Global atmospheric circulation (GAC)
The movement of air across the planet occurs in a specific pattern. The whole system is driven by the equator, which is the hottest part of the Earth. Air rises at the equator, leading to low pressure and rainfall.
When the air reaches the edge of the atmosphere, it cannot go any further and so it travels to the north and south. The air becomes cold and falls to create high pressure and dry conditions at around 30° north and south of the equator. Large cells of air are created in this way. Air rises again at around 60° north and south and descends again at around 90° north and south. Global atmospheric circulation creates winds across the planet and leads to areas of high rainfall, like tropical rainforests, and areas of dry air, like deserts.
Global circulation can be described as the worldwide system of winds by which the necessary transport of heat from tropical to polar latitudes is accomplished. In each hemisphere, there are three cells (Hadley cell, Ferrel cell, and Polar cell) in which air circulates through the entire depth of the troposphere. The troposphere is the name given to the vertical extent of the atmosphere from the surface, right up to between 10 and 15 km high.
Hadley cell
Hadley Cells are the low-latitude overturning circulations that have air rising at the equator and air sinking at roughly 30° latitude. They are responsible for the trade winds in the Tropics and control low-latitude weather patterns.
The largest cells extend from the equator to between 30 and 40 degrees north and south and are named Hadley cells, after English meteorologist George Hadley. Within the Hadley cells, the trade winds blow towards the equator, then ascend near the equator as a broken line of thunderstorms, which forms the Inter-Tropical-Convergence Zone (ITCZ). From the tops of these storms, the air flows towards higher latitudes, where it sinks to produce high-pressure regions over the subtropical oceans and the world's hot deserts, such as the Sahara desert in North Africa
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0.34 pts put the following metamorphic textures in order of increasing metamorphic grade: banding slaty cleavage schistocity group of answer choices banding slaty cleavage schistocity schistocity slaty cleavage banding banding schistocity slaty cleavage slaty cleavage schistocity banding slaty cleavage banding schistocity
The metamorphic textures in order of increasing metamorphic grade are:
Salty cleavageSchistocityBandingFoliated Textures of Metamorphic RocksThe texture of metamorphic rocks can be either granular or foliated. This time we will only discuss the foliation texture. Foliation is a collection of planar minerals, or concentrations of minerals, especially planar structures resulting from the flattening of mineral grains, such as mica.
Most metamorphic rocks are formed due to the influence of stress in a certain direction. Therefore, we can observe a striking directional texture. Foliation itself can appear subtle or obvious depending on the degree of metamorphism.
As temperature and pressure increase, a foliated texture develops in the following sequence.
Slaty Cleavage is the pervasive parallel foliation of fine-grained platy minerals such as chlorite in a direction perpendicular to the direction of maximum stress. This process produces slate and phyllite.Schistosity is the layering in coarse-grained crystalline rocks due to the parallel arrangement of platy mineral grains such as biotite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, plus various other minerals such as garnet, kyanite, and sillimanite.Banding is the inner layer of rock in which bands or lenses of granular minerals such as quartz and feldspar alternate with bands or lenses in which platy minerals (mica) elongate and predominate.Learn more about The Highest Metamorphic Grade here: brainly.com/question/13221649
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Making inferences in what ways do erosions affect the lives of humans? Think about:
2. Results of erosions.
The ways that erosions affect the lives of humans are:
An increased flooding that tends to displaced people from their homes Increased level of sedimentation in rivers as well as streams making the water not good for drinking.What consequences do erosions have?There is decreased capacity of the soil to store nutrients and water. subsoil exposure, which frequently has undesirable physical and chemical characteristics. greater runoff rates, wasting water and nutrients that would have been used to cultivate crops. newly planted crops are lost
Beyond the loss of agricultural land, soil erosion has other negative repercussions. In streams and rivers, it has increased pollution and sedimentation, blocking these waterways and resulting in a loss in fish and other species. Additionally, deteriorated soils are frequently less able to retain water, which can make floods worse.
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dissolution of the limestone is facilitied by a humid climate. what are the two things associated with humid climates that promote the dissolution of limestone?
H2o co2 and h2co3 help in the dissolution of limestone.
How does humid climate affect limestone?
Limestone's aesthetic appeal and structural integrity may be harmed by weathering. Rain, snow, temperature, wind, and air pollutants are all factors. Typically, these elements work together or in conjunction with other degradation agents.
Rainwater, especially when combined with air chemicals that frequently produce acid rain, can cause the limestone to dissolve, increasing the amount of salt that moves inside the stone building.
Temperature has an impact on salt migration patterns within the stone as well as rates of disintegration and (in bigger stones) movement of the fragments. Most of the inherent or natural issues that might arise with limestone require some level of moisture, although some issues like wind erosion and vandalism can arise on their own.
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There are a few different conflicts besides Scrooge's internal struggle that are depicted in A Christmas Carol. Explain where we see the conflict of man vs. society in the story.
With the Ghost of Christmas Present accompanying him, Scrooge faces the push and pull of his avarice and his old recollections of pleasant family time with his sister.
What is the most important message in a Christmas carol?Throughout the story, four ghosts visit Scrooge and attempt to persuade him to reconsider his mind. Dickens was conveying to his audience that Christmas is a time when everyone should celebrate and be cheerful. Dickens was clearly attempting to make the point that we should all enjoy life because we only get one shot.
Scrooge's refusal illustrates the selfishness of Victorian society's upper crust. Instead of creating a community in which everyone can enjoy life, Dickens emphasizes the injustice of economic allocation. Dickens represents the destitute with two sad children named Ignorance and Want.
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difference between spring and artesian well
Answer:
Springs are often confused with flowing artesian wells. An artesian well is a hole or boring that has been drilled into a water-bearing formation or "aquifer" that is under pressure. The water in an artesian well rises above the top of the aquifer (water-bearing formation) until the pressure is equalized
Explanation:
How can countries without natural resources acquire them? (give two examples)
Determine the missing length in the right triangle using the Pythagorean Theorem. Simplify the squareroot
A wise response is to choose (a). The length that is missing from the right triangle according to the Pythagorean Theorem is equal to √117.
The Pythagorean theorem is what?In a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse side is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides, according to Pythagoras's Theorem.
Using the sum of the areas of three intersecting squares, the Pythagorean Theorem shows how to get the side lengths of a right triangle. This theorem is an extremely useful technique that forms the basis for more complicated trigonometry concepts like the inverse of the Pythagorean theorem.
What is the Pythagoras Theorem's exact formula?Assume that the triangle ABC has sides measuring a, b, and c, and that [tex]a^{2} + b^{2} = c^{2}[/tex]. A second triangle with sides of lengths a and b and a right angle should be built. The hypotenuse of this triangle has length c = √[tex](a^{2} + b^{2})[/tex], matching the length of the hypotenuse of the first triangle according to the Pythagorean theorem.
We will use the Pythagorean Theorem to the following problem to identify the right-angled triangle's missing side.
[tex]c^{2} = a^{2} + b^{2}[/tex]
c = √[tex](a^{2} + b^{2} )[/tex]
c= √[tex](6^{2} + 9^{2} )[/tex]
c = √(36 + 81)
c= √117
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where did the industrial revolution take place
During the Industrial Revolution, which took place in the 18th century, scientific and technological advancements led to the industrialization of rural, agrarian cultures, particularly those in Europe and North America.
The Industrial Revolution began in earnest in Britain in the 1830s and 1840s, but certain improvements were created as early as the 1700s.
It quickly expanded to the rest of the world, including the United States. Modern historians frequently refer to this period as the First Industrial Revolution to distinguish it from the second phase of industrialization that occurred from the late 19th to early 20th century and witnessed tremendous advancements in the steel, electric, and car industries.
Beginning in the middle of the eighteenth century, inventions like the spinning jenny (a wooden frame with numerous spindles), the flying shuttle, the water frame, and the power loom greatly simplified the process of weaving cloth and spinning yarn and thread.
Cloth production became more time and labor-efficient and required much less human labor.
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Explain the meaning of the
following
term
• New England
Answer:
New England
a region of northeastern United States comprising Maine and New Hampshire and Vermont and Massachusetts and Rhode Island and Connecticut.
geologists define geologic formations as: recognizable, mappable rock units the process of creating a rock the process of lithification a uniquely shaped, identifiable rock feature a transgressive overlap
Geologists define geologic formations as a rock that has been completely lithified .
Describe the process of lithification .
Lithification is a difficult process that turns loose silt grains that have just been deposited into rock. Lithification might take place either right away or later after a sediment is deposited. One of the key procedures, particularly for sandstones and conglomerates, is cementation. In addition, interactions between different minerals and between minerals and the fluids confined in the pores within a sediment occur; these processes, together referred to as autheigenes, may create new minerals or supplement those already present in the sediment.
Minerals in solution entering the sediment from another region may be deposited or may interact with minerals already there. Minerals may also be dissolved and redistributed form nodules and other concretions. By pressing the grains into different arrangements, the sediment may be compressed.
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what relationship must exist between water temperature and air temperature for the lake effect snow to develop
The likelihood of lake-effect snow high water temperature and low air temperature.
What is the lake effect snow ?
Throughout the Great Lakes area in the late fall and winter, lake effect snow is typical. When cold air—often from Canada—moves across the open waters of the Great Lakes, snow is produced as a result. Warmth and moisture are transported into the lowest part of the atmosphere as the cold air travels over the Great Lakes' unfrozen and somewhat warm waters. A tight band of clouds grows as the air rises, dumping two to three inches of snow per hour or more.
Which places may see lake effect snow depends heavily on wind direction. While the sun may be shining just a few miles distant in any direction, it may be snowing heavily in one area while shining brightly in another.
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Why are the upper reaches of the region's
rivers less populated? (Section 1.2)
Differentiate between south-west trade winds and north-east trade winds
which of the following pieces of evidence prompted researchers to abandon the hypothesis that a supernova caused the high levels of iridium in the k-t layer? select one response group of answer choices coarse sediment mixed with uniform cretaceous mud in texas differences in foraminifera fossils above and below the k-t boundary layer high levels of iridium in the k-t boundary layer lack of an isotope of plutonium in the k-t boundary layer
what is the approximate elevation at grid location 7-i?
Answer:
140 FEET
Explanation:
By calculating the slope using the trigonometric formula the 1/10 goes down a letter per number and therefore the height ends up being 140 feet
which is the correct order to explain the idealized development of a nappe from originally undeformed horizontal strata by increasingly intense deformation?
An upright open symmetrical fold forms, an inclined asymmetrical fold forms, an overturned fold forms, a recumbent fold forms, a thrust fault forms, a large-offset thrust sheet develops a nappe.
What is Nappe?A rock sheet called Nappe is one that has been transported far from its initial location by tectonic pressures. A thrust sheet or similar block of rock that has moved more than 2 km from its original location as a result of tectonic processes is what is referred to as this phenomenon.
Tectonic movements: what are they?
According to the widely recognised scientific hypothesis known as plate tectonics, the Earth's lithosphere is made up of many sizable tectonic plates that have been steadily moving for nearly 3.4 billion years.
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what age would radiometric dating give for a chunk of recently solidified lava from kilauea, an active volcano in hawaii?
Zero will be the age that the radiometric dating will give for a chunk of recently solidified lava from Kilauea, an active volcano in Hawaii
What is Radiometric dating?
Using radioactive isotopes, radioactive dating is a technique for determining the age of rocks and minerals. The stratigraphic correlation approach, which is used to date sedimentary rocks, cannot be used to date igneous and metamorphic rocks.
There are more than 300 known naturally occuring isotopes. Some remain the same throughout time and produce stable isotopes (i.e. those that form during chemical reactions without breaking down). The radioactive isotopes that are unstable or are more widely known as radioactive decay into other isotopes. Natural radioactive decay results from the atomic nucleus becoming unstable and releasing fragments. Radioactive particles are released as a result (there are many types). When the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is balanced by this decay process, the atom becomes stable.
As the chunk is totally fresh, thus the age will be zero
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Two possible causes of temperature changes between 400,000 and 100,000 years ago
Answer:
Over the last 400,000 years the Earth's climate has been unstable, with very significant temperature changes, going from a warm climate to an ice age in as rapidly as a few decades. These rapid changes suggest that climate may be quite sensitive to internal or external climate forcings and feedbacks.
The possible causes of temperature changes years ago are a decrease in forests and in melting of ice sheets.
What are the causes of temperature rises in today's time?The causes of temperature rises in today's time are increases in greenhouse gases which are depleting the ozone layer causing direct emission of ultraviolet rays into the planet and causing a rise in temperature.
The greenhouse gases are incresing due to day to day operations performed by an individual in their daily lives which causes harm to the temperature.
The best solution is minimizing the use of technology which causes an increase in greenhouse gases and adopting eco-friendly lifestyles. Encouraging plantations and afforestation help to increase vegetation which helps in mainatining the balance of the planet.
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Review the information and write a brief essay about how the international community is assisting with AIDS prevention and treatment in Africa.
Can anyone help on this quick, just need it at least as help information sucks on edmentum.
In sub-Saharan Africa, teenage girls and young women account for 25% of new HIV infections.Women account for 56% of infections among adults, which is a result of gender disparities, limited access to healthcare and educational opportunities, and poverty, among other factors.
According to the WHO, reducing new infections will require increased condom usage, long-lasting initiatives to promote changes in sexual behavior, accessible means of infection prevention in high-risk populations, and extended mother-to-child transmission prevention therapies.
All things considered, maintaining the advancements Africa has made thus far and achieving the world's development goals will depend on targeted policies, strong leadership from governments and civil society, and involvement of individuals living with HIV.
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Answer:
Your answer should include information about the Global Fund, which is the international fund developed in 2001 to raise money to fight HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis (TB), and malaria.
Your answer should include information about the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), which started in 2003 and has raised billions of dollars to combat AIDS, TB, and malaria in Africa and other countries.
Your answer could provide information about the supply of preventative care, such as funding for or shipments of condoms and antiretroviral drugs.
Explanation:
this is the answer from edmentum (not a full answer)
Which is NOT a reason that % of the world's population live between 20 degrees N and 60
degrees N latitude?
a. decent climate
b. hot summers
c. good vegetation
d. wet enough for agriculture
convices is determined by consumer
Hot summers is not a reason that % of the world's population live between 20 degrees N and 60 degrees of N latitude .
What are the 4 reasons for population distribution ?
Understanding the patterns of population settlement across the nation is one of the main outcomes of a population census. The spatial distribution of Cambodia's population, as revealed by the 2008 Census of Cambodia.
Multiple uses may be made of population distribution data among administrative regions. They often serve as the foundation for choosing the electoral districts. They offer the fundamental information needed to calculate population estimates and are helpful in relation to social, economic, and administrative planning.
Density and population distribution are two ideas that go hand in hand, therefore it makes sense to talk about them in the same chapter. However, the two ideas are unlike since distribution depends on location and density depends on ratio.
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some scientists argue that we are in a new epoch, the anthropocene, which is characterized by changes in the earth caused primarily by geologic forces. group of answer choices true
Some scientists argue that we are in a new Anthropocene epoch, that is characterized by transformations in the earth primarily caused by geologic forces. Thus, the given statement is true.
The main argument of the Anthropocene epoch is that, from a geological perspective, humans are considered a main force of nature, thus expressing that the current geological epoch is dominated by human activities.
The Anthropocene is a new, present-day epoch in which scientists argue that humans have significantly altered the Earth through their activities. These changes include habitat loss, global warming, animal extinctions, and changes in the chemical constitution of the atmosphere, oceans, and soil.
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What are the factors that determine climate?
Answer:
The two most important factors in the climate of an area are temperature and precipitation. The yearly average temperature of the area is obviously important, but the yearly range in temperature is also important. Some areas have a much larger range between highest and lowest temperature than other areas.
Imagine that you’re a student who lives in Miami, Florida, and your family has decided that it’s time to move to a new home. Which of the following situations would be an example of an external migration?
A. moving to Tampa Bay, Florida
B. moving a few streets away
C. moving to Atlanta, Georgia
D. moving to Mexico
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
Imagine that you’re a student who lives in Miami, Florida, and your family has decided that it’s time to move to a new home. an example of external migration is moving to Mexico. Option D
What is external migration?Generally, Migration to a foreign state, nation, or continent is an example of external migration.
Emigration is the process of moving from one nation to another. The process of relocating to a new nation is known as immigration. Return migration is the process of going back to the place from where one originated.
In conclusion, Imagine that you are a student who currently resides in Miami, Florida, and that your family has come to the conclusion that it is time for all of you to relocate to a different residence. Moving to Mexico is an example of migration to a different country. The D Option
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Answer: D) moving to Mexico
Explanation:
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What are the possible causes of the change in temperature during the Quaterinary period?
Answer:
At the start of the Quaternary, the continents were just about where they are today, slowing inching here and there as the forces of plate tectonics push and tug them about. But throughout the period, the planet has wobbled on its path around the sun. The slight shifts cause ice ages to come and go.
7. What is a pronatalist factor that might have made the total fertility rate higher in some years?
Answer:This entry focuses on the number of births per woman in a population. The most commonly used metric is the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) – or often simply ‘fertility rate’ – which measures the average number of children per woman.1
The global average fertility rate is around 2.3 children per woman today. Over the last 50 years the global fertility rate has halved. And over the course of the modernization of societies the number of children per woman decreases very substantially. In the pre-modern era fertility rates of 4.5 to 7 children per woman were common. At that time the very high mortality at a young age kept population growth low. As health improves and the mortality in the population decreases we typically saw accelerated population growth. This rapid population growth then comes to an end as the fertility rate declines and approaches 2 children per woman.2
The first section of the entry presents the global empirical perspective on the number of children per woman. The long second section presents the academic research that answers the question why the number of children per woman declined. Particularly important are 1) the empowerment of women in society and in relationships – through education, labor force participation, and strengthened women’s rights – and 2) the increased well-being and status of children.
Explanation:
The global total fertility rate, or average number of children a woman is estimated to have in her life, has been falling since the 1960s. Today, the total fertility rate (or TFR) is half of what it was five decades ago. But while women overall are having fewer children than in the past, total fertility rates still vary greatly among countries. Why, when, and if a woman has a child involves many complex societal, economic, and political factors.
What factors contribute to soil fertility?
Factors contributing to fertility of soil are mineral contents, soil pH, grass texture and organic substances.
Soil Fertility Determinants
The soil's fertility is impacted by the following factors:
Mineralogical Makeup
The soil's mineral makeup aids in predicting how well it will hold onto plant nutrients. The quality of the soil can be improved by using the right fertilizers and manures.
soil pH
The pH of the soil contributes to keeping the soil's nutrients available. The ideal pH range for soil fertility is in the range of 5.5-7.
Grass Texture
The minerals of various sizes are in charge of preserving the soil's structure. Because it can hold onto more nutrients, clayey soil functions as a nutrient reservoir.
Organic Substance
A source of nitrogen and phosphorus is organic materials. These can be turned into minerals and given to the plants.
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dr. gregory retallack was able to find evidence that supported the cataclysmic extinction during the permian. what was this piece of evidence? group of answer choices the absolute age of the siberian basalt flows the location of the impact event shocked quartz grains pieces of the meteor itself
Answer:In 1997, College of Oregon scientist Gregory Retallack revealed finding raised iridium levels and stunned quartz precious stones in Permian-Triassic rocks indications of an effect.
Explanation:The end-Permian mass eradication is the biggest of the Phanerozoic. In the quick fallout the marine environment was overwhelmed by microbial and networks with catastrophe taxa. Conceivable kill system incorporates an incredibly quick, unstable arrival of gases like carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen sulfide. Siberian flood volcanism has been recommended as the most conceivable component to set off the monstrous arrival of ozone depleting substances from volcanic ejections and connection of magmas with carbon from thick natural rich stores or quick venting of coal-determined methane or enormous ignition of coal. A sharp Î'13C isotopic outing, quick vanishing of carbonate benthic networks and Î'18O information from conodont apatite recommend fast an unnatural weather change. The end Permian mass elimination happened in under 200,000 years.
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which of the following chapters in geologic time occurred before there were abundant animals with hard parts?
Precambrian geologic epoch was described in the chapter before there were many animals with hard parts.
What geologic period are the earliest fossilized animals from?The "Age of Early Life" was the Precambrian (before to 541 million years ago). Oceans around the planet were home to worms and jellyfish, among other soft-bodied animals. The landscape remained sterile. Simple creatures, microbes, and stromatolite mats are typical Precambrian fossils.
Which geologic age is characterized by the abundance of complex living forms in the rock record?Trilobites, a group of over 600 genera of mud-burrowing scavengers, predominated during the end of the Cambrian Period. The Cambrian Period is when multicellular animal fossils first began to appear, and this profusion of evidence for sophisticated life is frequently referred to as the "Cambrian Explosion."
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What is physical weathering? (1 point)
Responses
the breaking of rock into smaller pieces from nonchemical processes
the breaking of rock into smaller pieces from nonchemical processes
the movement of rock from one place to another
the movement of rock from one place to another
the transformation of rocks into some other type of materials
the transformation of rocks into some other type of materials
the building up of rock that has been brought from other places
the building up of rock that has been brought from other places
Rocks, minerals, and soils disintegrate through a process known as physical weathering, sometimes known as mechanical weathering. Abrasion is the main physical weathering process (the process by which clasts and other particles are reduced in size).
Temperature, pressure, frost, root movement, and burrowing animals can all cause physical deterioration. For instance, physical weathering will expose more surface area through the use of fractures, speeding up the pace of deterioration.
Around the world, gorges, ravines, and valleys are formed by processes of water, ice, and wind that are laden with silt. Huge flowing ice masses packed with soil and rock fragments in glacial regions transport away vast quantities of materials while crushing rocks in their course. Rocks can disintegrate to some extent when plant roots squeeze into cracks and tear them apart. Animal burrowing can also contribute to the disintegration of rocks.
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Answer:
I know this answer might be late but for users who are taking the Earth Lithosphere unit test, the answer is:
The breaking of rock into smaller pieces form nonchemical pro
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What is the relative location of the Great Lakes?
Answer:
The lakes—Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario—are located in east-central North America and provide a natural border between Canada and the United States
