids.?
i. hexane (C₆H₁₄) and water ii. methanol (CH₃OH) and water iii. octane (C₈H₁₈) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) iv)all of these
an element has a dibromide with the empirical formula and a dichloride with the empirical formula . the dibromide is converted to the dichloride according to the equation if the complete conversion of 1.238 g of results in the formation of 0.735 g of , what is the atomic mass of the element ?
According to the equation, the dibromide is transformed into the dichloride if the entire conversion of 1.238 g produces 0.735 g of nickel, the atomic mass of the element is 58.693 g/mol.
First, we need to find the number of moles of XBr2 and XCl2 equation. The molar mass of XBr2 is 2 times the atomic mass of the element plus 2 times the molar mass of Br, and the molar mass of XCl2 is 2 times the atomic mass of the element plus 2 times the molar mass of Cl.
Let's call the atomic mass of the element "x". Then the molar mass of XBr2 can be written as: 2x + 2(Br)
And the molar mass of XCl2 can be written as:
2x + 2(Cl)Next, we can use the given masses of XBr2 and XCl2 to find the number of moles of each substance:
Number of moles of XBr2 = 1500 g / (2x + 2(Br))
Number of moles of XCl2 = 0.890 g / (2x + 2(Cl))
Now that we have the number of moles of XBr2 and XCl2, we can use the balanced equation to find the ratio of moles of XBr2 to XCl2:
XBr2 + Cl2 -> XCl2 + Br2
2 moles of XBr2 react to form 1 mole of XCl2.
Number of moles of XCl2 = Number of moles of XBr2 / 2
Finally, we can use the number of moles of XCl2 and its molar mass to find the atomic mass of the element:
M + 159.8/1.5 = M + 70.9/0.89
0.89M + 142.333 = 1.5M +10
35.872 = 0.61M
M= 58.8g/mol
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calculate the mass percent (m/m) of a solution prepared by dissolving 56.27 g of nacl in 179.3 g of h2o .
The mass percent (m/m) of the solution prepared by dissolving 56.27 g of NaCl in 179.3 g of H2O is 23.85%.To calculate the mass percent (m/m) of a solution prepared by dissolving 56.27 g of NaCl in 179.3 g of H2O, we first need to calculate the total mass of the solution:
Total mass of solution = mass of solute + mass of solvent
Total mass of solution = 56.27 g NaCl + 179.3 g H2O
Total mass of solution = 235.57 g
Next, we can calculate the mass percent (m/m) of NaCl in the solution using the formula:
Mass percent (m/m) = (mass of solute / total mass of solution) x 100%
Mass percent (m/m) of NaCl = (56.27 g / 235.57 g) x 100%
Mass percent (m/m) of NaCl = 23.85%
Therefore, the mass percent (m/m) of the solution prepared by dissolving 56.27 g of NaCl in 179.3 g of H2O is 23.85%.
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Which of these ions is most likely to be leached from the soil?
a. magnesium ions,
b. chlorine ions,
c. calcium ions,
d. iron ions
e. potassium ions
In a dynamic equilibrium between the liquid state and the gas state, what is true about the rate of evaporation?
A. The rate of evaporation cannot be determined.
B. It is greater than the rate of condensation.
C. It is equal to the rate of condensation
D. It is less than the rate of condensation
It is true that the rate of evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation in a dynamic equilibrium between the liquid state and the gas state.
Since the rate of evaporation is not zero, the vapour pressure increases until the evaporation and condensation rates are equal. The partial pressure of vapour in the container equals the equilibrium vapour pressure of the liquid at this time, indicating that the system is in dynamic equilibrium.
At the liquid water-air interface, the opposing processes of evaporation and condensation take place concurrently. The number of water molecules that transform from liquid to gas each second is the rate of evaporation. The temperature of the liquid water has a major role in determining the rate of evaporation. The rate of evaporation increases with the temperature of the liquid water.
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how many orbitals are completely filled in an atom that has 12 electrons? the electron configuration is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2
There are 6 orbitals that are completely filled in an atom with 12 electrons.
This is because the maximum number of electrons that can fill each orbital is two. The electron configuration of an atom with 12 electrons is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2, which means that the 1s and 2s orbitals are both filled with two electrons, and the 2p orbital is filled with six electrons. Thus, there are six orbitals that are completely filled.Magnesium is an essential element that plays a critical role in many of the body’s metabolic processes. It is involved in energy production, DNA synthesis, and in the formation of muscles, bones, and other tissues.
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50 g of ice at -10 0c is dropped into 100 g of water at 250c in an insulating cup whose mass is negligible. only fraction of ice melts. (a) what is the final equilibrium temperature? (b) what % of ice melts? (57%) (hint: how much heat is available just to melt the ice?)
The final equilibrium temperature is approximately 247.7°C and the percentage of ice that melts is 50%.
The amount of heat transferred is given by the equation:
[tex]Q = m * c * \triangle T[/tex]
First, we need to calculate the amount of heat needed to melt the ice. The heat required to melt ice is given by the equation:
[tex]Q = m * L[/tex]
where L is the latent heat of fusion of ice, which is 334 J/g. Therefore, the heat required to melt 50 g of ice is:
[tex]Q = 50 g * 334 J/g = 16700 J[/tex]
the heat lost by the water is equal to the heat gained by the ice:
[tex]Q_{water} = -Q_{ice[/tex]
[tex]T_f = (Q_{ice}/m_{ice}c_{ice} + Q_{water}/m_{water}c_{water}) + T_i[/tex]
Plugging in the values, we get:
[tex]T_f = (16700 J / 50 g * 2.1 J/gC + 100 g * 4.2 J/gC * (25C - T_i)) + T_i[/tex]
Simplifying this equation, we get:
[tex]T_f[/tex] = (835°C/g + 4200 J/°C + 105000 J/g) / (100 g * 4.2 J/g°C)
[tex]T_f[/tex]= (104035°C/g) / (420 J/°C)
[tex]T_f[/tex]= 247.7°C
Therefore, the final equilibrium temperature is approximately 247.7°C.
To calculate the percentage of ice that melts, we can use the equation:
% ice melted = (mass of ice melted / initial mass of ice) * 100%
mass of ice melted = [tex]Q_{ice} / L[/tex]
mass of ice melted = 16700 J / 334 J/g
mass of ice melted = 50 g
Therefore, the percentage of ice that melts is:
% ice melted = (50 g / 100 g) * 100%
% ice melted = 50%
Thus, the percentage of ice that melts is 50%.
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how many kilocalories is provided by 10 grams of pure alcohol? multiple choice question. 50 kilocalories 90 kilocalories 70 kilocalories 40 kilocalories
The answer to the multiple choice question is 70 kilocalories provided by 10 grams of pure alcohol.
Alcohol is a type of macronutrient that provides energy to the body. It is considered the fourth macronutrient, besides carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Alcohol is broken down into acetaldehyde and then into acetate, which is converted into energy in the body.
One gram of alcohol provides 7 kilocalories of energy, which is almost double the amount provided by carbohydrates and proteins. The energy derived from alcohol is not used as efficiently by the body as energy derived from other macronutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. This is because the energy derived from alcohol is quickly metabolized by the liver, leading to a temporary increase in energy but also making the body more prone to energy crashes.
Therefore, while alcohol does provide energy to the body, it is important to consume it in moderation to avoid negative health effects.
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help pls ill mark first person to answer in 20minutes brainlyest
The chemical equations illustrate the law of conservation of mass, because each chemical equation must be balanced so that the number of atoms of each element on the reactant side equals the number of atoms of each element on the product side.
What is the law of conservation of mass ?The law of conservation of mass, also known as the principle of mass conservation, states that for any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy, the mass of the system must remain constant over time because the mass of the system cannot change.
When you change the coefficients, you are only changing the number of molecules in that substance. However, changing the subscripts changes the substance itself, rendering your chemical equation incorrect.
Thus, The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
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What is meant by redox reaction?
Answer:
A redox reaction, also known as oxidation-reduction reaction, is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of a molecule changes due to the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another molecule.
Answer:
A chemical reaction that takes place between an oxidizing substance and a reducing substance.
Explanation:
if the percentage of oxygen (by mass) in an unknown compound is 35.53% and there are 4 atoms per molecule. what is the molar mass of the unknown compound
Molar mass, which is measured in grammes per mole units, is the mass of one mole of a substance. The unknown compound's molar mass is 226.2 g/mol plus the molar masses of any additional elements it may contain.
We can first calculate the mass of the oxygen in one mole of the chemical to obtain the molar mass of the unknown compound: The chemical has 35.53 g of oxygen per mole. Oxygen has an atomic mass of 16.00 g/mol. As a result, there are 2.2206 moles of oxygen in a mole of the molecule, or 35.53 g / 16.00 g/mol. As there are 4 atoms per molecule, the following formula can be used to determine the molar mass of the unknown compound: Molar mass = (35.53 g + molar mass of other elements) / 2.2206 mol * 4 atoms/molecule. Molar mass = (35.53 g / 2.2206 mol * 4) + molar mass of other elements is the result of solving for the molar mass of the unidentified substance. Molar mass is equal to 226.2 g/mol plus the molar mass of other elements. Therefore, The unknown compound's molar mass is 226.2 g/mol plus the molar masses of any additional elements it may contain.
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Which of the following can be classified as a weak electrolyte?
a. Hydrofluoric acid (HF)
b. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
c. Bromide (HBr)
d. Hydrogen iodide (HI)
Hydrofluoric acid (HF), and Bromide (Br-) are weak electrolyte, according to the options given. Hence the correct option is (a), and (c) respectively.
A weak electrolyte is a substance that only partially dissociates into ions when dissolved in a solvent. The extent of dissociation depends on the concentration of the electrolyte in the solution and the strength of the bond between the ions.
Based on this definition, the following substances can be classified as weak electrolytes:
a. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) - Hydrofluoric acid is a weak acid that only partially dissociates into ions in aqueous solution.
c. Hydrogen Bromide (HBr) - Hydrogen Bromide is a weak base that dissociates only slightly in water.
On the other hand, the following substances are strong electrolytes and dissociate completely into ions when dissolved in water:
b. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) - Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid that dissociates completely into hydrogen (H+) and chloride (Cl-) ions in water.
d. Hydrogen iodide (HI) - Hydrogen iodide is a strong acid that dissociates completely into hydrogen (H+) and iodide (I-) ions in water.
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Is alchemy a real science? In three to five sentences, explain your answer.
Alchemy is not real science. Unlike real science, Alchemy does not utilize all parts of the scientific method. Alchemy cannot be tested using experimentation. Data cannot be collected. Other scientists cannot repeat procedures and get the same results.
Alchemy is not a real science. Alchemy is best described as form of 'proto-science' rather than distinct science in its own right.
What is alchemy?Alchemists throughout the ages sought to harness power of nature through scientific intervention, often implementing it to artistic effect. In medieval Europe, alchemy was referred as “The Great Art.”
Alchemy is described as form of 'proto-science' rather than distinct science because, although many observations and theories made by alchemists were based on scientific fact, they often explained these in terms of divine intervention.
Alchemical practice began about 1,500 years ago in Hellenistic Greece and it came to Europe by way of Middle East. Like the word algebra, alchemy has its Arabic influences in its name. Alchemy flourished in Europe between 13th and 18th centuries.
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